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A2 verb #1,500 am häufigsten 6 Min. Lesezeit

يتوقع

yatawaqqa' Top 1,500

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At the A1 level, 'yatawaqqa'' is introduced as a basic way to talk about simple future events, primarily the weather or simple daily expectations. Learners focus on the first-person 'atawaqqa'' (I expect) and the third-person 'yatawaqqa'' (he/it expects). The focus is on understanding that this word relates to the future. Examples are kept simple, like 'I expect rain' or 'I expect a phone call.' The goal is to distinguish it from 'I want' (ureed). Even at this early stage, the concept of probability is introduced. Students learn to use it with nouns directly. The word is often paired with 'ghadan' (tomorrow) or 'alyawm' (today) to ground it in time. It helps students move beyond simple 'I am' or 'I have' sentences into expressing thoughts about what might happen next. By the end of A1, a student should recognize the word in a weather report and be able to say one thing they expect to happen in their day.

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At the A2 level, the usage of 'yatawaqqa'' expands to include more varied subjects and the introduction of the particle 'an' (that). Learners start to use the verb to talk about other people's expectations and more complex scenarios like travel or work. The distinction between 'waiting' (yantadhir) and 'expecting' (yatawaqqa') becomes a key learning point. Students are encouraged to use 'yatawaqqa'' in the context of plans and logical outcomes. They also begin to see the passive form 'mutawaqqa'' (expected) in simple phrases. The vocabulary surrounding the verb grows to include adverbs like 'tamaman' (completely) or 'jiddan' (very much). Exercises at this level involve transforming sentences and choosing the correct verb for the context. The learner is expected to be able to ask others about their expectations, e.g., 'What do you expect will happen?' This level builds the foundation for expressing probability and professional forecasting.

At the B1 level, 'yatawaqqa'' becomes a tool for discussing social, economic, and personal trends. Learners use it to express more nuanced opinions and to describe sequences of events. The grammatical focus shifts to the subjunctive mood that follows 'an,' ensuring that the subsequent verb is correctly conjugated. Students explore the word's use in news headlines and short articles. They learn to use it with abstract nouns like 'najah' (success), 'fashal' (failure), or 'taghyir' (change). The concept of 'unexpected' (ghayr mutawaqqa') is introduced as a way to describe surprising events. B1 learners should be able to write a short paragraph about their expectations for the coming year or a project. They also start to understand the cultural nuance of 'Insha'Allah' often following an expectation, blending logical prediction with cultural humility. The verb is no longer just about the weather; it's about life trajectories and social changes.

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At the B2 level, 'yatawaqqa'' is used in more sophisticated argumentative and analytical contexts. Learners use it to discuss complex topics like political shifts, market fluctuations, and scientific hypotheses. They are expected to use the verb with a high degree of grammatical accuracy, including complex nested sentences. The passive construction 'Min al-mutawaqqa' an...' becomes a standard part of their formal writing and speaking. Students also learn related idiomatic expressions and the nuances between 'yatawaqqa'' and more formal synonyms like 'yatanabba'' or 'yastashrif.' They can analyze texts that use these words to convey different levels of certainty. At this level, the learner can participate in a debate about future trends, using 'yatawaqqa'' to ground their arguments in logical foresight. They also explore the use of the verb in literature to create suspense or irony when expectations are not met.

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At the C1 level, the learner masters the full semantic range and stylistic variations of 'yatawaqqa'. They use it with precision in academic papers, professional reports, and high-level discussions. The focus is on stylistic elegance and the ability to use the verb to convey subtle shades of meaning. For instance, using the past tense 'tawaqqa'a' to set up a contrast with a surprising reality. Learners explore the etymological roots and how they relate to other words in the 'W-Q-'' family, like 'waqi'' (reality) and 'waqi'ah' (incident). They can handle complex structures where 'yatawaqqa'' is part of a conditional or hypothetical statement. The use of the verb in classical texts and modern high-brow literature is analyzed. C1 students are expected to use the word naturally in a variety of registers, from a casual conversation about a football match to a formal lecture on sociology. They understand how the choice of this verb over another can change the tone of an entire passage.

