exklusive en 30 segundos
- Means 'excluding' or 'not including'.
- Formal register; used in business and law.
- Usually takes the Genitive case (des/der).
- Direct opposite of 'inklusive'.
The German preposition exklusive is a sophisticated and precise way to express exclusion. In a linguistic context, it functions as a marker that indicates a specific item, person, or group is not included in a total count or a general statement. Derived from the Latin 'exclusivus', it carries a formal tone that is frequently encountered in business, legal, and academic German. Unlike the more common 'ohne' (without), 'exklusive' specifically points to a subtraction from a previously mentioned or implied whole. It is the direct antonym of 'inklusive' (including).
- Grammatical Function
- It acts as a preposition, typically governing the genitive case, though it can appear with the dative in specific plural contexts where the genitive is not clearly marked.
- Semantic Range
- It covers everything from financial subtractions (excluding VAT) to social boundaries (excluding children under 12).
When you use 'exklusive', you are setting a boundary. It is a word of precision. In a world of 'inclusive' marketing, 'exklusive' serves as the necessary counterpart to define what lies outside the scope of an offer or a rule. For a B1 learner, mastering this word elevates your German from basic conversational levels to a more professional and exact register. It shows that you can handle formal documentation and precise instructions.
Der Preis beträgt 50 Euro exklusive der Versandkosten.
Understanding 'exklusive' also requires understanding its placement. While it often precedes the noun (prepositional use), it can sometimes follow it in specific technical lists, though the former is standard. The word implies a calculation has been made: Total - X = Result. This mathematical clarity is why it is so beloved in German administrative language. It leaves no room for ambiguity, which is a hallmark of high-level German communication.
Wir bieten das Zimmer exklusive Verpflegung an.
- Register
- Formal, Administrative, Commercial.
- Frequency
- High in written business German, medium in spoken daily German.
Furthermore, 'exklusive' should not be confused with the adjective 'exklusiv' (exclusive/high-end). While they share an etymological root, their syntactic roles differ. As a preposition, 'exklusive' is a tool for subtraction; as an adjective, 'exklusiv' is a tool for description. This distinction is vital for learners who wish to avoid sounding like they are describing a 'high-end shipping cost' when they actually mean 'excluding shipping costs'.
Alle Teilnehmer, exklusive der Ehrengäste, müssen sich registrieren.
In summary, 'exklusive' is the gatekeeper of German lists. It tells the reader exactly where the line is drawn. Whether you are looking at a hotel bill, a contract, or a scientific report, 'exklusive' provides the necessary clarity to ensure everyone understands what is not part of the deal. Its consistent use marks a transition from general fluency to professional competence in the German language.
Using exklusive correctly involves understanding German case logic. Primarily, it is a genitive preposition. This means that the noun following it must change its article and ending to reflect the genitive case. For masculine and neuter nouns, this usually means adding an '-s' or '-es' to the noun itself. For feminine and plural nouns, the article changes to 'der'.
- Genitive Construction
- exklusive + des/der/eines/einer + Noun(genitive ending).
- Example Neuter
- exklusive des Getränks (excluding the drink).
However, language is fluid. In many modern business contexts, especially when no article is present, the noun might appear in its base form, or if plural, in the dative case to clarify the plural status. But for exams and formal writing, stick to the genitive. It signals a high level of grammatical awareness. If you are listing items, 'exklusive' usually comes before the item you are excluding.
Die Reise kostet 1000 Euro, exklusive der Kurtaxe.
One common area of use is in pricing. When you see 'exklusive MwSt.' (Mehrwertsteuer), it means the price shown does not include Value Added Tax. This is crucial for business-to-business (B2B) transactions in Germany. If you are a freelancer or a business owner, you will use this word daily in your invoices and quotes. It provides a legal safeguard by defining the limits of your service.
Another nuance is the 'temporal' vs 'spatial' exclusion. While 'exklusive' is mostly used for items in a list, it can also exclude specific dates or people. For instance, 'Die Frist läuft bis zum 10. Mai, exklusive dieses Tages' (The deadline is until May 10th, excluding this day). This level of precision prevents legal disputes regarding deadlines and obligations.
Das Angebot gilt für alle, exklusive der bereits registrierten Mitglieder.
- Common Error
- Using 'exklusive' as a verb. It is not a verb; use 'ausschließen' if you need an action.
- Synonym Tip
- Use 'abzüglich' for mathematical subtractions and 'ausgenommen' for general exceptions.
