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B1 adjective 7 Min. Lesezeit

दुष्कर

dushkar
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At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'Dushkar' yet. You should focus on the word 'Kathin' (hard) or 'Mushkil' (difficult). However, it is good to recognize 'Dushkar' as a 'super-sized' version of 'Kathin'. Imagine something being so hard that you need a special, fancy word for it. That is 'Dushkar'. For now, if you see this word, just think 'very, very hard'. Examples: 'This work is hard' -> 'Yeh kaam kathin hai'. If it's a mountain climb, a book might say 'Yeh dushkar hai'. Just remember the 'Dus-' part usually means something difficult or negative in Hindi and Sanskrit. You won't hear this in a basic conversation about buying vegetables or asking for directions. It's a word you might see in a storybook about kings and queens when they have to go on a long, dangerous journey. Keep it in your 'passive vocabulary' for now – words you recognize but don't have to use yet.
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At the A2 level, you are starting to see more formal Hindi in signs, newspapers, or short stories. 'Dushkar' is an adjective you might encounter when reading about historical events or physical challenges. It is a formal word. If 'Kathin' is like 'hard' in English, 'Dushkar' is like 'arduous'. You can start using it to describe things that are physically exhausting, like 'Climbing a mountain' (Pahar par chadhna dushkar hai). Notice that 'Dushkar' does not change its ending based on the gender of the noun. Whether the task (kaarya - masculine) or the challenge (chunauti - feminine) is difficult, the word stays 'Dushkar'. This makes it easier to use than some other adjectives! Try to spot it in news headlines. If you see a headline about a 'Dushkar' situation, it means the government or the people are facing a very serious and tough time. It's a step up from daily conversation.
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At the B1 level, 'Dushkar' should become part of your active vocabulary, especially for writing. This is the level where you distinguish between registers (formal vs. informal). You should use 'Dushkar' when writing essays, formal letters, or giving a presentation. It describes tasks that require not just effort, but 'endurance' and 'persistence'. For example, 'Sanskrit seekhna dushkar ho sakta hai' (Learning Sanskrit can be arduous). It is often paired with abstract nouns. If you are talking about a goal (lakshya) that is very far away and hard to reach, 'Dushkar' is the perfect word. It suggests a sense of struggle. You should also be careful not to confuse it with 'Dushkarm' (evil deed). Remember: Dushkar = Hard to do; Dushkarm = Bad thing to do. Using 'Dushkar' correctly at this level shows that you are moving beyond basic communication into more nuanced, academic, or professional Hindi.
At the B2 level, you should be able to use 'Dushkar' to describe complex societal and philosophical issues. You will hear this word in political debates, documentaries, and high-level literature. At this stage, you should understand the nuance that 'Dushkar' often implies a 'noble struggle'. When a reformer tries to change society, their path is 'Dushkar'. It’s not just 'hard' like a math problem; it’s a test of their will. You should also be comfortable using it with intensive adverbs like 'atyant' (extremely) or 'param' (supremely). For example, 'Aatmanirbhar banna ek atyant dushkar prayas hai' (Becoming self-reliant is an extremely arduous effort). You should also recognize its antonyms like 'Sugam' (easy/accessible) and 'Saral' (simple) and be able to contrast them in a sentence. This word helps you express the gravity of a situation without needing to use many extra words.
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At the C1 level, you are exploring the literary and historical depths of 'Dushkar'. You should recognize its usage in classical Hindi and Sanskrit-influenced poetry (Chhayavad or Reetikal). Here, 'Dushkar' might describe the 'Dushkar Maarg' of a spiritual seeker or the 'Dushkar Tapasya' (arduous penance) of a sage. You should be able to use it in academic writing to discuss the 'Dushkar' nature of certain linguistic translations or philosophical interpretations. You understand that 'Dushkar' carries a cultural weight—it evokes the Indian value of 'Shram' (hard work) and 'Sadhana' (dedicated practice). You can use it metaphorically, perhaps describing a strained relationship that has become 'Dushkar' to maintain. Your usage should be precise, avoiding it in mundane contexts but deploying it for maximum impact in formal or creative writing. You also understand the etymological connection to other 'Dus-' words like 'Durbal' (weak) or 'Durgam' (inaccessible).
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At the C2 level, you have a native-like command of 'Dushkar'. You can play with the word in rhetorical speeches or highly specialized technical discourses. You might use it to critique a policy, calling it a 'Dushkar pariyojana' (an arduous/ill-conceived project) to imply that it is not just difficult, but perhaps unnecessarily so. You are aware of the subtle differences between 'Dushkar' and its near-synonyms like 'Dushadhya' (hard to control) or 'Khasht-saadhya' (achieved through pain). You can appreciate the use of 'Dushkar' in ancient texts like the Bhagavad Gita or the Ramayana, where the hero's journey is defined by 'Dushkar' feats. In your own speech, you use 'Dushkar' to add a touch of elegance or to signal a high level of education. You can also identify if a writer is using the word 'Dushkar' to create a specific 'Rasa' (aesthetic flavor) in their work, such as 'Veer Rasa' (heroic sentiment).
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दुष्कर in 30 Sekunden

