Uso de 'It' y 'There' (Tiempo, Clima y Existencia)
it para el clima y la hora, y there para la existencia. ¡Así sonarás muy natural en inglés!
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'It' for weather, time, and distance; use 'There' to say something exists or is in a specific place.
- Use 'It' for weather: 'It is raining today.'
- Use 'It' for time: 'It is five o'clock.'
- Use 'There' for existence: 'There is a book on the table.'
Overview
Raining, pero tu profesor de inglés probablemente te pondría una cara rara. En inglés, las oraciones son como esas cenas incómodas: todos necesitan un asiento.it y there. A menudo se les llama dummy subjects (sujetos de relleno) o empty subjects (sujetos vacíos). No se refieren realmente a una persona específica; solo guardan el lugar para que la oración no se caiga.it para cosas como el clima, el tiempo y la distancia. Usamos there para decirle a la gente que algo existe.It is 5 o'clock." Mucho mejor. Hasta a los robots les gusta un buen marcador de posición de vez en cuando.Word Order Rules
it y there, ellos ocupan la posición del Sujeto.- Para
it: El patrón esIt+is(owas) + [Adjetivo/Sustantivo/Tiempo]. - Para
there: El patrón esThere+is(singular) oare(plural) + [Sustantivo].
it casi siempre usa el singular is. Nunca dirás it are. Eso sería como intentar meter una pieza cuadrada en un hueco redondo: doloroso y un error total.There, sin embargo, es un poco más flexible. Cambia según de lo que estés hablando. Si hay un taco, es there is.there are. En los mensajes de texto modernos, la gente suele abreviarlos. It is se convierte en It's.There is se convierte en There's. Incluso para cosas en plural, algunas personas dicen There's al hablar de forma casual, pero mantén el There are para tus exámenes. Puede que al autocorrector de tu celular no le importe, pero a tu profesor definitivamente sí.How This Grammar Works
it como un indicador de condiciones generales. Describe la vibra del mundo en ese momento. ¿Salió el sol?It is sunny. ¿Es tarde? It is 11 PM.It is 3 miles. No estás diciendo que el cielo es soleado; estás diciendo que el estado general de las cosas es soleado.there es como un reflector. Apunta a un objeto y dice: "¡Oye!. Cuando abres tu refrigerador y no ves nada más que un frasco de pepinillos abandonado, dices:
There is a jar of pickles".It: Describe la situación (Tiempo, Clima, Distancia, Identidad).There: Anuncia la existencia (Personas, Cosas, Lugares).
It is a fly in my soup, lo que suena como si la mosca fuera la situación actual de tu vida. Muy dramático, pero gramaticalmente raro. Mejor quédate con There is a fly in my soup.Formation Pattern
dummy: Usa it para clima/tiempo/distancia. Usa there para existencia.
to be: Normalmente is o are.
info: El adjetivo (cold), la hora (noon) o el sustantivo (a party).
there, asegúrate de que are coincida con varios elementos.
not después del verbo (It is not raining).
Is it raining? Is there a park?).
Pattern Variations
- Pasado:
It wascold.There wasa mistake.There weremany people. - Negativos:
It isn't(It's not) early.There aren'tany cookies left. (Carita triste). - Preguntas:
Is itfar?Are thereany seats in the cinema? - Distancia:
It is10 kilometers to the airport. - Identificación: Cuando alguien toca a la puerta, dices: "
It's me!o¿Whois it?"
It's giving... (jerga moderna) o There's literally no way.... Todos estos usan las mismas reglas básicas. Aunque el slang cambie, el it y el there se mantienen iguales. Son los verdaderos sobrevivientes del idioma inglés.Real Conversations
Escenario 1: Mensajeando a un amigo sobre una reunión
Sam
is it 5:00 todavía? Olvidé mi reloj.Alex
It's 4:55.Sam
Is there a café cerca de la estación? Tengo hambre.Alex
there's un Starbucks justo afuera.Escenario 2: Hablando sobre el fin de semana
Jordan
Casey
It was terrible.Jordan
Was it too cold?Casey
it was hot, pero there were demasiadas medusas.Jordan
There's siempre algún problema con esa playa!Escenario 3: Haciendo el check-in en un hostal
Huésped
Is there WiFi gratis aquí?Personal
there is. La contraseña está en el escritorio.Huésped
Is it lo suficientemente rápido para Netflix?Personal
It's okay, pero there are muchas personas usándolo ahora mismo.Common Mistakes
- 1Olvidar el sujeto: Muchos estudiantes dicen
Is rainingoIs hot today. Recuerda: ¡sin sujeto no hay oración! Di siempreIt is raining. - 2Mezclar
ItyThere: No digas
. UsaIt isa cat on the bedThere is a cat on the bed. Usaitsolo si ya mencionaste al gato (por ejemplo:Veo un gato.
