The Japanese word 小鳥 (ことり - kotori) literally translates to 'small bird'. It's a general term used to describe any bird that is small in size. You'll often hear this word used in everyday conversations, literature, and poetry when people want to refer to the common, often cheerful, small birds that inhabit gardens, parks, and natural environments. It evokes a sense of delicacy, freedom, and sometimes a gentle, pleasant sound. Unlike specific names for birds like スズメ (suzume - sparrow) or カラス (karasu - crow), 小鳥 is a broader category. People might use it when they see a small bird but don't know its specific species, or when the specific species isn't important, and they just want to convey the image of a small, flying creature. It's a word that paints a picture of nature's smaller inhabitants. Children often learn this word early on as it's associated with cute, common creatures they see around them. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something or someone small and perhaps fragile, though this is less common than its literal meaning.
- Etymology
- The word is a compound of 小 (ko), meaning 'small', and 鳥 (tori), meaning 'bird'. This straightforward combination makes its meaning very clear.
- Common Usage
- It's frequently used in contexts discussing nature, seasons, and peaceful scenes. For instance, a sentence might describe the sound of small birds chirping in the morning or a small bird resting on a branch.
公園で小鳥が歌っていた。kotori ga utatte ita.
窓の外に小鳥が止まった。kotori ga mado no soto ni tomatta.
Using 小鳥 (ことり - kotori) in sentences is quite straightforward. It functions as a noun and can be the subject, object, or part of a descriptive phrase. The context usually involves nature, scenery, or observations of the environment. Here are some common sentence structures:
- Subject of the sentence
- 小鳥が木の上で休んでいる。 (Kotori ga ki no ue de yasunde iru.) - A small bird is resting on the tree.
- Object of the sentence
- 庭に小鳥が飛んできた。(Niwa ni kotori ga tonde kita.) - A small bird flew into the garden.
- Describing a scene
- 朝、窓から小鳥のさえずりが聞こえる。(Asa, mado kara kotori no saezuri ga kikoeru.) - In the morning, I can hear the chirping of small birds from the window.
- In poetry or literature
- その森には、たくさんの小鳥が住んでいました。(Sono mori ni wa, takusan no kotori ga sunde imashita.) - Many small birds lived in that forest.
ベランダに小鳥が水を飲みに来た。kotori ga beranda ni mizu o nomi ni kita.
春になると、小鳥たちの声が賑やかになる。kotori tachi no koe ga haru ni naru to nigiyaka ni naru.
You'll encounter the word 小鳥 (ことり - kotori) in a variety of everyday and cultural contexts in Japan. It's a word deeply connected to nature and the appreciation of simple, beautiful things.
- Nature Documentaries and Programs
- When discussing local wildlife, especially common garden birds, the term 小鳥 is frequently used to describe them.
- Children's Books and Songs
- Children are often introduced to the world of animals through simple stories and songs featuring small birds. The word itself is easy for children to pronounce and remember.
- Poetry and Literature
- Japanese poetry, particularly haiku and tanka, often uses imagery from nature. 小鳥 is a common motif, symbolizing spring, lightness, or a fleeting moment of beauty.
- Gardening and Outdoor Activities
- People who enjoy their gardens or nature walks might talk about the small birds they see or hear. For example, 'I saw a cute small bird today.' (可愛い小鳥を見たよ - Kawaii kotori o mita yo.)
- Everyday Conversations
- If you're visiting a Japanese friend's home and notice birds in their garden, or if you're discussing a park you visited, 小鳥 is a natural word to come up.
この庭には、色々な小鳥が遊びに来ます。kotori ga kono niwa ni wa, iroiro na asobi ni kimasu.
昔話で、小鳥がお姫様を助ける話がある。kotori ga mukashibanashi de, ohimesama o tasukeru hanashi ga aru.
While 小鳥 (ことり - kotori) is a relatively simple word, learners might make a few common mistakes:
- Confusing it with specific bird names
- Mistake: Using 小鳥 when a specific bird name is known and relevant. For example, saying 'I saw a 小鳥' when you know it was a 'sparrow' (スズメ - suzume).
- Correction: If you know the specific name of the bird, it's often better to use it. However, if you don't know, or if the smallness is the key characteristic, 小鳥 is perfectly fine.
- Overusing it for larger birds
- Mistake: Referring to a pigeon or a crow as a 小鳥. These are generally considered medium to large birds.
- Correction: 小鳥 specifically implies small size. For larger birds, use their specific names (e.g., ハト - hato for pigeon, カラス - karasu for crow) or a more general term like 鳥 (tori - bird).
- Pronunciation
- Mistake: Mispronouncing the 'ko' sound or the 'tori' sound. Some learners might pronounce 'ko' too long or 'tori' with an English 'r' sound.
- Correction: Practice the sounds. 'Ko' is a short, crisp sound. 'Tori' should have a Japanese 'r' sound, which is a flap of the tongue against the roof of the mouth, similar to the 'tt' in 'butter' in American English, but with a slight roll.
これは小鳥ではなく、ハトです。kotori de wa naku, hato desu.
While 小鳥 (ことり - kotori) is a common and useful word, there are other words and phrases related to birds in Japanese. Understanding these can help you choose the most precise term for your needs.
