Diese Seite in deiner Sprache

English

فارسی

العربية

Español

Français

日本語

한국어

Português

中文

हिन्दी

B1 verb/noun #4,500 am häufigsten 11 Min. Lesezeit

推断

tuiduan Top 4,500

Jetzt üben Beispiele Notizen & Tipps 推断 in 30 Sekunden

Erklärung 推断 in your Level:

At the A1 level, the word '推断' (tuīduàn) is quite advanced, but the concept of 'guessing based on what you see' is something you already do. At this stage, you don't need to use this word yet, but you can understand it as a very serious way of saying 'I think... because...'. Imagine you see a friend carrying an umbrella. You 'think' it will rain. In high-level Chinese, this 'thinking' is called '推断'. For now, focus on using simpler words like '觉得' (juéde - to feel/think) or '猜' (cāi - to guess). For example, instead of saying 'I infer it will rain,' you would say '我觉得会下雨' (I think it will rain). Learning that '推断' exists helps you realize that Chinese has different words for 'thinking' depending on how much evidence you have. Think of it as a 'Level 10' version of 'guessing.' You will mostly see this word in books or hear it on the news when you are a more advanced student. For now, just remember: 推 (tuī) means to push, and 断 (duàn) means to decide. So, you are 'pushing' your mind to 'decide' something. This is a great word to keep in the back of your mind as you grow!

Registriere dich kostenlos für die vollständige Erklärung

At the A2 level, you are starting to use more conjunctions like '因为...所以...' (because... so...). The word '推断' (tuīduàn) is the formal way to describe that logic. When you say 'Because he is not here, so I think he is late,' you are making a simple inference. In a Chinese classroom, your teacher might ask you to '推断' what happens next in a story. This means you shouldn't just guess randomly, but look at the pictures or the words you already know to find the answer. You might see this word in simple reading exercises. For example, '从图片中你可以推断出什么？' (What can you infer from the picture?). Even if you don't use it in daily conversation, recognizing it will help you in tests. It's like the difference between saying 'I guess' and 'I conclude.' As an A2 learner, you are building the foundation of logic, and '推断' is the professional label for that foundation. Try to notice when people use it on TV—it usually happens when someone is looking at evidence, like a doctor looking at a patient or a teacher looking at a student's homework. It shows that the person is being careful and smart about their conclusion.

Registriere dich kostenlos für die vollständige Erklärung

As a B1 learner, '推断' (tuīduàn) is a word you should begin to actively use, especially in writing or formal discussions. At this level, you are expected to move beyond simple opinions and start providing reasons for your thoughts. '推断' is the perfect word for this. It allows you to say 'Based on X, I infer Y.' The structure is usually '根据 [Evidence], 我们可以推断出 [Conclusion].' For example, '根据天气预报，我们可以推断明天会很冷' (Based on the weather report, we can infer it will be very cold tomorrow). This sounds much more professional than just using '觉得.' You will encounter this word frequently in HSK 3 and 4 reading materials, where you are asked to infer the meaning of a word from its context or the author's attitude. Understanding '推断' helps you realize that Chinese reading is often about 'reading between the lines.' It is also a common word in business meetings. If you are discussing sales figures, you might say, '从上个月的销售额可以推断，我们的新产品很受欢迎' (From last month's sales, it can be inferred that our new product is very popular). Using this word correctly shows that you have reached an intermediate level of logical expression in Chinese.

At the B2 level, '推断' (tuīduàn) becomes an essential tool for academic and professional success. You are no longer just learning the word; you are learning the nuances of its application. You should be able to distinguish '推断' from similar words like '推理' (reasoning) or '推测' (speculation). At this level, you will use '推断' to analyze complex texts, participate in debates, and write essays. For example, in an essay about the environment, you might write: '由此推断，如果不采取行动，全球变暖将继续加剧' (From this it is inferred that if action is not taken, global warming will continue to intensify). You will also notice the word used as a noun: '这个推断缺乏证据' (This inference lacks evidence). B2 learners should focus on the resultative complement '出' (chū), as in '推断出,' to indicate a successful deduction. You will also see it in more complex grammatical structures, such as '难以推断' (difficult to infer) or '足以推断' (sufficient to infer). Mastery of this word at the B2 level signifies that you can handle abstract concepts and logical arguments with the same precision as a native speaker in a professional setting. It is a key word for anyone looking to work or study in a Chinese-speaking environment.

Registriere dich kostenlos für die vollständige Erklärung

For C1 learners, '推断' (tuīduàn) is a fundamental component of high-level discourse. You are expected to use it with perfect precision, understanding its subtle connotations of logical necessity. In C1 reading passages, '推断' is often the focus of 'inference questions' that require you to synthesize information from multiple parts of a text. You should be comfortable using the word in its noun form to critique arguments, such as: '作者的推断建立在一个不稳固的前提之上' (The author's inference is built upon an unstable premise). At this level, you should also be familiar with related formal terms like '演绎推断' (deductive inference) and '归纳推断' (inductive inference). You might use '推断' to discuss philosophy, law, or advanced science. For instance, '在缺乏直接证据的情况下，法官必须依靠间接证据进行推断' (In the absence of direct evidence, the judge must rely on indirect evidence to make an inference). Your ability to use '推断' in such sophisticated contexts demonstrates a deep understanding of Chinese intellectual traditions and modern academic standards. It shows that you can not only understand what is being said but also how the logic of the argument is constructed and where its potential weaknesses might lie.

