When you're just starting out in Polish, words like "historia" are really useful. At the A1 level, you'll often encounter this word when talking about simple past events or school subjects.
It's similar to the English word "history," which makes it easier to remember. You can use it to refer to the study of the past or to a story.
For example, you might say "Uczę się historii" (I am learning history) or "To jest ciekawa historia" (This is an interesting story).
Understanding this word helps you describe basic events and introduce yourself to conversations about the past in a simple way.
When you're talking about "history" in Polish, you'll use the word historia. It's a feminine noun, so it will change its endings depending on the case. For example, if you say "I like history," you'd use historię. If you're talking about a "history lesson," it would be lekcja historii. Keep an ear out for those different endings!
When you're discussing the past, historia is your go-to word. It can refer to the academic discipline of history, as in "I'm studying history at university."
But it also means a story or an account of events, like "Tell me a story about your trip."
It's important to remember the context to know which meaning is intended.
For example, if you're talking about a book, "To ciekawa historia" could mean "This is an interesting story" or "This is interesting history," depending on whether the book is a novel or a historical text.
When discussing history in Polish, it's worth noting the word historia itself can refer to both the academic discipline of history and a personal story or narrative. The context usually makes it clear which meaning is intended.
For instance, if you're talking about World War II, you'd use historia. Similarly, if someone is recounting an interesting event from their past, they might say 'To jest moja historia' (This is my story).
Beyond that, the study of history is historiografia, which refers to the writing of history. A historian is historyk (masculine) or historyczka (feminine).
Understanding these nuances will enrich your comprehension of Polish conversations and texts related to the past and storytelling.
historia in 30 Sekunden
- Past events
- Study of the past
- A story or account
§ Basic Usage: 'historia' as a Noun
'Historia' is a feminine noun in Polish. Just like in English, it can refer to the study of past events or a story/tale. Remember that Polish nouns change their endings depending on their role in a sentence. Don't worry, we'll keep it simple for now.
- Definition
- history (the academic subject, or a story)
Lubię historię.
This means "I like history." Here, 'historię' is in the accusative case because it's the direct object of the verb 'lubić' (to like).
To jest ciekawa historia.
This translates to "This is an interesting story." In this sentence, 'historia' is in the nominative case, acting as the subject complement.
§ Prepositions with 'historia'
While 'historia' itself doesn't always need a preposition, you'll often see it with others to express more complex ideas. Here are a few common ones:
- o (about)
- Preposition
- o (about)
Mówimy o historii Polski.
This means "We are talking about the history of Poland." After 'o' (about), 'historia' changes to 'historii' (locative case). You don't need to know the case name right now, just recognize the pattern.
- z (from/of)
- Preposition
- z (from/of)
fragment historii.
This translates to "A fragment of history." Here, 'z' is implied, and 'historia' again takes the 'i' ending when indicating possession or part of something.
§ Common Phrases with 'historia'
Here are a few useful phrases to get you started:
- Lekcja historii
- Phrase
- history lesson
Mamy lekcję historii.
This means "We have a history lesson." 'Lekcja' is also a feminine noun.
- Opowiadać historię
- Phrase
- to tell a story
Proszę opowiedzieć mi historię.
This translates to "Please tell me a story." Here, 'historię' is again in the accusative case.
As you can see, 'historia' is a versatile word. Pay attention to how it changes its ending, especially when combined with prepositions or used as an object in a sentence. Don't try to memorize all the grammar rules at once. Just practice these examples, and you'll get the hang of it!
§ Mistakes people make with this word
Alright, let's talk about 'historia'. It seems simple, right? 'History'. But there are a couple of common traps English speakers fall into. Pay attention to these, and you'll sound much more natural.
§ Mistake 1: Confusing 'historia' with 'story'
In English, 'history' can mean both the academic subject and a personal account of events (a 'story'). In Polish, 'historia' almost exclusively refers to the past events themselves, the academic discipline, or a narrative that is significant and factual. If you want to talk about a personal anecdote or a made-up tale, you'll need a different word: 'opowiadanie' or 'bajka'.
- DEFINITION
- Opowiadanie (noun): a story, a narrative, a tale (often personal or fictional)
Moja babcia zawsze opowiadała ciekawe opowiadania.