- 鳥 (とり - tori)
- Meaning: Bird (general term)
- Comparison: This is the most general term for any bird, regardless of size. You would use 鳥 to refer to eagles, penguins, or even small birds if you're not emphasizing their size.
- Example: 空を飛ぶ鳥 (sora o tobu tori) - A bird flying in the sky.
- specific bird names (e.g., スズメ - suzume, ハト - hato, ツバメ - tsubame)
- Meaning: Sparrow, Pigeon, Swallow, etc.
- Comparison: These are specific names for different species of birds. If you know the exact type of bird you're referring to, using its specific name is more precise than using the general term 小鳥.
- Example: 公園でスズメが餌をついばんでいた。(Kouen de suzume ga esa o tsuibamite ita.) - Sparrows were pecking at food in the park.
- 幼鳥 (ようちょう - youchou)
- Meaning: Young bird, fledgling
- Comparison: This term refers to a bird based on its age, specifically a young one that is still dependent or learning to fly. It implies smallness but focuses on the developmental stage rather than just physical size. 小鳥 is more about general size.
- Example: 巣から落ちた幼鳥を見つけた。(Su kara ochita youchou o mitsuketa.) - I found a fledgling that fell from its nest.
この絵には、たくさんの鳥が描かれているが、小鳥もいる。tori, kotori mo iru.
How Formal Is It?
Wusstest du?
The kanji 小 (ko) is one of the most fundamental and frequently used kanji in the Japanese language, appearing in countless words related to size and quantity. Its presence in 'kotori' clearly signals the diminutive nature of the bird being described.
Aussprachehilfe
- Pronouncing 'ko' too long.
- Using an English 'r' sound for 'ri'.
- Not distinguishing the short 'o' in 'ko' from a long 'o'.
Schwierigkeitsgrad
The kanji 小 (small) and 鳥 (bird) are common. The reading 'kotori' is straightforward. The word itself is easily understood from context.
Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest
Voraussetzungen
Als Nächstes lernen
Fortgeschritten
Wichtige Grammatik
Using particle が (ga) to mark the subject of a sentence.
小鳥が木の上で休んでいる。(Kotori ga ki no ue de yasunde iru.) - A small bird is resting on the tree.
Using particle に (ni) to indicate location or destination.
庭に小鳥が来た。(Niwa ni kotori ga kita.) - A small bird came to the garden.
Using the て-form of verbs to describe ongoing actions or states.
小鳥が歌っている。(Kotori ga utatte iru.) - A small bird is singing.
Using the counter '羽' (wa) for birds.
一羽の小鳥。(Ichiwa no kotori.) - One small bird.
Using the nominalizer の (no) to turn verbs or adjectives into noun phrases.
小鳥のさえずりを聞くのが好きだ。(Kotori no saezuri o kiku no ga suki da.) - I like listening to the chirping of small birds.
Beispiele nach Niveau
小さい鳥がいます。
There is a small bird.
Using 'chiisai' (small) and 'tori' (bird).
鳥が飛んでいます。
A bird is flying.
General term for bird.
かわいい鳥。
A cute bird.
Adjective + noun.
庭に鳥が来た。
A bird came to the garden.
Location + subject + verb.
鳥の声。
Bird's voice.
Noun + possessive particle.
木に鳥がいる。
There is a bird on the tree.
Location + subject particle + verb.
鳥の絵。
A picture of a bird.
Noun + possessive particle.
鳥が歌う。
A bird sings.
Subject + verb.
公園で小鳥を見た。
I saw a small bird in the park.
Using 'kotori' for the first time.
小鳥がさえずっている。
The small bird is chirping.
Verb for bird sounds.
窓の外に小鳥が止まった。
A small bird landed on the outside of the window.
Location + verb of stopping.
かわいい小鳥の鳴き声。
The cute small bird's cry.
Adjective + noun + sound.
ベランダに小鳥が来た。
A small bird came to the balcony.
Destination + subject + verb.
小鳥の巣を見た。
I saw a small bird's nest.
Noun + possessive particle.
朝、小鳥が鳴く。
Small birds sing in the morning.
Time + subject + verb.
この木に小鳥がいる。
There is a small bird on this tree.
Location + subject particle + verb.
庭の木に、可愛らしい小鳥が数羽止まっていた。
Several cute small birds were perched on the tree in the garden.
Using counters (数羽 - suu wa) and descriptive adjectives (可愛らしい - kawairashii).
朝の散歩で、小鳥のさえずりを聞くのが好きだ。
I like listening to the chirping of small birds during my morning walk.
Gerund form of verb (聞くのが好きだ - kiku no ga suki da).
その絵には、鮮やかな色の小鳥が描かれていた。
A small bird of vivid colors was depicted in that painting.
Passive voice (描かれていた - egakarete ita).
窓の外を歩く小鳥の姿に癒やされる。
I am soothed by the sight of a small bird walking outside the window.
Using 'sugata' (figure/sight) and 'iyasareru' (to be soothed).
公園の池のほとりには、小さな魚を狙う小鳥がいた。
By the park's pond, there was a small bird hunting for small fish.
Using descriptive location (ほとり - hotori) and verb for hunting (狙う - nerau).