).It isblack - 3
There'sen plural: En escritura formal, no usesThere'spara plurales. "There'sthree books" está bien para un mensaje de WhatsApp, peroThere are three bookses lo que necesitas para la escuela. - 4Confundir
It'seIts:It'ssignifica
.It isItsindica posesión (comoel perro movió su cola
). Si puedes reemplazarlo por
, ¡usa el apóstrofe!It is - 5Usar
There ispara el clima:
es un error clásico. El sol no es un objeto que estás señalando; es el estado del día. DiThere issunnyIt is sunny.
Quick FAQ
¿Puedo usar it para una persona?
¡Solo para identificación! Como
¿Who is it? "It's the delivery guy. No dirías It is a tall man" como una descripción general.
¿Cuál es la diferencia entre There's y There is?
There's es una contracción. Es mucho más común al hablar y en escritura casual (como en los pies de foto de Instagram).
¿there es solo para cosas que puedo ver?
¡No! Es para la existencia.
There is a problem o There is a chance. No puedes ver una oportunidad, ¡pero existe!
¿Siempre necesito it para el clima?
Sí, por lo general. A menos que uses el sustantivo específico como sujeto, como
The sun is shining. Pero
It is sunny es la forma estándar.
¿Por qué el inglés es así?
Porque el inglés está obsesionado con la estructura. Piénsalo como un clóset muy organizado. ¡Todo debe estar en su lugar, especialmente el sujeto!
How to use 'It' and 'There'
| Topic | Correct Form | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Weather
|
It is + adj
|
It is sunny.
|
|
Time
|
It is + time
|
It is 10:00.
|
|
1 Thing
|
There is + noun
|
There is a car.
|
|
2+ Things
|
There are + nouns
|
There are two cars.
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Short Form | Usage |
|---|---|---|
|
It is
|
It's
|
Very common in speech
|
|
There is
|
There's
|
Very common in speech
|
|
It was
|
N/A
|
Rarely contracted
|
|
There are
|
There're
|
Informal speech only
|
|
It is not
|
It isn't / It's not
|
Both common
|
|
There is not
|
There isn't / There's not
|
Both common
|
Meanings
In English, we use 'It' and 'There' to start sentences when we talk about general things like the weather, time, or when something is present in a room.
1. Talking about Weather
Use 'It is' to describe what you see outside.
“It is raining.”
“It is very cold.”
2. Talking about Time
Use 'It is' to say the time or the day.
“It is 9 AM.”
“It is late.”
3. Saying something exists
Use 'There is' for one thing and 'There are' for two or more things.
“There is a dog in the park.”
“There are three books on the table.”
Reference Table
| Pronombre | Función | Estructura (Básica) | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|---|
|
It
|
Sujeto comodín para clima, hora, distancia, situaciones generales
|
It + is/isn't + adjetivo/nombre
|
It is cold. It is 3 PM.
|
|
There
|
Introduce la existencia de algo/alguien
|
There + is/are + nombre/frase nominal
|
There is a cat. There are books.
|
|
It
|
Preguntar sobre situaciones generales
|
Is + it + adjetivo/nombre?
|
Is it difficult?
|
|
There
|
Preguntar sobre existencia
|
Is/Are + there + nombre/frase nominal?
|
Is there coffee? Are there chairs?
|
|
It
|
Frases negativas (clima/hora)
|
It + isn't + adjetivo/nombre
|
It isn't raining. It isn't late.
|
|
There
|
Frases negativas (existencia)
|
There + isn't/aren't + nombre/frase nominal
|
There isn't a problem. There aren't any.
|
Espectro de formalidad
There appears to be a significant issue. (Workplace)
There is a problem. (Workplace)
There's a problem. (Workplace)
There's a glitch in the system. (Workplace)
It vs. There: Tus Comienzos de Oración
IT
- Clima It is sunny.
