主夫 in 30 Sekunden
- A stay-at-home husband who manages the household.
- Often implies the wife is the primary earner.
- Reflects changing gender roles in Japan.
- Usage is increasing with modern family structures.
- Definition
- A husband who stays at home to take care of the household and children, while his wife works outside the home.
- Usage
- This term is used to describe a specific family dynamic where traditional gender roles are reversed. It's becoming more common in modern Japanese society as more women pursue careers and men take on more domestic responsibilities.
- Nuance
- While the term itself is neutral, the social perception and acceptance of it can vary. In some circles, it's seen as a sign of evolving gender roles and a partnership-based marriage, while in others, it might still carry some traditional expectations or even stigma.
最近、共働き家庭が増え、主夫という言葉もよく耳にするようになりました。
彼は専業主婦ではなく、主夫として家庭を守っています。
彼女はバリバリ働いているキャリアウーマンで、夫は主夫業に専念している。
- Basic Sentence Structure
- The word 主夫 (shufu) is a noun and can be used in similar sentence structures as other nouns. It often appears as the subject or object of a sentence, or as part of a descriptive phrase.
- Subject of the Sentence
- When 主夫 is the subject, it refers to a person who is a stay-at-home husband. For example, 「彼は主夫です。」 (Kare wa shufu desu. - He is a stay-at-home husband.)
- Describing Someone's Role
- You can use it to describe the role a person plays in their family. For instance, 「彼女の夫は主夫として家事をこなしている。」 (Kanojo no otto wa shufu toshite kaji o konashite iru. - Her husband is handling household chores as a stay-at-home husband.)
- In Compound Nouns
- It can also be part of compound nouns, though this is less common than its standalone use. For example, 「主夫の仕事」 (shufu no shigoto - the work of a stay-at-home husband).
- Questions about the Role
- When asking about someone's family situation, you might inquire, 「ご主人はお仕事は何をされていますか？主夫をされているのですか？」 (Go shujin wa oshigoto wa nani o sarete imasu ka? Shufu o sarete iru no desu ka? - What does your husband do for work? Is he a stay-at-home husband?)
私の友人は、妻のキャリアを応援するために主夫になった。
最近は主夫向けの料理教室もあるらしい。
新しいドラマでは、主夫が主人公の物語が描かれている。
- Everyday Conversations
- You'll hear this word in casual conversations among friends, family, and colleagues, especially when discussing family structures, child-rearing, or work-life balance. For example, someone might say, 「うちの夫は主夫なんだ。」 (Uchi no otto wa shufu nan da. - My husband is a stay-at-home husband.)
- Media and Entertainment
- The term is frequently used in Japanese television dramas, movies, anime, and manga. These portrayals often explore the challenges and joys of men taking on domestic roles, sometimes with humor and sometimes with seriousness. A drama might feature a character who is a devoted 主夫.
- News and Social Commentary
- News articles and discussions about societal changes, gender roles, and family economics might use the term 主夫 to refer to men who are primary caregivers. This often appears in articles discussing demographic shifts or evolving work patterns.
- Parenting Forums and Blogs
- Online communities for parents, especially those discussing division of labor or alternative family arrangements, will likely use the word. You might find blog posts titled 「主夫の日常」 (Shufu no nichijō - The Daily Life of a Stay-at-Home Husband).
- Workplace Discussions
- In some workplaces, particularly those with a focus on diversity and inclusion, discussions about parental leave or flexible working arrangements might touch upon the role of a 主夫.
テレビで、主夫が主人公のコメディドラマが始まった。
ママ友との会話で、うちの夫が主夫だと話したら、みんな驚いていた。
インターネットで「主夫の悩み」と検索すると、たくさんの体験談が出てくる。
- Confusing with 主婦 (Shufu - Housewife)
- The most common mistake for learners is to confuse 主夫 (shufu) with 主婦 (shufu), which means 'housewife'. While both terms refer to someone managing the household, 主夫 specifically denotes a husband, whereas 主婦 denotes a wife.
- Using it for Any Man at Home
- 主夫 implies a deliberate choice to take on the primary domestic role, often while the spouse works outside the home. It's not typically used for a man who is temporarily unemployed, retired, or simply staying home for a short period without the primary responsibility of managing the household.
- Mispronunciation
- Ensure correct pronunciation. Both characters are pronounced with a long 'u' sound, so it's 'shuu-fu', not 'shu-fu'. The stress is generally even across both syllables.
- Assuming it's Always a Positive Term
- While often used neutrally or positively to reflect modern family roles, in some contexts, it might carry subtle implications or be used in discussions where traditional gender roles are being debated. Be mindful of the surrounding conversation.
- Using it in Formal Writing Without Context
- In very formal or traditional writing, the concept might be described differently. While 主夫 is increasingly accepted, ensure it fits the overall tone and context of your writing.
Mistake: 彼は主婦です。(He is a housewife.)
Correct: 彼は主夫です。(He is a stay-at-home husband.)
Mistake: 彼はただ家にいるだけです。(He is just staying at home.)
Correct: 彼は主夫として家庭を支えています。(He supports the family as a stay-at-home husband.)
Mistake: シュフです。(Shufu desu.)
Correct: シュウフです。(Shūfu desu.)
- 主婦 (Shufu - Housewife)
- This is the direct counterpart, referring to a wife who manages the household. It's the more traditional and historically common term. While 主夫 describes a reversed role, 主婦 describes the traditional role.