- DEFINITION
- Bajka (noun): a fairy tale, a fable, a made-up story
Czy znasz jakieś polskie bajki?
§ Mistake 2: Gender agreement with adjectives
'Historia' is a feminine noun. This means any adjectives you use with it must also be in their feminine form. This is a basic grammar rule in Polish, but it's easy to forget when you're focusing on vocabulary.
Incorrect:
To jest interesujący historia.
Correct:
To jest interesująca historia.
Remember, feminine adjectives in the singular nominative case usually end with '-a'.
Długa historia (long history)
Trudna historia (difficult history)
Ważna historia (important history)
§ Mistake 3: Using 'historia' for a subject you 'learn' or 'study' in school
While 'historia' is the academic subject of history, when you talk about 'studying history' or 'learning history' at school, Poles often use 'lekcje historii' (history lessons) or 'przedmiot historia' (the subject of history) rather than just 'historia' on its own. While saying 'studiuję historię' (I study history) is correct, for more casual contexts, especially in school, the other phrases are more common.
Lubię lekcje historii.
Mój ulubiony przedmiot to historia.
Keep these points in mind, and you'll navigate 'historia' like a pro. Polish has its quirks, but they're manageable once you know what to look out for.
§ What 'historia' means
- Definition
- The Polish word "historia" means history. It's a noun and you'll use it just like you use 'history' in English to talk about past events, academic study, or even a personal story.
When you learn "historia," remember that it covers a few different shades of meaning. It can refer to the study of the past, the past itself, or even a story you're telling someone.
§ How to use 'historia' in sentences
Let's look at some examples to see how "historia" works in practice. This will help you get a feel for its common uses.
Lubię czytać książki o historii Polski.
This means: I like to read books about the history of Poland. Here, "historia" refers to the academic subject or the past events of a country.
To długa i skomplikowana historia.
This translates to: It's a long and complicated story. In this case, "historia" means a narrative or an account of events.
Studiuję historię sztuki na uniwersytecie.
This means: I am studying the history of art at the university. Again, it refers to the academic discipline.
§ 'Historia' and its forms
Like many Polish nouns, "historia" changes its ending depending on its role in the sentence. It's a feminine noun.
- Nominative: historia (the history)
- Genitive: historii (of history)
- Dative: historii (to history)
- Accusative: historię (history - as a direct object)
- Instrumental: historią (with history)
- Locative: historii (about history)
- Vocative: historio! (oh, history!)
§ Similar words and when to use this one vs alternatives
While "historia" is straightforward, you might wonder if there are other words for 'story' or 'past'. Let's clarify that.
- "Opowieść" (story, tale)
- This word is a direct alternative for "historia" when you mean a narrative or a tale. It's more commonly used for fictional stories or personal anecdotes that aren't necessarily about factual past events.
Moja babcia zawsze opowiada ciekawe opowieści.
This means: My grandmother always tells interesting stories/tales.
- "Zdarzenie" (event, incident)
- "Zdarzenie" refers to a specific occurrence or incident. While related to the past, it doesn't carry the broader meaning of "history" as a subject or a collective past.
To było dziwne zdarzenie.
This translates to: It was a strange event/incident.
- "Przeszłość" (the past)
- "Przeszłość" directly means "the past." It refers to all that has happened before, without necessarily implying a study or a specific narrative. You would use "przeszłość" when talking about the past in a general sense.
Nie wracajmy do przeszłości.
This means: Let's not go back to the past.
So, when should you use "historia"?
- Use "historia" when you are talking about the academic subject of history (e.g., studying history, history books).
- Use "historia" when referring to the general course of past events, especially significant ones (e.g., the history of a country, the history of a company).
- You can also use "historia" for a personal story or account, much like in English (e.g., "What's the story behind this?").
Wusstest du?
The word 'historia' has a long journey, traveling from ancient Greek to Latin, and then into many modern European languages, including Polish and English. It generally refers to both past events and the study of them.
Beispiele nach Niveau
Lubię historię.
I like history.
Simple present tense.
Historia jest interesująca.
History is interesting.
Using 'jest' (is) for singular noun.
Uczymy się historii w szkole.
We learn history at school.
Verb 'uczyć się' (to learn) with genitive case.
To jest długa historia.
This is a long story.
'Długa' (long) is an adjective agreeing with 'historia'.
Czy znasz historię Polski?
