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B2 noun #3,500 am häufigsten 8 Min. Lesezeit

제약

jeyak Top 3,500

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Erklärung 제약 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '제약' is a very difficult word that you won't usually see. At this stage, you focus on basic verbs like '할 수 없어요' (I can't) or '안 돼요' (It's not allowed). If you encounter '제약', just think of it as a very fancy way of saying 'There is a reason why I can't do this.' Imagine you want to buy a toy but you don't have enough money. That 'no money' situation is a '제약' (constraint). You don't need to use this word yet, but if you see it in a book, just remember it means 'something is stopping me.' It's like a red light in a game that tells you that you can't go that way right now because of a rule. Focus on words like '규칙' (rule) or '문제' (problem) first, as they are easier to use in daily conversation. '제약' is like the 'boss level' version of these words that you will use later when you become a pro at Korean.

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At the A2 level, you might start seeing '제약' in simple news clips or intermediate reading passages. It's a noun that means 'restriction.' You can compare it to '제한' (limit), which you might have learned. While '제한' is used for things like 'Speed Limit' or 'Time Limit,' '제약' is used for more 'invisible' things like 'Space' or 'Money.' For example, if your room is very small, you have a '공간적 제약' (spatial constraint). You can't put a big bed in a small room because of this '제약.' At this level, try to recognize the word when you hear it. You don't have to use it in your own speaking yet, but knowing that it means 'a condition that limits action' will help you understand more complex sentences. It often appears with '있다' (to have/exist), as in '제약이 있어요' (There is a constraint).

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At the B1 level, you should start integrating '제약' into your formal writing and more serious conversations. This is a great word to use when you are explaining a problem or a situation in a logical way. Instead of saying '시간이 없어서 못 해요' (I can't do it because I don't have time), you can say '시간적 제약 때문에 어렵습니다' (It is difficult due to temporal constraints). This makes you sound much more educated and professional. You should also learn the common pattern '제약을 받다,' which means 'to be restricted by.' For example, '우리는 법의 제약을 받습니다' (We are restricted by the law). Understanding the difference between '제약' (abstract constraint) and '제한' (specific limit) is a key goal for B1 learners. You will find this word very useful when discussing topics like the environment, technology, or social issues in your Korean classes.

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At the B2 level, '제약' is a core vocabulary word that you are expected to use fluently. You should understand its nuances and how it differs from synonyms like '규제' (regulation) or '속박' (shackles). At this level, you should be able to use it with various modifiers like '신체적' (physical), '경제적' (economic), '기술적' (technical), and '현실적' (realistic). You should also be comfortable with the passive construction '제약이 따르다' (constraints accompany/follow). This word is very common in the TOPIK II exam, especially in the writing section (Task 53 and 54) and the reading section. When you are writing an essay about the pros and cons of a certain policy, using '제약' allows you to discuss the limitations of that policy in a sophisticated manner. You should also be aware of the homophone '제약' (pharmaceutical) and be able to distinguish them instantly based on the context of the sentence.

At the C1 level, you should have a deep mastery of '제약.' You can use it to discuss abstract philosophical concepts or complex systemic issues. For instance, you might discuss '인간 인지 능력의 제약' (the constraints of human cognitive ability) or '구조적 제약' (structural constraints) in a sociological context. You should be able to use the word in complex sentence structures, such as '~라는 제약에도 불구하고' (despite the constraint that...) or '~에 의한 제약이 불가피하다' (constraints by... are inevitable). You should also recognize the word in literature, where it might be used metaphorically to describe a character's situation. At this level, you can also explore the Hanja roots (制 and 約) to understand how it relates to other words like '제도' (system) or '조약' (treaty). Your usage should be precise, choosing '제약' over '제한' or '규제' to convey exactly the right level of abstraction and formality.

