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A2 adjective 11 Min. Lesezeit

danificado

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At the A1 level, you should learn 'danificado' as a basic word to describe things that are 'not okay' or 'broken'. Think of it like the opposite of 'novo' (new) or 'bom' (good) when looking at an object. You will mostly use it in simple sentences with the verb 'estar'. For example, if you see a toy with a scratch, you can say 'O brinquedo está danificado'. At this stage, focus on the masculine 'danificado' and feminine 'danificada'. Don't worry too much about technical synonyms yet; just use it to tell someone that an object is hurt or has a problem. It is a very useful word for when you are shopping or receiving a gift that isn't perfect.

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At the A2 level, you start using 'danificado' in more specific contexts, like travel and shopping. You should be able to describe why something is damaged. For example, 'A mala está danificada porque caiu' (The suitcase is damaged because it fell). You will also notice this word on signs and in simple emails. You should practice the plural forms: 'Os livros estão danificados'. This is also the stage where you distinguish 'danificado' (physical damage) from 'estragado' (often used for food or things that don't work). You are building the foundation to explain problems to a clerk or a friend using this adjective and simple 'because' (porque) clauses.

At the B1 level, you use 'danificado' in more formal situations, such as writing a complaint or explaining an insurance claim. You should be comfortable using adverbs to describe the degree of damage: 'parcialmente danificado' (partially damaged) or 'severamente danificado' (severely damaged). You will also encounter the word in news reports and more complex digital contexts, like 'arquivo danificado' (damaged file). At this level, you should understand that 'danificado' is the past participle of the verb 'danificar'. You can start using passive voice: 'O carro foi danificado no acidente'. You are moving beyond simple descriptions into explaining events and consequences involving damaged items.

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At the B2 level, you can use 'danificado' with nuance and precision. You understand the subtle differences between 'danificado', 'avariado' (common in Portugal), and 'deteriorado' (decayed over time). You can use the word in abstract contexts, such as 'reputação danificada' (damaged reputation) or 'imagem danificada'. Your vocabulary is rich enough to use related words like 'danos' (damages/losses) in legal or financial discussions. You can participate in debates about environmental issues, describing how ecosystems are 'danificados' by pollution. You should be able to write detailed reports where 'danificado' is used to provide objective evidence of harm in professional settings.

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At the C1 level, 'danificado' is part of a sophisticated vocabulary where you choose it specifically for its formal and objective tone. You recognize its use in legal statutes and high-level technical documentation. You can use it in complex grammatical structures, such as 'Tendo sido danificado pela tempestade, o navio não pôde zarpar' (Having been damaged by the storm, the ship could not set sail). You are aware of regional variations and can identify when a speaker uses 'danificado' versus more idiomatic expressions like 'nas últimas' or 'em frangalhos' to describe something in poor condition. You use the word to construct persuasive arguments in academic or professional writing.

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At the C2 level, you have complete mastery of 'danificado' and its entire word family. You can use it with stylistic flair in literature or high-level journalism. You understand the etymological roots (from Latin 'damnum') and how this connects it to other Romance languages. You can use the word in philosophical or highly technical discourse, perhaps discussing 'danos emergentes' in law or 'estruturas danificadas' in engineering with absolute precision. You can play with the word's connotations and use it ironically or metaphorically in ways that reflect a deep, native-like understanding of Portuguese culture and linguistic history. Your usage is indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker.

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danificado in 30 Sekunden

Danificado is a Portuguese adjective meaning 'damaged' or 'impaired', typically used for physical objects, vehicles, and digital files that have suffered some form of harm.
It requires gender and number agreement with the noun it modifies, changing to danificada (feminine), danificados (masculine plural), or danificadas (feminine plural).
While similar to 'quebrado' (broken) and 'estragado' (spoiled/malfunctioning), danificado is the standard professional term for physical damage in insurance, shipping, and technical reports.
It is most commonly used with the verb 'estar' to describe a current state or 'ser' in passive voice constructions to describe how something was damaged.

The Portuguese word danificado is a versatile adjective primarily used to describe something that has sustained physical harm, impairment, or a reduction in quality due to an external force or accident. While it is often translated as 'damaged' in English, its usage in Portuguese carries specific nuances depending on whether you are discussing a delivery from an online store, a car after a minor collision, or even a digital file that refuses to open. At its core, danificado suggests that an object is no longer in its original, pristine condition, but it does not necessarily mean the object is completely destroyed or 'broken' (quebrado) into pieces.

