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B2 adverb 11 Min. Lesezeit

به طور مشخص

be tor-e moshakhas
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At the A1 level, 'به طور مشخص' is a bit advanced, but you can understand it as a way to say 'this one, not that one' in a very clear way. Imagine you are in a shop and you want a very specific apple. You might not use the whole phrase yet, but you will see the word 'مشخص' (moshakhas) which means 'clear' or 'known.' As a beginner, just remember that 'به طور مشخص' is like pointing your finger very accurately at something in a sentence. It helps people know exactly what you are talking about. You don't need to use it in every sentence, but if you hear it, know that the speaker is being very careful to be clear. For example, 'این کتاب مشخص است' (This book is clear/specified). Even at this level, learning the pattern 'به طور' + (adjective) is helpful because it shows you how Persian makes adverbs. It's like adding '-ly' in English. So, 'specifically' is 'in a specific way.' Keep it simple: it means 'this exact thing.'
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By A2, you are starting to build longer sentences. You can use 'به طور مشخص' to clarify your needs. Instead of just saying 'من غذا می‌خواهم' (I want food), you might say 'من به طور مشخص کباب می‌خواهم' (I specifically want kebab). It adds a bit of 'power' to your request. At this level, you should focus on the 'Ezafe' sound—that little 'e' between 'towr' and 'moshakhas.' It's important for the rhythm of the language. You will hear this phrase in simple news reports or when a teacher gives instructions. If a teacher says, 'به طور مشخص به صفحه ده بروید,' they want everyone to go to page ten and nowhere else. It's a useful phrase for being precise in your daily life in Iran, like when giving directions to a taxi driver. It prevents mistakes! Just remember: 'به طور' (be towr-e) means 'in the manner of,' and 'مشخص' (moshakhas) means 'specific.' Put them together to show you know what you're talking about.
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At the B1 level, you are moving into 'Intermediate' territory. You should start using 'به طور مشخص' in your writing and more formal conversations. This is the level where you distinguish between 'especially' (مخصوصاً) and 'specifically' (به طور مشخص). Use 'به طور مشخص' when you are explaining a problem or a plan. For example, 'مشکل من به طور مشخص زمان است' (My problem is specifically time). It sounds much more professional than just using simple words. You will also start to see this phrase in short stories and newspaper articles. It's used to narrow down a topic. If you are describing a person, you might say they have 'به طور مشخص چشمان سبز' (specifically green eyes) if that is their most distinct feature. Practice using it with verbs like 'گفتن' (to say) and 'خواستن' (to want). It shows that you are moving beyond basic Persian and starting to use 'academic' or 'professional' structures. It's a great 'bridge' phrase to help you reach the next level of fluency.
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At B2, you are expected to use 'به طور مشخص' with ease and accuracy. This is the level where the word truly belongs. You should use it in debates, presentations, and essays to provide clear evidence or to pinpoint specific arguments. For a B2 learner, this phrase is essential for 'hedging' and 'focusing' in discourse. It allows you to say, 'I'm not talking about everything, I'm talking about *this*.' You should understand its role in formal Persian where it acts as a marker of precision. For example, 'نویسنده به طور مشخص به تضادهای طبقاتی اشاره می‌کند' (The author specifically refers to class conflicts). You should also be able to recognize it in fast-paced news broadcasts and understand the nuance it adds to a report. It's no longer just a vocabulary word; it's a tool for structuring your thoughts. You should also be aware of its synonyms like 'دقیقاً' or 'منحصراً' and know why 'به طور مشخص' is the better choice in an analytical context. It demonstrates that you can handle the complexities of Persian adverbial phrases and the 'Ezafe' construction perfectly.
At the C1 level, you are exploring the stylistic nuances of 'به طور مشخص.' You use it not just for clarity, but for rhetorical effect. You might use it to set up a contrast or to emphasize a point in a sophisticated way. In C1 academic writing, this phrase is used to define the scope of a thesis or the parameters of a study. You understand that 'به طور مشخص' can sometimes be replaced by 'صریحاً' (explicitly) or 'مؤکداً' (emphatically) to change the tone of the sentence. You are also sensitive to the 'register'—you know that using this phrase in a very informal setting might be seen as a sign of being 'pompous' or 'overly formal,' and you adjust your language accordingly. You can use it in legal translations or high-level business negotiations where every word matters. Your pronunciation should be perfect, including the 'tashdid' on the 'kh' in 'moshakhas.' You can also use it in literary analysis to discuss specific themes or motifs in Persian poetry and prose. It's a mark of a truly advanced speaker who can navigate the formal landscape of the Persian language with confidence.
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For a C2 learner, 'به طور مشخص' is a fundamental building block of high-level discourse. You use it instinctively in complex sentence structures, often combining it with other advanced adverbial phrases. You understand its historical and etymological roots in Arabic and how it has been integrated into the 'pure' Persian grammatical framework. In C2 level discussions, you might use it to dissect a philosophical argument or a legal clause with surgical precision. You are aware of the subtle difference between 'به طور مشخص' and 'به نحو مشخص' or 'به صورت مشخص,' and you choose the one that fits the rhythmic and stylistic requirements of your prose. You can identify its usage in classical-style modern prose (like that of Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh or Sadegh Hedayat) and understand how it contributes to the clarity of the narrative. At this level, you might even use it ironically or for emphasis in a way that shows a deep cultural understanding of Persian 'Ta'arof' and formal etiquette. It is no longer a 'learning' word for you; it is a part of your intellectual identity in the Persian-speaking world.
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  • Means 'specifically' or 'clearly.'
  • Used in formal and professional contexts.
  • Requires the 'Ezafe' sound (be towr-e).
  • Helps avoid ambiguity in speech and writing.
The Persian adverbial phrase به طور مشخص (be towr-e moshakhas) is a vital tool for intermediate and advanced speakers seeking to add precision and clarity to their speech. At its core, it translates to 'specifically,' 'clearly,' or 'distinctly.' However, its usage in Persian often carries a weight of intentionality and emphasis that goes beyond a simple English translation. It is constructed from three distinct parts: the preposition 'به' (to/in), the noun 'طور' (manner/way), and the adjective 'مشخص' (specific/distinct). Together, they form a prepositional phrase that functions as an adverb of manner.
Semantic Range
The phrase covers the spectrum from 'in a specific way' to 'explicitly' and 'pointedly.' It is used when a speaker wants to narrow down a general topic to a singular, well-defined point.
You will encounter this phrase most frequently in academic writing, news broadcasts, legal documents, and professional debates. In these settings, ambiguity is the enemy, and be towr-e moshakhas serves as the surgical tool that cuts through vagueness. For instance, in a political analysis, a commentator might say that a policy 'specifically' targets inflation, using this phrase to highlight the primary objective.