In academic writing, 'exklusive' is used to define the scope of a study. 'Die Untersuchung umfasst alle Primaten, exklusive der Lemuren.' This allows the researcher to narrow down the subject matter without using clunky phrasing like 'aber die Lemuren gehören nicht dazu'. It streamlines the sentence and maintains an objective, professional tone. Mastering this word allows you to construct complex, information-dense sentences that are still easy for a professional to parse.
You will encounter exklusive in several specific environments. The most common is the world of commerce. If you are shopping online in Germany, booking a hotel, or reviewing a contract, 'exklusive' is everywhere. It appears on invoices, price tags, and terms and conditions. It is the language of the 'fine print'. When a salesperson explains a package deal, they might use 'exklusive' to clarify what isn't included in the base price.
- Travel & Tourism
- Hotel descriptions often list 'Preis exklusive Frühstück' or 'exklusive Kurtaxe'.
- E-commerce
- 'Gesamtpreis exklusive Versand' is a standard phrase on checkout pages.
In a professional office setting, 'exklusive' is used during meetings to define project scopes. A project manager might say, 'Wir bearbeiten das Design, exklusive der Programmierung.' This clearly sets the boundaries of responsibility. It is also heard in legal contexts, such as courtrooms or when lawyers discuss contract clauses. Here, the word carries significant weight because excluding a single item can change the entire meaning of a legal obligation.
Die Versicherung zahlt für den Schaden, exklusive der Selbstbeteiligung.
News reports and financial broadcasts are another common source. When a news anchor discusses economic figures, they might say 'Das Wachstum betrug 2%, exklusive der Inflation.' This helps the audience understand the 'real' value of the data being presented. In these contexts, 'exklusive' acts as a filter, removing 'noise' or irrelevant data to provide a clearer picture of the core subject.
Finally, you might hear it in academic lectures. Professors use it to define the parameters of a theory or an experiment. It is a tool for categorization. By saying what something is *not*, they define more clearly what it *is*. While you might not use it every day in a casual conversation with friends over coffee (where 'ohne' or 'außer' is more likely), you will certainly need it the moment you step into a professional or official capacity in Germany.
Alle Mitarbeiter, exklusive der Auszubildenden, erhalten einen Bonus.
- Social Context
- Used when organizing events to specify who is invited or what is provided.
- Legal Context
- Used in contracts to limit liability or scope.
The most frequent mistake learners make with exklusive is confusing it with the adjective 'exklusiv'. While they look almost identical, their usage is entirely different. 'Exklusiv' means high-end, elite, or sole (e.g., 'ein exklusives Hotel'). 'Exklusive' as a preposition means 'excluding'. If you say 'Das ist ein exklusive Hotel', it sounds like you are trying to say 'This is an excluding hotel', which makes no sense. Always remember: the preposition usually needs a noun following it in the genitive case.
- Case Error
- Using the nominative case after 'exklusive'. Wrong: 'exklusive der Tisch'. Right: 'exklusive des Tisches'.
- Word Order
- Placing 'exklusive' at the end of a sentence without a noun, like an adverb. While possible in very specific lists, it usually needs its object.
Another common error is using 'exklusive' when 'ohne' would be more natural. 'Exklusive' is formal. If you are at a restaurant and want a burger without onions, do not say 'Einen Burger exklusive Zwiebeln'. The waiter will think you are being unnecessarily pretentious or that you are reading from a legal contract. Use 'ohne' for simple, everyday exclusions. Reserve 'exklusive' for prices, lists, and formal boundaries.
Falsch: Ich trinke Kaffee exklusive Milch. (Too formal/weird)
Learners also struggle with the plural genitive. Because the genitive plural article 'der' looks like the feminine singular 'der', it can be confusing. Furthermore, if there is no article, you might need to use the dative to show it's plural. For example, 'exklusive Steuern' (excluding taxes) is fine because 'Steuern' is clearly plural. But if you were to say 'exklusive Mitgliedern', the '-n' at the end of 'Mitgliedern' shows it is dative, which is a common 'emergency' case when genitive isn't clear.
Lastly, don't confuse 'exklusive' with 'außer'. 'Außer' often implies an exception to a rule that applies to everyone else ('Alle außer mir'). 'Exklusive' is more about a mathematical or logical subtraction from a set ('Der Preis exklusive Steuer'). While they overlap, 'exklusive' is more 'clinical' and 'außer' is more 'narrative'. Using 'exklusive' in a narrative way can make your German sound robotic.
Richtig: Der Preis ist 20 Euro exklusive Steuer. (Correct business usage)
To truly master exklusive, you must understand its neighbors in the German language. The most obvious is inklusive. They are two sides of the same coin. Where 'exklusive' subtracts, 'inklusive' adds. Both share the same grammatical requirement for the genitive case. Learning them as a pair is the most efficient way to internalize their usage.