Physical Goods: In the context of logistics and commerce, this is the standard term used to describe products that arrive at a customer's door with scratches, dents, or functional flaws. If you receive a package where the box is crushed, you would state that the product is danificado.
Technical and Digital Contexts: Portuguese speakers frequently apply this term to technology. A 'damaged file' is a arquivo danificado, and a 'damaged hard drive' is a disco rígido danificado. It implies a corruption of data or a hardware malfunction that prevents normal operation.
Legal and Insurance Language: When filing a claim (sinistro) with an insurance company in Brazil or Portugal, danificado is the formal descriptor for the insured property. It serves as a neutral, objective way to categorize the state of the asset without using slang or overly emotional language.

O técnico informou que o motor do veículo estava seriamente danificado após a enchente.

Translation: The technician informed that the vehicle's engine was seriously damaged after the flood.

Understanding the difference between danificado and its synonyms is crucial for reaching a B1 or B2 level of fluency. While quebrado means 'broken' (often implying it's in multiple pieces), danificado is broader. For example, a phone screen can be danificado (scratched) without being quebrado (shattered). Similarly, estragado is often reserved for food that has gone bad or machines that have simply stopped working due to wear and tear rather than a specific damaging event.

Infelizmente, a pintura original da igreja foi danificada pela umidade excessiva.

In everyday conversation, you will hear this word in shops, at the airport when discussing luggage, or when talking about infrastructure. If a road is full of potholes, people might say the asphalt is danificado. It conveys a sense of loss of integrity. It is less common to use this for people's emotions (where 'magoado' or 'ferido' would be better), though in very formal or poetic contexts, one might speak of a 'damaged reputation' (reputação danificada).

Common Context: Deliveries: "O pacote chegou com o conteúdo danificado." (The package arrived with the contents damaged.)
Common Context: Natural Disasters: "Muitas casas foram danificadas pelo furacão." (Many houses were damaged by the hurricane.)

O arquivo de vídeo está danificado e não pode ser reproduzido.

Mastering the use of danificado involves understanding its role as an adjective and its relationship with the verb ser (to be - permanent/characteristic) and estar (to be - temporary state). In most cases, you will use estar because damage is usually a state that occurred at a specific point in time and could potentially be repaired. For example, 'O carro está danificado' (The car is [currently] damaged). If you use ser, you are often describing the nature of an object in a more definitive or passive voice context, such as 'O prédio foi danificado' (The building was damaged).

Agreement with Gender and Number: Portuguese adjectives must match the noun.
- Masculine Singular: O livro danificado.
- Feminine Singular: A mala danificada.
- Masculine Plural: Os móveis danificados.
- Feminine Plural: As roupas danificadas.

As mercadorias foram danificadas durante o transporte marítimo.

Translation: The goods were damaged during sea transport.

When constructing sentences, danificado often follows the noun it describes. While in English we say 'the damaged car,' in Portuguese we say 'o carro danificado.' However, if you are emphasizing the state of the object, you can place it after a verb. Use adverbs like parcialmente (partially), totalmente (totally), or levemente (slightly) to add precision to your descriptions.

Não compre este celular; a tela está visivelmente danificada.

In professional writing, such as an incident report or a formal complaint to a company, danificado is the preferred term over more colloquial options like 'estragado'. It sounds objective and professional. If you are writing a review for a product that arrived in poor condition, using 'produto danificado' will signal to the seller that you are making a serious claim. Below are more examples of how the word integrates into complex sentence structures.

With Adverbs: "O teto da casa ficou severamente danificado após a queda da árvore." (The roof of the house was severely damaged after the tree fell.)
In Questions: "Você notou se o equipamento já estava danificado quando você o recebeu?" (Did you notice if the equipment was already damaged when you received it?)

O patrimônio histórico foi danificado por vândalos durante a noite.

If you are traveling in a Portuguese-speaking country or living there, you will encounter danificado in several specific high-frequency environments. One of the most common places is at the airport. When you go to the 'Lost and Found' or 'Baggage Claim' (Reclamação de Bagagem) because your suitcase has a broken wheel or a tear, the official form will likely ask you to describe the mala danificada. The staff will use this term to document the extent of the harm for compensation purposes.