دولت به طور مشخص بر روی کاهش نرخ بیکاری تمرکز کرده است.

Translation: The government has specifically focused on reducing the unemployment rate.
Beyond formal settings, it is also used in daily life when someone is being asked to clarify a vague statement. If a friend says they are 'busy,' you might ask, 'What specifically are you doing?' using the adjective form, but if you want to state that you are 'specifically' looking for a certain book, you use the adverbial phrase. It signals to the listener that what follows is the most important or relevant piece of information. Understanding this phrase requires understanding the Persian 'Ezafe' construction that connects 'towr' and 'moshakhas.' The short 'e' sound at the end of 'towr' is essential for the phrase to be grammatically correct. Without it, the phrase loses its cohesive adverbial function. In modern Persian, this phrase has largely replaced older, more archaic ways of saying 'specifically' in technical prose. It allows for a level of detail that is necessary in scientific and philosophical discourse. When you use this phrase, you are signaling to your audience that you are about to provide a concrete example or a precise definition. It is a hallmark of sophisticated Persian communication.
Register and Tone
The tone is generally neutral to formal. It is rarely used in very casual slang, where speakers might prefer 'قشنگ' (ghashang) in a figurative sense to mean 'clearly,' but in any professional or educational context, 'به طور مشخص' is the standard choice.

او به طور مشخص از ذکر نام رقیبان خود خودداری کرد.

Translation: He specifically refrained from mentioning his rivals' names.
Etymological Nuance
The word 'مشخص' comes from the Arabic root 'sh-kh-s' (شخص), relating to a person or an entity. Thus, to make something 'moshakhas' is to give it its own 'personhood' or 'identity,' making it stand out from the crowd.
In summary, use this phrase when you need to be precise, when you want to avoid confusion, and when you are operating in a professional or intellectual environment. It is the bridge between a general idea and a specific fact.
Using به طور مشخص correctly involves understanding its placement and its relationship with verbs and subjects. As an adverbial phrase, its position in a Persian sentence is relatively flexible, but there are standard placements that sound most natural to native speakers. Usually, it appears before the verb or before the specific element it is modifying.
Before the Verb
This is the most common position. It modifies the action of the entire sentence. For example: 'ما به طور مشخص در مورد این موضوع صحبت کردیم' (We specifically talked about this topic).
When you place it at the beginning of a sentence, it acts as a transition or a framing device, signaling that the entire following sentence will be a specific clarification of a previous point.

به طور مشخص، این دارو برای بیماران قلبی تجویز می‌شود.

Translation: Specifically, this medicine is prescribed for heart patients.
Another key aspect is its role in comparisons. When you want to distinguish one item from a group, 'به طور مشخص' identifies the outlier or the focus.
Identifying the Focus
In a list of problems, you might say: 'مشکل ما به طور مشخص کمبود بودجه است' (Our problem is specifically the lack of budget).
It is also frequently used with verbs of 'mentioning' (ذکر کردن), 'stating' (بیان کردن), and 'pointing out' (اشاره کردن). In these cases, it emphasizes that the speaker is being explicit rather than vague.

استاد به طور مشخص به فصل سوم کتاب اشاره کرد.

Translation: The professor specifically referred to the third chapter of the book.
One common stylistic choice in Persian is to use 'به طور مشخص' to avoid the repetition of simpler adverbs like 'دقیقاً' (exactly). While they are often interchangeable, 'به طور مشخص' feels more analytical and objective. In negative sentences, 'به طور مشخص' can be used to deny a specific detail. 'او به طور مشخص نگفت که چه زمانی می‌آید' (He didn't specifically say when he is coming). Here, it implies that while he might have mentioned coming, the exact time was left vague.

این قانون به طور مشخص شامل حال ما نمی‌شود.

Translation: This law specifically does not apply to us.
Usage in Questions
When asking for details, you can use it to prompt the other person: 'آیا می‌توانید به طور مشخص بگویید چه اتفاقی افتاد؟' (Can you say specifically what happened?)
Finally, notice the rhythm of the phrase. The four syllables 'be-tow-re-mo-sha-khas' create a staccato effect that naturally draws the listener's attention to the precision of the statement. Use this rhythmic quality to your advantage when giving presentations or making a point in a discussion.

ما باید به طور مشخص اهداف خود را تعیین کنیم.

