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A2 adjective 8 Min. Lesezeit

비판적인

bipanjeogin

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At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word '비판적인' (critical) very often. It is a bit advanced for beginners. However, you might hear it when people talk about 'bad' reviews or someone being 'picky'. Think of it as a way to say someone is looking for mistakes. You can remember it as 'bi-pan' (criticism) + 'jeok' (like/ish). At this stage, just focus on recognizing that it relates to a negative or questioning opinion.

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At the A2 level, you should start recognizing '비판적인' in simple contexts like movie reviews or news headlines. You can use it to describe a person who is 'critical' or an 'opinion' that is critical. Remember the structure: [비판적인] + [Noun]. For example, '비판적인 뉴스' (critical news). It's a step up from just saying '안 좋아요' (it's not good). It shows you understand that someone is *evaluating* something, not just disliking it.

By B1, you should be able to use '비판적인' to express your own analytical thoughts. You can use it in the phrase '비판적 사고' (critical thinking) which is very common in schools. You should also be able to change it into an adverb: '비판적으로' (critically). For example, '뉴스를 비판적으로 보세요' (Watch the news critically). This shows you are moving from simple descriptions to more abstract concepts about how people think.

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At the B2 level, you should understand the nuance between '비판적인' (analytical criticism) and '비난적인' (emotional blaming). You should be able to use this word in formal writing, like essays or reports. You will often use it with particles like '~에 대해 비판적인 시각을 갖다' (to have a critical view about...). You should also be comfortable using it in the predicate form '비판적이다' to describe complex social situations or policies.

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At the C1 level, you use '비판적인' with precision in professional and academic settings. You understand that it is a key part of '비판적 담론' (critical discourse). You can distinguish it from '비평적' (related to professional art/literary critique). You use it to discuss the media's role in society or to analyze philosophical arguments. Your sentences will be complex, using the word to qualify abstract nouns like '성찰' (reflection) or '기능' (function).

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At the C2 level, '비판적인' is a tool for deep intellectual engagement. You can discuss the '비판적 리얼리즘' (critical realism) in literature or '비판적 이론' (critical theory) in sociology. You recognize the subtle tone shifts when the word is used ironically or sarcastically in political satire. You can use it to describe the most minute flaws in a logical proof or a masterpiece, and your usage is indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker.

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비판적인 means 'critical' in an analytical or disapproving sense.
It is derived from '비판' (criticism) and is used to modify nouns.
Commonly used in academic, media, and professional contexts in Korea.
It should not be confused with 'critical' meaning 'essential' or 'important'.

The Korean word 비판적인 (bipan-jeogin) is an adjective derived from the noun 비판 (criticism) and the suffix -적 (which turns nouns into attributes, similar to '-ic' or '-al' in English). In its most fundamental sense, it describes an attitude or perspective that involves judging the merits and faults of something or someone. While in English 'critical' can sometimes mean 'essential' (e.g., a critical situation), the Korean word 비판적인 almost exclusively refers to the analytical or disapproving nature of one's thoughts or comments.

Analytical Usage: In academic or professional settings, being 비판적인 means engaging in critical thinking. It involves not taking information at face value but questioning its validity and logic.
Social Usage: In social contexts, it often carries a slightly negative nuance, describing someone who is hard to please or who frequently points out flaws in others' work or behavior.

그는 매사에 너무 비판적인 태도를 보입니다. (He shows a very critical attitude toward everything.)

Understanding the nuance between 'constructive criticism' and 'mere complaining' is vital when using this word. In Korean culture, which often values harmony (인화), being openly 비판적인 can sometimes be perceived as aggressive or confrontational if not phrased carefully. Therefore, you will often see it paired with words like 시각 (viewpoint) or 사고 (thinking) to soften the blow and imply a logical process rather than a personal attack.

우리는 정보를 비판적인 시각으로 바라봐야 합니다. (We must look at information from a critical perspective.)

Nuance: Criticism vs. Blame: Do not confuse 비판적 (critical/analytical) with 비난적 (blaming/reproachful). The former implies a level of logic, while the latter implies emotional attack.

In the age of social media, this word is frequently used to discuss 'netizens' or 'critics' who analyze public figures. It is a word that moves between the worlds of high-level academic discourse and everyday complaints about a movie or a restaurant service. To master this word, one must recognize that it is not inherently bad; rather, it is a tool for evaluation.