- Hora It is 9 AM.
- Distancia It is far.
- Situaciones Generales It is interesting.
THERE
- Existencia (Singular) There is a cat.
- Existencia (Plural) There are two cats.
- Nombres Incontables There is some water.
- Preguntas Is there...?
It vs. There: Referencia Rápida
Elige entre 'It' y 'There'
¿Quieres hablar sobre el clima, la hora, la distancia o una situación general?
¿Quieres decir que algo existe o está presente en un lugar?
Mapa de Uso de It & There
It is...
- • It is sunny.
- • It is 3 PM.
- • It is far away.
- • It is difficult.
There is...
- • There is a pen.
- • There is some water.
- • There is a problem.
- • There is one student.
There are...
- • There are many people.
- • There are two books.
- • There are no chairs.
- • There are questions.
Ejemplos por nivel
It is hot today.
Hace calor hoy.
There is a dog in the park.
Hay un perro en el parque.
It is 4 o'clock.
Son las 4.
There are two apples.
Hay dos manzanas.
It was very rainy yesterday.
Estuvo muy lluvioso ayer.
There weren't any people at the station.
No había nadie en la estación.
Is it far to the museum?
¿Está lejos el museo?
There is a lot of noise here.
Hay mucho ruido aquí.
It is difficult to learn English.
Es difícil aprender inglés.
There might be a storm later.
Podría haber una tormenta más tarde.
It seems that it's going to snow.
Parece que va a nevar.
There has been an accident on the road.
Ha habido un accidente en la carretera.
It was my brother who called you.
Fue mi hermano quien te llamó.
There appears to be a misunderstanding.
Parece haber un malentendido.
It is worth noting that the price has changed.
Vale la pena señalar que el precio ha cambiado.
There is no point in arguing.
No tiene sentido discutir.
It is widely believed that the economy will recover.
Se cree ampliamente que la economía se recuperará.
There remains a significant gap in the research.
Sigue habiendo una brecha significativa en la investigación.
It is of the utmost importance that we arrive on time.
Es de suma importancia que lleguemos a tiempo.
There is little to be gained from this approach.
Hay poco que ganar con este enfoque.
It is not so much that he failed, but that he didn't try.
No es tanto que fallara, sino que no lo intentó.
There exists a profound sense of unease among the populace.
Existe una profunda sensación de malestar entre la población.
Should there be any further delays, please notify us.
En caso de que haya más retrasos, por favor notifíquenos.
It behooves us to consider the long-term consequences.
Nos corresponde considerar las consecuencias a largo plazo.
Fácil de confundir
Learners use 'This' for weather or 'It' to point at things.
They sound similar and both refer to groups.
Using 'It' to describe location.
Errores comunes
Patrones de oraciones
It is ___ today.
There is a ___ in the ___.
There are ___ ___ on the ___.
Is there any ___ in the ___?
Real World Usage
Is there a hairdryer in the room?
It's freezing today, isn't it?
Are there any nuts in this dish?
There's a leak in the ceiling.
It's about ten minutes from here.
It's finally Friday!
Looking Outside
Piensa en 'Clima/Hora/General' para It
It is raining outside right now.
¡Cuidado con la concordancia en 'There'!
Escucha a gente nativa
Esencial para iniciar conversaciones
Is there a doctor available?
Smart Tips
Start with 'There is/are' to list the objects and 'It is' to describe the time of day or weather.
Look for the 's' at the end of the word. If there is an 's', use 'There are'.
Use the same words in your answer: 'Yes, there is' or 'No, there isn't'.
Always use 'It's' + [distance] + 'to' + [place].
Pronunciación
Contraction of 'It is'
In natural speech, 'It is' almost always becomes 'It's'. The 's' sounds like /s/.