Translation: We must specifically define our goals.
By practicing these sentence patterns, you will move from general communication to precise, high-level Persian.
To truly master به طور مشخص, you must observe its natural habitat. This isn't a word you'll typically hear shouted across a busy bazaar or used by children playing in a park. Instead, it lives in the realms of intellect, governance, and media.
The Newsroom
If you turn on BBC Persian or Iran International, you will hear this phrase constantly. News anchors use it to clarify reports: 'گزارش‌ها به طور مشخص به نقش عوامل خارجی اشاره دارند' (Reports specifically point to the role of foreign factors). It provides a sense of journalistic objectivity.
In the classroom or university lecture hall, professors use it to narrow down complex theories. A philosophy professor might say, 'کانت به طور مشخص در مورد اخلاق وظیفه‌گرا صحبت می‌کند' (Kant specifically speaks about deontological ethics). It helps students distinguish between broad schools of thought and specific arguments.

این تحقیق به طور مشخص تاثیر آلودگی بر سلامت کودکان را بررسی می‌کند.

Translation: This research specifically examines the impact of pollution on children's health.
Another common setting is business meetings. When discussing a project's scope, a manager might use the phrase to assign tasks or define limits: 'ما به طور مشخص به دنبال بازارهای جدید در آسیا هستیم' (We are specifically looking for new markets in Asia). It prevents misunderstandings among team members. In legal and bureaucratic contexts, 'به طور مشخص' is indispensable. Whether it's a contract, a visa application, or a court ruling, the phrase ensures that the terms are clear and distinct. A lawyer might argue, 'موکل من به طور مشخص در زمان حادثه در محل حضور نداشت' (My client specifically was not present at the scene at the time of the incident).
Social Media and Blogs
In long-form Instagram captions or Persian blogs, writers use this to transition from a general story to a specific moral or point. It adds a layer of 'literary' or 'intellectual' flavor to their writing.

نویسنده در این فصل به طور مشخص به دردهای اجتماعی می‌پردازد.

Translation: In this chapter, the author specifically addresses social pains.
You might also hear it in documentaries. Narrators use it to highlight a unique feature of an animal, a historical event, or a geographic location. 'این گونه از پرندگان به طور مشخص در مناطق کوهستانی یافت می‌شوند' (This species of birds is specifically found in mountainous regions).
Common Pairs
It often pairs with 'نه به طور کلی' (not generally) to create a contrast. 'من به طور مشخص در مورد این بخش صحبت می‌کنم، نه به طور کلی.' (I am speaking specifically about this section, not generally.)

او به طور مشخص از من خواست که این راز را فاش نکنم.

Translation: He specifically asked me not to reveal this secret.
By paying attention to these contexts, you'll start to feel the 'weight' of the word and use it with the same confidence as a native speaker.
Even for advanced learners, به طور مشخص can be tricky. The most common error is confusing it with its close cousins: 'مخصوصاً' (makhsousan) and 'به‌ویژه' (be-vije). While all three can translate to 'specifically' or 'especially' in English, their Persian nuances differ.
Mistake 1: Overuse in Casual Speech
Using 'به طور مشخص' while hanging out with friends can sound overly stiff and formal. If you want to say 'I especially like this pizza,' saying 'من به طور مشخص این پیتزا را دوست دارم' sounds like you are writing a food critique rather than enjoying a meal. In casual settings, 'مخصوصاً' is much better.

Wrong: من به طور مشخص به تو زنگ زدم که حالت را بپرسم. (Too formal for a quick check-in call).

Mistake 2: Dropping the 'Ezafe'
In Persian grammar, the 'e' sound (Ezafe) between 'towr' and 'moshakhas' is mandatory. Learners often forget it because it isn't written as a letter. Without the Ezafe, you are saying 'in a way specific,' which sounds broken. Always remember: 'be towr-E moshakhas.'
Mistake 3: Confusing Adverb with Adjective
Remember that 'مشخص' (moshakhas) is an adjective meaning 'specific/clear.' 'به طور مشخص' is the adverb. You cannot use the adverb to modify a noun directly. Correct: 'یک دلیل مشخص' (a specific reason). Incorrect: 'یک دلیل به طور مشخص'.

Correct: او یک هدف مشخص دارد. (Adjective modifying noun).

Mistake 4: Misplacing it in the Sentence
While flexible, placing it after the verb is almost always wrong. Adverbs in Persian usually precede the verb. 'او گفت به طور مشخص' is incorrect; it should be 'او به طور مشخص گفت.'
Mistake 5: Spelling 'مشخص'
The word has a 'تشدید' (tashdid) over the 'kh' (خ), making it 'moshak-khas.' While often omitted in writing, the double sound is vital in speech. Also, ensure you use 'ص' (sad) and not 'س' (sin), as it comes from the Arabic 'shakhs.'

او به طور مشخص به این موضوع نپرداخت. (Proper placement before the negative verb).

Avoiding these pitfalls will make your Persian sound much more natural and professional. Precision is the goal of this phrase, so using it precisely is key!
Persian is a language rich in synonyms, and به طور مشخص has several alternatives depending on the nuance you want to convey. Knowing which one to pick can elevate your fluency from 'functional' to 'native-like.'
دقیقاً (Daghighan)
Meaning 'exactly.' Use this when you are talking about numbers, times, or perfect alignment. 'به طور مشخص' is more about clarity and distinction, whereas 'دقیقاً' is about mathematical or literal precision.

ساعت دقیقاً هشت است. (Exactly 8:00).

مخصوصاً (Makhsousan) / به‌ویژه (Be-vije)
Meaning 'especially' or 'particularly.' These are used to highlight a preference or a standout member of a group. 'من میوه دوست دارم، مخصوصاً سیب' (I like fruit, especially apples). 'به طور مشخص' would sound too clinical here.
صریحاً (Sarihan)
Meaning 'explicitly' or 'frankly.' Use this when someone is speaking very directly without hiding anything. 'او صریحاً مخالفت کرد' (He explicitly/openly disagreed). 'به طور مشخص' is more about the 'what' is being said, while 'صریحاً' is about the 'how' it is being said.
منحصراً (Monhaseran)
Meaning 'exclusively.' This is stronger than 'specifically.' It means *only* this thing and nothing else. 'این محصول منحصراً در ایران تولید می‌شود' (This product is exclusively produced in Iran).