- 専業主夫 (Sengyō Shufu - Full-time Stay-at-home Husband)
- This is a more specific term that emphasizes that the husband is exclusively dedicated to household duties and childcare, without any part-time or full-time employment outside the home. It’s a more formal and precise way to describe the role.
- 共働き (Tomobata - Dual-income Household)
- This term refers to a household where both partners work. While not a direct synonym, the existence of a 主夫 often implies a tomobata family structure where the wife is the primary earner.
- 家庭的 (Kateiteki - Home-loving, Domestic)
- This adjective can describe someone who enjoys or is good at domestic tasks. A 主夫 is often described as kateiteki, but not all kateiteki men are shufu.
- 家事 (Kaji - Household Chores)
- This refers to the actual tasks involved in managing a household. A 主夫 is someone who performs kaji.
Comparison: 彼は主夫です。(He is a stay-at-home husband.) vs. 彼女は主婦です。(She is a housewife.)
Alternative: 彼は専業主夫として、家事と育児に専念しています。(He is fully dedicated to housework and childcare as a full-time stay-at-home husband.)
Context: 私たちは共働きですが、夫が主夫のような役割も担っています。(We are a dual-income household, but my husband also takes on roles like a stay-at-home husband.)
How Formal Is It?
Wusstest du?
While 主婦 (shufu) has been a common term for centuries, reflecting traditional gender roles, 主夫 (shufu) only started gaining traction in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Its increasing usage is a direct indicator of evolving family structures and gender perceptions in Japan.
Aussprachehilfe
- Shortening the 'u' sound in either syllable.
- Placing stress on the second syllable.
- Confusing it with 'shufu' (housewife).
Schwierigkeitsgrad
Understanding the meaning of <ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>shufu</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> is straightforward. However, grasping the nuanced societal implications and its contrast with traditional roles requires a B1+ level of comprehension.
Writing sentences with <ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>shufu</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> is relatively easy at a B1 level. However, using it appropriately in essays or discussions about societal changes requires a higher level of proficiency to convey complex ideas.
Pronouncing and using <ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>shufu</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> in basic conversation is achievable at B1. Discussing the topic in depth, however, necessitates fluency and an understanding of cultural context.
Recognizing <ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>shufu</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> in spoken Japanese is generally easy once learned. Understanding its implications in longer dialogues or news reports may require B1+ listening skills.
Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest
Voraussetzungen
Als Nächstes lernen
Fortgeschritten
Wichtige Grammatik
Using 〜として (toshite) to indicate a role or capacity.
彼は主夫として家庭を支えている。(He supports the family as a stay-at-home husband.)
Using 〜になる (ni naru) to express a change of state or role.
彼女の夫は主夫になった。(Her husband became a stay-at-home husband.)
Using 〜ため (tame) to express purpose.
妻の仕事を応援するため、主夫になった。(Became a stay-at-home husband in order to support his wife's work.)
Using 〜だけでなく〜も (dake de naku... mo) for 'not only... but also...'.
主夫は家事だけでなく、育児も担当する。(A stay-at-home husband is responsible not only for housework but also for childcare.)
Using 〜ように (yō ni) to express gradual change or tendency.
主夫という働き方が一般的に受け入れられるようになってきた。(The way of working as a stay-at-home husband has come to be generally accepted.)
Beispiele nach Niveau
お父さんは家にいます。
Father is at home.
Simple present tense, basic subject-verb structure.
彼は料理をします。
He cooks.
Simple present tense, object particle を.
子どもがいます。
There are children.
Existence verb います.
奥さんは働きます。
Wife works.
Simple present tense.
家はきれいです。
The house is clean.
Adjective sentence.
彼はいい人です。
He is a good person.
Noun + です structure.
これは私の仕事です。
This is my job.
Possessive pronoun + です structure.
彼は家にいますか？
Is he at home?
Question formation with か.
私の夫は主夫です。
My husband is a stay-at-home husband.
Using the target word as a noun.
彼は主夫として、家事をしています。
As a stay-at-home husband, he does household chores.
Using として (as) to describe a role.
妻が外で働いているので、夫が主夫になりました。
Since his wife works outside, the husband became a stay-at-home husband.
Using 〜ので (because/since) to show reason.
彼は育児も担当しています。
He is also in charge of childcare.
Using 〜も (also) and 〜担当する (to be in charge of).
この家庭では、夫が主夫です。
In this household, the husband is the stay-at-home husband.
Using 〜では (in/at) to specify context.
彼は料理が得意です。
He is good at cooking.
Using 〜が得意です (to be good at).
それは珍しい働き方ですね。
That's an unusual way of working, isn't it?
Using 〜ですね (isn't it?) for agreement or comment.
彼は妻の仕事を応援しています。
He supports his wife's work.
Using 〜を応援する (to support).
最近、共働き家庭が増え、主夫という言葉も聞くようになった。
Recently, dual-income households have increased, and the term 'stay-at-home husband' has also become heard.
Using 〜ようになった (has come to be/has become) to indicate a change.
彼は専業主夫として、家事や育児に専念している。
He is concentrating on housework and childcare as a full-time stay-at-home husband.
Using 専念する (to concentrate on) and the more specific term 専業主夫.
この男性は伝統的な役割を超え、主夫の道を選んだ。
This man transcended traditional roles and chose the path of a stay-at-home husband.
Using 〜を超え (transcending) and 〜の道を選ぶ (to choose the path of).
彼は妻のキャリアを支えるため、主夫になったことを誇りに思っている。
He is proud of becoming a stay-at-home husband to support his wife's career.
Using 〜ため (in order to) and 〜を誇りに思う (to be proud of).