Do you know the history of Poland?
Genitive case for 'Polski'.
Jego historia jest smutna.
His story is sad.
'Jego' (his) is a possessive pronoun.
Moja ulubiona historia.
My favorite story.
'Moja' (my) is a possessive pronoun.
Czytamy historię o zwierzętach.
We read a story about animals.
Using 'o' (about) with locative case.
Lubię uczyć się historii Polski.
I like learning about the history of Poland.
Here 'historii' is in the genitive case, following 'uczyć się'.
To jest bardzo ciekawa historia.
This is a very interesting story.
In this context, 'historia' means 'story', which is a common dual meaning in Polish.
Jego historia życia jest inspirująca.
His life story is inspiring.
'Historia życia' is a common phrase for 'life story'.
Mamy lekcje historii we wtorki.
We have history lessons on Tuesdays.
'Lekcje historii' means 'history lessons'.
Nie wierzę w tę historię.
I don't believe that story.
Here, 'historia' again refers to a 'story' or 'tale'.
Czy znasz historię tego miasta?
Do you know the history of this city?
'Historii' is in the genitive case after 'historię tego miasta'.
Muszę napisać referat z historii.
I have to write a paper on history.
'Z historii' means 'from history' or 'on history'.
Historia powtarza się.
History repeats itself.
A common saying, 'powtarza się' means 'repeats itself'.
Historia zatacza koło, powtarzając wzorce przeszłości w zaskakująco podobny sposób.
History repeats itself, repeating patterns of the past in a surprisingly similar way.
Verb 'zatacza' (repeats) in the present tense, imperfective aspect. 'Koło' (circle) is in the accusative case.
Kiedy analizujemy historię konfliktów zbrojnych, dostrzegamy pewne uniwersalne mechanizmy.
When we analyze the history of armed conflicts, we perceive certain universal mechanisms.
Noun 'historię' (history) is in the accusative case, governed by the verb 'analizujemy' (we analyze).
Znajomość historii gospodarczej danego regionu jest kluczowa dla zrozumienia jego współczesnych problemów.
Knowledge of the economic history of a given region is crucial for understanding its contemporary problems.
Noun 'historii' (history) is in the genitive case, modifying 'znajomość' (knowledge).
Niewielu badaczy odważyło się na tak radykalne reinterpretowanie historii sztuki nowoczesnej.
Few researchers dared such a radical reinterpretation of the history of modern art.
Noun 'historii' (history) is in the genitive case, following 'reinterpretowanie' (reinterpretation).
Wiele mitów i legend ma swoje korzenie w dawnych historiach przekazywanych ustnie z pokolenia na pokolenie.
Many myths and legends have their roots in ancient stories passed down orally from generation to generation.
Noun 'historiach' (stories) is in the locative case, after the preposition 'w' (in).
Jego książka przedstawia nowatorską perspektywę na historię odkryć geograficznych i ich konsekwencje.
His book presents an innovative perspective on the history of geographical discoveries and their consequences.
Noun 'historię' (history) is in the accusative case, governed by the preposition 'na' (on).
Często w historii cywilizacji obserwujemy upadek imperiów z powodu wewnętrznych konfliktów.
Often in the history of civilizations we observe the fall of empires due to internal conflicts.
Noun 'historii' (history) is in the genitive case, following the preposition 'w' (in).
Głębokie zrozumienie historii filozofii jest niezbędne do prowadzenia świadomej debaty współczesnej.
A deep understanding of the history of philosophy is essential for conducting an informed contemporary debate.
Noun 'historii' (history) is in the genitive case, modifying 'zrozumienie' (understanding).
Grammatikmuster
Redewendungen & Ausdrücke
"historia zatoczyła koło"
history repeats itself / history has come full circle
Wygląda na to, że historia zatoczyła koło.
neutral"przejść do historii"
to go down in history
To wydarzenie przejdzie do historii.
neutral"historia lubi się powtarzać"
history likes to repeat itself
Jak to mówią, historia lubi się powtarzać.
neutral"historia jednego dnia"
a one-day wonder / a short-lived event
Ich sukces to była historia jednego dnia.
neutral"to już historia"
that's ancient history / that's in the past
Nie martw się tym, to już historia.
neutral"historia z życia wzięta"
a true story / a story taken from life
Opowiedz mi jakąś historię z życia wziętą.
neutral"cała historia"
the whole story / that's all there is to it
I to jest cała historia.
neutral"długa historia"
a long story
To długa historia, nie mam teraz czasu opowiadać.
neutral"to jest osobna historia"
that's another story
Ale to jest już osobna historia.
neutral"opowiadać historie"
to tell tall tales / to make up stories
Przestań opowiadać historie i mów prawdę.
informalSatzmuster
To jest (moja/twoja/jego/jej/nasza/wasza/ich) historia.
