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शरमाना

A2 verb #6,000 am häufigsten 10 Min. Lesezeit

शरमाना

sharmaana Top 6,000

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Erklärung शरमाना in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'sharmānā' is introduced as a basic verb for feeling shy. Learners focus on the present tense for simple self-expression. You learn to say 'I am shy' (Main sharmātā hoon) or 'Don't be shy' (Mat sharmāo). The focus is on the most common social situations like meeting new people or receiving a compliment. It's often taught alongside other basic emotions like 'khush' (happy) or 'dukh' (sad), helping you build a vocabulary to describe how you feel in new social environments. At this stage, you don't need to worry about complex nuances; just knowing it means 'to be shy' is enough to navigate basic conversations.

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At the A2 level, you begin to use 'sharmānā' in different tenses—past, present, and future. You start to understand the use of the postposition 'se' (from/with) to indicate who or what you are shy of. For example, 'Vah mujhse sharmāti hai' (She is shy of me). You also begin to recognize the word in simple stories or songs. You learn that 'sharmānā' is an intransitive verb and doesn't take 'ne' in the past tense. This level is about expanding the context of use, such as being shy at a party, in a classroom, or when trying to speak a new language.

At the B1 level, you explore the nuances between 'sharmānā' and its synonyms like 'sankoch karnā' (to hesitate) or 'ghabrānā' (to be nervous). You can describe more complex social dynamics, such as why someone might feel shy in a professional setting versus a personal one. You start using compound verb forms like 'sharmā jānā' to indicate a sudden onset of shyness. You also begin to understand the cultural value placed on 'sharm' (modesty) in Hindi-speaking societies and how it influences behavior. Your sentences become longer and more descriptive, explaining the causes and effects of shyness.

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At the B2 level, you can use 'sharmānā' in figurative and idiomatic ways. You understand that it can mean to 'put something to shame' by being superior (e.g., 'Your house's beauty makes palaces shy'). You are comfortable with all grammatical permutations and can use the word in formal debates or literary discussions. You understand the subtle difference between 'sharm' as a virtue and 'sharm' as a social barrier. You can also distinguish between the verb 'sharmānā' and the causative-like uses in poetry. Your comprehension of the word in fast-paced media like films and news is high.

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At the C1 level, you have a deep appreciation for the poetic and literary uses of 'sharmānā.' You can analyze how authors use the word to personify nature or to explore deep psychological states of characters. You understand the historical and Persian roots of the word and how it has evolved in the Indian context. You can use it fluently in complex socio-cultural critiques, discussing the role of 'sharm' in gender roles or traditional versus modern upbringing. You are sensitive to the register and know exactly when to use 'sharmānā' versus 'lajānā' or 'vinit honā' (to be humble) to achieve a specific rhetorical effect.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'sharmānā' is native-like. You can use the word with absolute precision in any context, from high literature to street slang. You understand its place in the vast web of Hindi-Urdu vocabulary and can play with its meanings for humor, irony, or profound emotional impact. You can translate the word into English or other languages while preserving its unique cultural 'scent,' acknowledging that 'shyness' is often an inadequate translation. You can provide expert-level explanations of its usage and historical development to others, and you can spot even the most subtle misuses of the word by non-native speakers.

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शरमाना in 30 Sekunden

शरमाना (sharmānā) means to feel shy or embarrassed.
It is an intransitive verb and very common in daily Hindi.
It often has a positive or romantic connotation in culture.
It is different from 'sharminda honā' which means feeling guilty.

The Hindi verb शरमाना (sharmānā) is a multifaceted term that primarily translates to 'to feel shy,' 'to be embarrassed,' or 'to feel bashful.' Rooted in the Persian-derived noun शर्म (sharm), which means shame or modesty, the verb form captures the internal state of self-consciousness. In South Asian culture, sharmānā isn't just a physiological reaction; it is often viewed through a socio-cultural lens of modesty and 'tehzeeb' (etiquette). When a person is praised, they might sharmānā; when a bride enters a room, she is expected to sharmānā; and when a child meets a stranger, they naturally sharmāte hain (they feel shy). It is essential to distinguish this from the English word 'shame,' which often carries a heavy, negative moral weight. In Hindi, while it can mean embarrassment from a mistake, it very frequently describes the 'sweet shyness' associated with romance, compliments, or social humility.

Core Concept: The act of withdrawing or showing modesty due to self-consciousness, whether out of guilt, humility, or romantic bashfulness.
Grammatical Nature: It is an intransitive verb, meaning it describes an action the subject does to themselves. It does not take a direct object in its standard sense.