  • Dushkar is a formal Hindi adjective meaning 'arduous' or 'formidable'.
  • It is derived from Sanskrit and used for tasks requiring great effort.
  • It is a higher register synonym for 'Kathin' or 'Mushkil'.
  • It remains invariant in gender and number when modifying nouns.
The Hindi word दुष्कर (Dushkar) is a sophisticated adjective that translates most accurately to 'arduous,' 'formidable,' or 'exceedingly difficult.' While the common word for 'hard' in Hindi is कठिन (Kathin) or मुश्किल (Mushkil), दुष्कर carries a weight of formality and gravity. It is derived from Sanskrit roots: the prefix दुस्- (Dus-) meaning 'bad,' 'difficult,' or 'hard,' and the root कर (Kar) meaning 'to do' or 'action.' Therefore, etymologically, it refers to something that is inherently 'hard to perform' or 'difficult to accomplish.'
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Formal and Literary. You will find this word in Hindi literature, news editorials, academic papers, and philosophical discourses. It is rarely used in casual street slang.

हिमालय की दुर्गम चोटियों पर चढ़ना एक अत्यंत दुष्कर कार्य है। (Climbing the inaccessible peaks of the Himalayas is an extremely arduous task.)

People use this word when they want to emphasize that a task isn't just hard, but requires immense endurance, specialized skill, or heroic effort. For instance, achieving world peace or solving a complex mathematical theorem after decades of failure would be described as दुष्कर.
Emotional Nuance
It often implies a sense of respect for the person attempting the task. To call someone's journey 'Dushkar' is to acknowledge their struggle and persistence.

भ्रष्टाचार को जड़ से मिटाना एक दुष्कर लक्ष्य प्रतीत होता है। (Eradicating corruption from its roots seems like an arduous goal.)

Understanding the difference between 'Kathin' and 'Dushkar' is a mark of a B1-B2 level learner. While a math problem might be 'Kathin' (hard), surviving in a desert without water is 'Dushkar' (arduous/nearly impossible).
Collocations
Commonly paired with 'Kaarya' (task), 'Maarg' (path), 'Lakshya' (goal), and 'Sadhana' (disciplined practice).

सत्य के मार्ग पर चलना अत्यंत दुष्कर होता है। (Walking on the path of truth is extremely difficult.)

पुरानी आदतों को छोड़ना एक दुष्कर चुनौती है। (Leaving old habits is an arduous challenge.)

बिना गुरु के ज्ञान प्राप्त करना दुष्कर है। (It is difficult to obtain knowledge without a teacher.)

In summary, दुष्कर is a word that elevates the description of difficulty from a mere inconvenience to a significant, life-testing challenge.
Using दुष्कर correctly involves understanding its role as an adjective that modifies nouns representing tasks, paths, or goals. It rarely modifies people directly; you wouldn't usually call a person 'Dushkar' (instead, you'd use 'Kathin' if they are difficult to deal with), but you would call their behavior or the task of pleasing them 'Dushkar.'
Sentence Structure
[Noun/Task] + [Adverb (optional)] + दुष्कर + [Verb (usually 'hona' or 'pratit hona')]. Example: 'Yeh kaam dushkar hai' (This task is arduous).