To jest moja historia. (This is my history.)
Lubię historię.
Lubię historię. (I like history.)
Uczę się historii.
Uczę się historii. (I am learning history.)
Historia Polski jest ciekawa.
Historia Polski jest ciekawa. (The history of Poland is interesting.)
On/ona opowiada historię.
On opowiada historię. (He tells a story.)
Książka o historii.
Książka o historii. (A book about history.)
Studiuję historię na uniwersytecie.
Studiuję historię na uniwersytecie. (I study history at the university.)
Interesuję się historią starożytną.
Interesuję się historią starożytną. (I am interested in ancient history.)
So verwendest du es
Use historia when talking about the subject of history in school or the past in general. For example, 'Lubię historię' (I like history).
A common mistake is confusing historia with 'story' in the sense of a fictional tale. For that, you would use opowieść or bajka.
Another mistake is using it for a personal 'story' or 'account.' For example, if you want to say 'tell me your story,' you'd say 'opowiedz mi swoją historię' (tell me your history/story), but this can sound a bit formal. Often, you might use opowieść or just describe the situation.
Tipps
Masculine or Feminine?
In Polish, 'historia' is a feminine noun. This means it behaves like other feminine nouns in sentences. If you're unsure about a word's gender, try to remember it with a simple phrase like 'Ta historia' (This history).
No 'the' or 'a'!
Remember, Polish doesn't have articles like 'the' or 'a'. So, 'historia' can mean both 'history' or 'a history' depending on the context. You'll get used to it!
Plural of historia
The plural form of 'historia' is 'historie'. For example, 'duże historie' means 'big stories'.
Context is key
'Historia' can mean both 'history' as a subject, and 'a story' or 'a tale'. Pay attention to the surrounding words to understand which meaning is intended.
Common phrases with historia
Try to learn common phrases. For example, 'lekcja historii' means 'history lesson'. 'Opowiedz mi historię' means 'Tell me a story'.
Practice pronunciation
The 'h' in 'historia' is pronounced like the 'h' in 'house'. The 'i' is like the 'ee' in 'see'. The 'o' is like the 'o' in 'go'. The 'r' is rolled, and the 'ia' at the end is a soft 'ya' sound.
Use flashcards
Create flashcards with 'historia' on one side and 'history/story' on the other. Include a simple example sentence to help with context. This will help you memorize the word and its meanings.
Listen to Polish
Try to find Polish podcasts or videos about history or storytelling. Listening to how native speakers use 'historia' in different contexts will greatly improve your understanding.
Don't confuse with 'historyk'
'Historia' is the subject or a story. 'Historyk' is a historian, a person who studies history. Keep these two words distinct in your mind.
Make your own sentences
The best way to solidify new vocabulary is to use it. Try to create a few simple sentences using 'historia' in different contexts. For example, 'Lubię historię' (I like history).
Wortherkunft
Latin
Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: inquiry, narrative, account
Indo-European (via Proto-Italic)Kultureller Kontext
When talking about 'historia' in Poland, it often refers to significant historical events and figures that have shaped the nation's identity, given its complex past. It's a subject often discussed and a source of national pride and reflection. You'll hear it in conversations about historical events, but also when someone tells a personal story, like 'Moja historia' (My story).
Teste dich selbst 54 Fragen
Moja ulubiona _____ to historia starożytnego Rzymu.
The sentence speaks about a favorite 'history' (of ancient Rome).
On studiuje _____ na uniwersytecie.
The context implies studying 'history' at a university.
Czy znasz _____ tego miasta?
The question asks if you know the 'history' of the city.
Opowiedz mi swoją _____, proszę.
The sentence asks to tell 'your story'.
Lekcja _____ jest bardzo ciekawa.
The sentence talks about a 'history' lesson.
Ta książka jest o _____ Polski.