او به روشنی هدف خود را بیان کرد. (Alternative: 'clearly' - be roshani).

به تفکیک (Be tafkik)
Meaning 'separately' or 'item by item.' This is used in data analysis. 'آمار به تفکیک استان‌ها' (Statistics specifically/separately by province). It implies a breakdown into parts.
Choosing the right synonym depends on your context. If you are in a lab, use 'دقیقاً.' If you are in a courtroom, use 'به طور مشخص' or 'صریحاً.' If you are at a party, use 'مخصوصاً.' This variety is what makes Persian such a beautiful and expressive language.

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

The root 'sh-kh-s' in Arabic originally referred to the physical form or stature of a person. So, to make something 'moshakhas' is literally to give it a 'body' or 'form' so it can be seen clearly.

Aussprachehilfe

UK /be toʊre moʃækːhæs/
US /be toʊre moʊʃækːhæs/
The primary stress is on the last syllable of the whole phrase: 'khas'. A secondary stress falls on 'towr'.
Reimt sich auf
مخلص (mokhles) ناقص (naghes) شاخص (shakhes) خالص (khales) ترخیص (tarkhis) تشخیص (tashkhis) تخصیص (takhsis) تلخیص (talkhis)
Häufige Fehler
  • Pronouncing 'moshakhas' as 'moshakhas' without the double 'kh' sound (tashdid).
  • Dropping the 'e' (Ezafe) between 'towr' and 'moshakhas'.
  • Pronouncing the 'o' in 'towr' like the 'ou' in 'out' (it should be like 'o' in 'go').
  • Using a soft 'h' instead of the guttural 'kh'.
  • Stressing the first syllable 'be'.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 3/5

Easy to recognize in text once you know the 'be towr-e' pattern.

Schreiben 4/5

Requires correct spelling of 'مشخص' and proper placement.

Sprechen 5/5

Requires mastering the Ezafe sound and the 'tashdid' on the 'kh'.

Hören 4/5

Can be missed in fast speech if the Ezafe is shortened.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

به (be) طور (towr) مشخص (moshakhas) دقیق (daghigh) اشاره (ashare)

Als Nächstes lernen

صریحاً (sarihan) منحصراً (monhaseran) به‌ویژه (be-vije) علی‌الخصوص (al-al-khosus) تبیین کردن (tabyin kardan)

Fortgeschritten

تخصیص دادن (takhsis dadan) تفکیک کردن (tafkik kardan) تدقیق (tadghigh) مؤکداً (mo'akedan) به نحو مقتضی (be nahv-e moghtazi)

Wichtige Grammatik

Ezafe Construction

The 'e' in 'towr-e' connects the noun to the adjective to create an adverbial phrase.

Prepositional Adverbs

Using 'be' + 'towr/surat/nahv' + adjective is a standard way to form adverbs in Persian.

Adverb Placement

Adverbs usually come before the verb they modify.

Negative Verb Syntax

When using 'be towr-e moshakhas' with a negative verb, it often implies a lack of precision rather than a total lack of action.

Tashdid (Consonant Gemination)

The double 'kh' in 'moshakhas' must be pronounced clearly in formal registers.

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Beispiele nach Niveau

1

این رنگ به طور مشخص قرمز است.

This color is specifically red.

Simple use of adverb to define a color.

2

او به طور مشخص به من نگاه کرد.

He specifically looked at me.

Used with the verb 'look' (negah kardan).

3

من به طور مشخص این نان را می‌خواهم.

I specifically want this bread.

Used with 'want' (khastan).

4

نام او به طور مشخص در لیست نیست.

His name is specifically not on the list.

Negative sentence structure.

5

آیا به طور مشخص این را گفتی؟

Did you specifically say this?

Simple question format.

6

خانه ما به طور مشخص در این کوچه است.

Our house is specifically in this alley.

Locational adverbial use.

7

او به طور مشخص ساعت هشت آمد.

He specifically came at eight o'clock.

Used with time expressions.

8

این کتاب به طور مشخص برای تو است.

This book is specifically for you.

Used to denote possession/target.

1

لطفاً به طور مشخص بگویید چه می‌خواهید.

Please say specifically what you want.

Imperative form with clarification.

2

او به طور مشخص از گربه‌ها می‌ترسد.

He is specifically afraid of cats.

Modifying a state of being (fear).

3

ما به طور مشخص در مورد درس صحبت کردیم.

We specifically talked about the lesson.

Past tense narrative.

4

این کلید به طور مشخص برای این در است.

This key is specifically for this door.

Defining purpose.

5

او به طور مشخص به برادرش کمک کرد.

He specifically helped his brother.

Identifying the recipient of an action.

6

من به طور مشخص این فیلم را دوست ندارم.

I specifically do not like this movie.

Emphasizing a negative preference.

7

او به طور مشخص نام من را صدا زد.

He specifically called my name.

Focusing on a specific auditory signal.

8

آیا به طور مشخص به او زنگ زدی؟

Did you specifically call him?

Interrogative focus.

1

مدیر به طور مشخص به مشکلات مالی اشاره کرد.

The manager specifically referred to financial problems.

Formal verb 'ashare kardan' (to refer).

2

این قانون به طور مشخص برای حفظ محیط زیست است.

This law is specifically for protecting the environment.

Abstract noun modification.

3

او به طور مشخص از پاسخ دادن به سوال فرار کرد.

He specifically avoided answering the question.

Modifying an infinitive phrase.

4

ما باید به طور مشخص اهداف خود را بنویسیم.

We must specifically write down our goals.

Modal verb 'bayad' (must).