वैज्ञानिकों के लिए मंगल ग्रह पर जीवन खोजना दुष्कर है। (Finding life on Mars is arduous for scientists.)

When placed before a noun, it acts as a direct descriptor. For example, 'Dushkar paristithi' (an arduous situation). This usage is common in journalism to describe complex geopolitical crises.
Comparison with 'Kathin'
While 'Kathin' is the general word for hard, 'Dushkar' is reserved for things that seem almost impossible or require extraordinary effort. Think of 'Kathin' as 'Hard' and 'Dushkar' as 'Arduous'.

युद्ध के समय शांति बनाए रखना एक दुष्कर कार्य था। (Maintaining peace during wartime was an arduous task.)

You can also use intensive adverbs like 'atyant' (extremely) or 'param' (supremely) to further emphasize the difficulty.

उसकी शर्तों को मानना मेरे लिए दुष्कर हो गया है। (Accepting his conditions has become arduous/difficult for me.)

In classical poetry, the 'Dushkar Maarg' often symbolizes the spiritual path which is full of temptations and hardships. By using this word, you evoke a sense of tradition and deep Hindi vocabulary.

बिना तैयारी के परीक्षा देना दुष्कर परिणाम ला सकता है। (Giving an exam without preparation can bring difficult results.)

गरीबी में जीवन व्यतीत करना बहुत दुष्कर है। (Spending life in poverty is very arduous.)

Abstract Usage
It is frequently used for abstract concepts like 'Dushkar Sadhana' (arduous meditation) or 'Dushkar Sankalp' (difficult resolution).
The word दुष्कर is a staple in high-register Hindi environments. If you are watching a news broadcast on channels like DD News or Rajya Sabha TV (now Sansad TV), you will frequently hear anchors and politicians use this word to describe legislative hurdles or national challenges. It provides a level of gravitas that 'mushkil' simply cannot match.
News & Media
'अर्थव्यवस्था को सुधारना एक दुष्कर चुनौती है' (Improving the economy is an arduous challenge) is a common headline type.

बचाव दल के लिए बाढ़ प्रभावित क्षेत्रों में पहुंचना दुष्कर हो रहा है। (It is becoming arduous for the rescue team to reach flood-affected areas.)

In the world of Hindi literature and classical arts, दुष्कर appears in discussions about 'Tapasya' (penance) or 'Kala' (art). A musician might describe a particularly complex 'Raga' as 'Dushkar' to master.
Educational Context
Teachers use it to describe competitive exams like the UPSC or IIT-JEE. 'यह परीक्षा उत्तीर्ण करना दुष्कर है, पर असंभव नहीं' (Passing this exam is arduous, but not impossible).

संस्कृत व्याकरण को समझना एक दुष्कर कार्य माना जाता है। (Understanding Sanskrit grammar is considered an arduous task.)

You might also hear it in historical dramas or period films (like Baahubali or Padmaavat) where the dialogue is intentionally Sanskritized to create an epic atmosphere. When a king commands a hero to perform a nearly impossible feat, he will call it a 'Dushkar Kaarya.'

पर्वत को काटकर रास्ता बनाना अत्यंत दुष्कर था। (Making a path by cutting through the mountain was extremely arduous.)

सत्य बोलना कभी-कभी दुष्कर हो जाता है। (Speaking the truth sometimes becomes arduous.)

Legal and Administrative
In legal documents, 'Dushkar' might be used to describe 'hardship' or 'difficult circumstances' that prevent a party from fulfilling a contract.
While दुष्कर is a powerful word, its misuse can make a speaker sound 'unnaturally stiff' or simply incorrect. The most common mistake is using it in casual settings where a simpler word like 'mushkil' is required.
Register Mismatch
Avoid saying 'Samosa banana dushkar hai' (Making a Samosa is arduous) unless you are being intentionally ironic or dramatic. Use 'mushkil' for daily chores.

Incorrect: यह सवाल बहुत दुष्कर है। (This question is very arduous - sounds too heavy for a simple homework question.)