昔話では、しばしば小鳥が賢いキャラクターとして登場する。
In fairy tales, small birds often appear as wise characters.
Using 'shibashiba' (often) and 'toujou suru' (to appear).
春になると、庭に色とりどりの小鳥が遊びに来る。
When spring comes, colorful small birds come to play in the garden.
Seasonal change and pluralization implied.
その静かな森には、都会では見られない珍しい小鳥も生息している。
In that quiet forest, rare small birds not seen in the city also inhabit.
Using negative comparison (見られない - mirarenai) and 'seisoku suru' (to inhabit).
都市部でも、注意深く観察すれば、意外なほど多くの種類の小鳥を見つけることができる。
Even in urban areas, if you observe carefully, you can find a surprisingly large number of different types of small birds.
Using conditional clauses (〜ば - ba), adverbs (意外なほど - igai na hodo), and comparative language.
その画家は、繊細な筆致で、木漏れ日の中に佇む小鳥の姿を捉えた。
The painter captured the image of a small bird standing in the dappled sunlight with delicate brushstrokes.
Using descriptive vocabulary for art (繊細な筆致 - sensai na fitchi) and light (木漏れ日 - komorebi).
小鳥の生態に関する研究は、鳥類の進化を理解する上で重要な手がかりとなる。
Research on the ecology of small birds provides important clues for understanding avian evolution.
Using academic terms (生態 - seitai, 進化 - shinka, 手がかり - tegakari).
寂れた神社の片隅に、ひっそりと佇む小鳥の像があった。
In a quiet corner of a desolate shrine, there was a statue of a small bird standing silently.
Using evocative adjectives (寂れた - sajireta, ひっそりと - hissori to).
最近、近所の公園で鳴く小鳥の声が以前より小さくなったように感じる。
Recently, I feel like the chirping of small birds in the neighborhood park has become quieter than before.
Expressing subjective feelings and comparative changes.
この地域の気候変動は、小鳥の渡りの時期やルートにも影響を与えている可能性がある。
Climate change in this region may also be affecting the timing and routes of small bird migration.
Discussing environmental issues and their impact.
子供向けの絵本では、しばしば小鳥が友情や勇気を象徴するキャラクターとして描かれる。
In picture books for children, small birds are often depicted as characters symbolizing friendship and courage.
Discussing literary conventions and symbolic representation.
都市開発が進むにつれて、小鳥が安心して生息できる緑地が減少していることが懸念されている。
It is a concern that green spaces where small birds can inhabit safely are decreasing as urban development progresses.
Expressing societal concerns and environmental issues.
その詩は、都会の喧騒の中でふと耳にした小鳥のさえずりが、失われかけた感性を呼び覚ます様子を繊細に描写している。
The poem delicately describes how the chirping of a small bird, suddenly heard amidst the urban clamor, awakens a nearly lost sensibility.
Complex sentence structure, abstract vocabulary (喧騒 - kensou, 感性 - kansei, 呼び覚ます - yobisamasu).
化石記録から、古代の鳥類相における小鳥の多様性が、当時の植生や気候と密接に関連していたことが示唆されている。
From fossil records, it is suggested that the diversity of small birds in ancient avifauna was closely related to the vegetation and climate of that era.
Academic language (化石記録 - kaseki kiroku, 鳥類相 - chouruisou, 植生 - shokusei, 示唆される - shisa sareru).
近年、小鳥の繁殖成功率の低下が、外来種の侵入や生息地の分断化といった環境問題の深刻化を物語っている。
In recent years, the decline in small bird breeding success rates indicates the worsening of environmental problems such as the invasion of alien species and habitat fragmentation.
Complex causal relationships (〜といった - to itta, 〜を物語っている - o monogatatte iru).
その作家は、登場人物の内面の葛藤を、窓辺に現れる小鳥の気まぐれな動きに重ね合わせて表現した。
The author expressed the inner conflicts of the characters by overlaying them with the whimsical movements of a small bird appearing by the window.
Literary technique (重ね合わせて表現する - kasanete awasete hyougen suru), abstract concepts (内面の葛藤 - naimen no kattou).
人工知能による鳥の鳴き声の解析は、小鳥のコミュニケーション戦略や社会構造の解明に貢献している。
The analysis of bird songs by artificial intelligence contributes to the elucidation of small bird communication strategies and social structures.
Technical terms (人工知能 - jinkou chinou, 解析 - kaiseki, 解明 - kaimei).
景観デザインにおいて、小鳥が集まるような環境を意図的に創出することは、都市の生物多様性を向上させる上で有効なアプローチとなり得る。
In landscape design, intentionally creating an environment that attracts small birds can be an effective approach to improving urban biodiversity.
Specialized vocabulary (景観デザイン - keikan dezain, 生物多様性 - seibutsu tayousei, アプローチ - apuroochi).
現代社会の過剰な情報化は、時に人々から、かつて身近であった小鳥のさえずりに耳を傾けるような、静謐な感受性を奪っているのではないか。
Does the excessive digitalization of modern society sometimes rob people of the serene sensibility, such as listening to the chirping of small birds that was once familiar?
Rhetorical question, abstract concepts (過剰な情報化 - kajou na jouhouka, 静謐な感受性 - seihitsu na kansei).