At the Post Office (Correios): If you are sending or receiving a package, the clerk might warn you: 'A embalagem está danificada, quer conferir o conteúdo?' (The packaging is damaged, do you want to check the contents?). This is a standard procedure to ensure the recipient acknowledges the state of the parcel before signing for it.
In Real Estate and Rentals: When renting an apartment (aluguel), the 'vistoria' (inspection report) is a critical document. It will list every item in the house. If a window doesn't close properly or a wall has a crack, the report will state: 'Janela danificada' or 'Parede danificada'. This protects both the landlord and the tenant.

Senhores passageiros, pedimos desculpas pelo atraso; o trilho foi danificado pelo calor intenso.

Translation: Ladies and gentlemen, we apologize for the delay; the rail was damaged by the intense heat.

In the digital age, danificado is also the word your computer or smartphone uses in error messages. If you try to open a PDF that didn't download correctly, the system might say: 'O arquivo está danificado e não pode ser aberto.' This context is universal across all Portuguese-speaking regions, from Brazil to Angola to Portugal. It’s also a staple in news broadcasting. After a storm, the news anchor will report on 'casas danificadas' (damaged houses) or 'veículos danificados' (damaged vehicles).

Atenção: não utilize o carregador se o cabo estiver danificado.

Finally, you'll see this word on warning signs. If a piece of playground equipment is unsafe, a sign might read: 'Equipamento danificado - Proibido o uso.' This is a safety-critical use of the word that every learner should recognize immediately to avoid accidents. Whether in a legal document, a software popup, or a physical sign, danificado is the go-to term for signaling that something is not in its proper working or structural order.

News Headlines: "Estrada danificada pelas chuvas bloqueia o acesso à cidade." (Road damaged by rains blocks access to the city.)
Customer Support: "Por favor, envie uma foto do item danificado para processarmos o reembolso." (Please send a photo of the damaged item so we can process the refund.)

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when using danificado is failing to adjust the word for gender and number. Since 'damaged' in English is invariable, it's easy to forget that in Portuguese, a 'damaged house' is casa danificada (feminine) while a 'damaged car' is carro danificado (masculine). Another common pitfall is using danificado when estragado would be more natural, especially regarding food or general mechanical breakdowns that aren't caused by an external impact.

Danificado vs. Estragado: Use danificado for physical harm or structural issues (dents, scratches, broken parts). Use estragado for food that is rotten or a machine that 'just won't turn on' without obvious external damage. You wouldn't say the milk is 'danificado'; you would say it's 'estragado'.
Danificado vs. Quebrado: This is a nuance of intensity. Quebrado usually means something is in pieces or completely snapped. A 'danificado' chair might have a deep scratch; a 'quebrada' chair has a leg that fell off. If you use 'danificado' for something that is in shards, it sounds like an understatement.

Errado: O leite está danificado.
Correto: O leite está estragado.

Explanation: Food becomes 'estragado' (spoiled), not 'danificado'.

Learners also struggle with the preposition that follows the verb form danificar. While the adjective danificado doesn't usually take a preposition, the verb danificar is transitive, meaning it takes a direct object. However, if you want to say something was damaged *by* something, you must use the preposition por (or its contractions pelo, pela, pelos, pelas). Forgetting this 'by' link is a common error in passive sentences.

Errado: As mesas estão danificado.
Correto: As mesas estão danificadas.

A final common mistake involves using danificado for people's feelings. While in English you might say someone is 'damaged' by their past, in Portuguese, using danificado for a person sounds very robotic or clinical, as if they were a piece of hardware. To express emotional damage, Portuguese speakers prefer traumatizado (traumatized), magoado (hurt), or abalado (shaken/disturbed). Using the correct emotional vocabulary will make you sound much more like a native speaker.

Register Errors: Using 'danificado' in a very informal setting like a party to describe a spilled drink might sound too formal. In that case, 'sujou' (got dirty) or 'estragou' (ruined) is better.

Portuguese is a rich language with many specific terms for different types of damage. Choosing the right one depends on the object and the severity of the harm. While danificado is the most general and safe 'all-purpose' word, knowing these alternatives will help you sound more precise. For instance, avariado is a very common synonym, particularly in European Portuguese and in technical contexts involving machinery or vehicles. If a car breaks down on the highway, it is avariado.