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At the C2 level, '제약' is a tool for nuanced expression. You understand not just the word, but the cultural and intellectual weight it carries in Korean discourse. You can use it in high-level debates, academic papers, or professional legal documents. You might use it to critique a theory by pointing out its '전제 조건과 제약' (assumptions and constraints). You are also familiar with fixed expressions and idioms that might involve the concept of constraints, even if the word itself isn't used. You can distinguish between the subtle shades of meaning when '제약' is used in different fields like biology (biological constraints), economics (budget constraints), and law (statutory constraints). Your ability to use this word should be indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker, using it to build logical arguments and provide clear, concise explanations of complex phenomena. You also understand the historical and social '제약' that have shaped the Korean language and society itself.

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제약 in 30 Sekunden

제약 means constraint or restriction.
Used for abstract limits like time, money, or law.
Common in formal, business, and academic Korean.
Often paired with verbs like '받다' (receive) or '따르다' (follow).

The Korean word 제약 (Je-yak) is a sophisticated noun that translates to 'restriction,' 'constraint,' or 'limitation.' In its most fundamental sense, it refers to a condition or a set of circumstances that prevents an action from being performed freely or limits the scope of what is possible. While English speakers might use 'limit' for almost everything, Korean distinguishes between the physical boundary (제한) and the systemic or situational condition that binds you (제약).

Semantic Core: The term is composed of the Hanja characters 制 (Je - to control/systematize) and 約 (Yak - to bind/promise). Together, they imply a 'binding control.' It is not just a wall you hit; it is a rule, a law, or a lack of resources that keeps you within a certain boundary.

예산의 제약 때문에 프로젝트를 축소해야 했습니다. (Because of budget constraints, we had to scale down the project.)

This word is ubiquitous in professional, academic, and formal settings. You will hear it in business meetings when discussing why a certain goal cannot be met, in scientific papers describing the limitations of a study, and in legal contexts referring to statutory bindings. Unlike the more casual '안 돼요' (it's not allowed), '제약' suggests a structural or inevitable reason for the limitation.

Physical vs. Abstract: While '제한' often applies to physical speed or quantity (speed limit), '제약' is more often applied to abstract concepts like time, space, law, and social norms.

공간적 제약이 있는 도심에서는 주차 공간 확보가 어렵습니다. (In downtown areas with spatial constraints, it is difficult to secure parking spaces.)

Furthermore, '제약' often appears in the phrase '제약이 따르다' (constraints follow) or '제약을 받다' (to be subject to constraints). This highlights the passive nature of the word; the constraints are often something imposed upon the subject by the environment or a higher authority. In creative fields, paradoxically, people often say '제약이 창의성을 낳는다' (Constraints breed creativity), emphasizing that having a limited range of action can force one to think more innovatively.

Using 제약 correctly requires understanding its common verb pairings. It is most frequently used as a noun that functions as the object of '받다' (to receive/undergo) or the subject of '있다' (to exist) and '따르다' (to follow/accompany). Because it is a B2-level word, it usually appears in sentences with a formal or semi-formal tone, often employing the '~ㄴ/은/는' adjective form to describe what kind of constraint is being discussed.

Common Grammatical Patterns: 1. [Noun]의 제약 (Constraints of [Noun])
2. [Noun]적 제약 (Structural/Logical/etc. constraint)
3. 제약이 따르다 (Constraints accompany/arise)
4. 제약을 받다 (To be limited by)

신체적 제약에도 불구하고 그는 에베레스트 등반에 성공했습니다. (Despite physical constraints, he succeeded in climbing Everest.)

In this example, '신체적' (physical) modifies '제약'. This is a very common way to specify the nature of the limitation. You can replace '신체적' with '법적' (legal), '시간적' (temporal), or '경제적' (economic). The use of '불구하고' (despite) creates a sophisticated contrast that is common in B2 level Korean proficiency tests like TOPIK.

이 계획을 실행하는 데에는 현실적인 제약이 많습니다. (There are many realistic constraints to implementing this plan.)

Notice the use of '데에는' which means 'in the act of/in doing'. This is a high-level structure used to set the stage for the constraints. If you are writing an essay or a report, starting your sentence with '현실적인 제약으로는...' (As for realistic constraints...) is an excellent way to organize your thoughts. It signals to the reader that you are about to list the obstacles or boundaries of your topic.