जब मैंने उसकी तारीफ़ की, तो वह शरमा गई। (When I praised her, she felt shy/blushed.)

In a broader context, the word is used to describe a sense of hesitation. If someone is reluctant to ask for help because they feel it might be a burden or look 'low' upon them, they are said to be sharmāing. However, the most common everyday usage remains the physical manifestation of shyness—looking down, smiling slightly, and avoiding eye contact. In Bollywood songs, this word is a staple, often used to describe the heroine's reaction to the hero's advances. It signifies a virtuous modesty that is highly valued in traditional settings. Understanding sharmānā requires understanding the nuance between 'being ashamed' and 'being bashful.'

मेहमानों के सामने बच्चा शरमा रहा है। (The child is feeling shy in front of the guests.)

Furthermore, the word can be used figuratively. If a flower is so beautiful that it makes other flowers look dull, a poet might say the other flowers are sharmāing in its presence. This metaphorical use implies that the beauty of one thing 'shames' or 'overshadows' the other, causing it to 'hide its face' in shyness. This depth makes it a favorite for writers and poets who wish to personify nature or describe intense emotions without using clinical terms.

Social Context: In many Indian households, 'sharm' is considered a 'gehna' (jewelry) or an ornament of character, especially for younger people or women, indicating respect for elders and social boundaries.

इतना क्यों शरमा रहे हो? साफ़-साफ़ कहो। (Why are you being so shy? Speak clearly.)

Using शरमाना (sharmānā) correctly involves understanding its conjugation as a regular '-nā' ending verb. It follows the standard rules for tense and gender agreement. Because it is an intransitive verb, it does not use the 'ne' (ने) postposition in the past tense, which is a common relief for learners of Hindi. For example, 'She felt shy' is 'Vah sharmāyi' (वह शरमाई), not 'Usne sharmāyā.'

Present Tense: Used for habits or current states. Example: 'Main ajnabiyon se sharmātā hoon' (I feel shy with strangers).
Past Tense: Used for specific instances. Example: 'Vah photo khinchvātē samay sharmā gayī' (She felt shy while getting her photo taken).

ज़्यादा शरमाओ मत, खाना खाओ। (Don't be too shy, eat your food.)

In imperative sentences (commands or requests), sharmānā is often used in the negative to encourage someone to be more outgoing. 'Mat sharmāo' (Don't be shy) is a very common phrase used by hosts to guests who are hesitant to take more food. It can also be paired with auxiliary verbs like 'gayā' to show a change in state: 'sharmā gayā' (he became shy). This 'gayā' addition emphasizes the suddenness of the reaction, like a sudden blush.

लड़कियाँ अक्सर अपनी शादी में शरमाती हैं। (Girls often feel shy at their weddings.)

In formal writing, you might see the noun form 'sharm' used with 'ānā' (to come). 'Mujhe sharm aa rahi hai' literally means 'Shyness is coming to me,' but translates to 'I am feeling shy.' While 'sharmānā' is the verb, 'sharm ānā' is the idiomatic expression of the feeling. Both are interchangeable in most casual contexts, but 'sharmānā' feels more active and descriptive of the behavior itself rather than just the internal emotion.

Future Tense: Predicting a reaction. Example: 'Agar tum use dekhoge, to vah sharmāyegi' (If you look at her, she will feel shy).

वह अपनी ग़लती पर शरमा रहा था। (He was feeling embarrassed about his mistake.)

If you walk into a traditional Indian wedding, शरमाना (sharmānā) is practically the theme of the evening. Relatives will tease the groom, and friends will tease the bride, leading to plenty of opportunities for people to sharmā. You will hear aunties saying, 'Dekho, dulhan kitni sharmā rahi hai!' (Look, how shy the bride is feeling!). In this context, the word is celebratory and carries a positive, almost aesthetic value. It represents the 'sweetness' of the occasion.

Bollywood & Pop Culture: Songs are filled with this word. Lyrics like 'Sharmā ke vo ghabrā ke vo' (Feeling shy and nervous) describe the classic romantic encounter. It’s the quintessential reaction of a protagonist in love.

फिल्मों में हीरोइन अक्सर शरमाकर भाग जाती है। (In movies, the heroine often runs away after feeling shy.)

In a modern professional setting in cities like Mumbai or Delhi, the word might be used slightly differently. A boss might tell an employee, 'Don't be shy to share your ideas' (Apne ideas batāne mein mat sharmāo). Here, it moves away from romantic modesty and toward social confidence. However, even in professional settings, the word retains a gentleness. It suggests that the person is holding back out of a sense of reserve rather than lack of knowledge.

