papeira in 30 Sekunden
- Papeira is the Portuguese word for mumps.
- It is a feminine noun: 'a papeira'.
- Symptoms include swollen jaw and fever.
- Prevented by the VASPR/MMR vaccine.
The word papeira is a common Portuguese noun used to describe a specific viral infection known in English as the mumps. In medical terms, it refers to the inflammation of the parotid glands, which are the saliva-producing glands located just below and in front of the ears. When a person contracts this virus, these glands swell significantly, often giving the individual a very distinctive, rounded appearance around the jawline and neck. Historically, this was a very common childhood ailment before the widespread implementation of the MMR (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella) vaccine, known in Portugal as the vacina VASPR (Vacina contra o Sarampo, Parotidite e Rubéola).
- Common Usage
- In everyday conversation, Portuguese speakers use 'papeira' when discussing childhood health, school absences, or vaccination records. While the technical medical term is 'parotidite infecciosa', you will almost never hear a parent or a teacher use that term; 'papeira' is the standard, universally understood word.
O meu filho não pode ir à escola porque está com papeira.
Culturally, the word carries a sense of nostalgia for older generations who remember entire classrooms catching the illness simultaneously. However, for modern parents, it is a word associated with the National Vaccination Plan. It is important to note that the word is feminine (a papeira). In Brazil, while 'papeira' is understood, the word caxumba is significantly more frequent, whereas in Portugal, 'papeira' remains the dominant colloquial term.
- Regional Variations
- In some northern regions of Portugal, you might occasionally hear 'trasorelho', which literally means 'behind the ear', referring to the location of the swelling. However, this is becoming increasingly rare as 'papeira' standardizes across the country.
Antigamente, a papeira era uma doença muito comum no inverno.
The word is also used metaphorically in very specific, rare contexts to describe something that is swollen or puffed out, though this is largely limited to regional dialects or creative literature. In most cases, if you hear 'papeira', the context is strictly medical or health-related. Because it is a contagious disease, it often appears in public health announcements or school newsletters regarding outbreaks.
A vacina protege as crianças contra a papeira.
- Etymology Link
- The root 'papo' is essential in Portuguese. It relates to the crop of a bird or a double chin in humans. The suffix '-eira' often denotes a disease or a condition in Portuguese, similar to how '-itis' works in Latin-based English medical terms.
Dói-me muito a garganta; será que é papeira?
O médico confirmou o diagnóstico de papeira ontem à tarde.
Using papeira correctly in a sentence requires an understanding of its grammatical role as a feminine noun and the verbs that typically accompany it. In Portuguese, we don't just 'have' a disease; we often 'are with' it or 'caught' it. The most common verb construction is estar com. For example, 'Eu estou com papeira' literally translates to 'I am with mumps,' which is the natural way to say 'I have the mumps.'
- Verb Pairings
- 1. **Ter** (To have): Used for general states. 'Ele tem papeira.'
2. **Apanhar** (To catch/contract): Used when discussing the moment of infection. 'Ele apanhou papeira na creche.'
3. **Pegar** (To catch/transmit): Common in Brazil. 'Ele pegou caxumba (papeira).'
4. **Tratar** (To treat): 'Estamos a tratar a papeira com repouso.'
Quando eu era criança, papeira era uma preocupação constante para as mães.
When describing the symptoms associated with the word, you will often use adjectives like inchado (swollen) or nouns like febre (fever) and dor (pain). Because 'papeira' specifically affects the face and neck, sentences often mention 'as bochechas' (the cheeks) or 'o pescoço' (the neck). It is also important to use the definite article a before the word in most contexts: 'A papeira é contagiosa' (The mumps is contagious).
- Formal vs. Informal
- In a clinical setting, a doctor might say: 'O paciente apresenta um quadro de parotidite.' In a home setting, the same doctor would tell the mother: 'O seu filho está com uma papeira bastante visível.'
Não te aproximes dele, pois a papeira transmite-se facilmente pelo ar.
You can also use the word in the context of vaccination. The phrase 'vacina contra a papeira' is standard. If you are translating medical history, you might say 'Já tive papeira' (I've already had mumps). This is a common question on medical intake forms in Portugal. Using the past tense ter tido (to have had) helps clarify that the person is likely immune now.
É obrigatório declarar casos de papeira às autoridades de saúde.
A papeira pode causar complicações graves em adultos, como a orquite.
Muitos miúdos ficaram em casa devido ao surto de papeira na escola primária.
While 'papeira' isn't a word you'll use every day like 'pão' (bread) or 'água' (water), it appears in several specific environments. The most common place is within the healthcare system. If you visit a 'Centro de Saúde' (Health Center) in Portugal for a child's check-up, the doctor or nurse will check the 'Boletim de Vacinas' (Vaccination Booklet) to ensure the child is immunized against 'papeira'.