If you are watching a Korean drama set in a corporate environment (like 'Misaeng' or 'Start-Up'), you will hear 제약 constantly. It is the language of the boardroom and the office cubicle. Managers use it to explain why a budget was rejected, and engineers use it to explain why a certain feature cannot be added to a product. It sounds much more objective and less like an excuse than saying '안 돼요' (can't do it) or '어려워요' (it's hard).

News and Media: On KBS or MBC news, you'll hear anchors talk about '제약' in the context of international relations or government policy. For instance, '수출 제약' (export restrictions) or '법적 제약' (legal constraints) are frequent topics when discussing trade wars or new regulations.

정부의 새로운 규제가 기업 활동에 상당한 제약을 가하고 있습니다. (The government's new regulations are imposing significant constraints on corporate activities.)

Another common place is in academic lectures and documentaries. When a scientist explains why a certain experiment couldn't be performed, they will cite '기술적 제약' (technical constraints). In historical documentaries, the narrator might discuss the '시대적 제약' (constraints of the era), referring to the social or technological limitations that people faced in the past. This usage helps the audience understand that the limitations were a product of the time, not necessarily a lack of individual will.

우리는 시간과 장소의 제약 없이 공부할 수 있는 세상을 꿈꿉니다. (We dream of a world where we can study without constraints of time and place.)

This last example is common in marketing, especially for online education platforms or tech companies. They use the phrase '제약 없이' (without constraints) to promise freedom and convenience to their customers. Whether it's a banking app or a language learning tool, the removal of '제약' is a powerful selling point in the fast-paced Korean society.

The most frequent mistake learners make with 제약 is confusing it with its close relative, 제한 (Je-han). While both can be translated as 'limit' or 'restriction,' their usage patterns differ significantly. Using the wrong one can make your Korean sound slightly 'off' or unnatural, even if the listener understands your point.

제약 (Constraint) vs. 제한 (Limit): '제한' is used for specific boundaries, quantities, or speeds. Think of a 'speed limit' (속도 제한) or an 'age limit' (연령 제한). '제약' is used for abstract conditions that restrict activity. You wouldn't say '속도 제약' for a speed limit on a sign; that would sound like the 'concept of speed' is being philosophically constrained.

❌ 인원 제약이 50명입니다.
✅ 인원 제한이 50명입니다. (The person limit is 50 people.)

Another common pitfall is the homophone 제약 (製藥). While the 'restriction' version is 制約, the 'pharmaceutical' version is 製藥. They are pronounced exactly the same. Context is key here. If someone says '제약 회사' (Je-yak hoe-sa), they are talking about a pharmaceutical company, not a 'restriction company.' Learners often get confused when reading news headlines about the '제약 업계' (pharmaceutical industry).

Finally, learners sometimes struggle with the particle usage. People often say '제약이 있다' (there are constraints) but forget that when the constraint is *imposed* on someone, we use '제약을 가하다' (impose constraints) or '제약을 받다' (receive/be under constraints). Using '제약을 하다' (to do constraint) is less common and usually replaced by '제한하다' (to limit) or '규제하다' (to regulate).

To truly master 제약, you should know the words that live in its neighborhood. Depending on the nuance you want to convey—whether it's a legal rule, a physical barrier, or a social shackle—you might choose a different term.

제한 (Limit/Restriction): As discussed, this is for specific boundaries. Use this for 'Time Limit' (시간 제한) or 'Limited Edition' (한정판/제한적 판매).
규제 (Regulation): This implies a formal, often governmental, rule. '제약' is the *condition* of being limited, while '규제' is the *act* of the authority limiting you.
속박 (Shackles/Bondage): This is much more emotional and strong. It’s used when someone feels their freedom is being completely taken away, like '속박에서 벗어나다' (to escape from shackles).

법률적 규제가 심해서 사업 확장에 제약이 많아요. (Because legal regulations are strict, there are many constraints on business expansion.)