बच्चे नए लोगों से मिलने पर शरमाते हैं। (Children feel shy when meeting new people.)

You will also hear this word in comedic settings. If someone is acting overly modest or pretending to be shy to get attention, friends might mock them by saying 'Badi sharm aa rahi hai tujhe?' (Are you feeling very shy?). This highlights how the word can be used playfully to point out someone's affected behavior. In daily life, it's a very 'human' word—used to describe those small, vulnerable moments of social friction that everyone experiences.

Common Usage: Used 80% of the time in social/romantic contexts and 20% in contexts of genuine embarrassment or guilt.

उसे अपनी हिंदी बोलने में शर्म आती है। (He feels shy/embarrassed to speak Hindi.)

The biggest mistake learners make is confusing शरमाना (sharmānā) with शर्मिंदा होना (sharmindā honā). While both involve the root 'sharm,' they are used in very different scenarios. Sharmānā is 'to feel shy' (often positive or neutral), whereas sharmindā honā is 'to feel ashamed' or 'to be humiliated' (always negative). If you tell someone 'Main tumse sharminda hoon,' you are saying 'I am ashamed of you.' If you say 'Main tumse sharmātā hoon,' you are saying 'I feel shy around you.' Mixing these up can lead to very awkward social situations!

Confusion with 'Ghabrānā': 'Ghabrānā' means to be nervous or anxious. While shyness can involve nervousness, 'sharmānā' specifically implies a sense of modesty or self-consciousness about one's appearance or actions in front of others.

Incorrect: मैं अपनी ग़लती पर शरमा रहा हूँ। (I am feeling shy about my mistake - sounds odd.)
Correct: मैं अपनी ग़लती पर शर्मिंदा हूँ। (I am ashamed of my mistake.)

Another mistake involves the postposition. Learners often use 'ko' (को) instead of 'se' (से). In Hindi, you are shy 'from' someone, not 'to' someone. So, it should be 'Mujhse mat sharmāo' (Don't be shy of me). Using 'ko' would be grammatically incorrect and confusing to a native speaker. Additionally, remember that sharmānā is an intransitive verb. Do not use 'ne' (ने) in the past tense. It is 'Vah sharmāyā' (He felt shy), not 'Usne sharmāyā.'

वह स्टेज पर जाने से शरमाती है। (She is shy to go on stage.)

Lastly, don't over-rely on 'sharmānā' for serious moral shame. If you are talking about a major ethical failure, use words like 'lajjit' (formal) or 'sharmindā.' 'Sharmānā' is too light and 'cute' for serious transgressions. Using it for a crime or a major betrayal would make you sound like you don't understand the gravity of the situation.

Transitive Usage: Sometimes people try to use it as 'to make someone shy.' While 'sharmānā' can occasionally mean 'to put someone to shame' (figuratively), it's better to use 'sharmā denā' for that purpose.

तुम्हारी खूबसूरती चाँद को भी शरमा देगी। (Your beauty will put even the moon to shame/make it shy.)

Hindi is rich with words for shyness, each with its own flavor. Understanding these alternatives will make your Hindi sound more natural and sophisticated. The most common alternative to शरमाना (sharmānā) is लजाना (lajānā). While they are almost synonymous, lajānā is slightly more poetic and formal. It is derived from 'lajjā' (modesty/shame). If you are reading Hindi literature or listening to old ghazals, you will encounter lajānā more often than the colloquial sharmānā.

संकोच करना (Sankoch karnā): This means 'to hesitate' or 'to feel inhibited.' It is used when someone is shy about asking for something or speaking up in a formal meeting. It's more about mental hesitation than a physical blush.
झिझकना (Jhijhaknā): Similar to 'sankoch,' this means to falter or hesitate out of shyness or lack of confidence. 'Don't hesitate' is 'Jhijhako mat.'

वह अपनी बात कहने में संकोच कर रहा है। (He is hesitating/feeling shy to say his piece.)

Another related word is itranā (to show off). While it’s the opposite of sharmānā, they are often mentioned together in romantic contexts. A person might itranā (act coy/flirtatiously confident) and then sharmānā (feel shy) the next moment. This play of emotions is central to many traditional descriptions of personality. For a more psychological term, you might use antarmukhi (introverted), but this is a formal adjective rather than a verb describing a reaction.

नई बहू घर में बहुत लजा रही है। (The new daughter-in-law is feeling very bashful in the house.)

