мокрий in 30 Sekunden
- The word 'мокрий' is the standard Ukrainian adjective for 'wet', used for physical objects, weather, and emotions.
- It must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies (e.g., мокрий, мокра, мокре).
- Commonly confused with 'вологий' (damp) and 'сирий' (raw/humid), it specifically implies liquid saturation.
- Essential for A1 learners to navigate daily situations like rainy weather, cleaning, and personal hygiene.
The Ukrainian word мокрий (mokryi) primarily functions as an adjective meaning 'wet' or 'moist'. It is one of the most fundamental words in the Ukrainian language, introduced at the A1 level because it describes a basic physical state of objects, environments, and people. When you encounter this word, it signifies that something is covered with or has absorbed a liquid, most commonly water. In the Ukrainian linguistic worldview, 'wetness' is not just a physical state but often a gateway to describing weather, hygiene, and emotional states. Whether you are talking about the grass after a morning dew, your clothes after a sudden Kyiv downpour, or a dog that just jumped into the Dnipro river, мокрий is your essential descriptor.
- Physical State
- Used to describe anything saturated with liquid. For example, мокрий рушник (a wet towel) or мокрий асфальт (wet asphalt).
- Weather and Nature
- Crucial for describing the Ukrainian climate. Мокрий сніг (wet snow/sleet) is a common phenomenon in Ukrainian winters, creating a slushy texture on the streets.
- Substantive Usage
- While technically an adjective, it can act as a noun in specific contexts, such as 'the wet one' or in idioms like мокрий мокрого не боїться (a wet person isn't afraid of a wet person/someone already in trouble doesn't fear more trouble).
Він прийшов додому весь мокрий через сильний дощ.
— He came home completely wet because of the heavy rain.
Understanding the nuances of мокрий requires looking at its declension. In Ukrainian, adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in gender, number, and case. Thus, you will see it as мокра (feminine), мокре (neuter), and мокрі (plural). This flexibility allows it to fit into any sentence structure seamlessly. It is often contrasted with сухий (dry), forming a basic binary pair that children learn early on.
Обережно, там мокра підлога!
— Careful, there is a wet floor there!
Beyond the literal sense, мокрий appears in metaphorical contexts. For instance, 'мокрі очі' (wet eyes) describes someone on the verge of tears or having just cried. This emotional layer adds depth to a seemingly simple physical descriptor. In literature, it might describe a 'мокрий ранок' (wet morning), evoking a sense of melancholy or freshness depending on the author's intent. Its versatility makes it a powerhouse in the Ukrainian vocabulary, bridging the gap between basic survival needs and complex emotional expression.
- Intensity Levels
- You can intensify it with adverbs like зовсім (completely), дуже (very), or трохи (a bit). Зовсім мокрий means soaked to the bone.
Using мокрий correctly involves mastering the agreement of adjectives with nouns. Since Ukrainian is an inflected language, the ending of the word changes based on the grammatical context. For beginners, the most important forms are the nominative cases for each gender. Let's explore how to integrate this word into your daily Ukrainian speech with precision and natural flow.
Твоя куртка мокра, повісь її на стілець.
— Your jacket is wet; hang it on the chair.
- Gender Agreement
- Masculine: Мокрий собака (Wet dog)
- Feminine: Мокра трава (Wet grass)
- Neuter: Мокре вікно (Wet window)
- Plural: Мокрі черевики (Wet shoes)
When constructing sentences, remember that the adjective usually precedes the noun it describes, but in predicate positions (after a verb like 'is'), it follows the subject. In Ukrainian, the verb 'to be' (є) is often omitted in the present tense, making the construction even simpler: Підлога мокра (The floor [is] wet). This brevity is a hallmark of conversational Ukrainian.
Чому твоє волосся мокре? Ти був під дощем?
— Why is your hair wet? Were you in the rain?
In more complex sentences, мокрий can be used to set a scene or provide necessary warnings. In a professional or public setting, you might see signs saying 'Обережно! Мокра підлога' (Caution! Wet floor). In a domestic setting, you might ask someone not to sit on a 'мокре крісло' (wet armchair) after they've come in from the pool. The word is incredibly functional and carries immediate practical information.
- Comparative and Superlative
- To say something is 'wetter' or 'the wettest', use мокріший and наймокріший. However, in daily speech, Ukrainians often prefer більш мокрий or simply using adverbs for emphasis.
Після прогулянки в лісі наші штани стали зовсім мокрими.
— After the walk in the forest, our pants became completely wet.