This sentence shows how '규제' (the rule) leads to '제약' (the state of being limited). Another useful alternative is '한계' (Limit/Boundary). '한계' usually refers to the ultimate point beyond which something cannot go, like '체력의 한계' (the limit of one's physical strength). While '제약' is an external condition, '한계' often feels like an internal or natural endpoint.

Finally, for a more poetic or literary touch, you can use '굴레' (Yoke/Bridle). This refers to social expectations or traditional roles that limit a person's life, such as '관습의 굴레' (the yoke of custom). Use '제약' for logical or systemic limits, and '굴레' for when those limits feel burdensome and traditional.

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

The Hanja for 'restriction' (制約) and 'pharmaceutical' (製藥) use different 'Je' and 'Yak' characters but sound identical in modern Korean. The 'Je' in pharmaceutical means 'to make' (製).

Aussprachehilfe

UK /tɕe.jak/

US /tɕe.jak/

Equal stress on both syllables.

Reimt sich auf

계약 (gye-yak - contract) 예약 (ye-yak - reservation) 공약 (gong-yak - pledge) 서약 (seo-yak - oath) 기약 (gi-yak - promise/expectation) 특약 (teuk-yak - special rider) 조약 (jo-yak - treaty) 확약 (hwak-yak - firm promise)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing 'yak' like 'yack' with a long 'a'. Keep it short and crisp.
Confusing the 'j/ch' sound at the start with a hard 'z' sound.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 4/5

Common in news and books, but requires Hanja understanding for nuance.

Schreiben 4/5

Useful for formal essays but needs correct particle usage.

Sprechen 3/5

Used in professional settings; less common in casual chat.

Hören 4/5

Must distinguish from the pharmaceutical homophone.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

제한 (limit) 규칙 (rule) 조건 (condition) 문제 (problem) 이유 (reason)

Als Nächstes lernen

규제 (regulation) 속박 (shackles) 한계 (limit/boundary) 장벽 (barrier) 난관 (difficulty)

Fortgeschritten

불가피하다 (inevitable) 초월하다 (transcend) 타파하다 (overthrow) 수반하다 (entail)

Wichtige Grammatik

~으로 인해 (due to)

제약으로 인해 지연되었습니다.

~에도 불구하고 (despite)

제약에도 불구하고 성공했다.

~기 마련이다 (is bound to)

제약이 따르기 마련이다.

~ㄴ/은/는 데(에) (in doing something)

계획을 세우는 데 제약이 많다.

~기보다(는) (rather than)

제약을 가하기보다 지원을 해야 한다.

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Beispiele nach Niveau

시간 제약이 있어요.

There is a time constraint.

Simple Noun + Particle + Verb

돈의 제약이 커요.

The money constraint is big.

Possessive particle '의'

장소에 제약이 없어요.

There are no constraints on place.

Negative verb '없다'

규칙은 제약입니다.

Rules are constraints.

Topic marker '은'

제약 때문에 못 가요.

I can't go because of the constraint.

Reason marker '때문에'

이것은 큰 제약이에요.

This is a big constraint.

Polite ending '이에요'

제약이 조금 있어요.

There are a few constraints.

Adverb '조금'

제약을 알아요.

I know the constraint.

Object marker '을'

공간 제약으로 큰 가구는 못 사요.

Due to space constraints, I can't buy big furniture.

Cause particle '으로'

나이 제약이 있는 영화예요.

It's a movie with age constraints.

Adjective form '있는'

건강 제약 때문에 운동을 쉬어요.

I'm taking a break from exercise due to health constraints.

Noun + 때문에

법적 제약이 무엇인가요?

What are the legal constraints?

Interrogative '무엇인가요'

제약 없이 놀고 싶어요.

I want to play without constraints.

Adverbial '없이'

시간적 제약이 가장 힘들어요.

Temporal constraints are the hardest.

Superlative '가장'

여러 제약이 따르는 일이에요.

It's a job that comes with several constraints.