언론의 비판적인 기능이 마비되었습니다. (The critical function of the press has been paralyzed.)

Formal vs. Informal: While the word itself is somewhat formal, it is used in casual conversation to describe a 'picky' friend, though '까다롭다' might be more common for food or fashion.

The grammar of 비판적인 is straightforward as it functions as a typical Korean adjective ending in -적인. When it modifies a noun, it stays in the form 비판적인. When it functions as the predicate of a sentence, it changes to 비판적이다 (to be critical). Understanding these shifts is key for A2 and B1 learners who are moving beyond simple adjectives like 'good' or 'bad'.

Noun Modification: Structure: [비판적인] + [Noun]. Example: 비판적인 의견 (a critical opinion).
Predicate Usage: Structure: [Subject] + [비판적이다/비판적이에요]. Example: 그는 매우 비판적이다 (He is very critical).

그 영화에 대해 비판적인 리뷰가 많아요. (There are many critical reviews about that movie.)

One important grammatical aspect is the use of particles. When you are critical *of* something, you use the particle ~에 대해(서) or ~에. This helps specify the target of the criticism. For example, '정부에 대해 비판적인' (critical of the government). Unlike English where 'critical' can be followed by 'of', Korean requires these specific postpositions to link the adjective to its object of focus.

문제를 비판적으로 검토해 봅시다. (Let's examine the problem critically.)

When constructing sentences, pay attention to the level of formality. In a presentation, you might say "비판적인 시각이 필요합니다" (A critical perspective is needed). In a casual conversation with a friend who is being too negative, you might say "왜 그렇게 비판적이야?" (Why are you being so critical?). The word transitions smoothly between these registers, though it always maintains a slightly intellectual or serious tone.

Common Pairings: 비판적인 생각 (critical thoughts), 비판적인 입장 (critical stance), 비판적인 독자 (critical reader).

Finally, remember that 비판적인 is a 'Sino-Korean' word (Hanja-based). Because of this, it is very common in written texts, newspapers, and formal speeches. If you are reading a Korean editorial, you will likely see this word multiple times. It serves as a marker of a more advanced vocabulary level, showing that the speaker can discuss abstract concepts and evaluations.

그의 비판적인 질문에 교수님도 당황하셨다. (Even the professor was flustered by his critical question.)

In South Korea, you will encounter 비판적인 in several specific environments. First and foremost is the world of **media and news**. News anchors and journalists constantly use this word when discussing public policy, corporate actions, or international relations. They might report on a 'critical atmosphere' (비판적인 분위기) regarding a new law. If you watch talk shows like '100-Minute Debate' (100분 토론), the word is central to the dialogue.

In the Classroom: Korean students are frequently told to have a 비판적인 사고방식 (critical way of thinking). In universities, professors encourage students not to just memorize but to analyze texts critically.
In the Workplace: During project reviews or feedback sessions, a manager might offer a 비판적인 피드백. While it sounds harsh, it is often framed as necessary for improvement.

이번 기획안에 대해 팀장님이 상당히 비판적인 의견을 내놓으셨어요. (The team leader gave quite critical opinions on this proposal.)

Another common place is **online communities and reviews**. Whether it's a new K-drama, a tech gadget, or a restaurant, 'netizens' (네티즌) are known for being 비판적인. You might see a blog post titled "이 제품에 대한 비판적인 고찰" (A critical consideration of this product). In this context, it suggests a deep-dive review that doesn't shy away from pointing out the cons alongside the pros.

대중의 비판적인 반응이 거셉니다. (The public's critical reaction is fierce.)

Finally, you'll hear it in **political discourse**. Political opponents are always 비판적인 of each other's policies. If you listen to a radio interview with a politician, they will frequently use the phrase "저는 그 정책에 대해 매우 비판적입니다" (I am very critical of 그 policy). It's a standard way to voice opposition without necessarily using more aggressive or emotional language like 'hating' or 'fighting'.

Cultural Note: Korean society is often described as having a high 'education fever,' which leads to a very 비판적인 eye toward social standards and personal success.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when using 비판적인 is assuming it covers all meanings of the English word 'critical'. In English, 'critical' can mean 'extremely important' (e.g., "This is a critical moment"). However, in Korean, 비판적인 **cannot** be used this way. For 'important' or 'crucial', you must use words like 중요한 (jung-yo-han) or 결정적인 (gyeol-jeong-jeogin).