Avariado vs. Danificado: Avariado is specifically for malfunctions or breakdowns. A computer that won't turn on is 'avariado'. A computer with a cracked screen is 'danificado'. In Portugal, 'avariado' is used more frequently than in Brazil for general breakdowns.
Deteriorado: This term implies a slow process of decay or worsening over time. You use deteriorado for old buildings, ancient documents, or health. It suggests that time and environment, rather than a single accident, caused the state.
Prejudicado: This word is more abstract. It means 'harmed' or 'disadvantaged'. You can use it for people or situations. 'Minha visão foi prejudicada pela luz' (My vision was harmed by the light). It is also common in legal contexts regarding loss of profit or rights.

O estado do livro estava tão deteriorado que as páginas se desfaziam ao toque.

Translation: The state of the book was so deteriorated that the pages fell apart at the touch.

When dealing with clothing or fabrics, you might use rasgado (torn) or manchado (stained) instead of the generic danificado. In construction, rachado (cracked) is very specific. If you are describing a person's reputation or a relationship, abalado (shaken) or comprometido (compromised) are much more natural choices. Below is a comparison table to help you distinguish between these closely related terms.

A imagem da empresa foi prejudicada pelo escândalo recente.

Finally, for very severe damage that is beyond repair, the word destruído (destroyed) is the ultimate choice. If a car is 'danificado', you take it to the mechanic. If it's 'destruído', you take it to the scrapyard. Using these synonyms correctly will demonstrate a high level of linguistic sensitivity and prevent misunderstandings in critical situations like insurance claims or technical reports.

Context: Electronics: Use queimado if an electronic component has suffered a short circuit or power surge damage. 'O carregador está queimado'.

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

The word is a 'cognate' with the English word 'damn' and 'damage', all coming from the same Latin root 'damnum'. When you say something is 'danificado', you are literally saying it has 'damnum' (loss) inside it.

Aussprachehilfe

UK /dɐ.ni.fi.ˈka.du/

US /da.ni.fi.ˈka.du/

On the penultimate syllable 'ka' (da-ni-fi-KA-do).

Reimt sich auf

complicado cansado esperado engraçado passado obrigado quebrado estragado

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing the 'd' at the end as a hard English 'd'. It should be a soft 'u' sound in many Brazilian accents.
Missing the gender agreement (saying danificado for a feminine noun).
Stressing the wrong syllable (e.g., stressing 'fi').
Confusing the 'i' sound with 'e' (saying daneficado).
Nasalizing the first 'a' too much.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 2/5

Easy to recognize due to Latin roots and English cognates.

Schreiben 3/5

Requires remembering gender and number agreement rules.

Sprechen 3/5

Pronunciation of the 'ni-fi' sequence needs clarity.

Hören 2/5

Common word in news and service environments.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

bom mal coisa estar ser

Als Nächstes lernen

consertar reparar prejuízo seguro quebrado

Fortgeschritten

deterioração obsolescência indenização sinistro

Wichtige Grammatik

Adjective Agreement

A mesa (f) está danificada (f). O carro (m) está danificado (m).

Passive Voice with 'Ser'

O vidro foi danificado pela pedra.

Resultative 'Ficar'

O muro ficou danificado após a batida.

Adverb Placement

O objeto está *seriamente* danificado.

Past Participle as Adjective

Danificado comes from the verb danificar.

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Beispiele nach Niveau

O meu livro está danificado.

My book is damaged.

Masculine singular agreement with 'livro'.

A mesa está danificada?

Is the table damaged?

Feminine singular agreement with 'mesa'.

O brinquedo não está danificado.

The toy is not damaged.

Negative sentence using 'não' before the verb.

Eu tenho um carro danificado.

I have a damaged car.

Adjective following the noun 'carro'.

A caixa está danificada.

The box is damaged.

Feminine singular agreement.

Os sapatos estão danificados.

The shoes are damaged.

Masculine plural agreement.

O telefone está danificado.

The phone is damaged.

Standard 'estar' + adjective construction.

Esta cadeira está danificada.

This chair is damaged.

Demonstrative 'esta' matches 'danificada'.

A encomenda chegou danificada ontem.

The package arrived damaged yesterday.

Adjective describing the state of the noun 'encomenda' upon arrival.

Por que o seu computador está danificado?

Why is your computer damaged?

Interrogative sentence with 'por que'.