5

نویسنده به طور مشخص در مورد صلح می‌نویسد.

The author specifically writes about peace.

Professional context.

6

این دارو به طور مشخص برای کاهش درد است.

This medicine is specifically for reducing pain.

Medical/technical usage.

7

او به طور مشخص از من خواست که اینجا بمانم.

He specifically asked me to stay here.

Reported speech emphasis.

8

آیا می‌توانید به طور مشخص بگویید چه ساعتی؟

Can you say specifically what time?

Request for precision.

1

گزارش به طور مشخص به نقش تکنولوژی در آموزش می‌پردازد.

The report specifically addresses the role of technology in education.

Verb 'pardakhtan' (to address/deal with).

2

او به طور مشخص از ذکر جزئیات حادثه خودداری کرد.

He specifically refrained from mentioning the details of the incident.

Formal negative action.

3

این پروژه به طور مشخص برای جوانان طراحی شده است.

This project has been specifically designed for youth.

Passive voice 'tarrahi shode ast'.

4

باید به طور مشخص معلوم شود که چه کسی مسئول است.

It must be specifically determined who is responsible.

Impersonal construction.

5

او به طور مشخص به تفاوت‌های فرهنگی اشاره کرد.

She specifically pointed out cultural differences.

Analytical focus.

6

این مقاله به طور مشخص فرضیه قبلی را رد می‌کند.

This article specifically rejects the previous hypothesis.

Academic critique.

7

دولت به طور مشخص بر روی تورم تمرکز کرده است.

The government has specifically focused on inflation.

Political/Economic context.

8

او به طور مشخص در مورد حقوق زنان سخنرانی کرد.

He specifically gave a speech about women's rights.

Social/Political context.

1

نظریه او به طور مشخص بر مبنای عقل‌گرایی استوار است.

His theory is specifically based on rationalism.

High-level philosophical verb 'ostovar budan'.

2

او به طور مشخص از پذیرش هرگونه مسئولیت سر باز زد.

He specifically refused to accept any responsibility.

Idiomatic formal verb 'sar baz zadan'.

3

این اثر هنری به طور مشخص به دوره قاجار تعلق دارد.

This artwork specifically belongs to the Qajar period.

Historical/Artistic attribution.

4

نویسنده به طور مشخص از استعاره برای بیان مقصود خود استفاده می‌کند.

The author specifically uses metaphor to express his intent.

Literary analysis.

5

قانون‌گذار به طور مشخص این مورد را استثنا کرده است.

The legislator has specifically excepted this case.

Legal terminology.

6

او به طور مشخص به ریشه‌های تاریخی این بحران پرداخت.

He specifically addressed the historical roots of this crisis.

In-depth analysis.

7

این تحقیق به طور مشخص متغیرهای اقتصادی را بررسی می‌کند.

This research specifically examines economic variables.

Scientific research context.

8

او به طور مشخص از منتقدان خود نام برد.

He specifically named his critics.

Direct confrontation in speech.

1

ساختار متن به طور مشخص از الگوهای کلاسیک پیروی می‌کند.

The structure of the text specifically follows classical patterns.

Sophisticated literary observation.

2

او به طور مشخص به پارادوکس‌های موجود در متن اشاره داشت.

He specifically alluded to the paradoxes present in the text.

Nuanced verbal phrase 'ashare dashtan'.

3

این سیاست به طور مشخص در تضاد با منافع ملی است.

This policy is specifically in conflict with national interests.

Political/Intellectual critique.

4

او به طور مشخص از ابزارهای زبانی برای اقناع مخاطب بهره جست.

He specifically utilized linguistic tools to persuade the audience.

Formal verb 'bahre jostan'.

5

تحلیل او به طور مشخص بر داده‌های آماری متمرکز بود.

His analysis was specifically focused on statistical data.

Academic precision.

6

نویسنده به طور مشخص به نقد مدرنیته در جوامع سنتی می‌پردازد.

The author specifically addresses the critique of modernity in traditional societies.

Sociological discourse.

7

او به طور مشخص از هرگونه قضاوت شتاب‌زده پرهیز کرد.

He specifically avoided any hasty judgment.

Ethical/Formal behavior.

8

این سند به طور مشخص حقوق مالکیت را تبیین می‌کند.

This document specifically elucidates property rights.

Formal legal verb 'tabyin kardan'.

Häufige Kollokationen

به طور مشخص ذکر کردن
به طور مشخص بیان کردن
به طور مشخص اشاره کردن
به طور مشخص هدف قرار دادن
به طور مشخص تعریف کردن
به طور مشخص معلوم بودن
به طور مشخص پاسخ دادن
به طور مشخص تمرکز کردن
به طور مشخص خواستن
به طور مشخص دیدن

Häufige Phrasen

به طور مشخص و واضح

— Specifically and clearly. Often used for double emphasis.

من به طور مشخص و واضح به او گفتم.

نه به طور مشخص

— Not specifically. Used to deny a precise detail.

او نه به طور مشخص، بلکه کلی حرف زد.

به طور مشخص برای...

— Specifically for... Used to denote a target.

این هدیه به طور مشخص برای تو است.

به طور مشخص در مورد...

— Specifically about... Used to define a topic.

ما به طور مشخص در مورد پول حرف زدیم.

به طور مشخص اشاره داشتن

— To have a specific reference to something.

این متن به طور مشخص به صلح اشاره دارد.

به طور مشخص معلوم شدن

— To become specifically clear/known.

نتایج فردا به طور مشخص معلوم می‌شود.

به طور مشخص تعیین کردن

— To specifically determine or set.

ما باید زمان را به طور مشخص تعیین کنیم.

به طور مشخص نام بردن

— To name specifically.

او از همه دوستانش به طور مشخص نام برد.