Finally, consider the instrumental case usage with verbs like 'ставати' (to become). In the example above, мокрими is the plural instrumental form. This shows how the word evolves as your sentence structure moves from simple identification to describing changes in state. Mastery of these patterns will make your Ukrainian sound much more authentic and fluid.
The word мокрий is ubiquitous in Ukraine, echoing through various spheres of life from the domestic to the public. If you are living in a Ukrainian-speaking environment, you will hear it most frequently in the context of weather, household cleaning, and personal hygiene. It is a 'high-frequency' word that appears in casual conversations just as often as it does in formal safety warnings.
- The Weather Report
- Meteorologists on Ukrainian TV channels like '1+1' or 'Suspilne' frequently use the phrase мокрий сніг (wet snow) during the transitional seasons of late autumn and early spring. It’s a warning to drivers about slippery roads and to pedestrians about slushy sidewalks.
- Public Spaces
- In shopping malls like 'Ocean Plaza' or 'Blockbuster Mall' in Kyiv, cleaning staff place yellow signs that read Обережно, мокра підлога!. This is a standard safety phrase you should recognize instantly to avoid slipping.
Мамо, я не хочу вдягати цей мокрий купальник!
— Mom, I don't want to put on this wet swimsuit!
At the gym or the swimming pool (басейн), мокрий is everywhere. People talk about their 'мокрий одяг' (wet clothes) or 'мокре волосся' (wet hair). Coaches might tell students not to leave the building with wet hair during winter to avoid getting sick. Similarly, at the beach in Odesa, you'll hear parents shouting to their kids to come out of the water because they are 'зовсім мокрі' (completely wet) and shivering.
Сьогодні на вулиці мокро і холодно.
— It is wet and cold outside today.
In Ukrainian literature and music, мокрий often sets a mood. You might find it in a song by 'Okean Elzy' or 'Odyn v Kanoe' describing a rainy street or a tearful goodbye. The word carries a sensory weight—you can almost feel the dampness and the chill when it's used in a poetic context. It transitions from a mundane household observation to a powerful artistic tool effortlessly.
- The Kitchen and Home
- You'll hear it when dealing with laundry: Білизна ще мокра (The laundry is still wet). Or in the kitchen: Не бери хліб мокрими руками (Don't take the bread with wet hands).
Ultimately, мокрий is a word that connects you to the physical reality of life in Ukraine. It’s practical, descriptive, and deeply embedded in the daily rhythm of the language.
Even though мокрий seems straightforward, English speakers and other learners often stumble over its specific usage compared to similar-sounding or similar-meaning words. Understanding these pitfalls will help you sound more like a native speaker and avoid confusing your listeners.
- Confusing 'Мокрий' vs. 'Вологий'
- This is the most common error. Мокрий means 'wet' (saturated, dripping), whereas вологий means 'damp' or 'humid'. If your clothes are slightly damp from humidity, use вологий. If they just came out of the washing machine without spinning, they are мокрі.
- Misusing 'Сирий'
- The word сирий can mean 'raw' (as in food) or 'damp/chilly' (as in weather). Learners sometimes use мокрий to describe a basement that smells of mildew, but сирий is often more appropriate for that 'damp' environmental feeling.
Incorrect: Повітря сьогодні дуже мокре.
— The air is very humid today (not 'wet' like a liquid).
Correct: Повітря сьогодні дуже вологе.
Another mistake involves adjective endings. English speakers often forget that the ending must change. Saying 'мокра собака' when referring to a male dog (собака is actually masculine in some contexts but usually treated as feminine grammatically, though 'пес' is definitely masculine) can be tricky. Always match the gender of the noun. If you say мокрий сукня (wet dress), a Ukrainian will understand you but notice the error immediately because сукня is feminine, so it must be мокра сукня.
Не сідай на мокру лавку!
— Don't sit on the wet bench! (Using the feminine accusative correctly).
Lastly, learners sometimes struggle with the adverbial form мокро. In English, we say 'It is wet,' using an adjective. In Ukrainian, when describing the state of the environment without a specific noun, we use the adverb: На вулиці мокро. Beginners often try to say 'На вулиці є мокрий,' which is grammatically incorrect and sounds like 'In the street there is a wet [something].' Always use the '-o' ending for general environmental descriptions.
- Summary of Confusion
- Remember: Мокрий = liquid on surface. Вологий = moisture inside or in air. Сирий = uncooked or unpleasantly damp.