In terms of intensity, sharm se pānī-pānī honā is an idiom that means to be extremely embarrassed (literally 'to become water-water with shame'). This is much stronger than a simple sharmānā. If someone catches you in a lie, you don't just sharmā, you become pānī-pānī. Choosing the right level of 'shyness' or 'embarrassment' will help you communicate your feelings accurately.

Comparison Table

Sharmānā: General shyness/blushing.
Sharminda Honā: Feeling guilty/ashamed.
Lajānā: Bashful/poetic modesty.
Jhijhaknā: Hesitation due to shyness.

बिना किसी झिझक के बोलो। (Speak without any hesitation/shyness.)

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

In many Indo-European languages, words for 'shame' and 'shyness' share a root. In Hindi, 'sharmānā' leans much more toward the 'positive shyness' than the English 'shame' usually does.

Aussprachehilfe

UK /ʃər.mɑː.nɑː/

US /ʃər.mɑ.nɑ/

The primary stress is on the second syllable 'mā'.

Reimt sich auf

फरमाना (farmānā) गरमाना (garmānā) नजऱाना (nazrānā) आज़माना (āzmānā) मुस्कुराना (muskurānā) घबराना (ghabrānā) बताना (batānā) कमाना (kamānā)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing 'sh' as 's' (sarmānā - incorrect).
Shortening the final 'ā' (sharmān - incorrect).
Over-emphasizing the 'r' like an English 'r'.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 2/5

The word is easy to recognize in its root form but has many inflections.

Schreiben 3/5

Requires understanding of gender and tense agreement for the ending.

Sprechen 2/5

Pronunciation is straightforward for English speakers.

Hören 3/5

Can be confused with 'sharminda' or 'ghabrānā' in fast speech.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

शर्म (sharm) डर (dar) खुश (khush) बोलना (bolnā) देखना (dekhnā)

Als Nächstes lernen

संकोच (sankoch) झिझक (jhijhak) घबराना (ghabrānā) मुस्कुराना (muskurānā) इतराना (itranā)

Fortgeschritten

लज्जित (lajjit) विनम्र (vinamra) मर्यादा (maryādā) शालीनता (shālīntā) संकोची (sankochī)

Wichtige Grammatik

Intransitive Verb Agreement

वह (स्त्री) शरमाई। (She felt shy - No 'ne' used).

Postposition 'se'

मुझसे (from me) मत शरमाओ।

Causative Formation

शर्माना (to be shy) -> शर्मा देना (to make shy/shame).

Compound Verbs

शरमा जाना (to suddenly become shy).

Infinitive as Noun

उसका शरमाना (her shyness/being shy) मुझे अच्छा लगा।

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Beispiele nach Niveau

मैं शरमाता हूँ।

I feel shy.

Present tense, masculine singular.

तुम क्यों शरमा रहे हो?

Why are you being shy?

Present continuous, masculine singular.

मत शरमाओ।

Don't be shy.

Imperative (negative).

वह बहुत शरमाती है।

She feels very shy.

Present tense, feminine singular.

क्या तुम शरमाते हो?

Do you feel shy?

Interrogative, present tense.

बच्चा शरमा गया।

The child became shy.

Past tense with auxiliary 'gayā'.

शरमाना अच्छी बात है।

Being shy is a good thing.

Gerund usage (verb as a noun).

वह मुझसे शरमाता है।

He is shy of me.

Use of postposition 'se'.

कल वह पार्टी में बहुत शरमाई।

Yesterday she was very shy at the party.

Simple past tense, feminine.

ज़्यादा मत शरमाओ, खाना लो।

Don't be too shy, take some food.

Imperative with 'mat'.

वह अपनी हिंदी के कारण शरमा रहा था।

He was feeling shy because of his Hindi.

Past continuous.

क्या तुम अजनबियों से शरमाते हो?

Are you shy with strangers?

General question.

वह फोटो के लिए शरमा रही है।

She is feeling shy for the photo.

Present continuous.

जब सबने ताली बजाई, तो वह शरमा गया।

When everyone clapped, he felt shy.

Complex sentence with 'jab... to'.

मैं स्टेज पर जाने से शरमाता हूँ।

I am shy of going on stage.

Infinitive + postposition 'se'.

वह अपनी माँ के पीछे शरमा कर छुप गई।

She felt shy and hid behind her mother.

Conjunctive participle 'sharmā kar'.

तुम्हें अपनी बात कहने में शरमाना नहीं चाहिए।

You shouldn't be shy about saying what you think.