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At the C2 level, 'yatawaqqa'' is used with the fluency and nuance of a highly educated native speaker. The learner can use it to express philosophical concepts of anticipation and the human condition. They are sensitive to the rhythmic and rhetorical effects of the word in formal oratory and poetry. They can identify and use rare or archaic forms of the root if necessary, though the focus remains on masterful MSA usage. The learner can critique the use of the word in media, identifying when it is used to manipulate public opinion or to hedge statements. They can write complex, nuanced essays on the nature of human expectation versus reality, using 'yatawaqqa'' as a central theme. At this level, the word is not just a vocabulary item but a tool for sophisticated thought and expression, integrated perfectly into the speaker's vast linguistic repertoire. They can play with the word's meaning in creative writing, using it to subvert reader expectations or to build complex narrative structures.

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A versatile Arabic verb meaning 'to expect' or 'to predict' based on current evidence or logic.
Commonly used in weather reports, business forecasts, and daily plans to discuss future possibilities.
Follows the Form V pattern (yatawaqqa'), often used with 'an' to introduce a following action.
Differs from 'waiting' (physical) and 'hoping' (emotional), focusing instead on the mental calculation of probability.

The Arabic verb يتوقع (yatawaqqa') is a cornerstone of modern and classical Arabic, functioning as the primary vehicle for expressing expectation, anticipation, and prediction. Rooted in the triliteral root و-ق-ع (W-Q-'), which fundamentally relates to 'falling' or 'occurring,' the Form V verb tawaqqa'a shifts the meaning from the event itself to the mental state of anticipating that event. In a linguistic sense, it suggests that one is mentally placing an event into reality before it actually 'falls' or happens.

Semantic Core: The core meaning revolves around the cognitive process of forecasting. Unlike 'hoping' (تمني) or 'wishing' (رجاء), 'yatawaqqa' implies a degree of logical deduction or evidence-based foresight. It is the bridge between current data and future reality.

يتوقع خبراء الأرصاد الجوية هطول أمطار غزيرة غداً.
(Meteorologists expect heavy rain tomorrow.)

In the CEFR A2 context, learners encounter this word most frequently in weather reports and daily plans. However, its utility spans into the highest levels of academic and professional discourse. When you say 'I expect,' you are not just guessing; you are stating a probability. The word carries a weight of likelihood that makes it essential for business, science, and interpersonal relationships.

Grammatical Structure: It is a transitive verb that can take a direct object (expecting a thing) or be followed by the particle 'أن' (that) and a present tense verb (expecting that something will happen). This flexibility allows for complex sentence structures even at lower proficiency levels.

لا أحد يتوقع ما سيحدث في المستقبل.
(No one expects what will happen in the future.)

Register and Nuance: While 'yatawaqqa'' is common in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), it is also widely understood in all dialects, though some dialects might use 'rah' or 'hay' for future intent, 'yatawaqqa'' remains the standard for formal expectation.

هل تتوقع وصول الطائرة في موعدها؟
(Do you expect the plane to arrive on time?)

من المتوقع أن يزور الرئيس المدينة غداً.
(It is expected that the president will visit the city tomorrow.)

يتوقع المدير أداءً أفضل من الموظفين.
(The manager expects better performance from the employees.)

Using يتوقع correctly requires understanding its conjugation and its syntactic environment. As a Form V verb, it follows the pattern tafa''ala / yatafa''alu. The doubling of the middle radical (the 'qaf') is crucial for both pronunciation and meaning, indicating a reflexive or intensive process of the root meaning.

Conjugation Basics: In the present tense: Ana atawaqqa' (I expect), Anta tatawaqqa' (You expect), Huwa yatawaqqa' (He expects). In the past tense: Tawaqqa'tu (I expected), Tawaqqa'a (He expected).

توقعتُ أنك ستتصل بي بالأمس.
(I expected that you would call me yesterday.)

One of the most common structures is يتوقع أن + [فعل مضارع منصوب]. This is the equivalent of 'expects that [subject] will [verb]'. Note that the verb following 'an' is usually in the subjunctive mood, though in casual speech, this distinction is often lost. Another common structure is يتوقع + [اسم], where the noun is the direct object of the expectation.

Passive Construction: The passive participle 'Mutawaqqa'' (expected) is used extensively. Phrases like 'kama huwa mutawaqqa'' (as expected) or 'ghayr mutawaqqa'' (unexpected) are essential for fluid Arabic.