Mistake 1: Confusing Importance with Criticism: Incorrect: "비판적인 시간" (Critical time - meaning 'important time'). Correct: "중요한 시간".
Mistake 2: Confusing with 'Judgmental': While they overlap, 비판적인 sounds more logical/academic. If you mean someone is judgmental in a petty way, 남을 판단하기 좋아하는 might be more accurate.

❌ 이 문제는 우리 회사에 비판적인 영향을 줍니다. (This problem has a 'critical' [analytical] effect on our company - WRONG).
✅ 이 문제는 우리 회사에 결정적인 영향을 줍니다. (This problem has a decisive/critical effect - CORRECT).

Another common error is the confusion between **비판 (criticism)** and **비난 (blame/condemnation)**. As mentioned before, 비판 is ideally based on objective facts and logic. 비난 is often emotional and aimed at hurting someone. If you use 비판적인 when you actually mean someone is being 'mean' or 'insulting', you might accidentally give them more credit for logic than they deserve.

Learners also sometimes struggle with the particle usage. They might try to say "그를 비판적인" (Critical him), but in Korean, you need to use the descriptive form properly. If you want to say "He is critical," it's "그는 비판적이다." If you want to say "He is a critical person," it's "그는 비판적인 사람이다." The '-인' ending is purely for modifying a noun that follows it immediately.

Mistake 3: Overusing it for 'Picky': If a friend doesn't like the food, saying they are 비판적 sounds like they are writing a food column. Use 까다롭다 (picky) for everyday preferences.

To truly master Korean, you need to know the alternatives to 비판적인 and when to use them. While 비판적인 is the go-to word for 'critical' in an evaluative sense, other words capture different shades of meaning.

비평적인 (Bipyeong-jeogin): This is very similar but is specifically used for 'critique' in art, literature, or film. It implies a professional review rather than just a critical attitude.
부정적인 (Bujeong-jeogin): Meaning 'negative'. If someone is critical because they just don't like anything, they are being 부정적인. 비판적인 is more about the 'why' (analysis), while 부정적인 is about the 'feeling' (no).

그의 태도는 비판적이라기보다 단순히 부정적입니다. (His attitude is more simply negative than critical.)

If you want to describe someone who is sharp and discerning, you might use 날카로운 (nalkaroun - sharp). A 'sharp analysis' (날카로운 분석) is often a compliment, whereas a 'critical analysis' (비판적인 분석) is more neutral. If someone is very strict or severe in their criticism, you can use 엄격한 (eomgyeokhan - strict) or 냉철한 (naengcheolhan - cool-headed and piercing).

회의적인 (Hoeui-jeogin): Meaning 'skeptical'. If your 'critical' stance is specifically about doubting if something will work, this is the better word. "그 계획에 대해 회의적이다" (I am skeptical about that plan).

In summary, use 비판적인 when there is a logical evaluation involved. Use 부정적인 for a general bad vibe, 비평적인 for art reviews, and 회의적인 for doubt. Learning these distinctions will make your Korean sound much more precise and natural.

전문가들은 이 기술의 미래에 대해 비판적인 시각을 유지하고 있습니다. (Experts maintain a critical view on the future of this technology.)

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

The suffix '-적' (的) originally meant 'target' or 'bright' in Chinese, but in modern Korean, it works exactly like the English suffix '-ic' or '-al' to create adjectives from nouns.

Aussprachehilfe

UK /bi.pʰan.dʑʌk.in/

US /bi.pʰan.dʑʌk.in/

Stress is generally even in Korean, but a slight emphasis may fall on '비' (bi) and '적' (jeok).

Reimt sich auf

학문적인 (hangmun-jeogin) 열정적인 (yeoljeong-jeogin) 사회적인 (sahoe-jeogin) 긍정적인 (geungjeong-jeogin) 부정적인 (bujeong-jeogin) 감정적인 (gamjeong-jeogin) 현실적인 (hyeonsil-jeogin) 창의적인 (chang-uijeogin)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing '비' like 'bee' with too much vibration; it should be a light 'b' sound.
Mispronouncing '판' as 'pan'; it requires an aspirated 'p' (pʰ).
Confusing '적' with 'jeok' (like 'joke'); it should have a shorter vowel sound.
Dropping the 'ㄴ' sound at the end of '적인'.
Mixing up '비판' (bipan) with '비반' (biban).