Use of 'chāhiye' (should).

वह अपनी पुरानी तस्वीरों को देखकर शरमा गई।

She felt shy/embarrassed looking at her old photos.

Past tense with compound verb.

मेहमानों के सामने शरमाना बंद करो।

Stop being shy in front of the guests.

Imperative with 'band karo'.

अगर तुम शरमाओगे, तो तुम्हें कुछ नहीं मिलेगा।

If you are shy, you won't get anything.

Conditional sentence.

वह लड़का लड़कियों से बहुत शरमाता है।

That boy is very shy around girls.

Social context.

इतना शरमाना भी ठीक नहीं है।

Being this shy is also not right.

Adverbial 'itnā'.

वह अपनी सफलता पर शरमा रही थी।

She was feeling bashful about her success.

Nuance of humility.

जब मैंने उसकी तारीफ की, तो वह शरमा कर मुस्कुराया।

When I praised him, he felt shy and smiled.

Reactionary shyness.

उसकी आवाज़ की मधुरता कोयल को भी शरमा देती है।

The sweetness of her voice puts even the cuckoo to shame.

Figurative/Causative use.

वह अपनी ग़लती स्वीकार करने में शरमा रहा है।

He is hesitating/feeling shy to admit his mistake.

Abstract usage.

नई दुल्हन का शरमाना स्वाभाविक है।

It is natural for a new bride to feel shy.

Cultural norm.

बिना शरमाए अपनी समस्या बताओ।

Tell your problem without being shy.

Adverbial 'binā sharmāe'.

वह भीड़ के सामने बोलने से नहीं शरमाता।

He is not shy about speaking in front of a crowd.

Negative capability.

उसकी आँखों में एक अजीब सा शरमाना था।

There was a strange kind of shyness in her eyes.

Noun-like usage of the infinitive.

वह अपनी गरीबी के कारण लोगों से शरमाता था।

He used to feel shy/embarrassed before people because of his poverty.

Socio-economic context.

आजकल के बच्चे कहाँ शरमाते हैं!

Children nowadays don't feel shy at all!

Exclamatory/Sarcastic.

उसकी सादगी बड़े-बड़े महलों को शरमा देती है।

Her simplicity puts even grand palaces to shame.

Metaphorical personification.

लेखक ने नायिका के शरमाने का बहुत सुंदर वर्णन किया है।

The author has beautifully described the heroine's shyness.

Literary analysis.

वह समाज के तानों से शरमा कर घर से बाहर नहीं निकलता।

Feeling shy/embarrassed by society's taunts, he doesn't leave the house.

Social pressure context.

भारतीय संस्कृति में शरमाना एक स्त्री का गहना माना जाता रहा है।

In Indian culture, shyness has been considered an ornament of a woman.

Cultural critique/statement.

वह अपनी कला के बारे में बात करते हुए थोड़ा शरमा जाता है।

He gets a bit shy while talking about his art.

Nuanced personality trait.

बिना किसी संकोच या शरमाने के अपनी राय दें।

Give your opinion without any hesitation or shyness.

Formal instruction.

उसका शरमाना उसकी मासूमियत का प्रमाण है।

Her shyness is proof of her innocence.

Philosophical observation.

वह अपनी कमियों को लेकर शरमाने के बजाय उन्हें सुधारने में लगा है।

Instead of being shy/embarrassed about his flaws, he is busy improving them.

Contrastive structure.

प्रकृति का सौंदर्य ऐसा है कि वह कृत्रिम सजावट को शरमा दे।

Nature's beauty is such that it would put artificial decoration to shame.

High literary metaphor.

उसके व्यक्तित्व में एक अंतर्निहित शरमाना है जो उसे औरों से अलग करता है।

There is an inherent shyness in his personality that sets him apart from others.

Advanced psychological description.

वह अपनी प्रशंसा सुनकर ऐसे शरमाई जैसे कोई नन्हीं कली।

Hearing her praise, she felt shy like a little bud.

Poetic simile.

क्या यह शरमाना केवल एक मुखौटा है या उसका वास्तविक स्वभाव?

Is this shyness merely a mask or her true nature?

Philosophical inquiry.

उसने अपनी विफलता को शरमाने का विषय नहीं बनाया।

He did not make his failure a matter of embarrassment/shyness.

Abstract noun phrase.

वह अपनी जड़ों के बारे में बात करने से कभी नहीं शरमाता।

He never feels shy/embarrassed to talk about his roots.

Identity context.