The book is about the 'history' of Poland.
Which word means 'history' in Polish?
The word 'historia' directly translates to 'history' in English.
Choose the correct Polish word for 'I like history'.
'Lubię' means 'I like', and 'historię' is the accusative form of 'historia', used when it's the object of the verb.
Which sentence correctly uses 'historia'?
'Ciekawa' (interesting) is the correct adjective form for the feminine noun 'historia'. In Polish, 'historia' can also mean 'story'.
The word 'historia' is a feminine noun in Polish.
In Polish, words ending in '-a' are typically feminine, and 'historia' follows this rule.
'Historia' can only refer to the academic subject of history, not a personal story.
In Polish, 'historia' can refer to both the academic subject of history and a personal story or tale.
The plural form of 'historia' is 'historie'.
The plural form of the feminine noun 'historia' is 'historie'.
I like Polish history.
His story is interesting.
We are learning history.
Read this aloud:
To jest historia.
Focus: his-TO-rya
Du hast gesagt:
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Read this aloud:
Lubię historię.
Focus: LOO-byeh his-TO-ryeh
Du hast gesagt:
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Read this aloud:
Czy znasz historię?
Focus: chy ZNAHSH his-TO-ryeh
Du hast gesagt:
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Write a short sentence about what 'historia' means in English.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
Historia means history.
Use 'historia' in a simple Polish sentence. (Hint: 'To jest ciekawa historia.' - This is an interesting story.)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
To jest długa historia.
Translate the following sentence into Polish: 'I like history.' (Hint: 'Ja lubię...')
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
Ja lubię historię.
What is being described as 'rich' in the first sentence?
Read this passage:
Polska ma bogatą historię. Uczymy się o historii w szkole. To jest ważna historia.
What is being described as 'rich' in the first sentence?
The passage says 'Polska ma bogatą historię,' which means 'Poland has a rich history.'
The passage says 'Polska ma bogatą historię,' which means 'Poland has a rich history.'
What is the speaker's favorite lesson?
Read this passage:
Moja ulubiona lekcja to historia. Lubię czytać o starych czasach. Historia jest bardzo interesująca.
What is the speaker's favorite lesson?
The passage states, 'Moja ulubiona lekcja to historia,' meaning 'My favorite lesson is history.'
The passage states, 'Moja ulubiona lekcja to historia,' meaning 'My favorite lesson is history.'
What did the speaker watch yesterday?
Read this passage:
Wczoraj oglądałem film o historii Polski. Był bardzo dobry. Lubię oglądać takie historie.
What did the speaker watch yesterday?
The passage says 'Wczoraj oglądałem film o historii Polski,' which translates to 'Yesterday I watched a film about Polish history.'
The passage says 'Wczoraj oglądałem film o historii Polski,' which translates to 'Yesterday I watched a film about Polish history.'
Moja ulubiona ___ to historia starożytnego Rzymu.
The sentence is about a favorite subject, and 'historia' (history) fits best in this context.
Lubię oglądać filmy dokumentalne o ___.
Documentary films are often about historical events, so 'historia' (history) is the most suitable word.
W szkole uczymy się ___ Polski.
We learn the history of Poland in school. 'Historii' is the genitive case of 'historia', which is used after 'uczymy się' (we learn).
Pani profesor opowiada ciekawą ___ o II wojnie światowej.
The professor is telling an interesting story about World War II. 'Historię' (story/history) is in the accusative case here.
Muzeum przedstawia ___ miasta.
A museum typically presents the history of a city. 'Historię' (history) fits the context.
Znam wiele faktów z ___ średniowiecza.
The sentence indicates knowing facts from the history of the Middle Ages. 'Historii' (genitive case of 'historia') is correct here.
I'm listening to a broadcast about the history of Poland.
I like learning ancient history.
This book tells an interesting story.
Read this aloud:
Możesz mi opowiedzieć historię o swoim mieście?
Focus: histoRIA
Du hast gesagt:
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Read this aloud:
Jaką historię lubisz najbardziej?
Focus: HIs-to-ria
Du hast gesagt:
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Read this aloud:
Czy znasz historię tej budowli?
Focus: bu-DO-wli
Du hast gesagt:
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Które wydarzenie jest kluczowe w historii Polski?