Registriere dich kostenlos für die vollständige Erklärung

At the C2 level, '推断' (tuīduàn) is used with a level of nuance that reflects a near-native command of the language. You understand that '推断' is not just a cognitive process but a rhetorical tool used to build authoritative arguments. C2 speakers use it to navigate the most complex linguistic landscapes, from classical literary analysis to cutting-edge scientific theory. You might find yourself debating the '推断' made by historians about ancient Chinese dynasties or analyzing the '逻辑推断' in a supreme court ruling. At this stage, you can use the word to express high degrees of abstraction: '这种形而上学的推断在现代科学中难以立足' (This kind of metaphysical inference is hard to sustain in modern science). You are also sensitive to the prosody and rhythm of the word within a sentence, using it to create a formal and persuasive tone. Whether you are writing a doctoral thesis in Chinese or delivering a keynote speech, '推断' is a word that allows you to express the highest levels of human thought. You understand its historical roots in the '推' and '断' characters and how that history informs its modern usage as a bridge between evidence and truth. At C2, '推断' is more than just a vocabulary word; it is a testament to your ability to think, reason, and conclude in Chinese at the highest possible level.

Registriere dich kostenlos für die vollständige Erklärung

Jetzt üben Beispiele Notizen & Tipps

推断 in 30 Sekunden

推断 means to infer or deduce. It is a formal word used when you have clear evidence to support your logic and conclusion.
Commonly used in academic, legal, and professional contexts, it is much more serious and reliable than a simple guess or 'cāicè'.
It often appears with 'gēnjù' (according to) or 'cóng' (from), highlighting the path from known facts to a newly discovered truth.
Mastering this word is essential for B1 level and above, as it allows for precise expression in logical arguments and analytical writing.

The Chinese term 推断 (tuīduàn) is a sophisticated verb and noun that translates most accurately to 'infer' or 'deduce' in English. It is composed of two powerful characters: 推 (tuī), meaning to push or to extend, and 断 (duàn), meaning to judge, decide, or break a deadlock. Together, they represent the mental process of 'pushing' existing facts and evidence toward a logical 'judgment.' This isn't just a simple guess; it is an intellectual exercise that bridges the gap between what is known and what is yet to be confirmed. In the landscape of Chinese vocabulary, 推断 sits firmly in the realm of formal, academic, and professional communication. You will encounter it frequently in scientific reports, detective novels, legal proceedings, and high-level reading comprehension tests like the HSK 5 or 6. When a scientist observes a pattern in data, they 推断 a future trend. When a detective finds a footprint, they 推断 the suspect's height. It implies a high degree of certainty derived from objective observation rather than subjective feeling.

Logical Basis: The use of 推断 requires a premise. You cannot 推断 out of thin air; you must have a '根据' (basis) or '证据' (evidence) to support your claim.
Formality Level: It is significantly more formal than 猜 (cāi - to guess). While you might 猜 what someone had for lunch, you 推断 the economic outlook of a nation based on GDP growth rates.

根据目前的化石证据，科学家们推断出这类恐龙具有群体生活的习性。(Based on current fossil evidence, scientists infer that this type of dinosaur had social habits.)

In social contexts, 推断 can also be used to describe the act of reading between the lines. In Chinese culture, where communication is often high-context and indirect, the ability to 推断 the speaker's true meaning from their tone, posture, and choice of words is considered a vital social skill. However, even in these cases, the word retains its 'logical' flavor. It suggests that the listener is performing a mental calculation to arrive at the truth. Furthermore, the word can function as a noun, referring to the conclusion itself. For example, '这个推断是错误的' (This inference is incorrect). This dual usage makes it incredibly versatile in both writing and speech. To master 推断 is to move beyond basic survival Chinese into the realm of intellectual discourse, allowing you to discuss complex ideas, analyze literature, and participate in professional debates with precision and clarity.

Historically, the concept of 推断 aligns with the development of Chinese logic and legalism. The character 断 was often associated with a judge rendering a verdict. Therefore, when you 推断, you are acting as a mental judge, weighing the evidence presented to you before 'breaking' the uncertainty and arriving at a firm conclusion. This historical weight adds a layer of authority to the word that simpler verbs lack. In modern Mandarin, it is the go-to word for any situation involving deductive reasoning, from solving a math problem to understanding the nuances of a political speech.

Mastering the grammatical application of 推断 (tuīduàn) involves understanding its role as both a transitive verb and a formal noun. In its most common verbal form, it follows the structure: [Subject] + [Evidence/Basis] + 推断 + [Conclusion]. Because 推断 is a process that leads to a result, it is frequently paired with the resultative complement 出 (chū), as in 推断出 (to infer out/to arrive at an inference). This emphasizes the completion of the mental task.