उसकी आँखों का वह झुकना और शरमाना सब कुछ कह गया।

That lowering of her eyes and her shyness said everything.

Non-verbal communication.

आधुनिक युग में 'शरमाना' शब्द के मायने बदलते जा रहे हैं।

In the modern era, the meanings of the word 'sharmanā' are changing.

Sociolinguistic observation.

Synonyme

लजाना (lajānā) झिझकना (jhijhaknā) संकोच करना (sankoch karnā) हया करना (hayā karnā) सकुचाना (sakuchānā) दबना (dabnā) कतराना (katrānā) शर्म महसूस करना (sharm mehsūs karnā)

Gegenteile

इतराना (itranā) निडर होना (nidar honā) बेबाक होना (bebāk honā) घमंड करना (ghamand karnā)

Häufige Kollokationen

बहुत शरमाना

शरमा कर कहना

देखकर शरमाना

बात करने में शरमाना

अजनबियों से शरमाना

मुझसे शरमाना

तारीफ़ पर शरमाना

हल्का सा शरमाना

भीड़ में शरमाना

फोटो में शरमाना

Häufige Phrasen

शर्माओ मत

— Don't be shy. Used to encourage someone to be more open.

शर्माओ मत, अपनी बात कहो।

शरमा कर लाल होना

— To turn red with shyness/blushing.

वह शरमा कर लाल हो गई।

शरमा कर भाग जाना

— To run away out of shyness.

वह शरमा कर कमरे से भाग गई।

शरमाने की क्या बात है?

— What is there to be shy about?

इसमें शरमाने की क्या बात है?

बहुत शरम आती है

— I feel very shy.

मुझे स्टेज पर जाने में बहुत शरम आती है।

शरमाते क्यों हो?

— Why are you being shy?

तुम मुझसे शरमाते क्यों हो?

शरमा कर नज़रें झुकाना

— To lower one's eyes in shyness.

उसने शरमा कर नज़रें झुका लीं।

शरमाना छोड़ो

— Stop being shy.

अब शरमाना छोड़ो और नाचो।

बड़ी शरम आ रही है

— Feeling a lot of shyness (often used sarcastically).

आज तुम्हें बड़ी शरम आ रही है!

शरमाते हुए मुस्कुराना

— To smile while being shy.

वह शरमाते हुए मुस्कुराई।

Wird oft verwechselt mit

शरमाना vs शर्मिंदा (sharmindā)

Means 'ashamed' or 'guilty.' Use this for mistakes, not for shyness.

शरमाना vs घबराना (ghabrānā)

Means 'to be nervous.' Shyness can cause nervousness, but they are distinct.

शरमाना vs डरना (darnā)

Means 'to be afraid.' Being shy is not the same as being scared.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"शर्म से पानी-पानी होना"

— To be extremely embarrassed or ashamed.

चोरी पकड़े जाने पर वह शर्म से पानी-पानी हो गया।

Colloquial

"आँखों में शर्म होना"

— To have a sense of modesty or decency.

उसकी आँखों में ज़रा भी शर्म नहीं है।

Neutral

"शर्म को बेच खाना"

— To have no shame left at all.

उसने तो शर्म को बेच खाया है।

Informal/Criticism

"शर्म का घूँट पीना"

— To endure embarrassment silently.

उसे सबके सामने शर्म का घूँट पीना पड़ा।

Literary

"शर्म से गड़ जाना"

— To be so embarrassed that one wants to sink into the ground.

अपनी बेइज्जती सुनकर वह शर्म से गड़ गया।

Idiomatic

"लाज रखना"

— To protect someone's honor or modesty.

भगवान सबकी लाज रखे।

Traditional

"शर्मसार करना"

— To make someone feel deeply ashamed.

उसकी हरकतों ने पूरे परिवार को शर्मसार कर दिया।

Formal

"पर्दा करना"

— To hide or veil oneself out of shyness/tradition.

गाँव में औरतें आज भी पर्दा करती हैं।

Cultural

"नज़रें नीची करना"

— To lower eyes (sign of shyness or shame).

उसने शर्म के मारे नज़रें नीची कर लीं।

Neutral

"घूँघट की ओट में"

— Behind the veil (symbol of shyness).

वह घूँघट की ओट में शरमा रही थी।

Poetic

Leicht verwechselbar

शरमाना vs शर्मिंदा (sharmindā)

Shared root 'sharm'.

'Sharmānā' is a reaction of shyness (often positive); 'sharmindā' is a state of guilt or humiliation (always negative).