Verb '따르다' (to follow)

그 계획은 제약이 많아요.

That plan has many constraints.

Adjective '많다'

예산의 제약으로 인해 프로젝트가 중단되었다.

The project was suspended due to budget constraints.

Formal cause '으로 인해'

신체적 제약을 극복하고 금메달을 땄다.

He won the gold medal after overcoming physical constraints.

Verb '극복하다' (to overcome)

이 서비스는 지역적 제약이 있습니다.

This service has geographical constraints.

Formal '있습니다'

환경적 제약을 고려해야 합니다.

Environmental constraints must be considered.

Verb '고려하다' (to consider)

그는 사회적 제약에서 벗어나고 싶어 했다.

He wanted to escape from social constraints.

Verb '벗어나다' (to escape)

기술적 제약 때문에 개발이 늦어지고 있다.

Development is being delayed due to technical constraints.

Progressive '~고 있다'

제약이 많은 상황에서도 최선을 다했다.

I did my best even in a situation with many constraints.

Concessive '~어도'

어떤 제약이 있는지 설명해 주세요.

Please explain what constraints there are.

Indirect question '~는지'

현실적인 제약을 무시하고 계획을 세울 수는 없다.

You cannot make a plan while ignoring realistic constraints.

Verb '무시하다' (to ignore)

제약 조건이 까다로워서 승인받기 어렵다.

It's hard to get approval because the constraint conditions are strict.

Adjective '까다롭다' (to be picky/strict)

수출 제약이 풀리면서 경제가 살아나고 있다.

As export restrictions are lifted, the economy is reviving.

Verb '풀리다' (to be loosened/lifted)

이 규정은 창작 활동에 큰 제약이 된다.

This regulation poses a major constraint on creative activities.

Verb '되다' (to become/pose)

우리는 시간과 공간의 제약을 뛰어넘어야 한다.

We must overcome the constraints of time and space.

Verb '뛰어넘다' (to leap over/surpass)

제약을 가하는 것보다 자율성을 주는 것이 좋다.

It is better to give autonomy than to impose constraints.

Comparison '~보다 ~것이 좋다'

그의 발언은 정치적 제약 때문에 조심스러웠다.

His remarks were cautious due to political constraints.

Adjective '조심스럽다' (to be cautious)

제약이 따르더라도 이 길을 가야 한다.

Even if constraints follow, I must go this way.

Conditional '~더라도'

구조적 제약이 개인의 선택을 제한하는 경우가 많다.

Structural constraints often limit individual choices.

Complex subject/object relationship

학문적 자유는 어떠한 제약도 받아서는 안 된다.

Academic freedom must not be subject to any constraints.

Strong prohibition '~어서는 안 된다'

언어적 제약이 사고의 범위를 결정한다는 가설이 있다.

There is a hypothesis that linguistic constraints determine the scope of thought.

Noun clause '~는 가설'

제약이 창의성의 원동력이 되기도 한다.

Constraints sometimes become the driving force of creativity.

Noun '원동력' (driving force)

제도적 제약을 타파하기 위한 노력이 필요하다.

Efforts are needed to break down institutional constraints.

Verb '타파하다' (to break down/overthrow)

그의 예술 세계는 시대적 제약을 초월했다.

His artistic world transcended the constraints of the era.

Verb '초월하다' (to transcend)

자원 배분의 제약 문제를 해결하는 것이 급선무다.

Solving the problem of resource allocation constraints is the top priority.

Noun '급선무' (urgent priority)

법률의 제약 범위 내에서 최대한 지원하겠다.

I will provide as much support as possible within the scope of legal constraints.

Expression '범위 내에서' (within the scope)

인간 존재의 본질적 제약에 대한 철학적 고찰이 필요하다.

A philosophical consideration of the essential constraints of human existence is necessary.

Noun '고찰' (contemplation/consideration)

기술의 진보가 신체적 제약의 경계를 허물고 있다.

Advancements in technology are breaking down the boundaries of physical constraints.