「主夫の日常」というブログが人気だ。
A blog titled 'The Daily Life of a Stay-at-Home Husband' is popular.
Using 〜という (called/titled).
彼は仕事を辞め、家庭を守る主夫になった。
He quit his job and became a stay-at-home husband to protect the home.
Using 〜を辞める (to quit) and 〜を守る (to protect).
その男性は、社会の常識に捉われず、主夫として充実した生活を送っている。
That man is living a fulfilling life as a stay-at-home husband, without being bound by societal norms.
Using 〜に捉われず (without being bound by) and 〜を送っている (to be living).
これは主夫の立場から書かれた体験談です。
This is a personal account written from the perspective of a stay-at-home husband.
Using 〜の立場から (from the perspective of).
社会の変化とともに、男性が主夫となる選択肢も一般的に受け入れられるようになってきた。
Along with societal changes, the option for men to become stay-at-home husbands has also come to be generally accepted.
Using 〜とともに (along with) and 〜ようになってきた (has come to be).
彼は主夫としての経験を活かし、育児支援のNPOを立ち上げた。
He utilized his experience as a stay-at-home husband and founded an NPO for childcare support.
Using 〜を活かし (to utilize) and 〜を立ち上げる (to found/launch).
一部では、主夫という言葉に対する肯定・否定の意見が交わされている。
In some circles, opinions for and against the term 'stay-at-home husband' are being exchanged.
Using 〜とともに (along with) and 〜が交わされている (is being exchanged).
彼は主夫であることを隠さず、堂々と振る舞っている。
He is not hiding the fact that he is a stay-at-home husband and acts with confidence.
Using 〜を隠さず (without hiding) and 〜と振る舞う (to act/behave).
この社会では、主婦だけでなく主夫も尊重されるべきだ。
In this society, not only housewives but also stay-at-home husbands should be respected.
Using 〜だけでなく〜も (not only... but also) and 〜されるべきだ (should be).
彼は家庭の経済的な負担を軽減するため、主夫の道を選択した。
He chose the path of a stay-at-home husband to alleviate the financial burden on the family.
Using 〜を軽減する (to alleviate/reduce) and 〜の道を選択した (chose the path of).
メディアにおける主夫の描き方が、社会の認識に影響を与えている。
The portrayal of stay-at-home husbands in the media is influencing societal perception.
Using 〜が影響を与えている (is influencing).
彼は主夫として家事を完璧にこなすが、時には孤独を感じることもある。
Although he perfectly handles housework as a stay-at-home husband, he sometimes feels lonely.
Using 〜が、〜こともある (although..., sometimes also...).
男女の固定された役割が見直される現代において、主夫という選択肢は多様な家族の在り方を提示している。
In the present era where fixed gender roles are being re-examined, the option of being a stay-at-home husband presents diverse ways of family existence.
Using 〜において (in/at the time of) and 〜を提示している (is presenting).
彼は主夫としての経験を通じて、家事の効率だけでなく、人間関係におけるコミュニケーションの重要性をも学んだ。
Through his experience as a stay-at-home husband, he learned not only the efficiency of housework but also the importance of communication in human relationships.
Using 〜を通じて (through) and 〜だけでなく〜をも (not only... but also... as well).
社会全体で主夫を支える環境が整備されれば、男性の選択肢はさらに広がるだろう。
If an environment that supports stay-at-home husbands is established throughout society, men's options will likely expand further.
Using 〜されれば (if... is done) and 〜だろう (probably/likely).
彼は主夫としての役割に誇りを持ちつつも、時には社会からの期待との葛藤も抱えている。
While taking pride in his role as a stay-at-home husband, he also harbors internal conflicts with societal expectations at times.
Using 〜つつも (while/although) and 〜との葛藤を抱えている (harbors conflict with).
主夫の存在は、家事や育児が女性だけの責任ではないことを示唆している。
The existence of stay-at-home husbands suggests that housework and childcare are not solely the responsibility of women.
Using 〜だけでなく〜ではないことを示唆している (suggests that not only... but also... is not).
彼は主夫として家庭を運営する能力を高めるために、関連書籍を精読している。
He is meticulously reading related books to enhance his ability to manage the household as a stay-at-home husband.
Using 〜能力を高めるために (in order to enhance ability) and 〜を精読する (to read meticulously).
現代社会における主夫の役割は、単なる家事の担い手に留まらない。
The role of a stay-at-home husband in modern society is not limited to merely being a bearer of housework.
Using 〜に留まらない (is not limited to).
彼は主夫としての経験を基に、男性の育児への参加を促進する講演を行っている。
Based on his experience as a stay-at-home husband, he gives lectures to promote men's participation in childcare.
Using 〜を基に (based on) and 〜を促進する (to promote).
家父長制が根強く残る社会において、主夫という存在は、家の中での権力シフトの象徴とも言える。
In a society where patriarchy remains deeply entrenched, the existence of a stay-at-home husband can be considered symbolic of a power shift within the home.
Using 〜が根強く残る (remains deeply entrenched) and 〜とも言える (can be said to be).
彼は主夫としての日々の営み通じて、経済的な自立だけでなく、精神的な充足感をも追求している。
Through his daily life as a stay-at-home husband, he pursues not only economic independence but also spiritual fulfillment.
Using 〜だけでなく〜をも追求している (pursues not only... but also...).
主夫の経験は、多様な価値観が共存する現代において、人間としての幅を広げる貴重な機会となる。
The experience of being a stay-at-home husband becomes a valuable opportunity to broaden one's horizons as a human being in the modern era where diverse values coexist.