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 3/5

Common in newspapers and books; easy to recognize once the root '비판' is known.

Schreiben 4/5

Requires knowledge of -적인 suffix and proper particle usage (~에 대해).

Sprechen 4/5

Can sound too formal if used in casual daily contexts where '까다롭다' or '부정적' might fit better.

Hören 3/5

Frequently heard in news and debates; clear pronunciation.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

비판 (criticism) 생각 (thought) 사람 (person) 의견 (opinion) -적 (suffix)

Als Nächstes lernen

비평 (critique) 비난 (blame) 분석 (analysis) 객관적인 (objective) 주관적인 (subjective)

Fortgeschritten

변증법 (dialectics) 해체주의 (deconstructionism) 인식론 (epistemology)

Wichtige Grammatik

The '-적인' suffix to create adjectives from nouns.

사회 (society) -> 사회적인 (social), 비판 (criticism) -> 비판적인 (critical)

Using '~에 대해' to specify the object of an adjective.

정부에 대해 비판적인 시각 (A critical view toward the government)

Adverbialization with '-적으로'.

비판적으로 분석하다 (To analyze critically)

The descriptive adjective form '-ㄴ/은' for modifying nouns.

비판적인 사람 (A critical person)

Predicate form '-적이다'.

그는 비판적이다 (He is critical)

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Beispiele nach Niveau

비판적인 사람이 아니에요.

I am not a critical person.

Noun + 이/가 아니에요 (Negative sentence)

그 영화는 비판적인 리뷰가 많아요.

That movie has many critical reviews.

Noun + 이/가 많아요 (There are many...)

비판적인 말을 하지 마세요.

Don't say critical things.

~지 마세요 (Don't do...)

그는 친구에게 비판적이에요.

He is critical of his friend.

~에게 (to/of someone)

비판적인 생각은 중요해요.

Critical thoughts are important.

Subject marker ~은/는

너무 비판적인 태도는 안 좋아요.

A too critical attitude is not good.

Adverb '너무' (too/very)

선생님은 비판적인 학생을 좋아해요.

The teacher likes critical students.

Object marker ~을/를

이 책은 조금 비판적이에요.

This book is a bit critical.

Adverb '조금' (a little)

그는 사회에 대해 비판적인 시각을 가졌어요.

He has a critical view of society.

~에 대해 (about/toward)

우리는 비판적인 사고를 배워야 합니다.

We must learn critical thinking.

~어야 합니다 (must/should)

그 기사는 정부에 매우 비판적입니다.

That article is very critical of the government.

Formal ending ~습니다

비판적인 의견도 들어보세요.

Please listen to critical opinions too.

~도 (also/too)

그녀는 자기 자신에게 너무 비판적이에요.

She is too critical of herself.

Reflexive '자기 자신' (oneself)

비판적인 질문을 해도 될까요?

May I ask a critical question?

~해도 될까요? (May I...?)

부모님은 제 계획에 비판적이셨어요.

My parents were critical of my plan.

Honorific past tense ~이셨어요

비판적인 댓글이 달렸어요.

A critical comment was posted.

Passive-like '달리다' (to be hung/posted)

모든 정보를 비판적으로 받아들여야 해요.

You must accept all information critically.

Adverbial form ~적으로 (critically)

그의 비판적인 태도가 팀 분위기를 망쳤다.

His critical attitude ruined the team atmosphere.

Past tense ~었다

이 문제는 비판적인 검토가 필요합니다.

This issue needs a critical review.

Noun + 이/가 필요하다 (to need...)

기자들은 사건을 비판적인 눈으로 봅니다.

Journalists look at events with a critical eye.

~으로 (with/as)

비판적인 시각 없이는 발전할 수 없어요.

You cannot develop without a critical perspective.

~없이는 (without)

그는 항상 남의 일에 비판적이다.

He is always critical of others' business.

Plain form ~다

우리는 비판적인 논의를 통해 결론을 냈다.

We reached a conclusion through critical discussion.

~를 통해 (through)

그 영화 평론가는 매우 비판적인 것으로 유명하다.

That film critic is famous for being very critical.

~는 것으로 유명하다 (famous for...)

언론의 비판적인 기능이 상실되었다는 지적이 있다.

There are points that the critical function of the press has been lost.

Quotative ~는다는 지적이 있다

그는 현대 사회에 대해 상당히 비판적인 입장이다.

