A1 Articles 1 min read Fácil

Definite Articles (o, i, to)

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Greek definite articles change based on the gender, number, and case of the noun they describe.

  • Use 'o' for masculine singular nouns: 'o φίλος' (the friend).
  • Use 'η' for feminine singular nouns: 'η γυναίκα' (the woman).
  • Use 'το' for neuter singular nouns: 'το παιδί' (the child).
Article (Gender) + Noun

Nominative Case (Singular)

Gender Article Example
Masculine
ο
ο άντρας
Feminine
η
η γυναίκα
Neuter
το
το παιδί

Plural Forms

Gender Article
Masculine
οι
Feminine
οι
Neuter
τα

Meanings

Definite articles are used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English.

1

Specific reference

Referring to a specific, known object or person.

“Ο καφές είναι ζεστός.”

“Η μέρα είναι όμορφη.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Definite Articles (o, i, to)
Form Structure Example
Masculine
ο + noun
ο σκύλος
Feminine
η + noun
η γάτα
Neuter
το + noun
το σπίτι
Plural Masc
οι + noun
οι σκύλοι
Plural Fem
οι + noun
οι γάτες
Plural Neut
τα + noun
τα σπίτια

Espectro de formalidad

Formal
Ο κύριος βρίσκεται εδώ.

Ο κύριος βρίσκεται εδώ. (Describing someone.)

Neutral
Ο άντρας είναι εδώ.

Ο άντρας είναι εδώ. (Describing someone.)

Informal
Ο τύπος είναι εδώ.

Ο τύπος είναι εδώ. (Describing someone.)

Jerga
Ο τύπος είναι δω.

Ο τύπος είναι δω. (Describing someone.)

Gender Map

Greek Articles

Masculine

  • ο the

Feminine

  • η the

Neuter

  • το the

Ejemplos por nivel

1

Ο φίλος μου.

My friend.

2

Η μητέρα μου.

My mother.

3

Το βιβλίο είναι εδώ.

The book is here.

4

Ο καφές.

The coffee.

1

Οι φίλοι μου έρχονται.

My friends are coming.

2

Τα παιδιά παίζουν.

The children are playing.

3

Η δουλειά είναι δύσκολη.

The work is hard.

4

Το αυτοκίνητο είναι μπλε.

The car is blue.

1

Βλέπω τον φίλο μου.

I see my friend.

2

Το σπίτι του Γιώργου.

George's house.

3

Μιλάω με την Μαρία.

I am talking with Maria.

4

Οι άνθρωποι είναι καλοί.

The people are good.

1

Των παιδιών τα παιχνίδια.

The children's toys.

2

Τους φίλους μου είδα.

I saw my friends.

3

Στην πόλη της Αθήνας.

In the city of Athens.

4

Τα αποτελέσματα είναι θετικά.

The results are positive.

1

Ο εν λόγω κύριος.

The gentleman in question.

2

Της υπομονής το ανάγνωσμα.

The reading of patience.

3

Το να διαβάζεις είναι καλό.

Reading is good.

4

Οι της κυβέρνησης.

Those of the government.

1

Του ανδρός τα κάλλη.

The man's beauty.

2

Εις το όνομα του νόμου.

In the name of the law.

3

Των ενδιαφερομένων οι απόψεις.

The views of those interested.

4

Το 'είναι' και το 'φαίνεσθαι'.

Being and appearing.

Fácil de confundir

Definite Articles (o, i, to) vs Indefinite Articles

Learners mix up 'the' (definite) and 'a' (indefinite).

Definite Articles (o, i, to) vs Demonstrative Pronouns

Mixing up 'the' with 'this'.

Definite Articles (o, i, to) vs Possessive Pronouns

Mixing up 'the' with 'my'.

Errores comunes

το γυναίκα

η γυναίκα

Gender mismatch.

ο παιδί

το παιδί

Gender mismatch.

η άντρας

ο άντρας

Gender mismatch.

το σκύλος

ο σκύλος

Gender mismatch.

οι παιδί

τα παιδιά

Number mismatch.

τα γυναίκες

οι γυναίκες

Gender mismatch.

ο φίλοι

οι φίλοι

Number mismatch.

ο φίλο

τον φίλο

Case mismatch (Accusative).

η Μαρία

την Μαρία

Case mismatch (Accusative).

το σπίτι του Γιώργος

το σπίτι του Γιώργου

Case mismatch (Genitive).

το να διαβάζω

το διαβάζειν

Archaic usage error.

οι της κυβέρνηση

οι της κυβέρνησης

Case mismatch.