Using 〜が共存する (coexist) and 〜を広げる貴重な機会となる (becomes a valuable opportunity to broaden).
彼は主夫として家を切り盛りに運営する傍ら、地域貢献にも積極的に関与している。
While managing the home successfully as a stay-at-home husband, he also actively participates in community contributions.
Using 〜傍ら (while/alongside) and 〜に積極的に関与する (actively participate in).
主夫という概念は、性別に基づく役割の固定観念を打破し、個人の選択を尊重する社会への移行を促す触媒となり得る。
The concept of a stay-at-home husband can become a catalyst for transitioning to a society that breaks down gender-based role stereotypes and respects individual choices.
Using 〜を打破する (to break down) and 〜となり得る (can become).
彼は主夫としての経験を通して培われた共感力と洞察力を活かし、現代の家族が抱える課題に対する解決策を模索している。
Utilizing the empathy and insight cultivated through his experience as a stay-at-home husband, he is exploring solutions to the challenges faced by modern families.
Using 〜を培われた (cultivated) and 〜を模索している (is exploring).
「主夫」という呼称は、性別にとらわれず個人が担う役割の多様性を内包し、柔軟な社会の実現に貢献し得る。
The designation 'stay-at-home husband' encompasses the diversity of roles undertaken by individuals regardless of gender and can contribute to the realization of a flexible society.
Using 〜を内包し (encompasses) and 〜に貢献し得る (can contribute to).
彼は主夫としての経験から得た知見を基に、次世代の男性に対し、家の中での主体性の重要性を説いている。
Based on the insights gained from his experience as a stay-at-home husband, he is advocating for the importance of agency within the home to the next generation of men.
Using 〜から得た知見を基に (based on insights gained from) and 〜を説いている (is advocating/preaching).
Häufige Kollokationen
Häufige Phrasen
— He is a stay-at-home husband.
「奥様(おくさま)がお仕事(しごと)を？」「はい、彼(かれ)は主夫(しゅふ)です。」
— To do one's best as a stay-at-home husband.
主夫(しゅふ)として頑張(がんば)っていますが、時(とき)々大変(たいへん)です。
— The reason for becoming a stay-at-home husband.
彼が主夫(しゅふ)になった理由(りゆう)は、妻(つま)のキャリア(きゃりあ)のためでした。
— From the perspective of a stay-at-home husband.
主夫(しゅふ)の視点(してん)から見(み)ると、家事(かじ)は大変(たいへん)な仕事(しごと)です。
— About full-time stay-at-home husbands.
専業主夫(せんぎょうしゅふ)について調(しら)べています。
— A stay-at-home husband's daily life blog.
「主夫(しゅふ)の日常(にちじょう)ブログ(ぶろぐ)」を読(よ)みました。
— Personal stories of stay-at-home husbands.
主夫(しゅふ)の経験談(けいけんだん)は参考(さんこう)になる。
— The way of working as a stay-at-home husband.
主夫(しゅふ)という働(はたら)き方(かた)も選択肢(せんたくし)の一(ひと)つだ。
— The hardships of a stay-at-home husband.
主夫(しゅふ)の苦労(くろう)も理解(りかい)したい。
— Skills of a stay-at-home husband.
彼は主夫(しゅふ)としてのスキル(すきる)が高(たか)い。
Wird oft verwechselt mit
The most common confusion is due to the identical pronunciation but different kanji and meaning. 主夫 (shufu) is for husband, 主婦 (shufu) is for wife.
主夫 is a specific type of 夫. Not all husbands are 主夫.
専業主夫 is a more specific term that emphasizes the husband's exclusive dedication to domestic duties. 主夫 can sometimes imply a less exclusive dedication, though often it's used interchangeably.
Redewendungen & Ausdrücke
— To support the family. This idiom is often used in relation to the role of a 主夫(shufu), emphasizing their contribution to the family's well-being, even if not through primary income.
彼は主夫(しゅふ)として家庭(かてい)を支(ささ)えている。
Neutral— To be henpecked; to be dominated by one's wife. While this idiom traditionally implies a negative dynamic, in the context of a 主夫(shufu), it can sometimes be used humorously to describe the wife's dominant role in decision-making or finances.
彼は妻(つま)の尻(しり)に敷(し)かれていると言(い)われるが、本人(ほんにん)は満足(まんぞく)しているようだ。
Informal— Men work, women keep house. This is a traditional saying that 主夫(shufu) directly challenges. It represents the old gender roles that are being re-evaluated.
「男(おとこ)は仕事(しごと)、女(おんな)は家庭(かてい)」という考(かんが)え方(かた)は変(か)わってきた。
Traditional Saying— The character of a person is formed in early childhood and remains unchanged into old age. While not directly related to 主夫(shufu), it can be applied to how the skills and mindset developed as a 主夫(shufu) might influence a person's approach to life even if they later return to work.
幼い頃(ころ)からの家庭(かてい)への愛情(あいじょう)は、三つ子(みつご)の魂(たましい)百まで続(つづ)くのだろう。
Proverb— My wife (polite, often implying she manages the household). While 主夫(shufu) is about the husband's role, 家内(kanai) refers to the wife who traditionally performs domestic duties. It's used in contrast to the 主夫(shufu) situation.
「家内(かない)が働(はたら)いていますので、私(わたし)が主夫(しゅふ)をしています。」
Formal/Traditional— A good partner. This idiom is relevant because a 主夫(shufu) is a partner who supports their spouse and family, contributing equally to the household's success.