به طور مشخص مربوط بودن

— To be specifically related to.

این موضوع به طور مشخص به کار ما مربوط است.

به طور مشخص عمل کردن

— To act in a specific way.

او در این مورد به طور مشخص عمل کرد.

Wird oft verwechselt mit

به طور مشخص vs مخصوصاً

Makhsousan means 'especially' (preference), while Be Towr-e Moshakhas means 'specifically' (clarity).

به طور مشخص vs دقیقاً

Daghighan is for 'exactly' (precision in measurement/fact), while Be Towr-e Moshakhas is for 'distinctly'.

به طور مشخص vs مشخصاً

Moshakhasan is a one-word adverb synonym, but 'به طور مشخص' is more common in high-level prose.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"لب مطلب را به طور مشخص گفتن"

— To state the core of the matter specifically and without fluff.

او لب مطلب را به طور مشخص به ما گفت.

Neutral
"به طور مشخص خط و نشان کشیدن"

— To specifically draw lines (set boundaries or threaten) for someone.

او برای رقیبانش به طور مشخص خط و نشان کشید.

Informal/Idiomatic
"به طور مشخص روی کسی حساب کردن"

— To specifically count on someone.

من به طور مشخص روی کمک تو حساب کرده‌ام.

Neutral
"به طور مشخص حرف زدن"

— To talk straight/specifically without beating around the bush.

بیا به طور مشخص حرف بزنیم و وقت تلف نکنیم.

Neutral
"به طور مشخص انگشت گذاشتن روی چیزی"

— To specifically put one's finger on something (pinpoint it).

او به طور مشخص روی نقطه ضعف من انگشت گذاشت.

Idiomatic
"به طور مشخص زیر ذره‌بین گذاشتن"

— To specifically put something under the magnifying glass (scrutinize).

پلیس این پرونده را به طور مشخص زیر ذره‌بین گذاشته است.

Journalistic
"به طور مشخص در کانون توجه بودن"

— To be specifically in the center of attention.

این موضوع به طور مشخص در کانون توجه رسانه‌هاست.

Formal
"به طور مشخص پنبه کسی را زدن"

— To specifically ruin someone's reputation or 'beat' them (figuratively).

او در جلسه به طور مشخص پنبه رقیبش را زد.

Slang/Idiomatic
"به طور مشخص راه خود را جدا کردن"

— To specifically separate one's path/way from others.

او به طور مشخص راه خود را از حزب جدا کرد.

Political
"به طور مشخص سنگ خود را به سینه زدن"

— To specifically champion one's own cause.

هر کسی به طور مشخص سنگ خود را به سینه می‌زند.

Idiomatic

Leicht verwechselbar

به طور مشخص vs مشخص

It is the adjective form.

Moshakhas modifies nouns (clear/specific), while Be Towr-e Moshakhas modifies verbs (specifically).

یک دلیل مشخص (A specific reason) vs او به طور مشخص گفت (He specifically said).

به طور مشخص vs شخصی

Similar root (sh-kh-s).

Shakhsi means 'personal,' whereas Moshakhas means 'specific.'

نظر شخصی (Personal opinion) vs مورد مشخص (Specific case).

به طور مشخص vs شاخص

Similar root and sound.

Shakhes is a noun meaning 'index' or 'indicator.'

شاخص بورس (Stock index).

به طور مشخص vs تشخیص

Noun form of the same root.

Tashkhis means 'diagnosis' or 'identification.'

تشخیص پزشک (Doctor's diagnosis).

به طور مشخص vs مختص

Similar meaning 'exclusive/special.'

Mokhtas means 'dedicated to' or 'exclusive to' a certain group.

این پارک مختص بانوان است (This park is exclusive to women).

Satzmuster

A1

[Subject] [به طور مشخص] [Adjective] [Verb].

این سیب به طور مشخص شیرین است.

A2

[Subject] [به طور مشخص] [Noun] [Verb].

او به طور مشخص کتاب را آورد.

B1

[Subject] [به طور مشخص] به [Noun] [Verb].

او به طور مشخص به علی زنگ زد.

B2

به طور مشخص، [Sentence].

به طور مشخص، این طرح با شکست مواجه شد.

C1

[Subject] [به طور مشخص] از [Verb-ing] [Verb].

او به طور مشخص از پاسخ دادن طفره رفت.

C2

[Noun Phrase] [به طور مشخص] بر مبنای [Noun] [Verb].

این تحلیل به طور مشخص بر مبنای آمار استوار است.

All

آیا [به طور مشخص] [Verb]؟

آیا به طور مشخص گفتی نه؟

All

نه [به طور مشخص]، بلکه [Alternative].

نه به طور مشخص، بلکه کمی ناراحتم.

Wortfamilie

Substantive

شخص (shakhs) - person
شخصیت (shakhsiyat) - personality
تشخیص (tashkhis) - diagnosis/recognition
شاخص (shakhes) - index/indicator

Verben

مشخص کردن (moshakhas kardan) - to specify/identify
تشخیص دادن (tashkhis dadan) - to diagnose/recognize
شخصی‌سازی کردن (shakhsi-sazi kardan) - to personalize

Adjektive

مشخص (moshakhas) - specific/clear
شخصی (shakhsi) - personal
تشخیصی (tashkhisi) - diagnostic
شاخص (shakhes) - prominent

Verwandt

خصوصاً (khosus-an) - especially
دقیقاً (daghigh-an) - exactly
صریحاً (sarih-an) - explicitly
مستقیماً (mostaghim-an) - directly
رسماً (rasm-an) - officially
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frequency

High in written Persian, medium-high in spoken formal Persian.

Häufige Fehler
  • من به طور مشخص سیب دوست دارم. → من مخصوصاً سیب دوست دارم.