He takes quite a critical stance toward modern society.

Noun '입장' (stance/position)

비판적인 사고력을 기르는 것이 교육의 목표입니다.

Developing critical thinking skills is the goal of education.

~는 것 (nominalizer)

그 프로젝트는 시작부터 비판적인 여론에 부딪혔다.

The project faced critical public opinion from the start.

~에 부딪히다 (to bump into/face)

우리는 고정관념에 대해 비판적인 질문을 던져야 한다.

We must throw critical questions at stereotypes.

Idiom '질문을 던지다' (to pose a question)

그녀의 비판적인 분석은 매우 설득력이 있었다.

Her critical analysis was very persuasive.

Noun '설득력' (persuasiveness)

과학자들은 새로운 이론에 대해 비판적인 태도를 유지한다.

Scientists maintain a critical attitude toward new theories.

Verb '유지하다' (to maintain)

비판적인 독자들은 작가의 의도를 파악하려고 노력한다.

Critical readers try to grasp the author's intention.

~으려고 노력하다 (try to...)

이 논문은 자본주의의 폐해에 대해 비판적인 고찰을 담고 있다.

This paper contains a critical consideration of the harmful effects of capitalism.

Noun '고찰' (contemplation/study)

그의 연설은 현 정권에 대한 비판적인 기조로 일관했다.

His speech was consistent with a critical tone toward the current regime.

~로 일관하다 (to be consistent with)

우리는 서구 중심적인 시각에서 벗어나 비판적인 성찰을 해야 한다.

We must break away from Western-centric perspectives and engage in critical reflection.

Noun '성찰' (reflection)

예술가는 사회의 모순을 비판적인 시선으로 포착해낸다.

Artists capture the contradictions of society with a critical eye.

Verb '포착하다' (to capture/detect)

그 철학자는 이성 만능주의에 대해 매우 비판적인 견해를 피력했다.

The philosopher expressed a very critical view on rationalism.

Verb '피력하다' (to express/voice)

비판적인 지성인으로서의 역할을 다해야 합니다.

One must fulfill the role of a critical intellectual.

~로서 (as a...)

역사학자들은 사료를 비판적으로 검증하는 과정을 거친다.

Historians go through a process of critically verifying historical records.

Noun '사료' (historical materials)

그의 비판적인 통찰력은 문제의 본질을 꿰뚫고 있었다.

His critical insight pierced through to the essence of the problem.

Verb '꿰뚫다' (to pierce/penetrate)

포스트모더니즘은 거대 서사에 대해 근본적으로 비판적인 태도를 취한다.

Postmodernism takes a fundamentally critical stance toward grand narratives.

Academic term '거대 서사' (grand narrative)

비판적인 리얼리즘의 관점에서 이 소설을 분석할 수 있다.

This novel can be analyzed from the perspective of critical realism.

Literary term '비판적 리얼리즘'

그의 비판적인 안목은 시대의 흐름을 정확히 읽어내고 있었다.

His critical discernment was accurately reading the flow of the times.

Noun '안목' (discernment/eye)

사회학적 상상력은 일상적인 삶에 대해 비판적인 거리를 두는 것에서 시작된다.

Sociological imagination begins with keeping a critical distance from everyday life.

Phrase '거리를 두다' (to keep distance)

비판적인 담론의 형성은 민주주의 공론장의 핵심적인 요소이다.

The formation of critical discourse is a core element of the democratic public sphere.

Academic term '공론장' (public sphere)

그 평론가는 감독의 미학적 선택에 대해 비판적인 의문을 제기했다.

The critic raised a critical question about the director's aesthetic choices.

Phrase '의문을 제기하다' (to raise a question)

비판적인 사고가 결여된 맹목적인 추종은 위험할 수 있다.

Blind following lacking critical thinking can be dangerous.

Noun '추종' (following/adherence)

이 저작은 근대성에 대한 비판적인 해체 작업을 시도하고 있다.

This work attempts a critical deconstruction of modernity.

Academic term '해체' (deconstruction)

Häufige Kollokationen

비판적인 시각

비판적인 사고

비판적인 태도

비판적인 의견

비판적인 검토

비판적인 질문

비판적인 입장

비판적인 반응

비판적인 분석

비판적인 독자

Häufige Phrasen

비판적으로 생각하다

— To think critically. Used to encourage logical analysis.

문제를 비판적으로 생각하는 습관을 기르세요.