Contraction of 'There is'
In natural speech, 'There is' becomes 'There's'. The 's' sounds like /z/.
Existence Questions
Is there a ↗️ dog?
Rising intonation at the end of 'Is there' questions.
Memorízalo
Mnemotecnia
IT is for the Atmosphere (Weather/Time); THERE is for what is HERE (Existence).
Asociación visual
Imagine 'It' as a giant cloud covering the whole scene (weather/time) and 'There' as a finger pointing at a specific object on a table.
Rhyme
When the sky is gray or the clock says ten, use 'It' to start your sentence then. If a cat is sitting on a chair, start your sentence with a 'There'.
Story
A traveler wakes up. He looks out the window: 'It is early' and 'It is foggy.' He looks at his bag: 'There is my passport' and 'There are my keys.'
Word Web
Desafío
Look around your room. Say 3 sentences starting with 'There is/are' about objects you see, and 3 sentences starting with 'It is' about the time and weather.
Notas culturales
Talking about the weather using 'It is...' is a very common social 'icebreaker' in English-speaking cultures. It is considered polite and neutral.
In informal texting, 'There's' is often used even for plural nouns (e.g., 'There's two cars'), though this is technically incorrect in formal writing.
In formal essays, avoid 'It's' and 'There's'. Always use the full 'It is' and 'There is'.
The use of 'It' and 'There' as dummy subjects dates back to Old English.
Inicios de conversación
What is the weather like today?
Is there a good restaurant near your house?
How many people are there in your family?
Is it far from your home to your school?
Temas para diario
Errores comunes
Mistake #1: Skipping the subject
Is raining.
It is raining.
In English, every sentence needs a subject. We use "It" as a helper.
Mistake #2: Is vs Are
There is many people.
There are many people.
Use "is" for 1 thing. Use "are" for 2 or more things.
Mistake #3: Using "Have" for existence
In the room has a chair.
There is a chair in the room.
Don't use "have" to say something is in a place. Use "There is".
Test Yourself
___ is raining outside.
Find and fix the mistake:
There is two students in the classroom.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Hay un libro en la mesa.'
Answer starts with: ["T...
Score: /4
Ejercicios de practica
8 exercises___ is a new student in our class.
There ___ many trees in the park.
Find and fix the mistake:
Is very cold today.
milk / is / fridge / there / the / in / some
1. Time, 2. Existence, 3. Weather
___ any water in the bottle.
___ is 10 miles to the next city.
___ any cookies left?
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercises___ is very cold in winter here.
Is many cars in the parking lot.
Which sentence is correct?
Translate into English: 'Es la una de la tarde.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the sentence parts:
___ are many stars in the sky tonight.
It is a lot of noise outside.
Which sentence is correct?
Translate into English: '¿Hay un gimnasio cerca de aquí?'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the situation with 'It' or 'There':
Score: /12
Preguntas frecuentes (8)
No. Weather always uses `It`. You should say `It is raining`.
Use `There are` when the noun that follows is plural (e.g., `There are two dogs`). Use `There is` for singular nouns or things you can't count.
In very informal speaking, people often say `There's many people`. However, in writing and exams, you must use `There are` for plural nouns.
It is a word like `It` or `There` that doesn't have a real meaning but is needed to make the sentence grammatically correct.
Just swap the words: `Is there...?` For example, `Is there a bathroom here?`.
Yes, but only to identify them when you can't see them or are introducing them, like on the phone: `It's me, John`.
`It is` is for general states or weather. `This is` is for pointing at a specific object near you.
Yes, because 'money' is an uncountable noun in English. Say `There is some money on the table`.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Hay / Hace / Es
English must have a subject; Spanish often does not.
Il y a / Il fait
French 'Il y a' is invariable; English 'There is/are' changes.
Es gibt / Es ist
German uses 'gives' (gibt) while English uses 'be' (is/are).
Arimasu / Imasu / Desu
Japanese focuses on animacy; English focuses on number.
Hunaka / Innahu
Arabic does not use a dummy 'It' for weather.
Yǒu / Tiānqì
Chinese uses 'Have' for existence; English uses 'Be'.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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