To truly master Ukrainian, you need to know the spectrum of 'wetness'. While мокрий is the general term, several other words offer more precision depending on the amount of liquid and the context. Expanding your vocabulary with these alternatives will make your descriptions more vivid and accurate.
- Вологий (Volo-hyi)
- Meaning 'damp' or 'moist'. Use this for skin (moisturizer), air (humidity), or clothes that haven't fully dried. It suggests a lower level of saturation than мокрий.
- Промоклий (Pro-mok-lyi)
- Meaning 'soaked through'. This is a past participle used as an adjective. If you walked through a storm and your shirt is sticking to your skin, you are промоклий.
- Заляпаний (Za-lya-pa-nyi)
- Meaning 'splattered'. Use this when you aren't fully wet, but have spots of water or mud on you—common after walking near cars driving through puddles.
Цей рушник не мокрий, він просто трохи вологий.
— This towel isn't wet; it's just a little damp.
For more poetic or intense descriptions, you might use хлюпкий (slushy/squelchy), often used for the sound of walking in wet shoes or on wet ground. If something is dripping wet, you could say it is з якого тече (from which [water] flows). In a technical or scientific context, you might use зволожений (hydrated/moistened).
Земля після зливи була наскрізь мокра.
— The ground was wet through and through after the downpour.
In slang or very informal speech, you might hear мокреча (a noun meaning 'wetness' or 'wet weather'). Using these variations shows a high level of linguistic competence and allows you to convey the exact physical sensation you are experiencing. Whether you are describing a 'волога серветка' (wet wipe) or a 'мокрий поцілунок' (wet kiss), choosing the right word from this cluster is key to nuance.
- Direct Antonyms
- Сухий (Dry)
- Черствий (Stale/Dry - used for bread)
- Висушений (Dried out)
Beispiele nach Niveau
Мій собака мокрий.
My dog is wet.
Simple subject-adjective sentence.
Твоя куртка мокра.
Your jacket is wet.
Feminine agreement: мокра.
Тут мокра підлога.
The floor is wet here.
Predicate adjective with omitted 'є'.
На вулиці мокро.
It is wet outside.
Adverbial form 'мокро'.
Це мокре вікно.
This is a wet window.
Neuter agreement: мокре.
Я маю мокрі руки.
I have wet hands.
Plural agreement: мокрі.
Трава сьогодні мокра.
The grass is wet today.
Feminine nominative.
Де мій мокрий рушник?
Where is my wet towel?
Masculine nominative.
Не ходи по мокрій підлозі.
Don't walk on the wet floor.
Locative case: мокрій підлозі.
Мені потрібні мокрі серветки.
I need wet wipes.
Plural accusative.
У дитини мокрий кашель.
The child has a wet cough.
Medical collocation.
Ми йшли по мокрому піску.
We were walking on wet sand.
Dative case of place.
Вона витерла стіл мокрою ганчіркою.
She wiped the table with a wet rag.
Instrumental case: мокрою ганчіркою.
Чому ти в мокрому одязі?
Why are you in wet clothes?
Locative case: мокрому одязі.
Він купив мокрий корм для кота.
He bought wet food for the cat.
Masculine accusative (inanimate).
Сьогодні буде мокрий сніг.
There will be wet snow today.
Future tense with weather noun phrase.
Її очі були мокрі від сліз.
Her eyes were wet from tears.
Plural nominative with prepositional phrase.
Він був увесь мокрий від поту після бігу.
He was all wet from sweat after the run.
Adjective phrase describing a state.
Ця дорога мокріша, ніж та.
This road is wetter than that one.
Comparative degree: мокріша.
Ми шукали сухе місце, але все було мокре.
We looked for a dry place, but everything was wet.
Contrast between antonyms.
Через мокру погоду ми залишилися вдома.
Because of the wet weather, we stayed home.
Accusative case with 'через'.
Він розпалив вогнище, хоча дрова були мокрі.
He started a fire, although the wood was wet.
Concessive clause.
Мокрий асфальт відбивав світло ліхтарів.
The wet asphalt reflected the light of the lanterns.
Literary description.
Я відчув щось мокре на своєму плечі.
I felt something wet on my shoulder.
Substantive use of neuter adjective.
Мокрий мокрого не боїться.
A wet person isn't afraid of a wet person (Idiom).
Proverbial usage.
Його сорочка стала зовсім мокрою за лічені хвилини.
His shirt became completely wet in a matter of minutes.
Instrumental case with 'ставати'.
Вона не змигнула своїми мокрими віями.
She didn't blink her wet eyelashes.