Verb-Object Structure: Example: 警方通过指纹推断出了嫌疑人的身份。(The police inferred the suspect's identity through fingerprints.) Here, '推断' acts directly on the identity.
Noun Usage: Example: 你的推断很有道理。(Your inference makes a lot of sense.) In this case, it functions as the subject of the sentence, receiving a description.

我们不能仅仅依靠直觉来做出推断，而应该看事实。(We cannot make inferences based solely on intuition; we should look at the facts.)

Another common pattern involves using 可以 (kěyǐ - can) or 难以 (nányǐ - difficult to) before the verb. For instance, '从这些迹象可以推断...' (From these signs, one can infer...). This construction is ubiquitous in academic writing and formal presentations. It's also important to note that 推断 is often followed by a clause rather than just a noun. For example: '我从他的表情推断他并不开心' (I inferred from his expression that he was not happy). The clause '他并不开心' serves as the complex object of the verb. This flexibility allows the speaker to express detailed logical conclusions without needing a separate sentence.

In professional settings, you might hear the phrase 由此推断 (yóucǐ tuīduàn), which means 'inferring from this' or 'consequently.' It serves as a transition word that connects a set of facts to a logical outcome. For example: '该公司的利润连续三年下降，由此推断，他们的经营策略可能存在问题' (The company's profits have declined for three consecutive years; from this, it is inferred that there may be a problem with their business strategy). This level of sentence structure demonstrates a high command of Chinese logic and syntax, moving beyond simple 'A because B' constructions into more sophisticated analytical frameworks.

The word 推断 (tuīduàn) is a staple of 'intellectual' Mandarin. While you might not hear it used by children playing in a park, it is inescapable in environments where information is analyzed and conclusions are drawn. One of the primary 'natural habitats' for this word is the news and media. Anchors and analysts use it when discussing geopolitical developments or economic shifts. For instance, when discussing the results of an election, an analyst might say, '根据初步计票结果，我们可以推断出这位候选人将获得胜利' (Based on preliminary vote counts, we can infer that this candidate will win). It provides a layer of professional distance and objectivity to their analysis.

Academic and Scientific Discourse: In universities and research labs, 推断 is the standard term for statistical inference and logical deduction. It appears in the 'Conclusion' section of nearly every research paper.
Legal and Investigative Contexts: Lawyers and judges use 推断 when discussing circumstantial evidence. A judge might state that the defendant's guilt can be 推断 from the available evidence.

在侦探小说中，福尔摩斯总是能通过细微的观察做出惊人的推断。(In detective novels, Sherlock Holmes is always able to make amazing inferences through minute observations.)

Beyond these formal settings, 推断 also appears in high-stakes social and business interactions. In a corporate boardroom, a manager might use the word to sound more persuasive and data-driven. Instead of saying 'I think the customers will like this,' they might say, '根据我们的市场调研，我们可以推断消费者对这款产品的接受度很高' (Based on our market research, we can infer that consumer acceptance of this product is very high). This shifts the focus from a personal opinion to a logical conclusion derived from data, which is much harder to argue against. You will also find it in the instructions of standardized tests like the HSK, GRE, or GMAT in Chinese, where questions often ask you to '推断作者的意图' (infer the author's intention).

Finally, in the world of literature and film criticism, 推断 is used to discuss character motivations and plot developments that are not explicitly stated. Critics will 推断 the underlying themes of a movie based on its visual symbolism. This highlights the word's role as a tool for deeper understanding, moving beyond surface-level facts to find hidden meanings. Whether you are reading a high-brow magazine like Sanlian Lifeweek or watching a complex legal drama on TV, 推断 is the key that unlocks the logical structure of the narrative.

While 推断 (tuīduàn) is a powerful word, it is often misused by learners who substitute it for simpler words or use it in the wrong register. The most common error is confusing it with 猜测 (cāicè - to guess). While both involve reaching a conclusion without absolute certainty, 猜测 is much more subjective and can be based on a whim or a 'gut feeling.' 推断, however, demands a logical path. If you say you 推断 someone is angry just because you have a bad feeling, it sounds linguistically mismatched. You should only use 推断 when you can point to specific evidence, like a loud voice or a slammed door.

Misusing Register: Using 推断 in very casual settings can make you sound overly formal or even robotic. For example, telling a friend '我推断你想吃披萨' (I infer you want to eat pizza) is technically correct but socially awkward. In this case, '我觉得' (I think) or '我想' (I suspect) is better.
Confusion with '推理' (tuīlǐ): Learners often swap 推断 with 推理. While related, 推理 refers to the overall process of reasoning (like a detective's logic), whereas 推断 specifically focuses on the final conclusion or the act of reaching that specific point.

Incorrect: 我随便推断了一下，明天会下雨。
Correct: 我随便猜测了一下，明天会下雨。(You don't 'randomly' infer; inference requires effort.)