حدث ما كان متوقعاً تماماً.
(Exactly what was expected happened.)

ماذا تتوقع مني أن أفعل؟
(What do you expect me to do?)

Negation: To negate in the present, use 'la yatawaqqa''. To negate in the past, use 'lam yatawaqqa'' or 'ma tawaqqa'a'. 'Lam' is generally preferred in formal writing.

لم أتوقع أن تكون الرحلة طويلة هكذا.
(I didn't expect the trip to be this long.)

كانت النتيجة غير متوقعة بالمرة.
(The result was completely unexpected.)

The verb يتوقع is ubiquitous across various domains of Arabic life. From the morning news to corporate boardrooms and family dinners, it is the primary tool for discussing the future based on current circumstances. Understanding its context helps in grasping the subtle shifts in its meaning.

1. Media and News: In news broadcasts, 'yatawaqqa'' is used for weather forecasts, political predictions, and economic outlooks. You will often hear 'Min al-mutawaqqa' an...' (It is expected that...) followed by a report on upcoming events.

يتوقع المحللون نمواً اقتصادياً في الربع القادم.
(Analysts expect economic growth in the next quarter.)

2. Business and Professional Life: In professional settings, it is used to discuss project timelines, sales targets, and employee performance. It conveys a sense of professional estimation rather than just a guess.

نتوقع استلام الرد من العميل خلال يومين.
(We expect to receive the response from the client within two days.)

هل كنت تتوقع أن يفوز هذا الفريق؟
(Were you expecting this team to win?)

3. Academic and Scientific Contexts: Scientists use 'yatawaqqa'' to describe hypotheses or the results of simulations. It implies a logical consequence of a theory or a set of data points.

تتوقع الدراسة زيادة في درجات الحرارة العالمية.
(The study expects an increase in global temperatures.)

من المتوقع أن تنتهي الأشغال في نهاية الشهر.
(It is expected that the works will finish at the end of the month.)

Even though يتوقع is a common word, learners often trip over its nuances, its prepositional requirements, and its distinction from similar verbs. Avoiding these pitfalls will make your Arabic sound much more natural and precise.

1. Confusing 'Yatawaqqa'' with 'Yantadhir': 'Yantadhir' (ينتظر) means 'to wait'. While in English we might say 'I am expecting a guest' to mean they are coming, in Arabic, if you are physically waiting for them, use 'yantadhir'. Use 'yatawaqqa'' for the mental belief that they will come.

خطأ: أنا أتوقع الحافلة في المحطة. (Wrong for 'waiting')
صح: أنا أنتظر الحافلة في المحطة. (Right: I am waiting for the bus.)

2. Overusing 'Yatawaqqa'' for Hopes: If you want something to happen, use 'ya'mal' (يأمل) or 'yarju' (يرجو). 'Yatawaqqa'' is neutral; you can expect something bad just as easily as something good. It is a prediction, not a desire.

أتوقع أن أرسب في الامتحان.
(I expect to fail the exam - logical but not desired.)

3. Misplacing Prepositions: Learners sometimes try to use 'li' (for) after 'yatawaqqa''. In Arabic, you expect a thing (direct object) or expect 'min' (from) someone. Do not add unnecessary prepositions between the verb and the object.

خطأ: أتوقع للنجاح.
صح: أتوقع النجاح. (I expect success.)

لا تتوقع الكثير من الآخرين.
(Don't expect too much from others.)

To truly master يتوقع, it is helpful to compare it with its synonyms and related terms. Arabic is rich in words for 'seeing the future,' each with a specific flavor and level of certainty.

1. يتوقع (Yatawaqqa') vs. يتنبأ (Yatanabba'): 'Yatawaqqa'' is general expectation. 'Yatanabba'' specifically means 'to predict' or 'to prophesy'. It often implies a more formal or scientific prediction, or even a supernatural one (from 'Nabi' - prophet).

يتنبأ العراف بالمستقبل، لكن العالم يتوقع النتائج بناءً على البيانات.
(The fortune teller predicts the future, but the scientist expects results based on data.)

2. يتوقع (Yatawaqqa') vs. ينتظر (Yantadhir): As discussed, 'Yantadhir' is the physical act of waiting. You can 'yatawaqqa'' that someone will arrive without 'yantadhir'-ing them at the door.