    Use 'makhsousan' for personal preferences (especially), not 'be towr-e moshakhas' (specifically/distinctly).

  • به طور مشخصِ او گفت... → او به طور مشخص گفت...

    Do not add an Ezafe after the whole phrase. The Ezafe is only *inside* the phrase (between towr and moshakhas).

  • این یک به طور مشخص دلیل است. → این یک دلیل مشخص است.

    You cannot use the adverbial phrase as an adjective. Use the simple adjective 'moshakhas' to modify a noun.

  • او به طور مشخس گفت. → او به طور مشخص گفت.

    Spelling mistake: Use 'ص' (sad), not 'س' (sin).

  • او گفت به طور مشخص. → او به طور مشخص گفت.

    Adverbs in Persian should generally precede the verb, not follow it.

Tipps

The Ezafe Glue

Never forget the 'e' sound in 'towr-e'. It's the glue that makes the phrase work. Practice saying 'towre' as one unit.

Vary Your Adverbs

If you've used 'به طور مشخص' once, try 'به‌ویژه' or 'دقیقاً' for the next point to keep your writing interesting.

Meeting Magic

Use this phrase when you want to stop a meeting from drifting. 'به طور مشخص، هدف ما چیست؟' (Specifically, what is our goal?) works like a charm.

The Tashdid Trap

Don't rush over the 'kh' in 'moshakhas.' Give it that extra millisecond of breath to sound like a pro.

Start Strong

Starting a sentence with 'به طور مشخص،' is a great way to introduce a key argument in an essay.

Root Recognition

Recognizing the 'sh-kh-s' root will help you learn words like 'shakhsiyat' (personality) and 'tashkhis' (diagnosis) much faster.

News Cues

When you hear this phrase on the news, get ready—the most important detail of the story is usually coming next.

Avoid Over-Formalizing

If you're buying bread, just point and say 'این.' Save 'به طور مشخص' for when you're explaining why that bread is the best in town.

Directness in Iran

Using this phrase is a polite way to be direct. It signals that you are being serious and factual, which can help bypass long 'Ta'arof' sessions.

Thesis Tool

Every good Persian thesis uses 'به طور مشخص' to define its research scope. It’s a must-know for students.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of a 'Tower' (towr) that is 'Most-shakhas' (moshakhas) - the most distinct tower in the city. You are pointing 'specifically' at that tower.

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a bright spotlight hitting one specific actor on a dark stage. That spotlight is 'به طور مشخص'.

Word Web

Clear Distinct Explicit Exact Detailed Pointed Defined Identified

Herausforderung

Try to describe your favorite movie using 'به طور مشخص' at least three times. For example, 'I specifically like the ending,' or 'The hero specifically uses a sword.'

Wortherkunft

The phrase is a Persian construction using Arabic loanwords. 'Be' (Persian preposition) + 'Towr' (Arabic 'tawr' meaning 'manner/state') + 'Moshakhas' (Arabic passive participle of 'shakh-kha-sa' meaning 'to specify/identify').

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: In a specified manner; in the state of being identified.

Indo-European (Persian) with Semitic (Arabic) vocabulary.

Kultureller Kontext

No specific sensitivities, but using it in very intimate or emotional family settings might make you sound cold or detached.

English speakers often use 'specifically' in both casual and formal contexts. In Persian, 'به طور مشخص' is much more restricted to formal/professional settings.

Used frequently in the 'Golestan' of Saadi in its root forms, though the modern phrase is more recent. A common phrase in the speeches of modern Iranian thinkers like Abdolkarim Soroush. Often heard in high-end Iranian cinema (e.g., Asghar Farhadi films) during intense arguments about truth and facts.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Academic Research

  • این تحقیق به طور مشخص بر...
  • به طور مشخص می‌توان گفت...
  • داده‌ها به طور مشخص نشان می‌دهند...
  • فرضیه به طور مشخص...

Business Meetings

  • به طور مشخص در مورد بودجه...
  • وظایف به طور مشخص تعیین شده‌اند.
  • هدف ما به طور مشخص...
  • به طور مشخص چه کسی مسئول است؟

Legal Matters

  • به طور مشخص در متن قانون...
  • متهم به طور مشخص اعتراف کرد.
  • حقوق شما به طور مشخص...
  • به طور مشخص استثنا شده است.

Medical Consultations

  • درد به طور مشخص در کجاست؟
  • این دارو به طور مشخص برای...
  • علائم به طور مشخص...
  • به طور مشخص پرهیز کنید.

News and Media

  • گزارشگر به طور مشخص اعلام کرد...
  • به طور مشخص به نقش...
  • آمار به طور مشخص...
  • به طور مشخص از سوی مقامات...

Gesprächseinstiege

"آیا می‌توانید به طور مشخص بگویید چه انتظاری از من دارید؟ (Can you say specifically what you expect of me?)"

"به طور مشخص، چه چیزی در این فیلم شما را جذب کرد؟ (Specifically, what in this movie attracted you?)"

"اگر بخواهیم به طور مشخص در مورد آینده حرف بزنیم، نظر شما چیست؟ (If we want to talk specifically about the future, what is your opinion?)"

"به طور مشخص، کدام بخش از فرهنگ ایران برای شما جالب‌تر است؟ (Specifically, which part of Iranian culture is more interesting to you?)"

"آیا به طور مشخص برای این سفر برنامه‌ریزی کرده‌اید؟ (Have you specifically planned for this trip?)"

Tagebuch-Impulse

امروز به طور مشخص چه کاری انجام دادید که به آن افتخار می‌کنید؟ (What did you specifically do today that you are proud of?)

به طور مشخص، سه هدفی را که برای ماه آینده دارید بنویسید. (Specifically, write three goals you have for the next month.)