Another frequent mistake is the omission of the resultative complement 出 (chū) when the sentence requires a sense of completion. For instance, '他推断了结果' sounds slightly incomplete compared to '他推断出了结果.' The latter clearly indicates that the process reached a successful end. Additionally, some learners confuse 推断 with 判断 (pànduàn - to judge). While 判断 is often a binary choice (right/wrong, true/false), 推断 involves a more complex derivation of new information from existing facts. You 判断 if a statement is true, but you 推断 the hidden meaning behind the statement.

Finally, be careful with the word order when using evidence. A common error is placing the evidence after the verb without a proper preposition. Remember to use '根据...' (Based on...) or '从...中' (From within...) before the verb 推断. Incorrectly saying '我推断他的表情他很难过' is a direct translation from English that fails in Chinese. The correct structure is '我从他的表情推断出他很难过.' Paying attention to these structural nuances will ensure your use of 推断 sounds natural and professional.

To truly understand 推断 (tuīduàn), one must compare it with its linguistic cousins. Mandarin has a rich set of words for mental processes, and choosing the right one is key to precision. The most closely related word is 推理 (tuīlǐ). While both involve '推' (pushing/extending logic), 推理 refers to the abstract system of logic or the entire process of reasoning. You might study '逻辑推理' (logical reasoning) as a subject. 推断, conversely, is more focused on the specific application of that logic to reach a concrete conclusion or the conclusion itself.

推断 vs. 判断 (pànduàn): 判断 means to judge or decide. It is often a choice between existing options (e.g., '判断对错' - judge right or wrong). 推断 is the act of 'creating' a new piece of information through logic.
推断 vs. 猜测 (cāicè): 猜测 is 'to guess.' It is informal and often lacks a solid evidence base. You 猜测 who might win a game, but you 推断 the winner based on statistics.
推断 vs. 估计 (gūjì): 估计 means 'to estimate.' It is primarily used for quantities, time, or likelihood (e.g., '估计有五十人' - estimate there are 50 people). It is less about logical derivation and more about approximation.

虽然推理是过程，但推断才是我们最终得到的答案。(While reasoning is the process, inference is the final answer we obtain.)

In more specialized contexts, you might encounter 推论 (tuīlùn). This is almost synonymous with 推断 but is even more formal, often used in mathematics or formal logic to describe a 'corollary' or a theorem derived from another. Then there is 推测 (tuīcè), which is a blend of 推断 and 猜测. It implies an inference that has some evidence but still carries a significant amount of speculation. For example, '推测外星生命的存在' (speculating on the existence of extraterrestrial life). Using 推测 suggests you are making an educated guess, whereas 推断 suggests your conclusion is a necessary logical result of the facts.

Understanding these distinctions allows you to navigate Chinese social and professional circles with greater nuance. If you use 推断 when others are merely 猜测, you project an air of authority and analytical rigor. Conversely, knowing when to use 估计 instead of 推断 prevents you from sounding like you are over-analyzing a simple numerical guess. Each of these words is a tool in the kit of a fluent Chinese speaker, and 推断 is arguably the most sharpened tool for high-level intellectual work.

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

The character '断' (duàn) is also used in the word '判断' (judgment) and '断案' (to solve a legal case), showing its deep historical link to the legal system and definitive decisions.

Aussprachehilfe

UK /tʰu̯eɪ˥ tu̯an˥˩/

US /tʰu̯eɪ˥ tu̯an˥˩/

The emphasis is usually slightly more on the second syllable 'duàn' as it represents the final judgment.

Reimt sich auf

威 (wēi) 归 (guī) 灰 (huī) 算 (suàn) 乱 (luàn) 换 (huàn) 看 (kàn) 慢 (màn)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing 'duàn' with a rising tone (2nd tone) like 'duán'.
Mumbling the 'u' sound in 'tuī', making it sound like 'tī'.
Confusing the 'u' in 'duàn' with an 'o' sound.
Failing to make the 4th tone on 'duàn' sharp enough.
Pronouncing 'tuī' as a low tone.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 4/5

Common in HSK 5/6 and academic texts. Requires understanding of context.

Schreiben 5/5

Requires correct placement of evidence and resultative complements.

Sprechen 3/5

Easy to pronounce, but often replaced by simpler words in casual speech.

Hören 4/5

Can be missed in fast speech; often signals an important conclusion is coming.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

推 (tuī) 断 (duàn) 根据 (gēnjù) 觉得 (juéde) 猜 (cāi)

Als Nächstes lernen

推理 (tuīlǐ) 推测 (tuīcè) 逻辑 (luójí) 演绎 (yǎnyì) 归纳 (guīnà)

Fortgeschritten

诠释 (quánshì) 论证 (lùnzhèng) 假设 (jiǎshè) 验证 (yànzhèng) 谬误 (miùwù)

Wichtige Grammatik

Using '根据' (According to) as a preposition for evidence.