Another mistake is confusing दुष्कर (Dushkar) with दुष्कर्म (Dushkarm). While they share the 'Dus-' prefix, 'Dushkarm' means a 'wicked deed' or 'crime.' Calling a difficult task a 'Dushkarm' would change the meaning from 'hard' to 'evil.'
Spelling Errors
Learners often forget the 'sh' (ष) is a cerebral sibilant. Writing it as 'duskar' (with a dental 's') is a common spelling error in Devanagari.

Mistake: 'Dushkar' used for physical pain. 'Mere pairon mein dushkar dard hai' (Incorrect). Pain is 'Asahniya' (unbearable) or 'Tez' (sharp).

Mistake: Confusing with 'Dushcharitra' (bad character). These are completely different concepts.

Mistake: Overusing it. If every small difficulty is 'Dushkar,' the word loses its impact. Save it for the big stuff!

Gender Agreement
Remember, it does not change to 'Dushkari' for feminine nouns. It is 'Dushkar chunauti' (f) and 'Dushkar kaarya' (m).
To truly master the semantic field of 'difficulty' in Hindi, one must compare दुष्कर with its synonyms. Each has a specific 'flavor.'
दुष्कर vs. कठिन (Kathin)
'Kathin' is the standard word for 'hard.' A math problem is Kathin. 'Dushkar' is more about the effort required. A marathon is Dushkar.
दुष्कर vs. मुश्किल (Mushkil)
'Mushkil' is of Urdu origin and is the most common conversational word. 'Dushkar' is the formal, Sanskrit-derived equivalent. Use 'Mushkil' with friends, 'Dushkar' in an essay.
दुष्कर vs. असाध्य (Asadhya)
'Asadhya' means 'impossible' or 'incurable.' If a task is 'Dushkar,' it is very hard but possible. If it is 'Asadhya,' it cannot be done.

Alternative: दुर्गम (Durgam) - specifically for 'difficult to reach' or 'impassable' paths.

Alternative: जटिल (Jatil) - specifically for 'complex' or 'intricate' problems like a puzzle.

Antonyms
The opposite of 'Dushkar' is सुगम (Sugam) - easy to perform/reach, or सरल (Saral) - simple.

Comparison: 'Sugam path' (Easy path) vs. 'Dushkar path' (Arduous path).

Comparison: 'Saral prashna' (Simple question) vs. 'Dushkar kaarya' (Arduous task).

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Beispiele nach Niveau

1

यह काम बहुत दुष्कर है।

This work is very arduous.

Simple Subject + Adjective + Verb 'hai'.

2

पहाड़ पर चढ़ना दुष्कर है।

Climbing the mountain is arduous.

Gerund (chadhna) used as a subject.

3

सच बोलना दुष्कर होता है।

Speaking the truth is difficult.

'Hota hai' implies a general truth.

4

यह रास्ता दुष्कर है।

This path is arduous.

Adjective modifying the noun 'raasta'.

5

बिना पानी के रहना दुष्कर है।

Staying without water is arduous.

Infinitive phrase as subject.

6

पढ़ाई करना कभी-कभी दुष्कर लगता है।

Studying sometimes feels arduous.

'Lagta hai' means 'feels' or 'seems'.

7

साइकिल चलाना दुष्कर नहीं है।

Riding a bicycle is not arduous.

Negative sentence using 'nahin'.

8

क्या यह दुष्कर कार्य है?

Is this an arduous task?

Interrogative sentence starting with 'kya'.

1

भारी बोझा उठाना एक दुष्कर कार्य है।

Lifting a heavy load is an arduous task.

Noun phrase 'ek dushkar kaarya'.

2

जंगल में रास्ता खोजना दुष्कर था।

Finding the way in the forest was arduous.

Past tense using 'tha'.

3

उसके लिए चुप रहना दुष्कर हो गया।

It became arduous for him to remain silent.

'Ho gaya' indicates a change in state.

4

नदी पार करना बहुत दुष्कर था।

Crossing the river was very arduous.

Adverb 'bahut' used for emphasis.

5

पुरानी आदतों को बदलना दुष्कर होता है।

Changing old habits is difficult.

Plural noun 'aadat-on' in oblique case.

6

यह परीक्षा पास करना दुष्कर लक्ष्य है।

Passing this exam is an arduous goal.