یک خاطره را به طور مشخص با تمام جزئیاتش توصیف کنید. (Describe a memory specifically with all its details.)

به طور مشخص، چه ویژگی‌هایی در یک دوست برای شما مهم است؟ (Specifically, what qualities are important to you in a friend?)

در مورد یک کتاب که به طور مشخص بر زندگی شما تاثیر گذاشته بنویسید. (Write about a book that has specifically influenced your life.)

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

Yes, but it might make you sound very serious or formal. If you are asking a friend for a specific time, it's better to use 'دقیقاً' or just ask 'چه ساعتی؟' Use 'به طور مشخص' if you are having a serious discussion or clarifying a misunderstanding.

They mean the same thing. 'مشخصاً' is the Arabic-style adverb (with the tanvin 'an' ending). 'به طور مشخص' is the more common Persian-style adverbial phrase. In modern writing, 'به طور مشخص' is often preferred for its rhythm.

Rarely in classical poetry, as it is a modern prose construction. However, contemporary Persian poets might use it to create a deliberate 'prosaic' or 'analytical' tone in their work.

It is a voiceless velar fricative, like the 'ch' in 'Loch Ness' or 'Bach.' In 'مشخص,' you must 'double' the sound slightly (tashdid), so it feels like a short stop before the 'kh' sound: mo-shak-khas.

Yes, adding the 'y' at the end (y-e nesbat) makes it 'in a specific way.' It is slightly more descriptive and less 'adverbial' than the standard phrase, but both are used.

Absolutely! It is a perfect phrase for a job interview. It shows you are precise, professional, and can articulate your thoughts clearly. For example, 'I specifically (به طور مشخص) worked on this project.'

Most of the time, yes. Occasionally it can mean 'distinctly' or 'clearly,' as in 'The difference was specifically/distinctly visible.'

If you just say 'طور مشخص,' it is grammatically incomplete. It would be like saying 'manner specific' instead of 'in a specific manner.' The 'be' is essential.

You wouldn't say a person is 'به طور مشخص.' You would say 'He specifically (به طور مشخص) came to see you,' or 'He is a specific (مشخص) person.' The adverb modifies the action, not the person.

It is common in both, though Tajiks and Afghans might also use 'به گونهٔ مشخص' (be goona-ye moshakhas) which is a more 'pure' Persian equivalent of 'be towr-e'.

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writing

Write a sentence in Persian about a specific color you like using 'به طور مشخص'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Explain in Persian why you specifically chose to learn this language.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write a short paragraph about a problem in your city, focusing specifically on one cause.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Describe your favorite book and mention specifically why it is special.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write a formal request to a manager asking specifically for a meeting on Monday.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

How would you tell a doctor specifically where your pain is located?

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write a sentence using 'به طور مشخص' and its antonym 'به طور کلی'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Describe a specific person in your life and what makes them unique using the phrase.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write an academic-style sentence about a historical event.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Use the phrase to clarify a misunderstanding in a formal email.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write a sentence about a specific law or rule in your country.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Describe your daily routine, focusing specifically on your morning habit.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write a sentence about a specific scientific discovery.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Explain a specific goal you have for your career.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write a sentence about a specific food you cannot eat.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Describe a specific place you want to visit in Iran.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write a sentence using 'به طور مشخص' as a transition at the beginning.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Describe a specific movie scene that you liked.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write a sentence about a specific skill you are learning.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

How would you ask someone to be more specific in their explanation?

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Pronounce the phrase 'به طور مشخص' clearly, focusing on the 'Ezafe' and 'tashdid'.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Say in Persian: 'I specifically want this one.'

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Ask a coworker: 'Can you say specifically what the problem is?'

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Explain to a friend that you specifically like Persian music.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

State in a meeting: 'Specifically, we need more budget.'

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Say: 'He specifically mentioned your name.'

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Tell a doctor: 'The pain is specifically in my leg.'

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Argue: 'This law specifically does not apply here.'

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Confirm: 'Did you specifically say no?'

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Say: 'Specifically, I am looking for a job.'

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Say: 'He specifically looked at me.'

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Say: 'The professor specifically referred to the book.'

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Say: 'I specifically hate the cold.'

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Say: 'Specifically, this is the third time.'

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Say: 'He specifically avoided the question.'

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Say: 'We specifically talked about money.'

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Say: 'Specifically, I like Shiraz.'

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Say: 'He specifically called me yesterday.'

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Say: 'The results are specifically clear now.'

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Say: 'Specifically, what do you mean?'

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen to the sentence: 'او به طور مشخص به من زنگ زد.' Who did he call?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen: 'به طور مشخص، فردا تعطیل است.' Is tomorrow a holiday?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen: 'او به طور مشخص از خوردن قند پرهیز می‌کند.' What does he avoid?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen: 'مدیر به طور مشخص به تو اشاره کرد.' Who did the manager refer to?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen: 'این کتاب به طور مشخص برای کودکان است.' Who is the book for?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen: 'او به طور مشخص گفت که نمی‌آید.' Is he coming?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen: 'مشکل به طور مشخص از اینجاست.' Where is the problem?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen: 'او به طور مشخص به حقوق زنان پرداخت.' What was the topic?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen: 'به طور مشخص، ما برنده شدیم.' Did we win?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen: 'او به طور مشخص به رنگ قرمز علاقه دارد.' What is his favorite color?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen: 'گزارش به طور مشخص به فقر اشاره دارد.' What does the report mention?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen: 'او به طور مشخص از من کمک خواست.' What did he ask for?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen: 'به طور مشخص، زمان ما تمام شده است.' Do we have more time?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen: 'او به طور مشخص به این موضوع نپرداخت.' Did he address the topic?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen: 'این هدیه به طور مشخص برای تولد توست.' What is the gift for?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

/ 200 correct

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