根据天气预报，我们推断明天会下雨。

Using '出' (chū) as a resultative complement with verbs of discovery.

他终于推断出了密码。

Using '由此' (From this) as a formal transition.

由此推断，他的计划失败了。

Using '难以' (Hard to) before formal verbs.

目前的情况难以推断。

Adverbial modification with '地' (de).

他逻辑严密地推断出了结果。

Registriere dich kostenlos für die vollständige Erklärung

Beispiele nach Niveau

我看他笑了，我推断他很高兴。

I see him smile, I infer he is happy.

A1 students use 推断 as a simple 'I think' based on a visual cue.

天黑了，我推断快要下雨了。

The sky is dark, I infer it will rain soon.

Using environmental cues to make a simple inference.

他不说话，我推断他不开心。

He is not talking, I infer he is not happy.

Inferring emotion from silence.

灯亮着，我推断他在家。

The light is on, I infer he is at home.

Simple logical connection between light and presence.

他跑得很快，我推断他迟到了。

He is running fast, I infer he is late.

Inferring a situation from an action.

书包很重，我推断里面有很多书。

The backpack is heavy, I infer there are many books inside.

Physical weight leading to a logical conclusion.

他拿着蛋糕，我推断今天是他的生日。

He is holding a cake, I infer today is his birthday.

Object association with an event.

门关着，我推断他们不在公司。

The door is closed, I infer they are not at the office.

State of an object leading to an inference about people.

根据他的衣服，我可以推断他是医生。

Based on his clothes, I can infer he is a doctor.

Using '根据' (based on) to introduce evidence.

从这个故事，我们可以推断出什么？

From this story, what can we infer?

The verb '推断出' is used in a question about meaning.

他没接电话，我推断他在开会。

He didn't answer the phone, I infer he is in a meeting.

Negative evidence (not answering) leading to a conclusion.

地上是湿的，我推断刚才下雨了。

The ground is wet, I infer it rained just now.

Observing the aftermath to infer a past event.

他吃了很多，我推断他很饿。

He ate a lot, I infer he was very hungry.

Quantity of action used for inference.

老师在笑，我推断大家考得不错。

The teacher is smiling, I infer everyone did well on the test.

Social cues used for group-level inference.

商店关门了，我推断现在已经很晚了。

The shop is closed, I infer it is already very late.

Environmental state used to infer time.

他一直在看表，我推断他有急事。

He keeps looking at his watch, I infer he has urgent business.

Repeated action indicating an underlying state.

通过这些实验数据，我们可以推断出结论。

Through these experimental data, we can infer the conclusion.

Using '通过' (through) and '推断出' (infer out).

从作者的语气中，我们可以推断他的态度。

From the author's tone, we can infer his attitude.

Inferring abstract qualities like 'attitude' or 'tone'.

警方根据现场痕迹推断嫌疑人的逃跑方向。

The police inferred the suspect's escape direction based on scene traces.

Professional application of inference in investigation.

如果你看到价格下降，你可以推断需求减少了。

If you see prices falling, you can infer that demand has decreased.

Economic reasoning using conditional 'If... then...'.

这种推断在逻辑上是成立的。

This inference is logically sound.

Using '推断' as a noun modified by '逻辑上' (logically).

我们无法从目前的信息中推断出结果。

We cannot infer the result from the current information.

Expressing the inability to reach a conclusion.

根据目前的市场趋势，专家推断房价会上涨。

Based on current market trends, experts infer that house prices will rise.

Expert opinion presented as a formal inference.

他并没有直接说，但我可以从他的话里推断出来。

He didn't say it directly, but I can infer it from his words.

Focusing on indirect communication and reading between the lines.

这种推断虽然合理，但仍需要更多证据支持。

Although this inference is reasonable, it still needs more evidence to support it.

Using '虽然...但...' to qualify the strength of an inference.

研究人员从化石的结构推断出该生物的食性。

Researchers inferred the creature's diet from the structure of the fossils.

Scientific deduction from physical structures.

我们不能主观地推断他人的意图。

We cannot subjectively infer others' intentions.

Using the adverb '主观地' (subjectively) to warn against bias.

由此推断，这套系统的安全漏洞非常严重。

From this, it is inferred that the system's security vulnerabilities are very serious.

Using '由此推断' as a formal transition in a report.

历史学家通过古籍记载推断出那场战争的规模。

Historians inferred the scale of that war through ancient records.

Historical analysis using textual evidence.

这一推断为我们解决问题提供了新的思路。

This inference provides us with a new way of thinking to solve the problem.

Inference as a noun that serves as a source of inspiration.

在缺乏数据的情况下，任何推断都是不准确的。

In the absence of data, any inference is inaccurate.

Stressing the necessity of data for valid inference.

根据目前的进展，我们可以推断项目能按时完成。

Based on current progress, we can infer that the project will be completed on time.

Professional project management context.

作者在文中虽未明言，但读者可以从中推断出其深层的讽刺意图。

Although the author does not state it explicitly, the reader can infer their deep satirical intent.