彼は良(よ)き伴侶(はんりょ)であり、良(よ)き父親(ちちおや)でもある。
Neutral— Dual-income household. This is the common context for a 主夫(shufu), where both partners work, and the division of labor is adjusted.
「最近(さいきん)、共働(ともばたら)き家庭(かてい)が増(ふ)えて、主夫(しゅふ)も珍(めずら)しくなくなったね。」
Neutral— A professional at housework. This is a more modern, informal way to describe someone highly skilled in domestic tasks, which a dedicated 主夫(shufu) might be.
彼は家事(かじ)のプロ(ぷろ)で、掃除(そうじ)も洗濯(せんたく)も完璧(かんぺき)だ。
Informal— To dedicate oneself to childcare. A 主夫(shufu) often does this, making it a central part of their role.
彼は育児(いくじ)に専念(せんねん)するために、仕事(しごと)を辞(や)めた。
Neutral— The sun of the home. This idiom describes someone who brings warmth, light, and happiness to the family. A dedicated 主夫(shufu) could certainly be seen this way.
彼は家庭(かてい)の太陽(たいよう)のような存在(そんざい)だ。
FigurativeLeicht verwechselbar
Identical pronunciation.
主夫 (shufu) refers to a husband who manages the household, while 主婦 (shufu) refers to a wife who manages the household. The key difference lies in the kanji used for husband (夫) and wife (婦).
彼は<ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>しゅふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>で、彼女は<ruby>主婦<rp>(</rp><rt>しゅふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>です。(He is a stay-at-home husband, and she is a housewife.)
<ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>shufu</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> is a type of <ruby>夫<rp>(</rp><rt>otto</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>.
<ruby>夫<rp>(</rp><rt>otto</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> is the general term for 'husband.' <ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>shufu</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> specifically describes a husband who takes on the primary domestic role, often implying his wife is the main earner. All <ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>shufu</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> are <ruby>夫<rp>(</rp><rt>otto</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>, but not all <ruby>夫<rp>(</rp><rt>otto</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> are <ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>shufu</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>.
彼は<ruby>働<rp>(</rp><rt>はたら</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>く<ruby>夫<rp>(</rp><rt>おっと</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>ではなく、<ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>しゅふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>として<ruby>家<rp>(</rp><rt>いえ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>にいる。(He is not a working husband; he is at home as a stay-at-home husband.)
<ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>shufu</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> is the person who does <ruby>家事<rp>(</rp><rt>kaji</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>.
<ruby>家事<rp>(</rp><rt>kaji</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> refers to the 'household chores' or 'domestic tasks' themselves. <ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>shufu</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> is the person who performs these tasks as their primary role.
<ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>しゅふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>は<ruby>毎日<rp>(</rp><rt>まいにち</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>様々<rp>(</rp><rt>さまざま</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>な<ruby>家事<rp>(</rp><rt>かじ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>を<ruby>行<rp>(</rp><rt>おこな</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>う。(A stay-at-home husband performs various household chores every day.)
<ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>shufu</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> often includes <ruby>育児<rp>(</rp><rt>ikuji</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>.
<ruby>育児<rp>(</rp><rt>ikuji</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> specifically means 'childcare' or 'raising children.' While <ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>shufu</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> typically involves <ruby>育児<rp>(</rp><rt>ikuji</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>, it also encompasses broader household management. A <ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>shufu</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> is responsible for more than just childcare.
<ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>しゅふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>として、<ruby>育児<rp>(</rp><rt>いくじ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>と<ruby>家事<rp>(</rp><rt>かじ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>の<ruby>両立<rp>(</rp><rt>りょうりつ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>が<ruby>大変<rp>(</rp><rt>たいへん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>だ。(As a stay-at-home husband, balancing childcare and housework is difficult.)
Both refer to stay-at-home husbands.
<ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>shufu</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> is the general term. <ruby>専業主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>sengyō shufu</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> specifically means 'full-time stay-at-home husband,' implying no outside work at all. <ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>shufu</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> might occasionally do part-time work or have other minor income sources, though the primary role is domestic.
彼は<ruby>専業主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>せんぎょうしゅふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>であり、<ruby>完全<rp>(</rp><rt>かんぜん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>に<ruby>家庭<rp>(</rp><rt>かてい</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>に<ruby>専念<rp>(</rp><rt>せんねん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>している。(He is a full-time stay-at-home husband and is completely dedicated to the home.)
Satzmuster
Noun + は + Noun + です。
彼は<ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>しゅふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>です。
Noun + として + Verb。
<ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>しゅふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>として<ruby>家事<rp>(</rp><rt>かじ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>をしています。
Noun + が + Verb (indicating change of state)。
彼は<ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>しゅふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>になった。
Noun + の + Noun。
<ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>しゅふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>の<ruby>経験<rp>(</rp><rt>けいけん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>。
Noun + とともに + Verb。
<ruby>社会<rp>(</rp><rt>しゃかい</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>の<ruby>変化<rp>(</rp><rt>へんか</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>とともに、<ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>しゅふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>も<ruby>増<rp>(</rp><rt>ふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>えている。
Noun + を + Verb (purpose)。
<ruby>妻<rp>(</rp><rt>つま</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>の<ruby>仕事<rp>(</rp><rt>しごと</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>を<ruby>応援<rp>(</rp><rt>おうえん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>するために、<ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>しゅふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>になった。
Noun + において + Verb。
<ruby>現代<rp>(</rp><rt>げんだい</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>社会<rp>(</rp><rt>しゃかい</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>において、<ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>しゅふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>という<ruby>選択肢<rp>(</rp><rt>せんたくし</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>がある。
Noun + だけでなく + Noun + も。
<ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>しゅふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>は<ruby>家事<rp>(</rp><rt>かじ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>だけでなく、<ruby>育児<rp>(</rp><rt>いくじ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>も<ruby>担当<rp>(</rp><rt>たんとう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>する。
Wortfamilie
Substantive
Verben
Adjektive
Verwandt
So verwendest du es
Increasingly common, especially in urban areas and among younger generations.