비판을 받다

— To receive criticism. Used when someone is being judged.

그의 행동은 많은 비판을 받았다.

비판의 목소리

— Voice of criticism. Used to describe collective disapproval.

사회 곳곳에서 비판의 목소리가 높다.

비판적 지지

— Critical support. Supporting someone while still pointing out their flaws.

우리는 그 후보에게 비판적 지지를 보낸다.

건설적인 비판

— Constructive criticism. Criticism meant to improve something.

건설적인 비판은 성장에 도움이 된다.

무차별적인 비판

— Indiscriminate criticism. Criticizing everything without logic.

무차별적인 비판은 삼가야 한다.

신랄한 비판

— Searing/Sharp criticism. Very harsh and direct criticism.

평론가는 영화에 대해 신랄한 비판을 가했다.

비판적 거리 두기

— Keeping a critical distance. Not getting too emotionally involved to remain objective.

대상과 비판적 거리 두기가 필요하다.

비판 정신

— Critical spirit. The mindset of questioning and evaluating.

지식인에게는 비판 정신이 필요하다.

비판의 여지

— Room for criticism. Something that isn't perfect and can be criticized.

그 계획은 비판의 여지가 많다.

Wird oft verwechselt mit

비판적인 vs 비난적인

비난적인 is emotional and attacking; 비판적인 is logical and evaluative.

비판적인 vs 비평적인

비평적인 is specific to art and literature reviews; 비판적인 is general.

비판적인 vs 중요한

In English, 'critical' can mean 'important', but 비판적인 NEVER means 'important' in Korean.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"입에 칼을 물다"

— To speak very sharply and critically. (Literally: to hold a knife in one's mouth).

그는 오늘 입에 칼을 문 듯 비판적인 말을 쏟아냈다.

Informal/Metaphorical

"뼈를 때리다"

— To say something so critically accurate that it hurts. (Literally: to hit the bone).

그의 비판적인 조언은 정말 뼈를 때리는 말이었다.

Slang/Modern

"찬물을 끼얹다"

— To dampen the mood with a critical remark. (Literally: to pour cold water).

좋은 분위기에 비판적인 말로 찬물을 끼얹지 마세요.

Neutral

"송곳 같다"

— To be like an awl; very sharp and critical. (Literally: to be like an awl).

그의 비판은 송곳 같이 날카롭다.

Neutral/Metaphorical

"입방아에 오르다"

— To become the subject of critical gossip. (Literally: to go up on the mouth-mill).

그의 행동이 사람들의 비판적인 입방아에 올랐다.

Neutral

"도마 위에 오르다"

— To be put on the 'cutting board' for intense criticism/scrutiny.

정부의 새로운 정책이 비판의 도마 위에 올랐다.

Formal/Media

"가시 돋친 말"

— Thorny words; words full of critical or hurtful intent.

그녀는 비판적인 가시 돋친 말을 내뱉었다.

Neutral

"색안경을 끼고 보다"

— To look through colored glasses; to be biasedly critical.

너무 비판적인 색안경을 끼고 보지 마세요.

Neutral

"꼬투리를 잡다"

— To catch a 'pod'; to find a small flaw to criticize.

그는 항상 비판적인 태도로 남의 꼬투리를 잡는다.

Informal

"눈에 불을 켜다"

— To look with eyes lit up; to search intensely for flaws to criticize.

그는 비판적인 실수를 찾으려고 눈에 불을 켰다.

Neutral

Leicht verwechselbar

비판적인 vs 비판 (Bipan)

Noun form of 'criticism'.

비판 is the noun; 비판적인 is the adjective used to describe nouns.

비판을 받다 (receive criticism) vs 비판적인 사람 (critical person).

비판적인 vs 비평 (Bipyeong)

Both involve judging.

비평 is usually professional critique of creative works; 비판 is more general evaluation of ideas or actions.

영화 비평 (movie critique) vs 정책 비판 (policy criticism).

비판적인 vs 비난 (Binan)

Both sound negative.

비난 is 'blame' or 'scolding' without necessarily having a logical basis.

이유 없는 비난 (baseless blame) vs 논리적인 비판 (logical criticism).

비판적인 vs 회의 (Hoeui)

Both involve questioning.

회의 (skepticism) is about doubt; 비판 is about evaluation of merits and faults.