- Schools and Creches
- Schools are the second most common place. Since mumps is highly contagious, if one child is diagnosed, the school must inform other parents. You might see a notice on the door saying: 'Informamos que foi detetado um caso de papeira nesta turma.'
A enfermeira perguntou se eu já tinha apanhado papeira.
In family settings, the word often comes up when talking about old times. Grandparents might describe how their siblings all had 'papeira' at once and had to stay in bed with scarves wrapped around their necks. This domestic imagery is very common in Portuguese culture. You might also hear it in the news during rare outbreaks, where health officials discuss 'surtos de papeira' in specific university campuses or sports teams, as it can spread quickly in close quarters.
- Media and Literature
- In Portuguese literature, especially 20th-century realism, 'papeira' is sometimes mentioned to depict the hardships of rural life or childhood vulnerability. It adds a layer of 'everyday realism' to a story.
O jornal noticiava hoje um pequeno surto de papeira no Algarve.
Finally, you will encounter the word in pharmacies. If you go in looking for something to soothe a swollen jaw, the pharmacist might ask: 'Tem a certeza que não é papeira? Deia ver os gânglios.' (Are you sure it's not mumps? Let me see the lymph nodes/glands). This shows how the word is integrated into the basic medical vocabulary of every Portuguese citizen.
Na farmácia, falaram sobre os perigos da papeira em homens adultos.
O treinador ficou preocupado quando soube que o avançado estava com papeira.
A minha avó dizia que o melhor remédio para a papeira era um lenço de lã.
Learning the word papeira involves navigating a few linguistic traps. The most frequent mistake for English speakers is trying to pluralize the word. In English, we often say 'the mumps' (which looks plural), but in Portuguese, 'papeira' is always singular. Saying 'as papeiras' is a clear sign of a non-native speaker and is grammatically incorrect.
- Confusion with 'Papada'
- A common lexical error is confusing 'papeira' with 'papada'. While 'papeira' is a viral disease, 'papada' refers to a double chin or excess skin under the jaw. While they both relate to the same anatomical area, using one for the other can lead to humorous or confusing situations. 'Ele tem uma grande papada' (He has a large double chin) vs. 'Ele tem papeira' (He has the mumps).
Não confundas papeira (doença) com papada (excesso de pele).
Another mistake is the gender of the word. Because it ends in '-a', it is feminine: a papeira. Some students might mistakenly use 'o papeira' if they are thinking of 'o vírus' (the virus). Always remember that the disease name itself is feminine. Furthermore, learners often struggle with the correct preposition. It is 'vacina contra a papeira' (vaccine against mumps), not 'para' (for) the mumps, although in very casual speech 'para' is sometimes heard.
- Pronunciation Pitfall
- The 'ei' diphthong in 'papeira' should be pronounced clearly (/pɐ.ˈpɐj.ɾɐ/). Some learners might flatten it to 'papera', which sounds like a different word or a regional mispronunciation. Ensure the 'i' sound is subtly present.
Dizer 'os papeiras' está errado; o correto é 'a papeira'.
Finally, don't confuse 'papeira' with 'papo'. While 'papo' can mean a conversation ('bater um papo'), 'papeira' is strictly a medical condition. If you say 'Estou com papeira' when you mean 'I want to chat', people will be very worried about your health instead of getting ready for a conversation!
O aluno faltou porque estava com papeira, não porque queria bater o papo.
Cuidado para não usar 'o papeira' em vez de 'a papeira'.
Muitos estrangeiros confundem papeira com outras doenças de pele.
When discussing medical conditions like the mumps, Portuguese offers a few alternatives depending on the level of formality and the geographical region. The most important distinction is between the common term and the scientific term.
- Papeira vs. Parotidite
- **Papeira** is the colloquial term used by everyone in daily life. **Parotidite** (specifically *parotidite infecciosa*) is the clinical term used by doctors in medical reports. If you are reading a medical journal or a vaccine label, you will see 'Parotidite'.
Another significant variation is the Brazilian term. In Brazil, the word caxumba is the standard term for mumps. While 'papeira' exists in Brazil, it is often associated with goiter (enlargement of the thyroid) rather than mumps in some regions. Therefore, if you are speaking with Brazilians, 'caxumba' is your best bet to avoid confusion.
Em Portugal dizemos papeira, mas no Brasil dizem caxumba.
- Related Childhood Diseases
- 1. **Sarampo** (Measles): Often mentioned alongside papeira.