Metaphor '경계를 허물다'

시장 경제 체제 하에서의 경쟁은 필연적으로 제약을 수반한다.

Competition under a market economy system inevitably entails constraints.

Verb '수반하다' (to entail/accompany)

제약 조건의 다변화는 정책 수립의 난이도를 높인다.

The diversification of constraint conditions increases the difficulty of policy formulation.

Noun '다변화' (diversification)

윤리적 제약이 과학 기술의 폭주를 막는 안전장치 역할을 한다.

Ethical constraints serve as a safety device preventing the runaway of science and technology.

Expression '역할을 하다' (to play a role)

행정적 제약이 혁신의 발목을 잡아서는 안 된다.

Administrative constraints should not hold back innovation.

Idiom '발목을 잡다' (to hold back/hinder)

환경적 제약 요인을 분석하여 지속 가능한 모델을 제시했다.

By analyzing environmental constraint factors, a sustainable model was presented.

Participle '분석하여'

그 정책은 현실적 제약을 도외시한 탁상공론에 불과하다.

That policy is nothing more than armchair theory that ignores realistic constraints.

Idiom '탁상공론' (armchair theory)

Synonyme

제한 구속 억제 한계

Gegenteile

자유 허용

Häufige Kollokationen

시간적 제약

공간적 제약

법적 제약

경제적 제약

신체적 제약

기술적 제약

제약을 받다

제약이 따르다

제약을 가하다

제약에서 벗어나다

Häufige Phrasen

제약 조건

— A condition that must be met or that limits a solution.

계약서의 제약 조건을 확인하세요.

아무런 제약 없이

— Without any constraints whatsoever.

아무런 제약 없이 자유롭게 이용하세요.

제약이 심하다

— The constraints are severe or strict.

이곳은 행동의 제약이 심한 곳이다.

제약 요인

— A factor that acts as a constraint.

성장의 주요 제약 요인을 분석했다.

제약 사항

— Items or points that are restricted.

공고문의 제약 사항을 잘 읽어보세요.

제약이 있다

— There are constraints.

이 계획에는 몇 가지 제약이 있다.

제약을 두다

— To place or set constraints.

사용 시간에 제약을 두기로 했다.

제약이 따르기 마련이다

— Constraints are bound to follow.

새로운 시도에는 제약이 따르기 마련이다.

현실적인 제약

— Practical or realistic constraints.

현실적인 제약을 무시할 수 없다.

사회적 제약

— Constraints imposed by society.

여성들의 활동에 대한 사회적 제약.

Wird oft verwechselt mit

제약 vs 제한 (Je-han)

Je-han is for specific limits like speed or age. Je-yak is for abstract constraints like time or law.

제약 vs 제약 (製藥)

The homophone meaning 'pharmaceutical.' Distinguish by context (medicine vs. rules).

제약 vs 규제 (Gyu-je)

Gyu-je is the act of regulating; Je-yak is the resulting state of being constrained.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"창살 없는 감옥"

— A prison without bars; feeling restricted by society or duty.

그의 삶은 창살 없는 감옥 같았다.

Literary

"손발이 묶이다"

— To have one's hands and feet tied; to be unable to act due to constraints.

예산이 깎여서 손발이 묶인 상태다.

Informal/Metaphoric

"우물 안 개구리"

— A frog in a well; someone with a limited perspective due to constraints.

제약된 환경에서는 우물 안 개구리가 되기 쉽다.

Common Idiom

"굴레를 벗다"

— To take off the yoke; to free oneself from constraints.

그는 드디어 가문의 굴레를 벗었다.

Literary

"날개가 꺾이다"

— To have one's wings broken; to have one's freedom or ambition restricted.

실패로 인해 그의 날개가 꺾였다.

Poetic

"숨통을 조이다"

— To tighten the windpipe; to impose suffocating constraints.

과도한 세금이 서민의 숨통을 조인다.

Strong/Metaphoric

"발목을 잡다"

— To grab someone's ankle; to hinder or hold someone back with constraints.