Sophisticated literary analysis involving 'deep' and 'satirical' layers.

这种逻辑推断在法庭上必须经受严密的质证。

This logical inference must undergo rigorous cross-examination in court.

Legal context involving 'rigorous cross-examination' (质证).

我们应当警惕那些建立在片面事实基础上的推断。

We should be wary of inferences built on one-sided facts.

Critical thinking warning against biased or incomplete data.

统计学中的参数推断是科学研究的核心工具之一。

Parametric inference in statistics is one of the core tools of scientific research.

Technical academic usage in the field of statistics.

从该地区的岩层分布，地质学家推断出数亿年前的地理变迁。

From the distribution of rock layers in this area, geologists inferred geographical changes from hundreds of millions of years ago.

Complex scientific deduction over vast timescales.

这种推断过程体现了演绎推理与归纳推理的完美结合。

This inference process reflects the perfect combination of deductive and inductive reasoning.

Abstract discussion of philosophical and logical methods.

尽管信息零碎，他还是凭借敏锐的洞察力做出了准确的推断。

Despite the fragmented information, he still made an accurate inference with his keen insight.

Highlighting personal skill ('keen insight') in the process of inference.

该理论的有效性取决于其基本推断是否能被实验验证。

The validity of the theory depends on whether its basic inferences can be verified by experiments.

Scientific methodology focusing on verification of inferences.

在本体论的范畴内，这种推断往往触及了存在本身的复杂性。

Within the scope of ontology, such inferences often touch upon the complexity of existence itself.

Extremely formal and philosophical usage involving 'ontology' (本体论).

外交辞令中的每一个字眼都需要经过缜密的推断，以洞悉对方的真实立场。

Every word in diplomatic rhetoric needs to undergo meticulous inference to discern the other party's true position.

Diplomatic and political context focusing on 'meticulous inference' (缜密的推断).

该文学批评家通过文本细读，推断出作品中隐藏的政治隐喻。

The literary critic inferred the hidden political metaphors in the work through close reading.

Advanced literary criticism involving 'close reading' (文本细读).

这种推断的谬误在于它混淆了相关性与因果关系。

The fallacy of this inference lies in its confusion of correlation with causation.

Logical analysis focusing on 'fallacy' (谬误) and 'causation' (因果关系).

从微观经济数据的波动中，我们可以推断出宏观政策调整的先兆。

From the fluctuations of microeconomic data, we can infer the precursors of macroeconomic policy adjustments.

High-level economic analysis linking micro and macro levels.

历史的必然性往往并非显而易见，而是需要通过对海量史料的推断方能窥见一二。

Historical inevitability is often not obvious, but requires inference from a massive amount of historical data to catch a glimpse of.

Philosophical view of history involving 'massive historical data' (海量史料).

这种基于先验假设的推断，在缺乏实证的情况下显得苍白无力。

This inference based on a priori assumptions appears weak and powerless in the absence of empirical evidence.

Critique of logic involving 'a priori assumptions' (先验假设).

通过对他晚年书信的推断，我们得以重新审视这位艺术家的心路历程。

By inferring from his later letters, we are able to re-examine the artistic journey of this artist.

Biographical analysis focusing on 'mental journey' (心路历程).

Synonyme

推论演绎判断推测猜测

Gegenteile

证实查明

Häufige Kollokationen

合理推断

逻辑推断

推断结果

从...推断

根据...推断

推断出

主观推断

错误推断

科学推断

足以推断

Häufige Phrasen

由此推断

— To infer from this; consequently. Used as a transition in formal writing.

由此推断，该计划是可行的。

难以推断

— Difficult to infer. Used when evidence is scarce or contradictory.

目前的情况难以推断未来的走势。

推断意图

— To infer intention. Often used in psychology or literary analysis.

我们需要推断对方的真实意图。

推断过程

— The process of inference. Refers to the steps taken to reach a conclusion.

请详细说明你的推断过程。

统计推断

— Statistical inference. A technical term in mathematics and data science.

统计推断是数据分析的重要部分。

推断能力

— Inference ability. Refers to a person's logical thinking skills.

阅读理解测试考查学生的推断能力。

初步推断

— Preliminary inference. An initial conclusion before all data is in.

这只是我们的初步推断。

逻辑推断题

— Logical inference questions. Common in standardized tests.

这次考试有很多逻辑推断题。

推断演变

— To infer evolution/change. Used in history or linguistics.

我们可以推断语言的演变过程。

推断未来

— To infer the future. Used in forecasting or planning.

我们试图推断未来的技术趋势。

Wird oft verwechselt mit

推断 vs 判断

判断 is more about making a choice or a verdict (Yes/No), while 推断 is about the logical derivation of new info.

推断 vs 猜测

猜测 is a guess which can be random; 推断 must be based on evidence.

推断 vs 推理

推理 is the process of reasoning; 推断 is the act of reaching a conclusion or the conclusion itself.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"顺理成章"

— To follow as a matter of course; logical and natural. While not using '推断', it describes the perfect logical inference.