-
Confusing 主夫 (shufu) with 主婦 (shufu).
→
主夫 (shufu) for husband, 主婦 (shufu) for wife.
The pronunciation is identical, but the kanji are different. 夫 means husband, and 婦 means wife. This is the most frequent error for learners.
-
Pronouncing 'shufu' with short 'u' sounds.
→
Pronounce with long 'u' sounds: shū-fu.
Both syllables require a long 'u' sound. Incorrect pronunciation can lead to ambiguity or misinterpretation.
-
Using 'shufu' for any man at home.
→
Use 'shufu' for a husband primarily responsible for household duties and childcare.
The term implies a specific role and commitment, not just being present at home. It's about the primary function within the family structure.
-
Assuming 'shufu' means the husband is unemployed.
→
'Shufu' refers to the domestic role, not necessarily the absence of income.
A 'shufu' might support the family financially through part-time work or other means, or the wife might be the primary earner. The focus is on the domestic responsibilities.
-
Using 'shufu' in overly formal or traditional contexts without consideration.
→
Consider the formality and audience. While increasingly common, in very traditional settings, it might be perceived differently.
The term is modern and reflects changing social norms. In extremely formal or conservative contexts, a more descriptive phrase might be preferred, or its usage might be met with less familiarity.
Tipps
Mastering the 'Shūfu' Sound
Remember that both 'shu' and 'fu' have long vowel sounds (like 'shoo-foo'). Practice saying it slowly and clearly to avoid confusion with other words. Pay attention to the stress, which typically falls on the first syllable.
Distinguishing Husband and Wife Kanji
The most crucial distinction is the kanji: 夫 (otto) for husband and 婦 (fū) for wife. Always double-check which character is used to ensure you're referring to the correct gender role.
Understanding Societal Nuances
While 主夫 is a common term, its acceptance and perception can vary. Be aware of the context when using it, especially in discussions about traditional gender roles versus modern family dynamics.
Using 'Shufu' Appropriately
Use 主夫 when referring to a husband who primarily manages the household and childcare. Avoid using it for men who are simply unemployed or only occasionally help with chores. For more precision, consider '専業主夫' (full-time stay-at-home husband).
Connect to Related Concepts
To better understand 主夫, explore related terms like 共働き (dual-income household) and 性別役割分業 (gender role division of labor). This will provide a broader understanding of the societal context.
Sentence Building Practice
Create your own sentences using 主夫 in different contexts: as a subject, object, or part of a descriptive phrase. This active practice is key to retention.
Observe Media Portrayals
Watch Japanese dramas or read articles that feature 主夫 characters. Observing how the term is used in context can significantly enhance your understanding and usage.
Compare with 'Shufu' (Housewife)
Actively compare and contrast 主夫 with 主婦. Understanding their differences and similarities will prevent confusion and deepen your vocabulary.
Use in Conversations
When appropriate, try using 主夫 in conversations with Japanese speakers or fellow learners. Don't be afraid to make mistakes; it's a natural part of the learning process.
Create Associations
Use mnemonics or visual associations to link the word 主夫 to its meaning. For example, visualize a husband wearing shoes ('shu') and holding food ('fu').
Einprägen
Eselsbrücke
Think of the 'shuu' sound like 'shoe' for the husband, and 'fu' like 'food' that he prepares. So, the husband who wears 'shoes' and makes 'food' is the stay-at-home husband. Alternatively, focus on the '夫' (otto - husband) kanji which is visually distinct from '婦' (fū - wife).
Visuelle Assoziation
Imagine a man in an apron, confidently cooking a meal while a woman in a business suit is leaving for work. The man is the 'shufu' (夫). Or, picture a split screen: one side shows a woman working at an office, the other shows a man happily playing with children at home.
Word Web
Herausforderung
Try to explain the concept of 'shufu' to someone who has never heard it before, using only Japanese words you know. This will help solidify your understanding of its meaning and context.
Wortherkunft
The word 主夫 (shufu) is a relatively modern coinage in Japanese, emerging as a direct counterpart to the long-established term 主婦 (shufu - housewife). It arose from societal changes that led to more women entering the workforce and men taking on more domestic responsibilities.
Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: Literally, 主 (shu) means 'master' or 'main,' and 夫 (fu) means 'husband.' Thus, it translates to 'master husband' or 'main husband,' signifying the primary role within the household.
JapaneseKultureller Kontext
While the term 主夫 is generally neutral, it's important to be mindful of the context. Some individuals may prefer not to be labeled, or the term might be used in discussions that touch upon traditional vs. modern gender roles, which can be sensitive.
In English-speaking cultures, terms like 'stay-at-home dad' or 'househusband' are used. The Japanese term 主夫 (shufu) carries similar meanings but is embedded within the specific cultural context of Japan's evolving gender roles and family structures.
Im Alltag üben
Kontexte aus dem Alltag
Discussing family arrangements and division of labor.