과거의 실수가 그의 발목을 잡았다.

Very Common

"가두어 두다"

— To keep someone locked up; to restrict someone's potential.

아이를 틀에 가두어 두지 마세요.

Neutral

"그물에 걸리다"

— To be caught in a net; to be trapped by legal or social constraints.

그는 법의 그물에 걸려 제약을 받게 되었다.

Metaphoric

"벽에 부딪히다"

— To hit a wall; to face an insurmountable constraint.

연구가 예산 문제로 벽에 부딪혔다.

Common

Leicht verwechselbar

제약 vs 제한

Both translate to 'limit' or 'restriction'.

제한 is a boundary (speed limit); 제약 is a condition (budget constraint).

속도 제한 (Speed limit) vs. 예산 제약 (Budget constraint)

제약 vs 규제

Both involve stopping someone from doing something.

규제 is an active rule by an authority; 제약 is the abstract condition of being limited.

정부 규제 (Gov regulation) vs. 시간적 제약 (Temporal constraint)

제약 vs 억제

Both involve holding something back.

억제 is usually internal suppression (emotions, appetite); 제약 is external limitation.

식욕 억제 (Appetite suppression) vs. 법적 제약 (Legal constraint)

제약 vs 한계

Both mean a point you can't go past.

한계 is the ultimate peak of capacity; 제약 is a circumstantial hurdle.

능력의 한계 (Limit of ability) vs. 공간적 제약 (Spatial constraint)

제약 vs 구속

Both mean being bound.

구속 is often physical (arrest) or highly restrictive; 제약 is formal and situational.

피의자 구속 (Arrest of suspect) vs. 사회적 제약 (Social constraint)

Satzmuster

[Noun] 제약이 있어요.

시간 제약이 있어요.

[Noun]의 제약 때문에 [Action].

돈의 제약 때문에 못 가요.

[Noun]의 제약을 받다.

법의 제약을 받아요.

[Adjective]적 제약이 따르다.

현실적 제약이 따릅니다.

제약에도 불구하고 [Action].

제약에도 불구하고 해냈어요.

제약을 가하다/타파하다.

자유에 제약을 가하다.

제약 요인을 분석하다.

제약 요인을 분석해야 합니다.

본질적 제약을 초월하다.

인간의 본질적 제약을 초월하다.

Wortfamilie

Substantive

제약 (restriction)

제약성 (restrictiveness)

제약자 (restricter)

Verben

제약하다 (to restrict/constrain)

제약받다 (to be restricted)

Adjektive

제약적 (restrictive/constrained)

Verwandt

제한 (limit)

규제 (regulation)

약속 (promise)

조건 (condition)

범위 (scope)

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So verwendest du es

frequency

High in formal contexts; medium in casual speech.

Häufige Fehler

속도 제약 → 속도 제한
Speed limits are physical/numerical boundaries, so '제한' is the correct term.
제약을 만들다 → 제약을 두다 / 제약을 가하다
We 'place' or 'impose' constraints rather than 'making' them like an object.
제약 회사에서 일해요 (meaning restriction) → 제약 (製藥) 회사
This sounds like you work for a 'restriction company' instead of a pharmaceutical one if you don't know the homophone.
제약이 없어요 (for a limited time offer) → 제한이 없어요
For specific offers or quantities, '제한' is more natural.
나의 제약 → 나의 한계 / 신체적 제약
'My constraint' sounds awkward; use 'my limit' or specify the type of constraint.

Tipps

Use with -적

Pair it with words ending in -적 (like 시간적, 공간적) to sound like a native professional.

Check the Hanja

Remember 制 (control) for restriction and 製 (make) for medicine. This helps in reading.

Particle Choice

Use '에' for the target of the constraint (예: 행동에 제약을 주다).

TOPIK Tip

Use '제약' in the writing section to discuss social obstacles for higher points.

Polite Refusal

Say '여러 제약이 있어서...' to politely say you can't do something without sounding rude.

Structural Thinking

Think of '제약' as the 'rules of the game' that you have to play within.