As janelas foram danificadas pelo vento.

The windows were damaged by the wind.

Passive voice with 'foram' and 'pelo'.

Eu não quero este produto danificado.

I don't want this damaged product.

Adjective used as a qualifier in a direct object phrase.

O telhado ficou danificado após a chuva.

The roof got damaged after the rain.

Verb 'ficar' used to show a change of state.

Você viu a pintura danificada no museu?

Did you see the damaged painting in the museum?

Feminine singular agreement 'pintura danificada'.

Muitos carros ficaram danificados no estacionamento.

Many cars got damaged in the parking lot.

Plural agreement 'muitos carros... danificados'.

O arquivo está danificado e não abre.

The file is damaged and won't open.

Technical use of 'danificado' for digital files.

O motorista disse que o veículo estava apenas levemente danificado.

The driver said the vehicle was only slightly damaged.

Use of the adverb 'levemente' to modify the adjective.

Se o item estiver danificado, você pode pedir o reembolso.

If the item is damaged, you can ask for a refund.

Future subjunctive 'estiver' used in a conditional 'if' clause.

A ponte foi seriamente danificada pela enchente do rio.

The bridge was seriously damaged by the river flood.

Passive voice 'foi... danificada' with agent 'pela enchente'.

O técnico tentou recuperar os dados do disco danificado.

The technician tried to recover data from the damaged disk.

Preposition 'do' (de + o) connecting the action to the damaged object.

Infelizmente, a reputação da empresa foi danificada pelo escândalo.

Unfortunately, the company's reputation was damaged by the scandal.

Abstract use of 'danificada' for reputation.

Eles encontraram várias peças danificadas no estoque.

They found several damaged parts in the stock.

Plural feminine agreement 'peças danificadas'.

O seguro não cobre bens danificados por negligência.

Insurance does not cover goods damaged by negligence.

Noun 'bens' (goods) modified by 'danificados'.

A estrutura do prédio parece estar danificada.

The building's structure seems to be damaged.

Infinitive 'estar' following the verb 'parecer'.

O ecossistema local foi severamente danificado pelo derramamento de óleo.

The local ecosystem was severely damaged by the oil spill.

Environmental context with strong adverb 'severamente'.

Apesar de estar danificado, o equipamento ainda funciona precariamente.

Despite being damaged, the equipment still works precariously.

Concessive clause 'Apesar de' followed by the gerund/infinitive form.

Documentos históricos foram danificados pela falta de manutenção do arquivo.

Historical documents were damaged by the lack of maintenance of the archive.

Complex passive construction with a compound agent 'pela falta de...'.

O juiz determinou que o patrimônio público fosse reparado após ser danificado.

The judge determined that the public property be repaired after being damaged.

Subjunctive 'fosse' and passive 'ser danificado'.

A imagem do candidato ficou irremediavelmente danificada após o debate.

The candidate's image was irremediably damaged after the debate.

Use of the complex adverb 'irremediavelmente'.

É necessário identificar todas as áreas danificadas antes de iniciar a obra.

It is necessary to identify all damaged areas before starting the work.

Impersonal 'É necessário' followed by an infinitive clause.

O satélite continuou enviando sinais, embora estivesse danificado.

The satellite continued sending signals, although it was damaged.

Conjunction 'embora' triggering the imperfect subjunctive 'estivesse'.

Muitas colheitas foram danificadas pela geada inesperada nesta manhã.

Many crops were damaged by the unexpected frost this morning.

Agricultural context with feminine plural agreement.

A integridade estrutural do viaduto encontra-se seriamente danificada.

The structural integrity of the viaduct is found to be seriously damaged.

Formal verb 'encontrar-se' instead of 'estar'.

O autor alega que sua obra foi danificada por uma restauração mal executada.

The author claims that his work was damaged by a poorly executed restoration.

Use of 'alegar' and compound adjective 'mal executada'.

Constatou-se que o carregamento de grãos estava danificado devido à umidade.

It was found that the grain shipment was damaged due to moisture.

Impersonal 'Constatou-se' and 'devido à' (causal link).

A confiança entre as partes foi danificada pelas constantes quebras de contrato.

The trust between the parties was damaged by constant breaches of contract.

Abstract usage in a professional/legal context.

O software detectou um setor danificado no disco rígido durante a verificação.

The software detected a damaged sector on the hard drive during the scan.