生態学者は、小鳥の渡りのルートにおける経路選択のメカニズムを解明するために、高度な追跡技術を駆使している。
Ecologists are utilizing advanced tracking technology to elucidate the mechanisms of route selection in small bird migration pathways.
Technical and scientific vocabulary (経路選択 - keiro sentaku, メカニズム - mekanizumu, 駆使する - kushi suru).
小鳥の歌唱における音韻構造の多様性は、言語進化の初期段階における音声コミュニケーションの複雑性を考察する上で、示唆に富む。
The diversity of phonological structures in small bird vocalizations is rich in suggestion for considering the complexity of vocal communication in the early stages of language evolution.
Highly specialized academic vocabulary (音韻構造 - on'in kouzou, 言語進化 - gengo shinka, 示唆に富む - shisa ni tomu).
渡り鳥のナビゲーションシステムにおける、地球磁場や恒星の位置情報といった感覚入力の統合プロセスは、小鳥の驚異的な長距離移動を可能にする根源的要因である。
The integration process of sensory inputs such as the Earth's magnetic field and celestial positioning in migratory birds' navigation systems is the fundamental factor enabling the astonishing long-distance movements of small birds.
Complex scientific concepts (ナビゲーションシステム - nabigeeshon shisutemu, 感覚入力 - kankaku nyuuryoku, 根源的要因 - kongenteki youin).
小鳥の社会学習における模倣行動の発生機序と、その集団内での伝達経路に関する研究は、文化伝播の生物学的基盤を理解する上で極めて重要である。
Research on the mechanisms of mimicry in small bird social learning and their transmission pathways within groups is extremely important for understanding the biological basis of cultural transmission.
Advanced scientific terminology (発生機序 - hasseikijo, 伝達経路 - dentatsu keiro, 文化伝播 - bunka denpa).
遺伝子編集技術の進展は、小鳥の鳴き声の複雑なパターン生成に関与する神経回路の機能解明に新たな可能性を開いている。
Advances in gene editing technology are opening new possibilities for elucidating the function of neural circuits involved in the complex pattern generation of small bird vocalizations.
Cutting-edge scientific and technical terms (遺伝子編集技術 - idenshi henshuu gijutsu, 神経回路 - shinkei kairo).
生態系における小鳥の種間競争と共生関係のダイナミクスは、食物網の安定性や生物多様性の維持に不可欠な要素であり、その複雑な相互作用の解明が急務である。
The dynamics of interspecies competition and symbiotic relationships among small birds in ecosystems are essential elements for the stability of the food web and the maintenance of biodiversity, and elucidating their complex interactions is an urgent task.
Highly complex ecological and systemic vocabulary (種間競争 - shukan kyousou, 共生関係 - kyousei kankei, ダイナミクス - dainamikusu, 食物網 - shokumotsumou).
鳥類における色彩認識と求愛行動の相関関係、特に小鳥の繁殖戦略における視覚シグナルの役割は、進化生物学における長年の謎の一つであった。
The correlation between color perception and courtship behavior in birds, particularly the role of visual signals in small bird mating strategies, has been one of the long-standing mysteries in evolutionary biology.
Specialized biological terminology (色彩認識 - shikisai ninshiki, 求愛行動 - kyuuai koudou, 進化生物学 - shinka seibutsugaku).
小鳥の行動パターンにおける時間的・空間的制約の解析は、進化心理学的な観点から、彼らの意思決定プロセスにおける適応的意義を明らかにする。
The analysis of temporal and spatial constraints in small bird behavioral patterns reveals their adaptive significance in decision-making processes from an evolutionary psychology perspective.
Interdisciplinary academic language (時間的・空間的制約 - jikanteki/kuukanteki seiyaku, 進化心理学 - shinka shinrigaku, 適応的意義 - tekiouteki igi).
環境音響学の観点から小鳥の鳴き声のスペクトル解析を行うことで、個体識別、種内コミュニケーション、さらには環境状態の指標としての可能性が探求されている。
By performing spectral analysis of small bird vocalizations from the perspective of environmental acoustics, possibilities for individual identification, intraspecific communication, and even as indicators of environmental conditions are being explored.
Highly technical and interdisciplinary vocabulary (環境音響学 - kankyou onkyougaku, スペクトル解析 - supekutoru kaiseki, 個体識別 - kotai shikibetsu).
Häufige Kollokationen
Häufige Phrasen
— Small birds sing/chirp. This is a very common phrase to describe the sound of small birds.
朝、小鳥が鳴く声で目が覚めた。(Asa, kotori ga naku koe de me ga sameta.) - I woke up to the sound of small birds singing in the morning.
— A small bird flew here/towards me. This indicates the arrival of a small bird.
窓の近くに小鳥が飛んできた。(Mado no chikaku ni kotori ga tonde kita.) - A small bird flew near the window.
— A cute small bird. This is a simple descriptive phrase often used when observing small birds.
公園でかわいい小鳥を見た。(Kouen de kawaii kotori o mita.) - I saw a cute small bird in the park.
— A small bird's nest. This phrase refers to the dwelling of a small bird.
木の上に小鳥の巣があった。(Ki no ue ni kotori no su ga atta.) - There was a small bird's nest on the tree.