Adjective-Noun pair 'dushkar lakshya'.

7

अकेले यात्रा करना दुष्कर हो सकता है।

Traveling alone can be arduous.

'Ho sakta hai' expresses possibility.

8

क्या आपके लिए यह दुष्कर था?

Was this arduous for you?

Personal pronoun 'aapke liye'.

1

वैज्ञानिकों के लिए यह शोध दुष्कर रहा है।

This research has been arduous for scientists.

Perfective aspect 'raha hai'.

2

गरीबी से बाहर निकलना एक दुष्कर संघर्ष है।

Coming out of poverty is an arduous struggle.

Noun 'sangharsh' (struggle).

3

बिना किसी सहायता के घर बनाना दुष्कर था।

Building a house without any help was arduous.

Prepositional phrase 'bina kisi sahayata ke'.

4

नई भाषा सीखना दुष्कर लेकिन मजेदार है।

Learning a new language is arduous but fun.

Conjunction 'lekin' (but).

5

आज के युग में शांति बनाए रखना दुष्कर है।

Maintaining peace in today's era is arduous.

Locative phrase 'aaj ke yug mein'.

6

भ्रष्टाचार के खिलाफ लड़ना दुष्कर कार्य है।

Fighting against corruption is an arduous task.

'Ke khilaaf' (against).

7

उसे मनाना मेरे लिए दुष्कर प्रतीत होता है।

Persuading him seems arduous to me.

'Pratit hota hai' (seems/appears).

8

रेगिस्तान में पैदल चलना अत्यंत दुष्कर है।

Walking on foot in the desert is extremely arduous.

Intensifier 'atyant'.

1

जलवायु परिवर्तन को रोकना एक दुष्कर चुनौती है।

Stopping climate change is an arduous challenge.

Compound noun 'jalvayu parivartan'.

2

उसने इस दुष्कर कार्य को सफलतापूर्वक पूरा किया।

He successfully completed this arduous task.

Adverb 'safaltapurvak' (successfully).

3

समाज की कुरीतियों को मिटाना दुष्कर होता है।

Eradicating the evils of society is arduous.

Abstract noun 'kuritiyan' (social evils).

4

युद्ध के बाद देश का पुनर्निर्माण दुष्कर था।

The reconstruction of the country after the war was arduous.

'Punarnirman' (reconstruction).

5

बिना गुरु के शास्त्र पढ़ना दुष्कर माना जाता है।

Reading scriptures without a teacher is considered arduous.

Passive construction 'maana jaata hai'.

6

सत्य के मार्ग पर चलना दुष्कर तो है, पर फलदायक भी।

Walking on the path of truth is arduous, but also fruitful.

Correlative structure 'to... par' (is... but).

7

इस जटिल समस्या का समाधान खोजना दुष्कर है।

Finding a solution to this complex problem is arduous.

Adjective 'jatil' (complex) modifying 'samasya'.

8

पर्वतारोहियों के लिए यह चढ़ाई दुष्कर सिद्ध हुई।

This climb proved to be arduous for the mountaineers.

'Siddh hui' (proved to be).

1

साधना के माध्यम से मन को वश में करना दुष्कर है।

It is arduous to control the mind through spiritual practice.

Instrumental phrase 'ke maadhyam se'.

2

प्राचीन लिपियों का अर्थ निकालना एक दुष्कर बौद्धिक कार्य है।

Deciphering ancient scripts is an arduous intellectual task.

Adjective 'bauddhik' (intellectual).

3

स्वतंत्रता को बनाए रखना उसे प्राप्त करने से अधिक दुष्कर है।

Maintaining freedom is more arduous than attaining it.

Comparative 'se adhik' (more than).

4

साहित्यिक अनुवाद एक दुष्कर कला है।

Literary translation is an arduous art.

Adjective 'saahityik' (literary).

5

अन्याय के विरुद्ध आवाज़ उठाना दुष्कर संकल्प है।

Raising a voice against injustice is an arduous resolution.

Noun 'sankalp' (resolution).

6

गहन वन में लुप्त प्रजातियों को ढूंढना दुष्कर प्रयास है।

Finding extinct species in deep forests is an arduous effort.

