Hindi Passiv (Dinge erledigen)
se Partizip
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
The Hindi passive voice focuses on the action or the object rather than the person performing the action.
- Use the verb 'jaana' (to go) as an auxiliary: 'kaam kiya gaya' (the work was done).
- The main verb must be in the past participle form (e.g., 'kiya', 'likha').
- The subject (if mentioned) is marked with 'ke dwara' (by).
Overview
जाना (jānā) hinzu. Dieses jānā ist der Motor – es verändert sich je nach Zeitform, Geschlecht und Zahl.से (se) oder के द्वारा (ke dvārā) nach dem Namen hinzu.- 1Objekt finden: Es wird das neue Subjekt.
- 2Hauptverb ändern: Verbstamm zum Partizip ändern (
likhna→likhi). - 3
Jānāhinzufügen:jaanakonjugieren, passend zum Objekt. - 4Agent hinzufügen (Optional): Benutze
se.
Yahan angrezi boli jaati hai)Mujhse ye khaya nahi jaata)jaana vergessen: Anfänger benutzen oft nur die Vergangenheit.Mai nahi chal sakta: „Ich kann nicht laufen.“ (Generell).Mujhse chala nahi jaata: „Laufen ist mir unmöglich.“ (Erschöpfung).Passive Voice Conjugation (Verb: Karna - To do)
| Tense | Masculine Singular | Feminine Singular | Masculine Plural | Feminine Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Past
|
kiya gaya
|
ki gayi
|
kiye gaye
|
ki gayin
|
|
Present Perfect
|
kiya gaya hai
|
ki gayi hai
|
kiye gaye hain
|
ki gayin hain
|
|
Future
|
kiya jayega
|
ki jayegi
|
kiye jayenge
|
ki jayengi
|
Meanings
The passive voice is used when the performer of the action is unknown, irrelevant, or when you want to emphasize the result of the action.
Formal Reporting
Used in news or official reports to maintain objectivity.
“कानून पास किया गया।”
“दोषियों को पकड़ा गया।”
Focus on Result
When the outcome is more important than the person who caused it.
“खाना परोसा गया।”
“घर सजाया गया।”
Reference Table
| Zeitform | Hindi Struktur | Beispiel (Objekt: Kaam - Arbeit) | Übersetzung |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Präsens
|
Verb-aa + jaata hai
|
Kaam kiya jaata hai
|
Arbeit wird getan
|
|
Präteritum
|
Verb-aa + gaya
|
Kaam kiya gaya
|
Arbeit wurde getan
|
|
Futur
|
Verb-aa + jayega
|
Kaam kiya jayega
|
Arbeit wird getan werden
|
|
Verlaufsform
|
Verb-aa + ja raha hai
|
Kaam kiya ja raha hai
|
Arbeit wird gerade getan
|
|
Negativ (Unfähigkeit)
|
Verb-aa + nahi jaata
|
Mujhse kaam kiya nahi jaata
|
Ich schaffe die Arbeit nicht
|
|
Modalverben
|
Verb-aa + ja sakta hai
|
Kaam kiya ja sakta hai
|
Arbeit kann getan werden
|
Formalitätsspektrum
कार्य पूरा किया गया। (Work/Project)
काम पूरा किया गया। (Work/Project)
काम हो गया। (Work/Project)
काम निपट गया। (Work/Project)
Beispiele nach Niveau
काम किया गया।
The work was done.
खाना खाया गया।
The food was eaten.
पत्र लिखा गया।
The letter was written.
किताब पढ़ी गई।
The book was read.
दरवाजा खोला गया।
The door was opened.
खिड़कियाँ बंद की गईं।
The windows were closed.
सब्जी काटी गई।
The vegetable was cut.
पानी पिया गया।
The water was drunk.
यह फैसला सरकार के द्वारा लिया गया।
This decision was taken by the government.
मीटिंग कल आयोजित की जाएगी।
The meeting will be organized tomorrow.
उसे इनाम दिया गया।
He was given a prize.
गलती सुधार दी गई है।
The mistake has been corrected.
इस समस्या पर विचार किया जाना चाहिए।
This problem should be considered.
कानून को सख्ती से लागू किया गया।
The law was strictly enforced.
उसे पद से हटा दिया गया।
He was removed from the position.
सभी सबूत पेश किए गए।
All evidence was presented.
यह सिद्धांत वैज्ञानिकों द्वारा प्रतिपादित किया गया था।
This theory was propounded by scientists.
ऐतिहासिक तथ्यों को तोड़-मरोड़ कर पेश किया गया।
Historical facts were presented in a distorted manner.
इस मुद्दे को गंभीरता से लिया जाना अपेक्षित है।
It is expected that this issue be taken seriously.
संविधान में संशोधन किया गया।
The constitution was amended.
उक्त प्रस्ताव को सर्वसम्मति से पारित किया गया।
The aforementioned proposal was passed unanimously.
विवादित भूमि का सीमांकन किया गया है।
The disputed land has been demarcated.
साहित्यिक कृतियों का अनुवाद किया जाना एक कठिन कार्य है।
Translating literary works is a difficult task.
जनता के हितों को सर्वोपरि रखा गया है।
Public interests have been kept paramount.
Leicht verwechselbar
Learners confuse 'done by me' (passive) with 'got done by someone else' (causative).
Learners confuse 'Mujhe jana hai' (I have to go) with passive.
Overusing passive where active is more natural.
Häufige Fehler
Main khaya gaya.
Khana khaya gaya.
Kaam kiya gaye.
Kaam kiya gaya.
Patra likha hai.
Patra likha gaya hai.
Khana banaya.
Khana banaya gaya.
Kitab padha gaya.
Kitab padhi gayi.
Sab kaam kiya gaya.
Sab kaam kiye gaye.