2. **Rubéola** (Rubella): The third part of the VASPR vaccine.
3. **Varicela** (Chickenpox): Another common childhood virus.
A parotidite é o termo clínico para a papeira.
If you are looking for an alternative to describe the physical state without naming the disease, you could use glândulas inchadas (swollen glands) or inflamação na mandíbula (inflammation in the jaw). However, these are descriptions of symptoms rather than synonyms for the disease itself. In the context of the throat, some might confuse it with amigdalite (tonsillitis), but the location of the swelling is different.
O termo trasorelho é uma variante regional para a papeira.
A vacina VASPR protege contra o sarampo, a papeira e a rubéola.
Não é apenas uma dor de garganta, é mesmo papeira.
Beispiele nach Niveau
Eu tenho papeira.
I have mumps.
Uses the verb 'ter' (to have).
A papeira dói.
Mumps hurts.
Subject-verb agreement.
Ela está com papeira.
She has mumps.
Uses 'estar com' for a temporary state.
O menino tem a cara inchada; é papeira.
The boy has a swollen face; it's mumps.
Simple identification.
Não tenho papeira.
I don't have mumps.
Negative construction.
A papeira é uma doença.
Mumps is a disease.
Defining the noun.
Onde dói a papeira?
Where does the mumps hurt?
Interrogative sentence.
A minha irmã tem papeira.
My sister has mumps.
Possessive adjective 'minha'.
Apanhei papeira na escola primária.
I caught mumps in primary school.
Past tense of 'apanhar'.
A papeira é contagiosa, por isso fica em casa.
Mumps is contagious, so stay at home.
Use of 'por isso' (so/therefore).
O médico disse que é papeira.
The doctor said it's mumps.
Reported speech.
Precisas da vacina contra a papeira.
You need the vaccine against mumps.
Preposition 'contra'.
A bochecha dele está muito grande devido à papeira.
His cheek is very big due to the mumps.
Contraction 'devido à'.
Muitas crianças têm papeira no inverno.
Many children have mumps in winter.
Plural subject with 'muitas'.
A papeira causa febre e dor de cabeça.
Mumps causes fever and headache.
Verbs of causation.
No Brasil, chamam caxumba à papeira.
In Brazil, they call mumps 'caxumba'.
Indirect object 'à papeira'.
Se não fores vacinado, podes apanhar papeira facilmente.
If you aren't vaccinated, you can catch mumps easily.
Future subjunctive 'fores'.
A papeira manifesta-se através do inchaço das glândulas.
Mumps manifests through the swelling of the glands.
Reflexive verb 'manifestar-se'.
O surto de papeira obrigou ao fecho da creche.
The mumps outbreak forced the closure of the nursery.
Noun 'surto' (outbreak).
Já não se vê tanta papeira como antigamente.
One doesn't see as much mumps as in the old days.
Impersonal 'se'.
A enfermeira explicou os riscos da papeira nos adultos.
The nurse explained the risks of mumps in adults.
Genitive 'da papeira'.
É importante beber muita água quando se tem papeira.
It's important to drink lots of water when one has mumps.
Infinitive 'beber' as subject.
A papeira é uma das doenças incluídas na vacina VASPR.
Mumps is one of the diseases included in the MMR vaccine.
Passive participle 'incluídas'.
Senti um caroço no pescoço e tive medo que fosse papeira.
I felt a lump in my neck and was afraid it was mumps.
Imperfect subjunctive 'fosse'.
Embora a papeira seja rara hoje em dia, ainda ocorrem casos esporádicos.
Although mumps is rare nowadays, sporadic cases still occur.
Conjunction 'embora' with subjunctive.
A complicação mais temida da papeira em homens é a inflamação dos testículos.
The most feared complication of mumps in men is the inflammation of the testicles.
Superlative 'mais temida'.
A imunidade conferida pela vacina contra a papeira é muito duradoura.
The immunity conferred by the mumps vaccine is very long-lasting.
Adjective 'conferida'.
O diagnóstico de papeira é geralmente clínico, baseado na observação.
The diagnosis of mumps is generally clinical, based on observation.
Adverb 'geralmente'.
Houve uma campanha de sensibilização sobre a papeira na universidade.
There was an awareness campaign about mumps at the university.
Noun phrase 'campanha de sensibilização'.
A transmissão da papeira ocorre por via aérea, através de gotículas.
Transmission of mumps occurs by air, through droplets.
Prepositional phrase 'por via aérea'.
Caso surjam sintomas de papeira, deve contactar a Linha Saúde 24.
Should mumps symptoms appear, you should contact the Health Line 24.
Subjunctive 'surjam' in conditional sense.
A papeira pode ser confundida com uma simples inflamação dos gânglios.