Adjective 'lupt' (extinct/hidden).

7

दार्शनिक गुत्थियों को सुलझाना सदैव दुष्कर रहा है।

It has always been arduous to unravel philosophical knots.

Metaphorical use of 'gutthiyan' (knots/complexities).

8

इस ऐतिहासिक रहस्य का अनावरण करना दुष्कर प्रतीत होता है।

Unveiling this historical mystery seems arduous.

Noun 'anaavaran' (unveiling/disclosure).

1

मानवीय चेतना की गहराइयों को मापना एक दुष्कर दार्शनिक प्रश्न है।

Measuring the depths of human consciousness is an arduous philosophical question.

Genitive 'ki' linking abstract concepts.

2

राजनीतिक अस्थिरता के बीच आर्थिक सुधार करना दुष्कर है।

Implementing economic reforms amidst political instability is arduous.

'Ke beech' (amidst).

3

शून्य से शिखर तक की यात्रा अत्यंत दुष्कर होती है।

The journey from zero to the peak is extremely arduous.

Idiomatic 'shunya se shikhar tak'.

4

संस्कृत के काव्य-शास्त्रों का गहन अध्ययन दुष्कर साधना है।

The deep study of Sanskrit poetics is an arduous discipline.

Compound noun 'kaavya-shaastra'.

5

अहंकार का त्याग करना सबसे दुष्कर कार्य माना गया है।

Renouncing the ego is considered the most arduous task.

Superlative 'sabse dushkar'.

6

वैश्विक महामारियों का पूर्ण उन्मूलन एक दुष्कर लक्ष्य है।

The complete eradication of global pandemics is an arduous goal.

Noun 'unmoolan' (eradication).

7

बिना किसी पूर्वाग्रह के सत्य को देखना दुष्कर होता है।

It is arduous to see the truth without any prejudice.

'Bina kisi poorvagraha ke' (without any prejudice).

8

इतिहास की गलतियों को सुधारना एक दुष्कर प्रक्रिया है।

Correcting the mistakes of history is an arduous process.

Noun 'prakriya' (process).

Häufige Kollokationen

दुष्कर कार्य
दुष्कर मार्ग
दुष्कर चुनौती
दुष्कर लक्ष्य
दुष्कर साधना
दुष्कर परिस्थिति
दुष्कर संकल्प
दुष्कर यात्रा
अत्यंत दुष्कर
दुष्कर प्रतीत होना

Häufige Phrasen

दुष्कर कार्य को संभव बनाना

— To make an arduous task possible.

मेहनत से उसने दुष्कर कार्य को संभव बनाया।

दुष्कर मार्ग का चयन करना

— Choosing the difficult path (often for growth).

उसने हमेशा दुष्कर मार्ग का चयन किया।

दुष्कर चुनौती का सामना करना

— Facing an arduous challenge.

हमें इस दुष्कर चुनौती का सामना करना होगा।

दुष्कर परिस्थितियों में धैर्य रखना

— Keeping patience in difficult circumstances.

दुष्कर परिस्थितियों में धैर्य रखना ज़रूरी है।

दुष्कर लक्ष्य की ओर बढ़ना

— Moving towards an arduous goal.

वह अपने दुष्कर लक्ष्य की ओर बढ़ रहा है।

दुष्कर साधना का फल

— The fruit of arduous penance/practice.

यह उसकी दुष्कर साधना का फल है।

दुष्कर प्रतीत होने वाला

— Something that seems arduous.

यह दुष्कर प्रतीत होने वाला काम सरल निकला।

दुष्कर जीवन व्यतीत करना

— Living an arduous life.

वह बहुत दुष्कर जीवन व्यतीत कर रहा है।

दुष्कर बाधाओं को पार करना

— Overcoming arduous obstacles.

उसने सभी दुष्कर बाधाओं को पार किया।

दुष्कर निर्णय लेना

— Taking an arduous/tough decision.

कभी-कभी दुष्कर निर्णय लेना पड़ता है।

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"लोहे के चने चबाना"

— To perform an extremely difficult task (literally: to chew iron chickpeas).

यह नौकरी पाना लोहे के चने चबाने जैसा है।

Idiomatic
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