Synonym Variety

Don't just use '제한.' Switch to '제약' to show off your B2 level vocabulary.

News Context

If the news mentions '수출' (export) or '수입' (import), '제약' almost always means trade restrictions.

Social Context

In Korea, '사회적 제약' often refers to traditional expectations that limit individual freedom.

Yak Mnemonic

A 'Yak' (animal) is tied up—it has constraints!

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Imagine you are in a **Jail** (Je) and you are tied to a **Yak** (Yak). The Jail and the Yak are your constraints!

Visuelle Assoziation

A person trying to reach a star but being held back by a heavy chain labeled 'Budget' or 'Time'.

Word Web

Time Money Law Space Constraint Restriction Limit Rule

Herausforderung

Try to list three '제약' you face in your daily life using the phrase '...의 제약이 있어요'.

Wortherkunft

Derived from the Hanja characters 制 (제) meaning 'to manufacture, control, or system' and 約 (약) meaning 'to bind, promise, or simplify'.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: The original sense implies a binding rule or a system that keeps things in check.

Sino-Korean (Hanja-based).

Kultureller Kontext

No specific sensitivities, but avoid using it to describe people's disabilities unless in a clinical or very formal respectful context (신체적 제약).

In English, we might say 'limitations' or 'bottlenecks.' '제약' covers both but sounds slightly more formal.

Misaeng (Drama) - Frequent use of business constraints. TOPIK II Essay Topics - Often asks about social constraints. Korean News Headlines - Common in trade and law sections.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Business Meeting

예산 제약
시간적 제약
인력 제약
제약 조건 확인

Legal Discussion

법적 제약
규정상 제약
권리 제약
제약을 가하다

Academic Research

연구의 제약점
기술적 제약
데이터 제약
제약 요인 분석

Daily Planning

장소 제약
날씨 제약
현실적 제약
제약 없이

Medical/Health

신체적 제약
활동 제약
음식 제약
제약을 받다

Gesprächseinstiege

"요즘 일하면서 느끼는 가장 큰 제약은 무엇인가요?"

"시간적 제약이 없다면 무엇을 가장 하고 싶으세요?"

"새로운 기술이 우리의 신체적 제약을 해결할 수 있을까요?"

"제약이 창의성에 도움이 된다는 의견에 동의하시나요?"

"법적 제약 때문에 포기했던 계획이 있나요?"

Tagebuch-Impulse

내가 현재 겪고 있는 현실적인 제약 세 가지와 그것을 극복할 방법을 써보세요.

제약이 없는 삶은 정말 행복할까요? 자신의 생각을 논리적으로 서술하세요.

과거와 비교했을 때, 현대인들이 느끼는 새로운 제약은 무엇인지 적어보세요.

어떤 제약에도 불구하고 꼭 이루고 싶은 꿈에 대해 이야기해 보세요.

내가 만약 법을 만든다면, 어떤 제약을 없애고 싶은지 설명해 보세요.

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

No, for speed limits, you must use '제한' (속도 제한). '제약' is for abstract conditions like 'time constraints' or 'legal constraints.'

No. In that context, '제약' (製藥) means 'pharmaceutical' or 'medicine-making.' It's a homophone with different Hanja.

The most common verbs are '받다' (to receive/be under), '있다' (to have/exist), and '따르다' (to follow/accompany).

You say '아무런 제약 없이' or '제약 없이.'

Usually, yes, as it implies a limitation. However, in creative contexts, people say '제약이 창의성을 돕는다' (constraints help creativity).

You can use it for people's actions (행동의 제약), but don't use it to describe a person's character.

'제약적' means 'having the nature of a constraint,' while '제한적' means 'limited' or 'finite' (e.g., limited edition).

It's less common in casual chats with friends but very common in workplace discussions or when talking about serious topics.

No, it's almost always abstract. For a physical wall or barrier, use '장벽' or '벽.'

It's grammatically okay but sounds a bit unnatural. '제한하다' or '제약을 가하다' are much better choices.

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