— Like a small bird. This is often used metaphorically to describe lightness, freedom, or a gentle nature.
彼女の声は小鳥の歌のように美しい。(Kanojo no koe wa kotori no uta no you ni utsukushii.) - Her voice is beautiful like a small bird's song.
— The chirping/twittering of small birds. This phrase specifically describes the pleasant sound made by small birds.
春の訪れとともに、小鳥のさえずりが聞こえ始める。(Haru no otozure to tomo ni, kotori no saezuri ga kikoesaseru.) - With the arrival of spring, the chirping of small birds begins to be heard.
— To observe small birds. This is used when talking about watching birds in nature.
休日は庭で小鳥を観察するのが趣味です。(Kyuujitsu wa niwa de kotori o kansatsu suru no ga shumi desu.) - My hobby is observing small birds in the garden on holidays.
— To keep/own a small bird (as a pet). This phrase refers to having a small bird as a pet.
最近、小鳥を飼い始めた。(Saikin, kotori o kai hajimeta.) - I recently started keeping a small bird.
— Small birds peck at food. This describes the action of small birds eating.
地面で小鳥が餌をついばんでいた。(Jimen de kotori ga esa o tsuibamite ita.) - Small birds were pecking at food on the ground.
— A small bird's perspective. This is used metaphorically in literature or when discussing viewpoints.
この物語は、小鳥の視点から語られている。(Kono monogatari wa, kotori no shiten kara katararete iru.) - This story is told from the perspective of a small bird.
Wird oft verwechselt mit
'Tori' is the general word for 'bird' and can refer to any bird, large or small. 'Kotori' specifically means 'small bird' and emphasizes the size.
'Suzume' specifically means 'sparrow'. While sparrows are small birds, 'kotori' is a broader category that includes sparrows and other small birds.
'Youchou' means 'young bird' or 'fledgling'. It refers to a bird based on its age, whereas 'kotori' refers to its size.
Redewendungen & Ausdrücke
— Free as a small bird. This idiom emphasizes a feeling of complete freedom, unburdened by responsibilities or constraints.
退職後は、小鳥のように自由な生活を送りたい。(Taishoku go wa, kotori no you ni jiyuu na seikatsu o okuritai.) - After retirement, I want to live a life as free as a small bird.
Common— A voice like the chirping of small birds. This idiom describes a voice that is light, clear, high-pitched, and pleasant to listen to.
彼女の歌声は、小鳥のさえずりのようで、聴く人を癒やす。(Kanojo no utagoe wa, kotori no saezuri no you de, kiku hito o iyasu.) - Her singing voice is like the chirping of small birds, healing those who listen.
Common— Even a small bird has wings. This proverb suggests that even the smallest or weakest among us possess their own strengths or potential.
どんなに小さくても、小鳥にも翼があることを忘れてはいけない。(Donna ni chiisaku temo, kotori ni mo tsubasa ga aru koto o wasurete wa ikenai.) - No matter how small, one must not forget that even a small bird has wings.
Proverbial— To see things from a small bird's perspective. This idiom means to view a situation from a limited, perhaps naive or simple, viewpoint.
大局を見ず、小鳥の視点から物を見ていると、本質を見誤る。(Taikyoku o mizu, kotori no shiten kara mono o mite iru to, honshitsu o miyagumaru.) - If you look at things from a small bird's perspective without seeing the big picture, you will misjudge the essence.
Figurative— To blend in with a flock of small birds. This idiom implies trying to be inconspicuous or to fit in with a larger, ordinary group.
目立たないように、小鳥の群れに紛れ込んだ。(Medatanai you ni, kotori no mure ni magirekonda.) - I blended into the flock of small birds so as not to stand out.
Figurative— The song of small birds can be heard. This can literally mean hearing birds sing, or metaphorically, it can imply the arrival of good fortune or a peaceful atmosphere.
この静かな田舎では、いつでも小鳥の歌が聞こえる。(Kono shizuka na inaka de wa, itsudemo kotori no uta ga kikoeru.) - In this quiet countryside, you can always hear the song of small birds.
Common/Metaphorical— Even small birds build nests. This proverb highlights that even the simplest creatures have their own homes or goals.
どんなに貧しくても、小鳥も巣を作るように、自分の居場所を作るべきだ。(Donna ni mazushik temo, kotori mo su o tsukuru you ni, jibun no ibasho o tsukuru beki da.) - No matter how poor, one should create their own place, just as even small birds build nests.
Proverbial— A small bird's eye. This can refer to the literal eye of a small bird, or metaphorically, to a very limited or short-sighted view.
小鳥の目では、この広大な世界を理解できない。(Kotori no me de wa, kono koudai na sekai o rikai dekinai.) - With a small bird's eyes, one cannot understand this vast world.
Figurative— To feed small birds. This is a common phrase related to interacting with birds in nature.
公園で小鳥に餌を与える人々がたくさんいた。(Kouen de kotori ni esa o ataeru hitobito ga takusan ita.) - There were many people feeding small birds in the park.
Common— Light as a small bird. This idiom describes someone or something that is very light, agile, or graceful.