3. يتوقع (Yatawaqqa') vs. يستشرف (Yastashrif): 'Yastashrif' is a high-level academic or literary term meaning 'to look forward to' or 'to envision' a future horizon. It is much more formal than 'yatawaqqa''.

نحن نستشرف مستقبلاً مشرقاً للبلاد.
(We envision a bright future for the country.)

4. يتوقع (Yatawaqqa') vs. يرجو (Yarju): 'Yarju' is 'to hope' or 'to request'. It involves emotion and desire, whereas 'yatawaqqa'' is purely cognitive.

أرجو أن تنجح، لكني أتوقع أن الامتحان سيكون صعباً.
(I hope you succeed, but I expect the exam will be difficult.)

التوقع سيد الموقف في هذه الأزمة.
(Expectation is the master of the situation in this crisis.)

How Formal Is It?

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Wichtige Grammatik

Form V Verb Patterns

The Subjunctive Mood (Al-Mansub)

Passive Participles (Ism al-Maf'ul)

Transitive vs Intransitive Verbs

Negation with 'Lam' and 'La'

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Beispiele nach Niveau

أتوقع مطراً اليوم.

I expect rain today.

Direct object 'mataran' (rain) in the accusative.

هو يتوقع اتصالاً.

He expects a call.

Third person singular present.

هل تتوقع النجاح؟

Do you expect success?

Question form using 'hal'.

نحن نتوقع الضيوف.

We expect guests.

First person plural 'nahnu'.

هي لا تتوقع المشاكل.

She does not expect problems.

Negation using 'la'.

ماذا تتوقع غداً؟

What do you expect tomorrow?

Interrogative 'madha'.

أتوقع أنك هنا.

I expect you are here.

Simple use of 'an' (that).

القط يتوقع الطعام.

The cat expects food.

Noun as subject.

أتوقع أن يصل الأستاذ قريباً.

I expect the teacher to arrive soon.

Subjunctive verb 'yasila' after 'an'.

هل تتوقع أن تنجح في الامتحان؟

Do you expect to pass the exam?

Second person singular 'tatawaqqa''.

من المتوقع أن يكون الجو حاراً.

It is expected that the weather will be hot.

Passive participle 'mutawaqqa'' used as a predicate.

لم أتوقع رؤيتك هنا!

I didn't expect to see you here!

Past negation using 'lam' + jussive.

ماذا تتوقع من هذا الفيلم؟

What do you expect from this movie?

Use of preposition 'min' (from).

توقعتُ أنك نسيت الموعد.

I expected that you forgot the appointment.

Past tense 'tawaqqa'tu'.

الشركة تتوقع زيادة في المبيعات.

The company expects an increase in sales.

Noun phrase as direct object.

لا أتوقع أن يغير رأيه.

I don't expect him to change his mind.

Negative expectation with 'an'.

يتوقع الخبراء تغيراً كبيراً في المناخ.

Experts expect a major change in the climate.

Subject 'al-khubara'' (experts) follows the verb.

كان من المتوقع أن تنتهي الرحلة مبكراً.

It was expected that the trip would end early.

Past passive construction 'kana min al-mutawaqqa''.

لا أحد يتوقع ما قد يحدث في المستقبل.

No one expects what might happen in the future.

Use of 'ma' as a relative pronoun.

توقعتُ منه دعماً أكبر في هذا المشروع.

I expected more support from him in this project.

Prepositional phrase 'minhu' (from him).

هل تتوقعين أن تقبلك الجامعة؟

Do you (fem.) expect the university to accept you?

Feminine second person 'tatawaqqa'een'.

من غير المتوقع أن تنخفض الأسعار الآن.

It is unexpected for prices to drop now.

Use of 'ghayr' for negation.

يتوقع الجمهور عرضاً مذهلاً.

The audience expects a stunning show.

Collective noun 'al-jumhur' as subject.

توقعنا أن تكون الغرفة أوسع.

We expected the room to be wider.

First person plural past tense.

يتوقع المحللون أن تشهد البورصة استقراراً.

Analysts expect the stock market to witness stability.

Complex object clause after 'an'.

لم يكن أحد يتوقع هذا التحول المفاجئ في الأحداث.

No one was expecting this sudden turn of events.

Continuous past negation 'lam yakun... yatawaqqa''.