성공에 대해 회의적이다 (skeptical of success) vs 계획에 대해 비판적이다 (critical of the plan).

비판적인 vs 결정적인 (Gyeoljeong-jeogin)

English 'critical' often translates here.

Use this for 'critical' in the sense of 'decisive' or 'crucial'.

결정적인 순간 (critical/decisive moment).

Satzmuster

N은/는 N에 대해 비판적이다

그는 사회에 대해 비판적이다.

비판적인 N이/가 있다

비판적인 리뷰가 있다.

N을/를 비판적으로 V

뉴스를 비판적으로 보세요.

비판적인 N을/를 가지다/갖다

비판적인 시각을 가지세요.

비판적인 N에 부딪히다

비판적인 여론에 부딪혔다.

비판적인 N을/를 제기하다

비판적인 의문을 제기하다.

비판적인 N으로 일관하다

비판적인 기조로 일관했다.

비판적인 N을/를 시도하다

비판적인 해체 작업을 시도하다.

Wortfamilie

Substantive

비판 (criticism)

비판가 (critic)

비판력 (critical faculty)

비판론 (critical theory)

Verben

비판하다 (to criticize)

비판받다 (to be criticized)

Adjektive

비판적 (critical)

비판적인 (critical - modifying form)

Verwandt

비평 (critique)

비난 (blame)

분석 (analysis)

평가 (evaluation)

논평 (commentary)

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So verwendest du es

frequency

High in media, academic, and professional Korean.

Häufige Fehler

Using it for 'urgent'. → 긴급한 (Gingeub-han)
In English, a 'critical situation' is urgent. In Korean, '비판적인 상황' sounds like a situation that is judging something. Use '긴급한' or '위급한'.
Confusing with '비난' (Binan). → 비판 (Bipan)
Don't use '비판적인' for someone who is just being mean or insulting. Use '비난하는' or '공격적인' (aggressive).
Incorrect particle usage. → ~에 대해 비판적인
English says 'critical OF'. Korean requires '~에 대해' (about/toward). Saying '그를 비판적인' is grammatically incorrect.
Using it for food preferences. → 까다로운 (Kkadaroun)
If someone is a 'critical eater', they are '입맛이 까다로운 사람', not '비판적인 식사자'.
Using it as a noun incorrectly. → 비판 (Noun) / 비판적 (Determiner)
Sometimes learners say '그는 비판적인이다'. It should be '비판적이다' (Predicate) or '비판적인 사람이다' (Modifying a noun).

Tipps

Academic Writing

In university essays, use '비판적인 고찰' (critical consideration) as a section header to show you are analyzing the topic deeply.

Root Recognition

Whenever you see '비판' (Bipan), think of a judge's gavel. It's about making a judgment.

Softening Criticism

If you need to be critical in a meeting, start with '제 개인적인 생각으로는...' (In my personal opinion...) to soften the '비판적인' tone.

Adverb Form

Don't forget '비판적으로' (critically). It's very useful for describing *how* you are doing something, like reading or listening.

Face Saving

Remember that being too '비판적인' in public can make others lose face. Use this word carefully in social settings.

News Keywords

In Korean news, '비판적인 시각' is a common phrase used before a reporter gives a detailed analysis of a problem.

Book Titles

You will often see '비판' in titles of philosophy or sociology books. It indicates a deep analytical work.

Critical vs. Important

Always double-check if you mean 'analytical' or 'important'. If it's 'important', '비판적인' is the wrong word.

Professionalism

Using '비판적인' instead of '안 좋은' (not good) instantly makes your Korean sound more educated and precise.

Bipan = Be a Pan

Imagine panning for gold. You are being 'critical' of the dirt to find the valuable gold. Bi-PAN-jeogin.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of a 'BEE' (비) that 'PANS' (판) across a room looking for targets (적) to sting. It's being very 'critical' of everything it sees.

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a person wearing glasses and holding a magnifying glass over a document, circling errors with a red pen. This is the '비판적인' persona.

Word Web

비판 (Criticism) 분석 (Analysis) 논리 (Logic) 판단 (Judgment) 의견 (Opinion) 태도 (Attitude) 시각 (Viewpoint) 사고 (Thinking)

Herausforderung

Try to write three sentences today using '비판적인': one about a movie, one about a news article, and one about yourself.