彼女のダンスは、小鳥のように軽やかだった。(Kanojo no dansu wa, kotori no you ni karoyaka datta.) - Her dance was light as a small bird.
CommonLeicht verwechselbar
Both words refer to birds.
'Tori' is the general term for any bird, regardless of size. 'Kotori' specifically denotes a bird of small size. If you see a large bird like a crow (カラス - karasu) or a pigeon (ハト - hato), you would use 'tori' or the specific name, not 'kotori'.
空に<strong>鳥</strong>が飛んでいる。(Sora ni tori ga tonde iru.) - A bird is flying in the sky. (General) 庭に<strong>小鳥</strong>が止まった。(Niwa ni kotori ga tomatta.) - A small bird perched in the garden. (Specific to size)
Sparrows are common small birds.
'Kotori' is a category meaning 'small bird'. 'Suzume' is the specific name for 'sparrow'. If you see a sparrow, you can call it a 'suzume', or more generally, a 'kotori'. If you see a small bird that is not a sparrow, you would still call it a 'kotori'.
<strong>スズメ</strong>が餌をついばんでいる。(Suzume ga esa o tsuibaminde iru.) - Sparrows are pecking at food. (Specific type) <strong>小鳥</strong>が木に止まった。(Kotori ga ki ni tomatta.) - A small bird perched on the tree. (General small bird)
Both are common birds seen in urban environments.
'Hato' specifically means 'pigeon'. Pigeons are typically medium-sized birds, much larger than what is usually considered a 'kotori'. Therefore, you would not use 'kotori' to refer to a pigeon.
公園で<strong>ハト</strong>に餌をあげた。(Kouen de hato ni esa o ageta.) - I fed pigeons in the park. (Medium-sized bird) <strong>小鳥</strong>のさえずりが心地よい。(Kotori no saezuri ga kokochiyoi.) - The chirping of small birds is pleasant. (Small bird)
Both 'mushi' (insect) and 'kotori' (small bird) can be small creatures found in nature.
'Mushi' refers to insects, bugs, worms, etc. 'Kotori' refers specifically to small birds. They belong to entirely different biological categories.
庭に<strong>虫</strong>がたくさんいる。(Niwa ni mushi ga takusan iru.) - There are many insects in the garden. (Insect) <strong>小鳥</strong>が虫を捕まえて食べた。(Kotori ga mushi o tsukamaete tabeta.) - The small bird caught and ate an insect. (Bird eating insect)
Young birds are often small.
'Kotori' refers to a bird based on its size, meaning 'small bird'. 'Youchou' refers to a bird based on its age, meaning 'young bird' or 'fledgling'. A young bird is often small, but the terms emphasize different characteristics. A mature bird can also be small (and thus a 'kotori'), and a young bird might be in the process of growing larger.
<strong>幼鳥</strong>が巣から落ちた。(Youchou ga su kara ochita.) - A young bird fell from its nest. (Focus on age) <strong>小鳥</strong>が枝で休んでいる。(Kotori ga eda de yasunde iru.) - A small bird is resting on a branch. (Focus on size)
Satzmuster
Noun + が (ga) + Verb.
<strong>小鳥</strong>が飛んでいます。(Kotori ga tonde imasu.) - A small bird is flying.
Location + に (ni) + Noun + が (ga) + 来る (kuru).
庭に<strong>小鳥</strong>が来た。(Niwa ni kotori ga kita.) - A small bird came to the garden.
Noun + の (no) + Noun.
<strong>小鳥</strong>のさえずり。(Kotori no saezuri.) - The chirping of a small bird.
Adjective + Noun.
可愛い<strong>小鳥</strong>。(Kawaii kotori.) - A cute small bird.
Noun + のように (no you ni) + Adjective.
<strong>小鳥</strong>のように軽やか。(Kotori no you ni karoyaka.) - Light as a small bird.
Location + で (de) + Noun + が (ga) + Verb.
公園で<strong>小鳥</strong>の群れを見た。(Kouen de kotori no mure o mita.) - I saw a flock of small birds in the park.
Noun + の (no) + Verb (Nominalization) + が (ga) + 好きだ (suki da).
<strong>小鳥</strong>の歌を聞くのが好きだ。(Kotori no uta o kiku no ga suki da.) - I like listening to the songs of small birds.
Noun + を (o) + Verb (Passive voice).
その絵には、<strong>小鳥</strong>が描かれていた。(Sono e ni wa, kotori ga egakarete ita.) - A small bird was depicted in that painting.
Wortfamilie
Substantive
Verben
Adjektive
Verwandt
So verwendest du es
Common
-
Using 'kotori' for large birds.
→
Use the specific name of the bird or the general term 'tori'.
'Kotori' specifically means 'small bird'. Referring to a pigeon (ハト - hato) or a crow (カラス - karasu) as 'kotori' would be incorrect. Always consider the bird's size.
-
Pronouncing 'ri' with a hard English 'r'.
→
Use the Japanese flap 'r' sound.
The Japanese 'r' is a quick flap of the tongue against the roof of the mouth, not the rolled or hard 'r' found in English. Practicing this sound will improve your pronunciation of 'kotori'.
-
Confusing 'kotori' with specific bird names.
→
Use the specific name if known, or 'kotori' as a general term for small birds.