Technical terminology 'setor danificado'.

Sob a perspectiva jurídica, o bem danificado deve ser restituído ao seu estado original.

From a legal perspective, the damaged asset must be restored to its original state.

Formal introductory phrase 'Sob a perspectiva jurídica'.

A fauna marinha local está sendo danificada pela pesca predatória incessante.

The local marine fauna is being damaged by incessant predatory fishing.

Passive periphrastic 'está sendo danificada'.

Restos mortais foram encontrados em um sarcófago parcialmente danificado pelo tempo.

Human remains were found in a sarcophagus partially damaged by time.

Archeological context using 'pelo tempo' as the agent.

A tessitura social daquela comunidade foi profundamente danificada por décadas de conflito.

The social fabric of that community was deeply damaged by decades of conflict.

Metaphorical use of 'tessitura social' (social fabric).

O veredito foi de que a prova material estava danificada, tornando-a inadmissível.

The verdict was that the material evidence was damaged, making it inadmissible.

Legal term 'prova material' and 'inadmissível'.

A vernissagem foi cancelada pois a peça central da exposição fora danificada no translado.

The vernissage was canceled because the exhibition's centerpiece had been damaged in transit.

Pluperfect 'fora' (had been) and formal term 'translado'.

O ecletismo arquitetônico da cidade restou danificado após as reformas modernistas.

The city's architectural eclecticism remained damaged after the modernist reforms.

Verb 'restar' used in a formal sense to indicate a resulting state.

Sua psique, já danificada por traumas pretéritos, não suportou a nova perda.

Their psyche, already damaged by past traumas, could not withstand the new loss.

Psychological/literary context with 'psique' and 'pretéritos'.

A precisão do telescópio foi danificada por uma ínfima distorção na lente.

The telescope's precision was damaged by a tiny distortion in the lens.

Scientific context with 'ínfima' (tiny/negligible).

A aura de mistério que envolvia o castelo foi danificada pela exploração turística desenfreada.

The aura of mystery surrounding the castle was damaged by unrestrained tourist exploration.

Poetic/descriptive use 'aura de mistério'.

O fluxo de caixa da multinacional foi danificado pela flutuação cambial atípica.

The multinational's cash flow was damaged by the atypical currency fluctuation.

Economic terminology 'fluxo de caixa' and 'flutuação cambial'.

Häufige Kollokationen

seriamente danificado

parcialmente danificado

arquivo danificado

veículo danificado

patrimônio danificado

setor danificado

mercadoria danificada

visivelmente danificado

levemente danificado

irremediavelmente danificado

Häufige Phrasen

Chegou danificado

— It arrived damaged. Used for online shopping complaints.

O meu pedido chegou danificado.

Está tudo danificado

— Everything is damaged. Used after an accident or disaster.

Depois da chuva, está tudo danificado na sala.

Não está danificado

— It is not damaged. Used to reassure someone about an item's condition.

Pode comprar, o produto não está danificado.

Foi danificado por...

— It was damaged by... Used to explain the cause of damage.

O muro foi danificado pelo carro.

Evite usar se estiver danificado

— Avoid using if it is damaged. Common safety warning.

Evite usar o cabo se estiver danificado.

Item danificado

— Damaged item. Standard label in inventory or returns.

Coloque o item danificado nesta caixa.

Aparelho danificado

— Damaged device. Used for electronics.

O aparelho danificado precisa de conserto.

Mala danificada

— Damaged suitcase. Essential for airport complaints.

Minha mala danificada foi trocada pela companhia aérea.

Embalagem danificada

— Damaged packaging. Used when the box is hurt but the item might be okay.

A embalagem danificada não afetou o perfume.

Reparo de bem danificado

— Repair of damaged asset. Formal/Legal phrase.

O custo do reparo de bem danificado é alto.

Wird oft verwechselt mit

danificado vs quebrado

Quebrado means broken/snapped. Danificado is for general damage like scratches or dents.

danificado vs estragado

Estragado is for rotten food or machines that don't work but look okay.

danificado vs ferido

Ferido is for injured people. Never say a person is 'danificado' unless it's a metaphor.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"Sair danificado"

— To come out of a situation harmed or with a worse reputation.

O político saiu danificado daquela entrevista.

Metaphorical

"Danificar o fígado"

— To drink too much alcohol (literally damaging the liver).