既然你努力了，成功也就顺理成章了。

Literary/Formal

"举一反三"

— To infer other things from one fact. A core skill related to 推断.

他很聪明，能够举一反三。

Neutral

"闻一知十"

— To hear one thing and know ten. Describes a person with exceptional inference skills.

天才往往能闻一知十。

Literary

"可见一斑"

— To get a glimpse of the whole from one part. Used when a small detail allows for a larger inference.

从他的谈吐中，其修养可见一斑。

Formal

"洞若观火"

— To see things as clearly as looking at a fire. Describes clear and accurate inference.

他对局势的推断洞若观火。

Literary

"料事如神"

— To predict things with divine accuracy. Often involves supernatural inference.

诸葛亮真是料事如神。

Neutral/Positive

"以此类推"

— And so on; to infer the rest based on the current pattern.

第一排坐五人，第二排坐六人，以此类推。

Neutral

"顺藤摸瓜"

— To follow the vine to find the melon. To follow clues to reach a conclusion.

警察顺藤摸瓜，抓住了主犯。

Neutral/Idiomatic

"蛛丝马迹"

— Spider webs and horse tracks. Tiny clues used for 推断.

他通过一点点蛛丝马迹推断出了真相。

Neutral

"因果报应"

— Cause and effect retribution. While spiritual, it involves the logic of inferring consequences from actions.

人们常说善有善报，这是对因果的推断。

Neutral/Religious

Leicht verwechselbar

推断 vs 推测

Both mean to conclude based on logic.

推测 involves more speculation (guessing) and is used when evidence is weaker. 推断 is more logical and certain.

我们可以推测外星人的样子，但我们推断出这个公式的结果。

推断 vs 估计

Both involve thinking about a result.

估计 is for numbers, time, or probability. 推断 is for logical facts and meanings.

估计有十个人 (Estimate 10 people) vs. 推断他的意图 (Infer his intention).

推断 vs 断定

Both involve the character '断'.

断定 is a firm, final conclusion with high certainty. 推断 is the process of getting there.

我可以断定他是凶手。 (I am certain he is the killer.)

推断 vs 逻辑

Related to reasoning.

逻辑 is the noun 'logic' itself. 推断 is the verb/noun for the act of using logic.

你的逻辑有问题。 (Your logic has a problem.)

推断 vs 结论

Both can mean 'conclusion'.

结论 is the final result. 推断 is the act of drawing that result from evidence.

这个推断导出了一个有趣的结论。

Satzmuster

根据 [证据], 我们可以推断出 [结论]。

根据目前的表现，我们可以推断出他很努力。

从 [细节] 中推断出 [结论]。

从他的眼神中推断出他在撒谎。

[事实], 由此推断, [结论]。

公司利润下降，由此推断，市场竞争激烈。

难以从 [信息] 中推断出 [结论]。

难以从这封信中推断出作者的真实想法。

[推断] 是否成立，取决于 [前提]。

这个推断是否成立，取决于数据的真实性。

通过对 [资料] 的缜密推断, [发现]。

通过对史料的缜密推断，他发现了真相。

这种基于 [假设] 的推断显得 [形容词]。

这种基于主观假设的推断显得十分武断。

[推断] 触及了 [抽象概念] 的核心。

这一推断触及了法律公正的核心。

Wortfamilie

Substantive

推论 (tuīlùn) - Corollary/Deduction

推理 (tuīlǐ) - Reasoning

判断 (pànduàn) - Judgment

Verben

推测 (tuīcè) - To speculate

推出 (tuīchū) - To derive/release

断定 (duàndìng) - To conclude firmly

Adjektive

推断性的 (tuīduànxìng de) - Inferential

逻辑的 (luójí de) - Logical

Verwandt

证据 (zhèngjù) - Evidence

逻辑 (luójí) - Logic

根据 (gēnjù) - According to

结论 (jiélùn) - Conclusion

线索 (xiànsuǒ) - Clue

Registriere dich kostenlos, um alle Beispiele zu sehen

So verwendest du es

frequency

High in written Chinese, medium-high in professional spoken Chinese.

Häufige Fehler

Using '推断' for a random guess. → 使用 '猜测' (cāicè).
推断 requires logic and evidence. If you're just guessing without a reason, use 猜测.
Saying '我推断他的表情'. → 我从他的表情推断出...
You need a preposition like '从' (from) or '根据' (according to) to link the evidence.
Confusing '推断' with '判断'. → Use '判断' for right/wrong choices; use '推断' for deriving new conclusions.
判断 is more about judging existing info; 推断 is about finding out something new via logic.
Forgetting the '出' in result sentences. → 我们推断出了真相。
Without '出', the sentence feels like the process is still ongoing or incomplete.
Using '瞎' (blindly) with '推断'. → 不要瞎猜。
Since '推断' is logical, it cannot be 'blind.' Use '瞎猜' for blind guessing.

Tipps

Pair with '根据'

Always try to start your sentence with '根据...' (Based on...) when using '推断'. It makes your Chinese sound much more structured and logical.