While a sparrow (スズメ - suzume) is a type of 'kotori', if you know it's a sparrow, using 'suzume' is more precise. 'Kotori' is best used when the species is unknown or irrelevant, and only the small size matters.
-
Treating 'kotori' as having a distinct plural form.
→
Plurality is usually understood from context or indicated with counters.
Japanese nouns generally don't change form for plural. You can say 'a small bird' (小鳥) or imply multiple birds from context, or use counters like '数羽' (suu wa - several) before 'kotori' if needed.
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Overlooking the metaphorical use of 'kotori'.
→
Be aware that 'kotori' can be used figuratively.
While primarily meaning 'small bird', 'kotori' can metaphorically describe something or someone as light, free, or delicate. Understanding this extended meaning can help in reading literature or appreciating nuanced language.
Tipps
Emphasize Size
Use 'kotori' when the small size of the bird is a significant characteristic you want to convey. It paints a clearer picture than just saying 'bird'.
Connect to Nature
When you see or hear small birds, mentally associate them with the word 'kotori'. This constant reinforcement in real-life situations will solidify your memory.
Practice the Japanese 'R'
The 'ri' sound in 'kotori' is crucial. Practice the Japanese flap 'r' sound to pronounce it correctly and sound more natural.
Listen for it in Media
Pay attention to Japanese dramas, anime, or nature documentaries. You'll likely hear 'kotori' used frequently in scenes involving nature or peaceful settings.
Learn Related Words
Once you're comfortable with 'kotori', learn specific bird names (like 'suzume' for sparrow) and related terms like 'nest' (巣 - su) and 'chirping' (さえずり - saezuri).
Subject Marker 'ga'
Remember that 'kotori' is often followed by the particle 'ga' (が) when it is the subject of a sentence, performing an action like singing or flying.
Appreciate the Imagery
Understand that 'kotori' often evokes feelings of gentleness, freedom, and natural beauty in Japanese culture. This emotional connection can aid memorization.
Use in Descriptions
In your writing or speaking, try using 'kotori' to add vividness to descriptions of gardens, parks, or natural landscapes.
Distinguish from 'Tori'
Always consider if you need to emphasize 'smallness' (kotori) or just refer to a bird generally (tori).
Metaphorical Use
Be aware that 'kotori' can be used metaphorically, like 'free as a bird', to describe a state of being or a quality.
Einprägen
Eselsbrücke
Imagine a tiny, 'co'-lorful bird sitting on a 'tree' (tori). The 'co' sound helps remember the first part, and 'tree' sounds like 'tori', reminding you of bird. So, a 'co'-lorful bird on a 'tree' = 小鳥.
Visuelle Assoziation
Picture a very small bird, perhaps a robin, with a bright red chest, perched on a delicate cherry blossom branch. The image of its smallness and the gentle setting should help you recall 'kotori'.
Word Web
Herausforderung
Try to spot small birds in your environment and mentally label them as 'kotori'. When you hear bird songs, imagine a 'kotori' singing. If you see a bird and don't know its specific name, confidently call it a 'kotori'.
Wortherkunft
The word 小鳥 (kotori) is a direct and descriptive compound in Japanese. It is formed by combining the kanji 小 (ko), meaning 'small', and 鳥 (tori), meaning 'bird'. This straightforward construction makes its meaning immediately understandable.
Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: Small bird.
JaponicKultureller Kontext
The term 'kotori' is generally neutral and positive. There are no known negative cultural associations. It's a word associated with nature and gentle imagery.
In English-speaking cultures, small birds like robins and sparrows are also common and often viewed positively, symbolizing nature, spring, and sometimes cheerfulness. However, the specific cultural connotations might differ slightly.
Im Alltag üben
Kontexte aus dem Alltag
Observing nature in a park or garden.
- 小鳥がいます。(Kotori ga imasu.)
- かわいい小鳥。(Kawaii kotori.)
- 小鳥のさえずりが聞こえる。(Kotori no saezuri ga kikoeru.)
Describing a peaceful or natural scene in literature or conversation.
- 小鳥の歌。(Kotori no uta.)
- 小鳥のように自由。(Kotori no you ni jiyuu.)
- 小鳥が巣を作る。(Kotori ga su o tsukuru.)
Children's stories and educational materials about animals.
- 小鳥のお話。(Kotori no ohanashi.)
- 小鳥の絵。(Kotori no e.)
- 小鳥に餌をあげる。(Kotori ni esa o ageru.)
Discussing common wildlife or seasonal changes.
- 春になると小鳥が来る。(Haru ni naru to kotori ga kuru.)
- 小鳥の群れ。(Kotori no mure.)
- 小鳥の足跡。(Kotori no ashiato.)
Figurative language, comparing something to a small bird.
- 小鳥の視点。(Kotori no shiten.)
- 小鳥のように軽やか。(Kotori no you ni karoyaka.)
- 小鳥の目。(Kotori no me.)
Gesprächseinstiege
"Have you seen any interesting small birds around lately?"
"What's your favorite sound in nature? Maybe the chirping of small birds?"
"If you could be any animal for a day, would you choose to be a small bird and fly freely?"
"Do you think small birds bring good luck?"
"What kind of small birds are common in your area?"