من المتوقع أن تساهم هذه التقنية في حل الأزمة.

It is expected that this technology will contribute to solving the crisis.

Passive structure with 'tusaahima' (contribute).

توقعتُ أن تكون ردة فعله أكثر حدة.

I expected his reaction to be sharper.

Comparative 'akthar hiddah'.

هل تتوقع أن تلتزم الدول بالاتفاقية؟

Do you expect the countries to stick to the agreement?

Plural noun 'al-duwal' as subject of the inner clause.

كانت النتائج مخيبة للتوقعات.

The results were disappointing to expectations.

Genitive construction 'mukhayyibah lil-tawaqqu'at'.

يتوقع العلماء اكتشاف كواكب جديدة.

Scientists expect to discover new planets.

Verbal noun 'iktishaf' as object.

لا يمكننا أن نتوقع سلوك البشر دائماً.

We cannot always expect human behavior.

Modal 'la yumkinuna' (we cannot).

يتوقع الفلاسفة أن الوعي البشري سيبقى لغزاً.

Philosophers expect that human consciousness will remain a mystery.

Abstract subject 'al-wa'y' (consciousness).

من المتوقع أن يثير هذا الكتاب جدلاً واسعاً.

It is expected that this book will spark a wide debate.

Verb 'yutheer' (to spark/arouse) in the subjunctive.

لم تكن هذه النتيجة ضمن ما كنا نتوقعه.

This result was not within what we were expecting.

Relative clause 'ma kunna natawaqqa'uhu'.

تتوقع النظرية وجود أبعاد أخرى للكون.

The theory expects the existence of other dimensions to the universe.

Scientific register.

على المرء ألا يتوقع الكثير من الحظ.

One should not expect too much from luck.

Impersonal 'al-mar'' (one/the person).

توقعتُ أن أجد المدينة قد تغيرت تماماً.

I expected to find that the city had changed completely.

Compound tense in the inner clause.

من غير المتوقع أن تتراجع الحكومة عن قرارها.

It is unexpected for the government to back down from its decision.

Formal political register.

يتوقع النقاد أن يحصل الفيلم على جوائز عديدة.

Critics expect the film to receive many awards.

Subject 'al-nuqqad' (critics).

يتوقع المؤرخون أن تعيد هذه الوثائق كتابة التاريخ.

Historians expect these documents to rewrite history.

High-level academic register.

ما كان ليتوقع أحد أن تؤول الأمور إلى هذا المآل.

No one could have expected things to end up this way.

Complex 'lam yakun li-yatawaqqa'' structure for emphasis.

تتوقع القصيدة عودة البطل من منفاه الأبدي.

The poem expects the hero's return from his eternal exile.

Literary personification of 'al-qasidah'.

من المتوقع أن يطرأ تحول جذري على بنية المجتمع.

It is expected that a radical transformation will occur in the structure of society.

Use of 'yatra'' (to occur/arise) and 'jadhri' (radical).

لم يتوقع أكثر المتفائلين هذا النجاح الباهر.

Not even the most optimistic expected this brilliant success.

Superlative 'akthar al-mutafa'ileen'.

يتوقع الخطاب السياسي مرحلة من التقشف.

The political discourse expects a period of austerity.

Abstract subject 'al-khitab al-siyasi'.

توقعتُ فيك خيراً، فلا تخذلني.

I expected good in you, so do not let me down.

Use of 'feeka' (in you) to denote character expectation.

إن ما نتوقعه هو انعكاس لما نخشاه.

What we expect is a reflection of what we fear.

Philosophical 'Inna' construction.

Häufige Kollokationen

يتوقع الأسوأ (Expect the worst)

يتوقع الأفضل (Expect the best)

من المتوقع أن (It is expected that)

يفوق التوقعات (Exceeds expectations)

حسب التوقعات (According to expectations)

خلافاً للتوقعات (Contrary to expectations)

توقعات جوية (Weather forecast)

توقعات اقتصادية (Economic outlook)

يتوقع رداً (Expects a reply)

يتوقع وصول (Expects the arrival of)

Häufige Phrasen

كما هو متوقع (As expected)

غير متوقع (Unexpected)

ماذا تتوقع؟ (What do you expect?)