- うちの夫は<ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>しゅふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>なんだ。
- <ruby>共働<rp>(</rp><rt>ともばたら</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>きだけど、<ruby>彼<rp>(</rp><rt>かれ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>が<ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>しゅふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>の<ruby>役割<rp>(</rp><rt>やくわり</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>も<ruby>担<rp>(</rp><rt>たん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>っている。
- <ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>しゅふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>として<ruby>家事<rp>(</rp><rt>かじ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>と<ruby>育児<rp>(</rp><rt>いくじ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>を<ruby>頑張<rp>(</rp><rt>がんば</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>っているよ。
- <ruby>妻<rp>(</rp><rt>つま</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>の<ruby>仕事<rp>(</rp><rt>しごと</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>を<ruby>応援<rp>(</rp><rt>おうえん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>するために<ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>しゅふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>になったんだ。
Media and entertainment (dramas, movies, articles).
- あの<ruby>ドラマ<rp>(</rp><rt>どらま</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>、<ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>しゅふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>が<ruby>主人公<rp>(</rp><rt>しゅじんこう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>なんだ。
- <ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>しゅふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>の<ruby>日常<rp>(</rp><rt>にちじょう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>を<ruby>描<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>いた<ruby>記事<rp>(</rp><rt>きじ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>を<ruby>読<rp>(</rp><rt>よ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>んだ。
- <ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>しゅふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>の<ruby>生活<rp>(</rp><rt>せいかつ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>って<ruby>どう<rp>(</rp><rt>どう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>なんだろう？
- メディアで<ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>しゅふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>の<ruby>特集<rp>(</rp><rt>とくしゅう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>が<ruby>組<rp>(</rp><rt>く</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>まれていた。
Discussions about societal changes and gender roles.
- <ruby>時代<rp>(</rp><rt>じだい</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>が<ruby>変<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>わって、<ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>しゅふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>も<ruby>珍<rp>(</rp><rt>めずら</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>しくなくなったね。
- <ruby>性別<rp>(</rp><rt>せいべつ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>にとらわれない<ruby>働<rp>(</rp><rt>はたら</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>き<ruby>方<rp>(</rp><rt>かた</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>が<ruby>大切<rp>(</rp><rt>たいせつ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>だ。
- <ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>しゅふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>の<ruby>存在<rp>(</rp><rt>そんざい</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>は、<ruby>社会<rp>(</rp><rt>しゃかい</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>の<ruby>多様性<rp>(</rp><rt>たようせい</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>を<ruby>示<rp>(</rp><rt>しめ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>している。
- <ruby>固定<rp>(</rp><rt>こてい</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>観念<rp>(</rp><rt>かんねん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>を<ruby>変<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>える<ruby>必要<rp>(</rp><rt>ひつよう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>がある。
Parenting discussions and communities.
- <ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>しゅふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>の<ruby>経験<rp>(</rp><rt>けいけん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>って<ruby>聞<rp>(</rp><rt>き</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>いてみたい。
- <ruby>育児<rp>(</rp><rt>いくじ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>の<ruby>情報交換<rp>(</rp><rt>じょうほうこうかん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>で<ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>しゅふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>の<ruby>方<rp>(</rp><rt>かた</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>と<ruby>繋<rp>(</rp><rt>つなが</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>がった。
- <ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>しゅふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>の<ruby>視点<rp>(</rp><rt>してん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>からの<ruby>育児<rp>(</rp><rt>いくじ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>アドバイス。
- <ruby>子育<rp>(</rp><rt>こそだ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>て<ruby>中<rp>(</rp><rt>ちゅう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>の<ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>しゅふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>は<ruby>大変<rp>(</rp><rt>たいへん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>だよね。
Introducing one's family situation.
- うちの<ruby>夫<rp>(</rp><rt>おっと</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>は<ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>しゅふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>です。
- <ruby>私<rp>(</rp><rt>わたし</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>が<ruby>働<rp>(</rp><rt>はたら</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>いていて、<ruby>彼<rp>(</rp><rt>かれ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>が<ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>しゅふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>です。
- <ruby>夫<rp>(</rp><rt>おっと</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>は<ruby>家<rp>(</rp><rt>いえ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>を<ruby>守<rp>(</rp><rt>まも</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>る<ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>しゅふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>です。
- <ruby>新<rp>(</rp><rt>あたら</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>しい<ruby>家族<rp>(</rp><rt>かぞく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>の<ruby>形<rp>(</rp><rt>かたち</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>として、<ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>しゅふ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>という<ruby>選択<rp>(</rp><rt>せんたく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>をしました。
Gesprächseinstiege
"最近、主夫という言葉を聞くことが増えましたが、皆さんの周りにも主夫の方はいらっしゃいますか？"
"主夫という働き方について、皆さんは/*どのように思いますか？"
"もし、自分が主夫になるとしたら、一番やりたい家事や育児は何ですか？"
"メディアで見る主夫の姿に共感できますか？"
"伝統的な性別役割と主夫の関係について、皆さんの考えを聞きたいです。"
"主夫になることで、得られる一番のメリットとデメリットは何だと思いますか？"
Tagebuch-Impulse
Describe a hypothetical day in the life of a <ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>shufu</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>, detailing their morning routine, interactions with their family, and household tasks.
Reflect on the societal perception of <ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>shufu</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> in Japan. How has it changed, and what challenges or benefits do they face?
Write a short story about a couple deciding who will become the <ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>shufu</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> in their family, considering their career aspirations and personal preferences.