- Inklusive
- The opposite; means 'including'. (e.g., inklusive der MwSt.)
- Ohne
- The everyday version of 'excluding'. Takes the accusative case. (e.g., ohne den Hund).
Another similar word is ausgenommen. This is often used as a participle at the end of a phrase or as a preposition. It is slightly less formal than 'exklusive' but more formal than 'außer'. For example, 'Alle waren da, ausgenommen mein Bruder.' It feels more personal than 'exklusive'. Then there is abzüglich, which is strictly mathematical. You use 'abzüglich' when you are literally subtracting a number or a specific discount from a total.
Der Rechnungsbetrag abzüglich 2% Skonto.
Außer is another close relative. It takes the dative case and is used for exceptions. 'Außer dem Chef wusste niemand Bescheid.' While 'exklusive' defines a boundary, 'außer' highlights an anomaly. Finally, consider vorbehaltlich. This is a very formal legal term meaning 'subject to' or 'excluding for now until certain conditions are met'. It's much more specific than 'exklusive'.
Understanding these distinctions allows you to choose the exact 'flavor' of exclusion you need. Do you want to sound like a businessman (exklusive), a friend (ohne), a storyteller (ausgenommen), or an accountant (abzüglich)? This level of word choice is what separates a B1 learner from a C1 speaker. By categorizing these synonyms by their 'register' (formality level) and 'context' (business vs. personal), you build a more robust and flexible vocabulary.
Alle Kosten sind gedeckt, exklusive der privaten Ausgaben.
- Comparison
- Exklusive (Formal/Genitive) vs. Ohne (Informal/Accusative).
- Antonym
- Inklusive (Including).
How Formal Is It?
Guía de pronunciación
Nivel de dificultad
Gramática que debes saber
Genitive Case
Prepositions with Genitive
Dative Plural
Article Declension
Adjective vs Preposition
Ejemplos por nivel
Der Preis ist exklusive Getränke.
The price is excluding drinks.
A1 learners use it as a fixed phrase.
Das Hotel kostet 50 Euro, exklusive Frühstück.
The hotel costs 50 Euro, excluding breakfast.
Simple exclusion in a travel context.
Exklusive Versandkosten: 5 Euro.
Excluding shipping costs: 5 Euro.
Commonly seen in online shops.
Wir sind 4 Personen, exklusive Kinder.
We are 4 people, excluding children.
Simple count exclusion.
Das Ticket ist exklusive Bus.
The ticket is excluding the bus.
Defining what a ticket covers.
Heute ist alles billig, exklusive Wein.
Today everything is cheap, excluding wine.
Basic exception.
Der Kurs kostet 100 Euro exklusive Buch.
The course costs 100 Euro excluding the book.
Educational context.
Miete: 600 Euro exklusive Heizung.
Rent: 600 Euro excluding heating.
Housing context.
Das Angebot gilt exklusive der Wochenenden.
The offer is valid excluding weekends.
Temporal exclusion.
Wir liefern überallhin, exklusive der Inseln.
We deliver everywhere, excluding the islands.
Geographical exclusion.
Der Eintritt ist frei, exklusive der Sonderausstellung.
Entry is free, excluding the special exhibition.
Specific exception.
Alle Schüler kommen mit, exklusive der Kranken.
All students are coming along, excluding the sick ones.
Excluding a subgroup.
Das Menü kostet 20 Euro, exklusive Dessert.
The menu costs 20 Euro, excluding dessert.
Restaurant context.
Ich habe alles gepackt, exklusive meiner Schuhe.
I packed everything, excluding my shoes.
Personal context.
Die Wohnung ist groß, exklusive des Balkons.
The apartment is large, excluding the balcony.
Introduction of Genitive 'des'.
Bitte zahlen Sie den Betrag exklusive der Gebühren.
Please pay the amount excluding the fees.
Formal instruction.
Die Gebühr beträgt 10 Euro exklusive der gesetzlichen Mehrwertsteuer.
The fee is 10 Euro excluding statutory VAT.
Standard business Genitive.
Alle Mitarbeiter sind eingeladen, exklusive der Zeitarbeiter.
All employees are invited, excluding the temporary workers.
Defining a group in a professional setting.
Die Garantie gilt für drei Jahre, exklusive der Verschleißteile.
The warranty is valid for three years, excluding wear parts.
Technical/Legal exclusion.
Wir berechnen die Arbeitszeit exklusive der Pausen.
We calculate the working time excluding breaks.
Business calculation.