لا أتوقع ذلك (I don't expect so)

توقعتُ هذا (I expected this)

من غير المتوقع (It is unlikely/unexpected)

بناءً على التوقعات (Based on expectations)

أقل من المتوقع (Less than expected)

أكثر مما توقعت (More than I expected)

توقعات مستقبلية (Future expectations)

Wird oft verwechselt mit

يتوقع vs ينتظر (To wait)

يتوقع vs يأمل (To hope)

يتوقع vs يظن (To think/assume)

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"خيب التوقعات (To fail to meet expectations)"

"فاق كل التوقعات (To exceed all expectations)"

"في طور التوقع (In the stage of being expected)"

"على عكس ما كان متوقعاً (Opposite to what was expected)"

"سقف التوقعات (The ceiling/limit of expectations)"

"توقعات لا أساس لها (Groundless expectations)"

"بين المتوقع والمأمول (Between the expected and the hoped-for)"

"توقعات مبنية على رمال (Expectations built on sand)"

"في دائرة التوقع (Within the realm of expectation)"

"توقع غير محسوب (An uncalculated expectation)"

Leicht verwechselbar

يتوقع vs

Satzmuster

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So verwendest du es

nuance

It is more certain than 'guessing' but less certain than 'knowing'.

dialect variations

In Egypt, 'mitwaqqa'' is common for 'expecting'.

Häufige Fehler

Using 'yantadhir' instead of 'yatawaqqa' for mental anticipation.
Forgetting the 'an' before a following verb.
Not using the subjunctive mood after 'an'.
Using 'yatawaqqa'' for emotional hopes.
Mispronouncing the 'qaf' or 'ayn'.

Tipps

Subjunctive Alert

Always use the subjunctive mood for the verb following 'an'. For example, 'an yanjaha' instead of 'an yanjahu'.

Passive Form

Learn 'Min al-mutawaqqa' as a fixed phrase. It's incredibly common in news and professional writing.

Adding Insha'Allah

When expressing a positive expectation, adding 'Insha'Allah' makes you sound much more like a native speaker.

The Qaf Sound

Practice the double 'qaf' with a shadda. It should feel like a small catch in your throat.

Business Reports

Use 'yatawaqqa'' to present data-driven forecasts. It sounds more professional than 'athun' (I think).

Weather Reports

The weather forecast is the best place to hear this word used repeatedly in context.

Root Link

Link it to 'Waqi'' (Reality). You are thinking about a future reality.

Expect vs Wait

Remember: Expecting is in the head, waiting is in the feet.

Predicting

Use 'yatanabba'' if you want to sound more like a scientist or a fortune teller.

Negative Expectation

You can say 'la atawaqqa'' to politely disagree with someone's optimistic prediction.

Einprägen

Wortherkunft

Arabic root W-Q-'

Kultureller Kontext

Expectations in business are often discussed formally using 'min al-mutawaqqa''.

When someone tells you they expect to succeed, it's polite to say 'Insha'Allah'.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Gesprächseinstiege

"ماذا تتوقع أن يحدث في نهاية هذا العام؟"

"هل تتوقع أن يتغير الطقس غداً؟"

"ما هي توقعاتك لمباراة اليوم؟"

"هل كنت تتوقع أن نلتقي هنا؟"

"ماذا تتوقع من وظيفتك الجديدة؟"

Tagebuch-Impulse

اكتب عن شيء تتوقعه في حياتك المهنية.

هل حدث لك شيء غير متوقع مؤخراً؟ صفه.

ما هي توقعاتك لمستقبل التكنولوجيا؟

تحدث عن مرة خابت فيها توقعاتك.

كيف تتعامل مع التوقعات العالية من الآخرين؟

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

No, it is a neutral prediction. You can expect something bad to happen.

You say 'ghayr mutawaqqa'' (غير متوقع).

No, use 'yantadhir' for physical waiting.

It is used in both, but very common in formal media.

The root is W-Q-' (و-ق-ع).

It is 'nahnu natawaqqa'' (نحن نتوقع).

Usually no, but you can use 'min' to say 'expect from'.

The verbal noun is 'tawaqqu'' (توقع).

In MSA, yes, as a deep 'qaf'. In some dialects, it might be a glottal stop.

Yes, 'I expect a lot from you' is 'atawaqqa' minka al-katheer'.

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