Ele bebe tanto que vai danificar o fígado.

Colloquial

"Danificar a imagem"

— To ruin one's social standing or brand perception.

Isso pode danificar a imagem da nossa escola.

Professional

"Cérebro danificado"

— Used (often rudely) to say someone is not thinking clearly.

Ele age como se tivesse o cérebro danificado.

Slang/Insult

"Danificar o juízo"

— To drive someone crazy or disturb their peace of mind.

Esse barulho vai danificar o meu juízo!

Informal

"Ficar no prejuízo"

— To end up with the loss/damage (related to 'danificado' via 'dano').

O carro não tinha seguro e eu fiquei no prejuízo.

Very Common

"Danificado pela vida"

— A poetic way to say someone has had a hard life.

Ele é um homem danificado pela vida.

Literary

"Dar um dano"

— To cause damage (usually to a car or object).

Cuidado para não dar um dano no carro do seu pai.

Informal

"Pagar os danos"

— To pay for damages caused.

Ele prometeu pagar os danos que causou no portão.

Neutral

"Dano moral"

— Emotional/Moral damage (legal term).

Ela entrou com um processo por dano moral.

Legal

Leicht verwechselbar

danificado vs avariado

Both mean damaged/broken.

Avariado is more technical and common in Portugal; danificado is more general and common in Brazil.

Meu carro está avariado (Technical/PT). Meu carro está danificado (General/BR).

danificado vs detonado

Both describe things in bad condition.

Detonado is very informal/slang; danificado is neutral/formal.

Esse tênis está detonado! (Slang).

danificado vs prejudicado

Both imply harm.

Prejudicado is for people, health, or abstract things like 'interests'; danificado is for physical objects.

Meus olhos foram prejudicados pela luz.

danificado vs corrompido

Used for digital files.

Corrompido is specific to data errors; danificado can be data or the physical hardware.

O arquivo zip está corrompido.

danificado vs gasto

Both describe items that aren't new.

Gasto means 'worn out' from use; danificado means 'damaged' from an event.

O pneu está gasto (Worn out).

Satzmuster

[Noun] está danificado.

O livro está danificado.

[Noun] foi danificado por [Agent].

A mala foi danificada pelo funcionário.

Se [Noun] estiver danificado, [Action].

Se o produto estiver danificado, peça a troca.

Apesar de estar [Adverb] danificado, [Noun]...

Apesar de estar levemente danificado, o rádio funciona.

Constatou-se que o [Noun] encontrava-se danificado.

Constatou-se que o motor encontrava-se danificado.

A [Abstract Noun] restou danificada por [Complex Cause].

A reputação restou danificada por calúnias infundadas.

O [Noun] está [Adverb] danificado.

O teto está seriamente danificado.

Não compre [Noun] danificado.

Não compre pão danificado.

Wortfamilie

Substantive

dano (damage/harm)

danificação (the act of damaging)

danificador (someone or something that damages)

Verben

danificar (to damage)

Adjektive

danificado (damaged)

danoso (harmful/damaging)

danificável (damageable)

Verwandt

indenização (compensation for damage)

prejuízo (loss/harm)

conserto (repair)

avaria (malfunction)

deterioração (deterioration)

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So verwendest du es

frequency

Very high in commercial, technical, and news contexts.

Häufige Fehler

O mesa está danificado. → A mesa está danificada.
Mesa is feminine, so it needs 'a' and 'danificada'.
Eu estou danificado. → Eu estou ferido / magoado.
Don't use 'danificado' for people unless you are a robot.
O arquivo está quebrado. → O arquivo está danificado.
Digital files are 'danificados' or 'corrompidos', not 'quebrados'.
O leite está danificado. → O leite está estragado.
Food that goes bad is 'estragado'.
A mala foi danificada para o vento. → A mala foi danificada pelo vento.
Use 'pelo/pela' (by) to show the cause in passive voice.

Tipps

Gender Check

Always look at the last letter of the noun. If it ends in 'a', use 'danificada'. If it ends in 'o', use 'danificado'.

Precision

If something is totally destroyed, don't use 'danificado'; use 'destruído' or 'perda total'.

Complaints

When complaining to a store, 'O produto está danificado' is the most polite and effective phrase.

Car Accidents

In a car accident, use 'danificado' for the bodywork and 'avariado' for the engine.