Wortherkunft

From the Sino-Korean (Hanja) roots 批判 (Bipan) + 的 (Jeok). 批 (bi) means 'to strike' or 'to comment', and 判 (pan) means 'to judge' or 'to decide'.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: To judge based on standards; to distinguish right from wrong.

Sino-Korean (Hanja)

Kultureller Kontext

Be careful when describing a superior (boss/elder) as '비판적인'. It can sound disrespectful if not used in a professional context. Use '꼼꼼하신' (meticulous) if you want to be more polite.

English speakers might use 'critical' to mean 'urgent', but in Korean, you must use '긴급한' or '중요한'. Using '비판적인' for an emergency will cause confusion.

Kant's 'Critique of Pure Reason' is translated in Korean as '순수이성비판'. The 'Critical Theory' of the Frankfurt School is '비판 이론'. Many Korean news segments are titled '비판적인 시각' (A Critical View).

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Movie/Book Reviews

비판적인 리뷰
비판적인 평론
비판적인 독자
비판적인 시각

Politics/News

비판적인 여론
비판적인 기사
정부에 비판적인
비판적인 입장

Education/School

비판적 사고력
비판적으로 읽기
비판적인 토론
비판적 지성

Workplace

비판적인 피드백
비판적인 검토
비판적인 의견
비판적인 보고서

Personal Relationships

비판적인 성격
비판적인 말투
너무 비판적인
자기 비판적인

Gesprächseinstiege

"그 영화에 대해 비판적인 의견이 많은데, 어떻게 생각하세요? (There are many critical opinions about that movie; what do you think?)"

"요즘 언론이 너무 정부에 비판적인 것 같지 않나요? (Don't you think the media is too critical of the government lately?)"

"비판적인 사고력을 키우기 위해 어떤 노력을 하시나요? (What efforts do you make to develop critical thinking skills?)"

"본인 스스로에게 비판적인 편인가요? (Are you the type to be critical of yourself?)"

"비판적인 피드백을 들었을 때 어떻게 대처하시나요? (How do you handle it when you hear critical feedback?)"

Tagebuch-Impulse

오늘 내가 비판적인 시각으로 바라본 사회 문제는 무엇인가? (What social issue did I look at with a critical view today?)

내가 타인에게 너무 비판적인 태도를 보인 적은 없는가? (Have I ever shown a too critical attitude toward others?)

비판적인 사고가 우리 삶에 왜 중요한지 써보세요. (Write about why critical thinking is important in our lives.)

누군가로부터 비판적인 말을 들었을 때의 기분과 배운 점. (Feelings and lessons learned when hearing critical words from someone.)

내가 좋아하는 예술 작품에 대해 비판적인 리뷰를 작성해 보자. (Let's write a critical review of an artwork I like.)

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

No. In English, a 'critical condition' means very serious. In Korean, you would use '위독한' (widok-han) or '심각한' (simgak-han). '비판적인 상태' would sound like the patient's condition is judging something.

Not at all. In an academic context, being '비판적인' is a highly valued skill. It means you are thinking deeply and not just accepting things blindly. However, in personal relationships, it can be seen as negative if overused.

'까다로운' (kkadaroun) means picky or fussy, usually about food, clothes, or small details. '비판적인' is more about ideas, logic, and social issues. You wouldn't usually call someone '비판적인' just because they don't like onions.

The most common term is '비판적 사고' (bipan-jeok sago). You can also say '비판적 사고력' (bipan-jeok sagoryeok) to refer to the 'ability' or 'power' of critical thinking.

No. For a 'critical error', use '치명적인 오류' (chimyeong-jeogin o-ryu), which means 'fatal error', or '중대한 오류' (jungdae-han o-ryu), which means 'serious error'.

'비판적' itself is a 'determiner-noun' (관형사/명사) that can act as a noun or modify another noun. '비판적인' is the specific form used to modify a noun, and '비판적이다' is the form used at the end of a sentence.

Not necessarily. You can be critical of something you love because you want it to be better. This is often called '건설적인 비판' (constructive criticism).

You can say '저는 정부의 정책에 대해 다소 비판적인 입장입니다.' Using '다소' (somewhat) and '입장' (stance) makes it sound more professional and less aggressive.

A common opposite would be '무비판적인 수용' (uncritical acceptance) or '맹목적인 추종' (blind following).

Only if that equipment is somehow performing an analysis. Otherwise, no. If you mean a 'critical component', use '핵심적인 부품' (haeksim-jeogin bupum).

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