Chrzest Polski w 966 roku jest uważany za początek państwowości polskiej.
Co było główną przyczyną wybuchu II wojny światowej?
Agresywna polityka ekspansjonistyczna nazistowskich Niemiec doprowadziła do wybuchu II wojny światowej.
W którym wieku Polska straciła niepodległość na ponad sto lat?
W XVIII wieku Polska była pod zaborami i straciła niepodległość na 123 lata.
Józef Piłsudski był pierwszym królem Polski.
Józef Piłsudski był naczelnikiem państwa i marszałkiem Polski, ale nie królem. Pierwszym królem Polski był Bolesław Chrobry.
Polska była jednym z krajów założycielskich Unii Europejskiej.
Polska przystąpiła do Unii Europejskiej w 2004 roku, nie była jednym z krajów założycielskich.
Solidarność była kluczowym ruchem oporu przeciwko komunizmowi w Polsce.
Solidarność, na czele z Lechem Wałęsą, odegrała fundamentalną rolę w obaleniu komunizmu w Polsce.
This phrase means 'History repeats itself' or 'History is a repetition of the past.'
This sentence means 'Every person has their own story.'
This sentence translates to 'Studying history helps to understand the present.'
Zastanawialiśmy się, jak ____ wpływa na kształtowanie się tożsamości narodowej w Polsce, szczególnie po burzliwych wydarzeniach XX wieku.
Kontekst zdania sugeruje, że brakuje słowa związanego z przeszłością i narodowością, czyli 'historia'.
Analizując złożoność polskiej ____, nie sposób pominąć wpływu rozbiorów na mentalność społeczną i dążenie do niepodległości.
Zdanie dotyczy analizy polskiej przeszłości, więc 'historię' jest najbardziej odpowiednie. Forma biernika (kogo? co? - historię) jest wymagana po czasowniku 'analizując'.
W kontekście globalnej ____, polskie doświadczenia z transformacją ustrojową po 1989 roku stanowią fascynujący przypadek studiów.
Mówimy o kontekście globalnym w odniesieniu do wydarzeń przeszłości, stąd 'historii' w dopełniaczu (czego? - historii) jest poprawne.
Eksplorowanie głębokich warstw polskiej ____ wymaga nie tylko znajomości faktów, ale także wrażliwości na niuanse interpretacyjne.
Czasownik 'eksplorowanie' wymaga rzeczownika w bierniku (kogo? co? - historię). Kontekst dotyczy przeszłości, więc 'historię' jest odpowiednie.
Wykłady z ____ Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej często podkreślają rolę Polski jako bastionu chrześcijaństwa na przestrzeni wieków.
Mówimy o wykładach dotyczących przeszłości regionu, dlatego 'historii' w dopełniaczu (czego? - historii) jest prawidłowe.
Pomimo wielu prób rewizjonistycznych, fundamentalne fakty z polskiej ____ pozostają niezmienne i są podstawą naszej tożsamości.
Zdanie odnosi się do faktów z przeszłości Polski, więc 'historii' w dopełniaczu (czego? - historii) jest odpowiednie.
/ 54 correct
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Summary
Historia is a versatile word in Polish, meaning both 'history' as a subject and 'a story' or 'an account'.
- Past events
- Study of the past
- A story or account
Masculine or Feminine?
In Polish, 'historia' is a feminine noun. This means it behaves like other feminine nouns in sentences. If you're unsure about a word's gender, try to remember it with a simple phrase like 'Ta historia' (This history).
No 'the' or 'a'!
Remember, Polish doesn't have articles like 'the' or 'a'. So, 'historia' can mean both 'history' or 'a history' depending on the context. You'll get used to it!
Plural of historia
The plural form of 'historia' is 'historie'. For example, 'duże historie' means 'big stories'.
Context is key
'Historia' can mean both 'history' as a subject, and 'a story' or 'a tale'. Pay attention to the surrounding words to understand which meaning is intended.
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Verwandte Redewendungen
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współczesność
B1The current time or period.
pasterz
B1A person whose job is to sheep.
wojna
A2war
okres
A2period
przełom
B1a significant development
cywilizacja
B1The stage of human social and cultural development.
zamek
A2castle, lock
epoka
B1A particular period in history
mur
B1A high, solid structure that separates areas.
emancypacja
C1the fact or process of being set free from restrictions