Tech Support

If your computer says 'Setor danificado', it means your hard drive is physically failing.

Latin Link

Remember 'Damn' + 'Ify' = Danificar. To make something 'damned' or 'damaged'.

Shipping

Check your packages! If you see 'Embalagem danificada', take a photo before opening it.

Legal Writing

In legal documents, 'danificado' refers specifically to 'danos materiais' (material damages).

Syllable Count

Don't rush it. It's a long word: da-ni-fi-ca-do. Five clear beats.

Opposites

Learn 'intacto' alongside 'danificado'. It helps to have the 'perfect' vs 'damaged' contrast.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of the English word 'DAMaged'. Both start with 'DA' and end with a 'D' sound. DA-nifica-DO = DA-mage-D.

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a delivery box with a large 'D' for 'Danificado' stamped on it in red because it has a huge hole in the side.

Word Web

Dano Carro Mala Arquivo Quebrado Seguro Conserto Tempestade

Herausforderung

Go around your house and find three things that are 'danificados' (even slightly). Say out loud: 'O/A [objeto] está danificado/a'.

Wortherkunft

From the Latin 'damnificāre', composed of 'damnum' (loss/harm/damage) and the suffix '-ficāre' (to make/to cause). It has been part of the Portuguese language for centuries.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: To cause loss or harm to someone's property or status.

Romance (Latin-derived).

Kultureller Kontext

Avoid using 'danificado' to describe people with disabilities or emotional issues; it is considered dehumanizing. Use 'pessoa com deficiência' or 'emocionalmente abalado'.

English speakers often use 'broken' for everything. In Portuguese, distinguish between 'danificado' (damaged) and 'quebrado' (broken into pieces) to sound more natural.

Legal codes (Código Civil) use 'danificado' to define property damage. Digital error messages in Windows/macOS in Portuguese. Insurance policy documents (Apólices de Seguro).

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Shopping & Returns

Produto danificado
Chegou danificado
Trocar item danificado
Reembolso por dano

Travel & Transport

Mala danificada
Carro danificado
Voo atrasado por avião danificado
Bagagem danificada

Technology

Arquivo danificado
Disco danificado
Hardware danificado
Tela danificada

Weather & Disasters

Casa danificada pela chuva
Telhado danificado
Estrutura danificada
Cidade danificada pelo vento

Legal & Insurance

Bem danificado
Patrimônio danificado
Danos materiais
Avaliação de item danificado

Gesprächseinstiege

"Você já recebeu algum produto danificado de uma loja online?"

"O que você faz quando o seu celular fica levemente danificado?"

"Você acha que é melhor consertar um carro danificado ou comprar um novo?"

"Como você descreveria uma mala danificada para um funcionário do aeroporto?"

"Você já teve problemas com um arquivo danificado no seu computador?"

Tagebuch-Impulse

Descreva uma vez que algo importante para você foi danificado. Como você se sentiu?

Escreva uma carta de reclamação para uma loja sobre um relógio que chegou danificado.

Pense em um prédio histórico na sua cidade. Ele está preservado ou danificado pelo tempo?

Como a tecnologia pode ajudar a recuperar dados de um disco rígido danificado?

Reflita sobre como uma amizade pode ser danificada por uma mentira.

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

Generally, no. It sounds like you are calling them an object. Use 'ferido' for physical injuries or 'magoado' for emotional hurt. Use 'danificado' for people only in high-level literature as a metaphor.

'Quebrado' usually means something is in pieces (like a glass) or has completely stopped working. 'Danificado' is more general and can include small scratches or dents that don't stop the object from functioning.

Yes, but in Portugal, you will also hear 'avariado' very frequently, especially for cars and home appliances that have stopped working.

You say 'arquivo danificado' in Brazil or 'ficheiro danificado' in Portugal.

Yes. 'O carro danificado' (masculine) and 'a mesa danificada' (feminine). This is a strict rule in Portuguese grammar.

It is better to use 'estragado' for food that has gone bad. 'Danificado' might be used for the packaging of the food, but not the food itself.

The verb is 'danificar'. For example: 'O sol pode danificar a sua pele' (The sun can damage your skin).

It is neutral to formal. It is the correct word to use in a business email or a police report.

You say 'seriamente danificado' or 'gravemente danificado'.

In a digital sense (a damaged file), yes. But for a 'corrupt politician', you must use 'corrupto'.

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