Imagine you are a <ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>shufu</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> who has recently taken on this role. Write a journal entry about your initial feelings, challenges, and any surprising discoveries you've made.
Compare and contrast the traditional role of a <ruby>主婦<rp>(</rp><rt>shufu</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> with the modern role of a <ruby>主夫<rp>(</rp><rt>shufu</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>. What are the similarities and differences in their responsibilities and societal expectations?
Häufig gestellte Fragen
10 FragenYes, the word 主夫 is becoming increasingly common in Japan. While it's not as historically established as 主婦 (housewife), its usage has grown significantly in recent decades due to changing societal norms and family structures. You'll hear it in everyday conversations, see it in media, and find discussions about it online.
Not necessarily. While a 主夫's primary role is domestic, it doesn't automatically mean they are unemployed. In many cases, the wife is the primary earner, and the husband's role as 主夫 is a deliberate choice to support the family's overall well-being and his wife's career. The term specifically refers to the domestic role, not necessarily the absence of income generation.
Generally, yes, 主夫 is used as a neutral or respectful term. It acknowledges and names a specific family role that is becoming more prevalent. However, like any term, its perception can depend on the context and the speaker's intent. In discussions about gender roles, it can be part of a broader conversation about equality and evolving societal expectations.
This is a common point of confusion for learners due to the identical pronunciation. The difference lies in the kanji: 主夫 uses the character 夫 (otto), meaning 'husband,' while 主婦 uses the character 婦 (fū), meaning 'wife.' Both mean 'person in charge of the household,' but for different genders.
The number of 主夫 is increasing in Japan, reflecting societal shifts. While still less common than 主婦, statistics show a growing trend of husbands taking on primary domestic roles, especially in dual-income households where the wife earns more. It's a recognized and growing segment of Japanese society.
Generally, 主夫 implies a primary and consistent dedication to household management and childcare. If a husband only helps with chores occasionally, he would not typically be called a 主夫. He might be described as 'helpful' or 'involved in housework,' but the term 主夫 suggests a more central and defining role in the household.
A 主夫's activities are similar to those of a traditional homemaker. This includes cooking, cleaning, laundry, grocery shopping, managing finances, arranging appointments, and most importantly, childcare (e.g., picking up children from school, helping with homework, playing with them). They are the primary managers of the household's daily operations.
Yes, 主夫 is considered a modern term. It emerged as a response to changing social structures where women's participation in the workforce increased significantly. The term reflects a newer family dynamic that deviates from the traditional gender roles, making it a contemporary concept.
The closest English equivalents for 主夫 are 'stay-at-home husband' or 'househusband.' Both terms describe a man who manages the household and childcare responsibilities while his partner is the primary earner.
Not necessarily. While the primary role is domestic, some men who are 主夫 may pursue part-time work, freelance projects, or even plan to re-enter the workforce later. The decision to be a 主夫 is often a strategic choice made with the family's overall goals in mind, which can include supporting a spouse's career or focusing on raising children during formative years.
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Summary
主夫 (shufu) refers to a husband who stays home to manage household duties and childcare, often while his wife is the primary income earner. This term reflects evolving gender roles and modern family structures in Japan, and its usage is becoming more common.
- A stay-at-home husband who manages the household.
- Often implies the wife is the primary earner.
- Reflects changing gender roles in Japan.
- Usage is increasing with modern family structures.
Mastering the 'Shūfu' Sound
Remember that both 'shu' and 'fu' have long vowel sounds (like 'shoo-foo'). Practice saying it slowly and clearly to avoid confusion with other words. Pay attention to the stress, which typically falls on the first syllable.
Distinguishing Husband and Wife Kanji
The most crucial distinction is the kanji: 夫 (otto) for husband and 婦 (fū) for wife. Always double-check which character is used to ensure you're referring to the correct gender role.
Understanding Societal Nuances
While 主夫 is a common term, its acceptance and perception can vary. Be aware of the context when using it, especially in discussions about traditional gender roles versus modern family dynamics.
Using 'Shufu' Appropriately
Use 主夫 when referring to a husband who primarily manages the household and childcare. Avoid using it for men who are simply unemployed or only occasionally help with chores. For more precision, consider '専業主夫' (full-time stay-at-home husband).
Verwandte Inhalte
Mehr family Wörter
還暦
B1Kanreki ist die traditionelle japanische Feier zum 60. Geburtstag.
〜くらい
B1Dieses Wort bedeutet 'ungefähr' oder 'bis zu dem Punkt, an dem'. Es wird verwendet, um eine Annäherung oder einen Grad auszudrücken.
認め合う
B1Sich gegenseitig anerkennen; die gegenseitige Geltung bestätigen.
知人
B1Acquaintance.
顔見知り
A2Jemand, den man vom Sehen kennt, aber nicht persönlich. Eine Person, deren Gesicht vertraut ist, ohne eine enge Beziehung zu haben.
甘える
B1Sich verwöhnen lassen, schmeicheln; sich auf die Freundlichkeit und Nachsicht anderer verlassen, oft in engen Beziehungen.
活発な
B1Aktiv; lebhaft; schwungvoll. 'Ein lebhaftes Kind.' (活発な子) 'Aktive Vulkantätigkeit.' (活発な火山活動)
思春期
B1Die Pubertät; der Zeitraum der körperlichen Geschlechtsreifung.
養子
B1Ein Adoptivkind, das rechtlich in eine neue Familie aufgenommen wurde.
養親
B2Adoptivvater oder Adoptivmutter. Eine Person, die ein Kind rechtlich als das eigene annimmt.