Mumps can be confused with a simple inflammation of the lymph nodes.
Passive voice 'ser confundida'.
A eficácia da vacinação em massa erradicou quase por completo a papeira no país.
The efficacy of mass vaccination almost completely eradicated mumps in the country.
Abstract nouns 'eficácia' and 'vacinação'.
O vírus da papeira pertence à família dos Paramyxoviridae.
The mumps virus belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family.
Scientific classification.
A parotidite, vulgarmente conhecida como papeira, requer repouso absoluto.
Parotitis, commonly known as mumps, requires absolute rest.
Apposition 'vulgarmente conhecida como'.
Verificou-se uma recrudescência da papeira em comunidades com baixas taxas de vacinação.
A resurgence of mumps was observed in communities with low vaccination rates.
Pronominal passive 'Verificou-se'.
A sintomatologia da papeira inclui mialgia, anorexia e mal-estar geral.
The symptomatology of mumps includes myalgia, anorexia, and general malaise.
Technical vocabulary 'sintomatologia'.
É imperativo que se mantenha a vigilância epidemiológica sobre a papeira.
It is imperative that epidemiological surveillance of mumps be maintained.
Impersonal 'É imperativo que'.
A papeira, conquanto benigna na infância, pode ser severa na idade adulta.
Mumps, although benign in childhood, can be severe in adulthood.
Conjunction 'conquanto'.
A patogénese da papeira envolve a replicação viral no trato respiratório superior.
The pathogenesis of mumps involves viral replication in the upper respiratory tract.
Technical term 'patogénese'.
A literatura médica do século XIX descrevia a papeira com um pormenor quase poético.
19th-century medical literature described mumps with almost poetic detail.
Historical past 'descrevia'.
O termo 'papeira' encerra em si uma herança linguística ligada à morfologia popular.
The term 'papeira' contains within itself a linguistic heritage linked to popular morphology.
Complex verb 'encerrar'.
Não obstante os avanços, a papeira permanece como um desafio em certos contextos sociodemográficos.
Notwithstanding the advances, mumps remains a challenge in certain socio-demographic contexts.
Formal conjunction 'Não obstante'.
A idiossincrasia da resposta imunitária à papeira varia significativamente entre indivíduos.
The idiosyncrasy of the immune response to mumps varies significantly between individuals.
Sophisticated noun 'idiossincrasia'.
A erradicação da papeira é um desiderato que depende da cooperação internacional.
The eradication of mumps is a desideratum that depends on international cooperation.
Latinate word 'desiderato'.
A análise filogenética do vírus da papeira permitiu rastrear a origem do surto.
Phylogenetic analysis of the mumps virus allowed tracking the origin of the outbreak.
Scientific adjective 'filogenética'.
A papeira, em termos de saúde pública, é um indicador da robustez do sistema vacinal.
Mumps, in terms of public health, is an indicator of the robustness of the vaccination system.
Noun 'robustez'.
Subjacente à prevalência da papeira, encontram-se frequentemente falhas na cadeia de frio das vacinas.
Underlying the prevalence of mumps are often failures in the vaccine cold chain.
Present participle 'Subjacente'.
Häufige Kollokationen
Häufige Phrasen
— Used to describe someone with a very swollen or round face.
Ele acordou com uma cara de papeira hoje!
— The period someone must stay away from others due to the virus.
O isolamento por papeira dura cerca de uma semana.
— Referring specifically to the disease when it affects older people.
A papeira nos adultos exige mais cuidados.
— Being protected from the virus.
A maioria das pessoas tem imunidade à papeira devido à vacina.
— The care given to someone with the disease.
Não há um tratamento específico para a papeira, apenas repouso.
— To take steps to avoid getting the disease.
A melhor forma de prevenir a papeira é a vacinação.
— Often said to downplay the illness in children.
Não te preocupes, é só papeira, ele vai ficar bem.
— The two diseases often mentioned together.
Ele teve papeira e sarampo no mesmo ano.
— The results or consequences of having the disease.
O inchaço é o efeito mais visível da papeira.
Redewendungen & Ausdrücke
— To have a very swollen neck or throat, often used jokingly.
Depois de comer tanto, fiquei com um papo de papeira!
InformalSummary
The word 'papeira' is the everyday term for mumps in Portugal. Use 'estar com papeira' to say someone has it, and remember it is always singular and feminine. Example: 'A papeira deixou-o muito abatido' (The mumps left him very weak).
- Papeira is the Portuguese word for mumps.
- It is a feminine noun: 'a papeira'.
- Symptoms include swollen jaw and fever.
- Prevented by the VASPR/MMR vaccine.
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