Tagebuch-Impulse
Describe a time you saw a particularly beautiful or interesting small bird. What did it look like? What was it doing?
Imagine you could understand the songs of small birds. What do you think they would be saying?
Write a short story from the perspective of a small bird. What is its daily life like?
Reflect on the symbolism of small birds in different cultures. What do they represent to you?
How does observing small birds in nature affect your mood or feelings?
Häufig gestellte Fragen
10 Fragen'Tori' (鳥) is the general word for 'bird'. It can refer to any bird, regardless of its size. 'Kotori' (小鳥) specifically means 'small bird'. It's used when you want to emphasize that the bird is small, or when you see a common, small bird and don't know its exact species. For example, you would say 'a bird is flying' (鳥が飛んでいる - tori ga tonde iru) if you see any bird, but you might say 'a small bird is singing' (小鳥が歌っている - kotori ga utatte iru) if you want to highlight its size and gentle nature.
Yes, there are specific names for many types of small birds, such as 'suzume' (スズメ - sparrow), 'tsubame' (ツバメ - swallow), and 'kari' (カリー - titmouse). However, 'kotori' is a useful general term when you see a small bird and don't know its specific name, or when the fact that it's small is the most important characteristic.
Yes, if the pet bird is small, you can refer to it as 'kotori'. For example, if someone has a small pet bird like a finch or a canary, they might say 'うちで飼っている小鳥' (uchi de katte iru kotori - the small bird I keep at home). However, if the pet bird is larger, like a parrot, you would use its specific name or the general term 'tori'.
Generally, birds like sparrows, finches, warblers, titmice, and robins would be considered 'kotori'. These are common, small passerine birds. Larger birds like pigeons, crows, eagles, or ducks would not typically be called 'kotori'.
Yes, 'kotori' can be used metaphorically, though less commonly than its literal meaning. It might be used to describe something or someone as delicate, free, or having a light spirit, similar to how 'free as a bird' is used in English. For example, '小鳥のように自由' (kotori no you ni jiyuu) means 'free as a small bird'.
'Kotori' is pronounced ko-to-ri. The 'ko' is like the 'co' in 'cot' (or 'coat' in American English). The 'to' is like the 'to' in 'toe'. The 'ri' has a Japanese 'r' sound, which is a quick flap of the tongue against the roof of the mouth, similar to the 'tt' in 'butter' in American English, followed by an 'ee' sound. The stress is generally light and even.
Some common phrases include 'kotori no saezuri' (小鳥のさえずり - chirping of small birds), 'kawaii kotori' (可愛い小鳥 - cute small bird), and 'kotori ga naku' (小鳥が鳴く - small birds sing/chirp).
Yes, the kanji 小 (ko) meaning 'small' is very common. Examples include 小学校 (shougakkou - elementary school), 小さな (chiisana - small), 小さい (chiisai - small), 小説 (shousetsu - novel), and 子供 (kodomo - child, literally 'small person').
'Kotori' itself is a neutral word. Its politeness depends on the context and how it's used in a sentence. For example, adding polite verb endings like 〜ます (masu) or using honorifics would make the sentence more polite.
There isn't a single, direct opposite word for 'kotori'. However, concepts like 'large bird' (大型鳥 - oogata dori) or specific names of larger birds like 'karasu' (カラス - crow) or 'moukinrui' (猛禽類 - birds of prey) represent the opposite end of the spectrum in terms of size and type.
Teste dich selbst 10 Fragen
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Emphasize Size
Use 'kotori' when the small size of the bird is a significant characteristic you want to convey. It paints a clearer picture than just saying 'bird'.
Connect to Nature
When you see or hear small birds, mentally associate them with the word 'kotori'. This constant reinforcement in real-life situations will solidify your memory.
Practice the Japanese 'R'
The 'ri' sound in 'kotori' is crucial. Practice the Japanese flap 'r' sound to pronounce it correctly and sound more natural.
Listen for it in Media
Pay attention to Japanese dramas, anime, or nature documentaries. You'll likely hear 'kotori' used frequently in scenes involving nature or peaceful settings.
Beispiel
木の上で小鳥が歌っている。
Verwandte Inhalte
Mehr nature Wörter
～上
B1Das Wort 'ue' bedeutet 'auf' oder 'über'.
〜の上
A2Auf oder über etwas. Zum Beispiel: 'Das Buch liegt auf dem Tisch' (Hon wa tsukue no ue ni arimasu).
豊か
B1Reichhaltig; üppig. Ein reiches Leben (Ein yutaka Leben).
〜に従って
B1Gemäß den Anweisungen wurde das Gerät installiert.
酸性雨
B1Saurer Regen ist Niederschlag, dessen pH-Wert durch Luftverschmutzung gesenkt wurde.
営み
B1Aktivität; tägliches Leben; Unternehmung (z. B. die Aktivitäten des Lebens).
順応する
B1Sich an eine neue Umgebung oder Situation anpassen.
~を背景に
B1Vor dem Hintergrund von; mit... als Hintergrund.
空気
A2air
大気汚染
B1Luftverschmutzung ist das Vorhandensein von Schadstoffen in der Luft. 'Die Luftverschmutzung in Großstädten hat in den letzten Jahren zugenommen.'