Das Paket wiegt 5kg, exklusive der Verpackung.
The package weighs 5kg, excluding the packaging.
Precise measurement.
Der Bericht umfasst 20 Seiten, exklusive des Anhangs.
The report comprises 20 pages, excluding the appendix.
Academic/Professional structure.
Die Versicherung deckt alle Schäden, exklusive grober Fahrlässigkeit.
The insurance covers all damages, excluding gross negligence.
Legal condition.
Alle Preise verstehen sich exklusive der Anreisekosten.
All prices are excluding travel costs.
Commercial standard phrase.
Die Analyse bezieht sich auf den Zeitraum von 2010 bis 2020, exklusive des Krisenjahres 2015.
The analysis refers to the period from 2010 to 2020, excluding the crisis year 2015.
Sophisticated temporal exclusion.
Das Honorar wird exklusive etwaiger Spesen ausgezahlt.
The fee will be paid excluding any expenses.
Professional financial term.
Wir betrachten die gesamte Bevölkerung exklusive der Minderjährigen.
We consider the entire population excluding minors.
Sociological context.
Die Regelung gilt für alle EU-Bürger, exklusive derer mit doppeltem Wohnsitz.
The regulation applies to all EU citizens, excluding those with dual residency.
Complex Genitive construction with 'derer'.
Der Gewinn beläuft sich auf eine Million, exklusive der Steuerrückstellungen.
The profit amounts to one million, excluding tax reserves.
Accounting terminology.
Das Gebäude ist barrierefrei, exklusive des Dachgeschosses.
The building is accessible, excluding the attic floor.
Architectural detail.
Die Studie wurde exklusive externer Einflüsse durchgeführt.
The study was conducted excluding external influences.
Scientific precision.
Die Einladung gilt für die Abendveranstaltung, exklusive des Dinners.
The invitation is for the evening event, excluding the dinner.
Social etiquette/Formal.
Die Haftung des Verkäufers ist exklusive vorsätzlicher Pflichtverletzungen zu verstehen.
The seller's liability is to be understood as excluding intentional breaches of duty.
High-level legal jargon.
Die Gesamtkosten, exklusive der kalkulatorischen Zinsen, wurden bereits verbucht.
The total costs, excluding imputed interest, have already been recorded.
Advanced accounting.
Das Werkverzeichnis ist vollständig, exklusive der Jugendwerke des Künstlers.
The catalogue raisonné is complete, excluding the artist's early works.
Art history context.
Wir evaluieren die Performance exklusive einmaliger Sondereffekte.
We evaluate performance excluding one-time special effects.
Corporate strategy language.
Die Genehmigung wurde exklusive der umstrittenen Teilbereiche erteilt.
The permit was granted excluding the controversial sub-areas.
Administrative law.
Die Theorie lässt sich auf alle Fälle anwenden, exklusive der hier diskutierten Ausnahmen.
The theory can be applied to all cases, excluding the exceptions discussed here.
Academic argumentation.
Die Dividende wird exklusive der Quellensteuer an die Aktionäre ausgeschüttet.
The dividend is distributed to shareholders excluding withholding tax.
Finance/Tax law.
Das Territorium umfasst die gesamte Region, exklusive der Enklaven.
The territory encompasses the entire region, excluding the enclaves.
Political geography.
Die ontologische Differenz bleibt bestehen, exklusive der phänomenologischen Reduktion.
The ontological difference remains, excluding the phenomenological reduction.
Philosophical discourse.
Das Strafmaß wurde exklusive der bereits verbüßten Untersuchungshaft festgesetzt.
The sentence was determined excluding the pre-trial detention already served.
Criminal law precision.
Die philologische Untersuchung beschränkt sich auf die Primärquellen, exklusive der späteren Kommentare.
The philological investigation is limited to primary sources, excluding later commentaries.
Humanities research.
In der Quantenmechanik betrachten wir das System exklusive der Beobachterinteraktion.
In quantum mechanics, we consider the system excluding observer interaction.
Theoretical physics.
Die diplomatische Immunität gilt für das gesamte Personal, exklusive der lokal angestellten Kräfte.
Diplomatic immunity applies to all staff, excluding locally recruited personnel.
International law.
Der Text ist in seiner Gesamtheit zu lesen, exklusive der editorischen Randnotizen.
The text is to be read in its entirety, excluding the editorial marginalia.
Literary criticism.
Die statistische Signifikanz wurde exklusive der Ausreißer berechnet.
Statistical significance was calculated excluding outliers.
Advanced statistics.
Das Erbe wird exklusive der pflichtteilsberechtigten Ansprüche verteilt.