Use '出' for Results

When you successfully figure something out, use '推断出'. It adds a sense of achievement and completion to your sentence.

Save for Formal Situations

Use '推断' in essays, presentations, or when discussing serious topics. Using it for small things like 'I infer you like apples' can sound funny.

Read Detective Stories

Reading Sherlock Holmes or Conan in Chinese is a great way to see '推断' used in its natural environment.

Transition with '由此'

Use '由此推断' (From this, it is inferred) to connect two sentences. It’s a high-level transition that examiners love.

Tone Accuracy

Focus on the 4th tone of '断'. A weak tone makes the 'judgment' sound unsure. Be sharp!

Context Clues

In HSK listening, '推断' often signals that the answer is not directly stated in the text but must be figured out.

Social Inference

In China, '推断' is not just for books; it's for people. Try to '推断' what someone wants before they say it to show respect.

Evidence First

A good '推断' always has evidence. If you don't have evidence, use '猜测' (guess) instead.

Author's Intent

When a question asks you to '推断作者的意图', look for emotional words or adjectives in the text.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Imagine you are 'PUSHING' (推) a heavy door of clues, and once it opens, you 'DECIDE' (断) what is inside. Push + Decide = Infer.

Visuelle Assoziation

Visualize a detective pushing a magnifying glass over a footprint to make a final judgment on the suspect.

Word Web

Logic Evidence Conclusion Detective Science Clue Deduction Judgment

Herausforderung

Try to use '推断' in three different sentences today: one about the weather, one about a friend's mood, and one about a news story.

Wortherkunft

The word is a compound of two ancient Chinese characters. '推' (tuī) depicts a hand (扌) pushing an object. '断' (duàn) originally depicted an axe (斤) cutting through something, like silk or wood, to settle a matter.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: To 'push' a line of thought until it 'cuts' through uncertainty to reach a decision.

Sino-Tibetan, Sinitic.

Kultureller Kontext

Be careful not to '推断' someone's personal feelings too aggressively in a professional setting, as it might seem intrusive.

In English, we often use 'guess' even when we mean 'infer.' In Chinese, using '推断' is a way to distinguish your logical thinking from a mere guess.

Sherlock Holmes (福尔摩斯) is the ultimate symbol of '推断' in Chinese pop culture. The HSK exams frequently use '推断' in the reading section instructions. Chinese legal dramas often feature judges using '推断' to explain their verdicts.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Science and Research

推断结论
数据推断
科学推断
推断模型

Legal and Crime

证据推断
推断动机
法庭推断
推断罪名

Daily Observation

从表情推断
从语气推断
推断意图
合理推断

Business and Economics

市场推断
趋势推断
由此推断
推断前景

Exams and HSK

推断词义
推断态度
逻辑推断题
推断下文

Gesprächseinstiege

"根据你的观察，你推断未来的房价会涨还是会跌？"

"你觉得在没有证据的情况下进行推断是不负责任的吗？"

"从这部电影的结尾，你可以推断出导演想表达什么吗？"

"在工作中，你是更倾向于依靠直觉还是逻辑推断？"

"你有没有过因为错误的推断而闹笑话的经历？"

Tagebuch-Impulse

写一次你通过细节推断出真相的经历。你是如何观察的？你的推断过程是怎样的？

分析你最喜欢的侦探角色。他是如何运用推断来解决案件的？举一个具体的例子。

讨论在人工智能时代，人类的推断能力是否依然重要。AI的推断和人类的推断有什么不同？

观察今天路上的行人，选择一个人，根据他的打扮和行为推断他的职业和心情。

反思一次你对他人的误解。这是否是因为你做出了错误或主观的推断？以后你会如何改进？

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

Yes, but it makes you sound very formal or analytical. In casual talk, '觉得' or '猜' is more common. Use '推断' when you want to show you have a good reason for what you're saying.

'推理' is the noun for 'reasoning' (the system/process). '推断' is the verb for 'to infer' (the specific act). You use logic (推理) to reach an inference (推断).

No, it can also be a noun meaning 'inference' or 'deduction.' For example: '这个推断是正确的' (This inference is correct).

It is very common to use '推断出' to show that you have successfully reached a result. Without '出', it focuses more on the process of inferring.

Usually, '估计' is better for numbers. However, if you are using complex data to reach a numerical conclusion, '推断' is acceptable in a scientific context.

It is neutral. It describes a logical process. However, '主观推断' (subjective inference) often has a negative connotation of being biased.

It is '演绎推理' (yǎnyì tuīlǐ). '推断' is the act of making the deduction.

While people might understand you, '瞎猜' is the correct idiomatic way to say 'blindly guessing.' '推断' implies logic, so 'blindly' contradicts it.

It appears mostly in HSK 5 and 6, especially in reading comprehension questions that ask you to infer the author's meaning.

Remember 'Push' (推) + 'Judge' (断). You push your thoughts to a final judgment.

Registriere dich kostenlos für Tipps & Notizen