मैं अपनी गलती पर शर्मिंदा हूँ (I am ashamed of my mistake).

शरमाना vs झिझकना (jhijhaknā)

Both involve hesitation.

'Jhijhaknā' is more about the lack of confidence in taking action; 'sharmānā' is more about the feeling of being seen or praised.

मदद माँगने में झिझको मत (Don't hesitate to ask for help).

शरमाना vs संकोच (sankoch)

Both mean shy/hesitant.

'Sankoch' is formal and mental; 'sharmānā' is colloquial and can be physical (blushing).

मुझे यहाँ बैठने में संकोच हो रहा है (I am feeling hesitant to sit here).

शरमाना vs लजाना (lajānā)

Exact synonyms.

'Lajānā' is used in poetry and high literature; 'sharmānā' is used in daily life.

मृगनयनी लजा गई (The fawn-eyed one felt shy).

शरमाना vs सकुचाना (sakuchānā)

Similar meaning.

'Sakuchānā' implies a physical 'shrinking' or 'cringing' out of shyness or discomfort.

वह भीड़ में सकुचा गई (She shrank back/felt shy in the crowd).

Satzmuster

मैं [adverb] शरमाता हूँ।

मैं बहुत शरमाता हूँ।

तुम [person] से क्यों शरमाते हो?

तुम मुझसे क्यों शरमाते हो?

[verb stem]ने में शरमाना नहीं चाहिए।

पूछने में शरमाना नहीं चाहिए।

[Subject] [Subject] को शरमा देता है।

यह फूल गुलाब को शरमा देता है।

बिना शरमाए [imperative].

बिना शरमाए अपनी बात कहो।

[noun] का शरमाना [adjective] है।

उसका शरमाना एक कला है।

वह [action] करते समय शरमा गई।

वह गाना गाते समय शरमा गई।

जब [clause], तो वह शरमा गया।

जब मैंने उसे देखा, तो वह शरमा गया।

Wortfamilie

Substantive

शर्म (sharm) Shyness/Shame

शर्मीला (sharmīlā) Shy person (adjective used as noun)

शर्मिंदगी (sharmindagī) Embarrassment/Shame

Verben

शर्मिंदा करना (sharmindā karnā) To embarrass someone

शर्मा देना (sharmā denā) To make someone feel shy

Adjektive

शर्मीला (sharmīlā) Shy (masculine)

शर्मीली (sharmīlī) Shy (feminine)

शर्मिंदा (sharmindā) Ashamed/Embarrassed

Verwandt

हया (hayā)

लज्जा (lajjā)

संकोच (sankoch)

झिझक (jhijhak)

मर्यादा (maryādā)

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So verwendest du es

frequency

Very common in everyday speech and media.

Häufige Fehler

Usne sharmāyā. → Vah sharmāyā.
'Sharmānā' is intransitive; do not use the 'ne' postposition in the past tense.
Main tumko sharmātā hoon. → Main tumse sharmātā hoon.
Use the postposition 'se' (from/with) for the person you are shy of.
I am sharmānā. → Main sharmā rahā hoon.
You must conjugate the verb; you cannot use the infinitive with 'am'.
Using it for 'shame' of a crime. → Using 'sharminda' or 'lajjit'.
'Sharmānā' is too light for serious moral shame.
Pronouncing 'sh' as 's'. → Shar-mā-nā.
The 'sh' sound is distinct in Hindi; 'sarmānā' is a different sound.

Tipps

The 'Nakhra' Connection

Shyness is often part of 'nakhra' (playful coyness) in South Asian romantic dynamics. Understanding this helps you interpret Bollywood better.

No 'Ne' in Past Tense

Since it's intransitive, never use 'ne' with the subject in the past tense. It's always 'Vah sharmāyā' (He felt shy).

Encouraging Guests

Always tell your guests 'sharmāo mat' when serving food. It makes them feel more welcome and comfortable.

Shy vs. Ashamed

Keep 'sharmānā' for shyness and 'sharminda' for guilt. This is the most important distinction to maintain.

The Long 'A'

Make sure to clearly pronounce the final 'ā' in 'sharmānā'. If you cut it short, it sounds like the noun 'sharmān' (a name).

Metaphorical Beauty

Use 'sharmā denā' to compliment someone's beauty by saying it makes the moon or flowers feel shy.

Song Lyrics

Listen for this word in Bollywood 'item songs' or romantic ballads; it's almost always there!

Gender Matching

Always check if your subject is male or female to get the 'ā' or 'ī' ending right.