The inheritance is distributed excluding the claims of those entitled to a compulsory share.
Inheritance law.
Colocaciones comunes
Frases Comunes
Se confunde a menudo con
Fácil de confundir
Patrones de oraciones
Cómo usarlo
Usually precedes the noun, but can follow in technical lists: 'Preis: 10€ exklusive'.
In plural without an article, use dative: 'exklusive Steuern' (though genitive is often identical here).
- Confusing 'exklusive' (preposition) with 'exklusiv' (adjective).
- Using the accusative case instead of the genitive.
- Using it in very informal situations where 'ohne' is better.
- Forgetting the '-s' on masculine/neuter nouns in the genitive.
- Misspelling it as 'exklusivem' or 'exklusiven'.
Consejos
Genitive Mastery
Practice saying 'exklusive des' and 'exklusive der' to get used to the genitive flow.
Invoicing
Always use 'exkl. MwSt.' on invoices if you are a business owner in Germany.
Booking Rooms
Check if 'Frühstück' is 'exklusive' to avoid unexpected costs at checkout.
Formal Writing
Use 'exklusive' in reports to define the scope of your data clearly.
Pairing
Learn 'inklusive' and 'exklusive' together as a logical pair.
Fine Print
When reading contracts, look for 'exklusive' to find what is NOT covered.
B1 Exams
Using this word correctly in the writing part can boost your grammar score.
Tone
Avoid using it with friends; it can sound like you are reading a contract.
Math
Think of it as a subtraction operator in a sentence.
Precision
Use it when you need to be 100% clear about what is excluded.
Memorízalo
Origen de la palabra
Latin
Contexto cultural
Prices for end consumers must usually be inclusive of VAT, so 'exklusive' is rarer in B2C retail.
Always specify if a quote is exklusive or inklusive MwSt.
Practica en la vida real
Contextos reales
Inicios de conversación
"Ist der Preis inklusive oder exklusive Versand?"
"Gilt das Angebot exklusive der Feiertage?"
"Sind die Getränke exklusive?"
"Haben Sie den Preis exklusive Steuer berechnet?"
"Ist die Versicherung exklusive der Selbstbeteiligung?"
Temas para diario
Write about a time you bought something and realized the price was exklusive important costs.
Describe your dream vacation, listing what is exklusive in the package.
List your daily tasks, exklusive the ones you hate doing.
Explain a rule in your country, exklusive the exceptions.
Write a mock invoice for a service you provide, using 'exklusive'.
Preguntas frecuentes
10 preguntasYes, in formal German it is a genitive preposition. In casual plural usage without articles, dative is sometimes seen.
The most common abbreviation is 'exkl.'.
Yes, e.g., 'Alle Personen exklusive der Kinder'. However, 'ausgenommen' is often more natural for people.
The meaning is the same, but 'exklusive' is much more formal and used for lists/prices.
It is 'exklusive des' (Genitive).
The opposite is 'inklusive' (including).
Rarely, usually it functions as a preposition requiring an object.
Only in professional or formal contexts, like at a bank or travel agency.
No, the word 'exklusive' stays the same; only the following article/noun changes.
Yes, it is standard throughout the DACH region in formal contexts.
Ponte a prueba 180 preguntas
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Use 'exklusive' to professionally define what is NOT part of a deal, price, or group, ensuring you follow it with the genitive case.
- Means 'excluding' or 'not including'.
- Formal register; used in business and law.
- Usually takes the Genitive case (des/der).
- Direct opposite of 'inklusive'.
Genitive Mastery
Practice saying 'exklusive des' and 'exklusive der' to get used to the genitive flow.
Invoicing
Always use 'exkl. MwSt.' on invoices if you are a business owner in Germany.
Booking Rooms
Check if 'Frühstück' is 'exklusive' to avoid unexpected costs at checkout.
Formal Writing
Use 'exklusive' in reports to define the scope of your data clearly.
Ejemplo
Die Getränke sind exklusive.
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abkühlen
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amateurhaft
A2Que carece de profesionalidad o técnica.
anfeuern
A2Animar a alguien, especialmente en un contexto deportivo o competitivo.
angreifen
A2El equipo decidió atacar desde el principio.
anstrengen
A2Poner mucha energía o esfuerzo en una tarea para lograr algo.
anstrengend
A2El viaje fue muy agotador después de diez horas.
antreten
A2Empezar un trabajo o un viaje.
applaudieren
A2Aplaudir. La gente aplaudió al orador después de su discurso. Es un gesto de aprobación común en el teatro.
athletisch
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aufregend
A2Algo que te hace sentir muy emocionado y feliz.