το 'είναι' και 'φαίνεσθαι'

το 'είναι' και το 'φαίνεσθαι'

Missing article.

Patrones de oraciones

___ ___ είναι καλό.

___ ___ είναι εδώ.

Θέλω ___ ___.

___ ___ είναι μεγάλο.

Real World Usage

Cafe constant

Θέλω τον καφέ.

Texting very common

Πού είναι ο Γιώργος;

Job Interview common

Η εμπειρία μου είναι μεγάλη.

Travel common

Πού είναι το ξενοδοχείο;

Food Delivery common

Η πίτσα είναι έτοιμη.

Social Media very common

Η φωτογραφία είναι τέλεια!

💡

Learn the gender

Always learn the article with the noun.
⚠️

Don't guess

Guessing leads to errors.
🎯

Use the ending

Nouns ending in -ος are usually masculine.
💬

Names

Always use articles before names.

Smart Tips

Always learn the article with it.

σκύλος ο σκύλος

Pause to think of the gender.

το... φίλος ο φίλος

Look at the article to identify the noun.

--- ---

Check your agreement.

η άντρας ο άντρας

Pronunciación

o, ee, toh

Vowel sounds

All articles are short and clear.

Statement

Ο σκύλος είναι εδώ.

Neutral tone.

Memorízalo

Mnemotecnia

O-Man, H-Woman, To-Thing. Remember: O is for the 'O' in 'Boy', H is for 'Her', To is for 'Total' (neutral).

Asociación visual

Imagine a man wearing an 'O' shirt, a woman with an 'H' necklace, and a box labeled 'To'.

Rhyme

O for the man, H for the lady, To for the thing, don't be lazy!

Story

George (o) and Maria (η) went to the house (το). They saw the dog (o) and the cat (η) playing with the toy (το).

Word Web

οητοοιτατοντηντης

Desafío

Label 5 items in your room with their Greek article today.

Notas culturales

Articles are used before names in almost all contexts.

Pronunciation of articles can be slightly different.

Articles are sometimes dropped in informal speech.

Derived from Ancient Greek demonstrative pronouns.

Inicios de conversación

Πώς είναι ο καιρός;

Ποιος είναι ο φίλος σου;

Τι κάνουν τα παιδιά;

Πού είναι η τσάντα;

Temas para diario

Describe your family using articles.
Describe your room.
Write about your favorite food.
Write about your daily routine.

Errores comunes

Incorrect

Correcto


Incorrect

Correcto


Incorrect

Correcto


Incorrect

Correcto

Test Yourself

Fill in the correct article.

___ σκύλος.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ο
Σκύλος is masculine.
Choose the correct article. Opción múltiple

___ γυναίκα.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: η
Γυναίκα is feminine.
Fix the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

το άντρας

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ο άντρας
Άντρας is masculine.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

___ (ο) φίλος είναι εδώ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ο
Correct article.
Match the article to the noun. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: σκύλος, γυναίκα, παιδί
Correct gender matching.
Fill in the plural article.

___ σκύλοι.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: οι
Plural masculine.
Choose the correct article. Opción múltiple

___ παιδιά.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: τα
Plural neuter.
Fix the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

οι σπίτια

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: τα σπίτια
Plural neuter.

Score: /8

Ejercicios de practica

8 exercises
Fill in the correct article.

___ σκύλος.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ο
Σκύλος is masculine.
Choose the correct article. Opción múltiple

___ γυναίκα.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: η
Γυναίκα is feminine.
Fix the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

το άντρας

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ο άντρας
Άντρας is masculine.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

___ (ο) φίλος είναι εδώ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ο
Correct article.
Match the article to the noun. Match Pairs

ο, η, το

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: σκύλος, γυναίκα, παιδί
Correct gender matching.
Fill in the plural article.

___ σκύλοι.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: οι
Plural masculine.
Choose the correct article. Opción múltiple

___ παιδιά.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: τα
Plural neuter.
Fix the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

οι σπίτια

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: τα σπίτια
Plural neuter.

Score: /8

Preguntas frecuentes (8)

They show gender and case.

Mostly, yes.

Look at the ending.

Yes, in nominative.

Only in very informal speech.

It is a Greek convention.

Yes, in some dialects.

Label your house items.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish high

el/la

Greek has three genders; Spanish has two.

French high

le/la

French has two genders.

German high

der/die/das

German cases are more complex.

Japanese none

none

Japanese uses particles for focus.

Arabic partial

al-

Greek articles are separate words.

Chinese none

none

Chinese uses word order for specificity.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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