Tone Matters

A playful tone with 'sharmāo mat' is friendly; a serious tone might sound like you're criticizing their shyness.

Word Associations

Associate 'sharmānā' with 'sharmīlā' (shy person) to remember both the verb and the adjective together.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Imagine a person named 'SHARMA' who is very shy. Every time someone says his name, he feels SHARMA-nā.

Visuelle Assoziation

Visualize a bright red tomato. When someone feels 'sharmānā', their face turns red like a tomato.

Word Web

Shyness Blushing Modesty Bride Compliment Embarrassment Hesitation Red cheeks

Herausforderung

Try to use 'sharmānā' in a sentence today when you feel slightly hesitant or when you see someone else being shy.

Wortherkunft

Derived from the Persian word 'sharm' (شرم), which entered Hindi-Urdu through the influence of Persian literature and the Mughal court. The suffix '-nā' is the standard Hindi infinitive marker.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: The root 'sharm' in Persian means shame, modesty, or bashfulness.

Indo-Aryan (Hindi) with Indo-Iranian (Persian) roots.

Kultureller Kontext

Be careful not to label someone as 'besharm' (shameless) unless you mean to be very offensive. It is much harsher than 'not shy'.

English speakers might find the positive connotation of 'sharm' strange, as 'shame' is almost always negative in English. In Hindi, it's closer to 'bashful' or 'modest'.

The song 'Sharmā ke ye kyun sab pūchh rahe' from Bollywood movies. The character of the 'shy bride' in classic literature. Common TV tropes where the hero makes the heroine sharmānā.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Social Gatherings

मेहमानों से मत शरमाओ
वह बहुत शरमीला है
सबके सामने शरमाना
बात करने में शरमाना

Romance

उसे देखकर शरमाना
शरमा कर लाल होना
प्यार में शरमाना
नज़रें झुका कर शरमाना

Learning/Classroom

सवाल पूछने में मत शरमाओ
गलत बोलने से शरमाना
टीचर से शरमाना
बोर्ड पर जाने में शरमाना

Professional

अपनी राय देने में शरमाना
मदद माँगने में शरमाना नहीं
बॉस से शरमाना
प्रेजेंटेशन में शरमाना

Family/Weddings

दुल्हन का शरमाना
रिश्तेदारों से शरमाना
बड़ों के सामने शरमाना
हंसी-मज़ाक में शरमाना

Gesprächseinstiege

"क्या आप बचपन में बहुत शरमाते थे?"

"आपको कब सबसे ज़्यादा शरम आती है?"

"क्या आपको अजनबियों से बात करने में शरम आती है?"

"भारतीय शादियों में दुल्हनें क्यों शरमाती हैं?"

"क्या शरमाना एक अच्छी आदत है या बुरी?"

Tagebuch-Impulse

उस समय के बारे में लिखें जब आप किसी के सामने बहुत शरमाए थे।

क्या आपको लगता है कि शरमाना आत्मविश्वास की कमी है? विस्तार से लिखें।

अपनी संस्कृति और भारतीय संस्कृति में 'शरमाने' के अंतर को स्पष्ट करें।

एक ऐसी कहानी लिखें जिसका मुख्य पात्र बहुत शर्मीला हो।

क्या आप कभी अपनी हिंदी बोलने की कोशिश में शरमाए हैं? अपना अनुभव साझा करें।

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

Not necessarily, but it is often viewed more positively than 'shame' in English. It can be a sign of modesty or respect, though it can also be a barrier to communication.

Yes, men can 'sharmānā' too! Use 'sharmātā hai' or 'sharmā gayā.' It's common when a man receives a compliment or is in a romantic situation.

'Sharmānā' is the verb ('to be shy'), while 'sharm ānā' is the noun phrase ('shyness is coming/feeling'). They are mostly interchangeable.

You can say 'sharmā kar lāl honā' (to turn red after feeling shy) or simply use 'sharmānā' as it implies the action of blushing.

The spelling is शरमाना (sharmānā). Some dialects might vary the pronunciation, but the standard is clear.

'Sharmāo mat' (informal) or 'Sharmiye mat' (formal/polite) or 'Sankoch mat kijiye' (very formal).

In some contexts, yes, but 'sharminda honā' is the much more common and accurate term for feeling ashamed of a wrong action.

It is intransitive. It describes the state of the subject. However, in poetic contexts, it can act like a transitive verb meaning 'to put to shame.'

The root is the Persian word 'sharm' (شرم).

It might sound a bit too informal or personal. 'Sankoch karnā' (to hesitate) is better for professional settings.

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