Uske dwara main gaya.
Mere dwara kaam kiya gaya.
Mujhe khaya gaya.
Khana mere dwara khaya gaya.
Sona gaya.
Soya gaya.
Kaam karwaya gaya.
Kaam kiya gaya.
Yeh baat bola gaya.
Yeh baat kahi gayi.
Woh mara gaya.
Woh mara gaya (correct, but context matters).
Satzmuster
___ (object) ___ (participle) gaya.
___ (object) ___ (participle) jayega.
___ (object) ___ (agent) ke dwara ___ (participle) gaya.
Kya ___ (object) ___ (participle) gaya?
Real World Usage
दोषियों को पकड़ा गया।
प्रोजेक्ट पूरा किया गया है।
प्याज को काटा गया।
कानून पारित किया गया।
फोटो शेयर की गई।
टिकट बुक किया गया है।
Die 'Jaana'-Falle
Kaam kiya gaya.Höfliches Ablehnen
Mujhse nahi kiya jayega.
Die Gender-Falle
Chai banayi gayi.Smart Tips
Use passive voice to list steps clearly.
Use passive to remain neutral.
Use passive to avoid 'I' or 'You'.
Passive is your best friend.
Aussprache
Gaya/Gayi
Ensure the 'y' sound is clear. 'Gaya' (masc) vs 'Gayi' (fem).
Falling intonation
Kaam kiya gaya ↓
Used for declarative statements.
Einprägen
Eselsbrücke
Passive is 'Gone' (Gaya) - the subject has 'gone' away, and the action is left behind.
Visuelle Assoziation
Imagine a letter sitting on a desk. The person who wrote it is invisible. The letter is just 'being written' (likha gaya).
Rhyme
Action is the star of the show, Just add 'gaya' and let the subject go.
Story
A chef makes a cake. In active voice: 'Chef makes cake.' In passive voice: 'The cake is made.' The cake is now the hero of the story, and the chef is just a shadow.
Word Web
Herausforderung
Look around your room and describe 3 things using passive voice (e.g., 'The light was turned on').
Kulturelle Hinweise
Passive voice is highly valued in formal settings to avoid sounding aggressive.
News anchors use passive voice to report events neutrally.
Legal documents rely heavily on passive constructions.
The Hindi passive voice evolved from Sanskrit passive constructions, simplified over centuries.
Gesprächseinstiege
क्या आज का काम पूरा किया गया?
क्या कल की मीटिंग आयोजित की गई थी?
क्या यह फिल्म देखी गई है?
क्या घर सजाया गया है?
Tagebuch-Impulse
Häufige Fehler
Test Yourself
Cricket Bharat mein khela ___ hai. (Cricket wird in Indien gespielt)
Wähle die richtige Passiv-Konstruktion:
Chai banaya gaya hai. (Tee wurde gemacht)
Score: /3
Ubungsaufgaben
8 exercisesकाम ___ (karna) गया।
Find and fix the mistake:
किताब पढ़ा गया।
Which is correct?
गया / काम / किया
The food was eaten.
Letters were written.
Match: 'kiya gaya' vs 'kiya jayega'
A: Kya kaam hua? B: Haan, kaam ___.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesKal match dekha ___ tha. (Das Match wurde gestern geschaut)
hai / jaati / English / yahan / boli
Welcher Satz steht im Passiv?
Das Essen wird gerade gekocht.
Ordne richtig zu.
Main khana nahi khaya jaata.
Mujhse ye bojh uthaya nahi ___. (Ich kann diese Last nicht heben)
Chor pakda gaya.
Kitabein (Bücher) padhi ___ hain.
jayega / kaam / kiya / kal
Hier wird Englisch unterrichtet.
Wähle das Unfähigkeits-Passiv.
Score: /12
FAQ (8)
No, it sounds unnatural. Use it only when the focus is on the action.
It means 'by' and is used to introduce the agent in a passive sentence.
Yes, it is generally more formal than active voice.
No, only transitive verbs can be passive.
Because it must agree with the object of the sentence.
It is used, but less frequently than in English.
You must learn the gender of nouns to use passive correctly.
Yes, but it's less common than past tense passive.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
to be + past participle
Hindi passive is less common in daily speech than English.
ser + participio
Spanish also uses the 'se' passive, which Hindi lacks.
werden + Partizip II
German has a more complex case system.
-(r)eru suffix
Japanese passive can imply suffering (adversative passive).
Internal vowel change
Hindi uses an external auxiliary word.
bei (被) construction
Chinese passive is often used for negative outcomes.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Verwandte Videos
Related Grammar Rules
Dinge erledigen lassen: Zweiter Kausativ (-vana)
### Overview Willkommen, Sprachlerner! Als Muttersprachler weiß ich genau, wie du dich fühlst: Du hast die Grundlagen d...
Muss vielleicht & Könnte schaffen: Modalverben kombinieren (सकना, पड़ना, पाना)
### Overview Willkommen, Sprach-Coach hier. Wenn du dich auf dem C1-Niveau bewegst, reicht es nicht mehr aus, einfache S...
Verben verbinden: Wollen, Versuchen, Anfangen (Control & Raising)
Overview Hast du jemals bemerkt, dass man im Hindi eine Pizza so sehr wollen kann, dass das Verb 'wollen' sich tatsächli...
Hindi-Hilfsverben stapeln: Mehrere Hilfsverben kombinieren (Chaining)
### Overview Willkommen, C1-Lernende! Als jemand, der mit der deutschen Grammatik aufgewachsen ist, weißt du, dass wir...
Die Hinglish-Matrix: Englische Verben im Hindi (करना / होना)
Overview Schon mal einen Bollywood-Film auf Netflix ohne Untertitel gesehen? Sie haben wahrscheinlich bemerkt, dass Sie...