Instrumental plural.
Мокрий метод прибирання є більш ефективним.
The wet cleaning method is more effective.
Formal/Technical register.
Після шторму все узбережжя було вкрите мокрими водоростями.
After the storm, the entire coast was covered with wet seaweed.
Passive construction with instrumental.
Він висловив своє незадоволення мокрим поглядом.
He expressed his dissatisfaction with a 'wet' (teary/weak) look.
Metaphorical usage.
Мокрий клімат цього регіону сприяє росту моху.
The wet climate of this region promotes the growth of moss.
Scientific/Descriptive register.
Ми пробиралися крізь мокрий чагарник.
We made our way through the wet shrubbery.
Accusative with 'крізь'.
Поет описує мокрий відчай міських вулиць.
The poet describes the wet despair of city streets.
Highly metaphorical/Literary.
Мокрий процес штукатурення вимагає певного температурного режиму.
The wet plastering process requires a certain temperature regime.
Technical construction terminology.
Він стояв, мокрий до нитки, посеред порожнього майдану.
He stood, soaked to the bone, in the middle of an empty square.
Idiomatic expression 'до нитки'.
Наскрізь мокрі документи вже неможливо було врятувати.
The thoroughly wet documents could no longer be saved.
Adverbial intensifier 'наскрізь'.
Мокрий блиск очей видавав її справжні почуття.
The wet glint of her eyes betrayed her true feelings.
Nuanced psychological description.
У діалектах це слово може набувати значень, відмінних від літературних.
In dialects, this word can take on meanings different from literary ones.
Linguistic analysis context.
Він занурив руку в мокру прохолоду джерельної води.
He dipped his hand into the wet coolness of spring water.
Poetic substantive-adjective phrase.
Мокрий фасад будівлі виглядав похмуро в сутінках.
The wet facade of the building looked gloomy in the twilight.
Architectural description.
Мокрий архетип у літературі часто символізує очищення або хаос.
The 'wet' archetype in literature often symbolizes purification or chaos.
Literary theory context.
Екзистенційна мокрота буття пронизувала кожен рядок його роману.
The existential wetness of being permeated every line of his novel.
Philosophical abstraction using a related noun.
Він оперував поняттям 'мокра логіка' для опису нечітких систем.
He operated with the concept of 'wet logic' to describe fuzzy systems.
Scientific metaphor.
Мокра печатка на документі була останньою вимогою бюрократів.
A 'wet seal' (ink stamp) on the document was the last requirement of the bureaucrats.
Legal/Bureaucratic jargon.
Твір перенасичений мокрими метафорами, що створюють ефект присутності.
The work is oversaturated with wet metaphors, creating an effect of presence.
Critical analysis.
Він відчув мокрий дотик вічності, стоячи на березі океану.
He felt the wet touch of eternity, standing on the ocean shore.
High poetic register.
Мокрий шлях до істини виявився тернистим і холодним.
The wet path to truth turned out to be thorny and cold.
Abstract allegory.
У цій поезії мокрий сніг стає символом перехідності життя.
In this poetry, wet snow becomes a symbol of the transience of life.
Symbolic interpretation.
Häufige Kollokationen
Häufige Phrasen
мокра курка
мокрого місця не залишити
хоч викручуй
мокрі штани
до мокрої нитки
мокра справа
мокрим рядном накрити
мокрий носок
мокра трава
мокре волосся
Summary
The word 'мокрий' is a foundational adjective meaning 'wet'. It is used across all registers of Ukrainian to describe everything from a rain-soaked street to a tearful eye. Always remember to match its ending to the gender of the noun you are describing: 'мокрий пес' (masculine), 'мокра трава' (feminine), 'мокре вікно' (neuter).
- The word 'мокрий' is the standard Ukrainian adjective for 'wet', used for physical objects, weather, and emotions.
- It must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies (e.g., мокрий, мокра, мокре).
- Commonly confused with 'вологий' (damp) and 'сирий' (raw/humid), it specifically implies liquid saturation.
- Essential for A1 learners to navigate daily situations like rainy weather, cleaning, and personal hygiene.
Verwandte Inhalte
Mehr nature Wörter
весна
A1The season between winter and summer
взимку
A1In the winter
влітку
A1In the summer
восени
A1In the autumn
глибокий
A1Extending far down from the top or surface
дерево
A1A woody perennial plant
дощ
A1rain
дощовий
A1Characterized by or having a lot of rain
зима
A1The coldest season of the year
зимовий
A1Relating to or characteristic of winter
