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B2 adverb 8 min de lectura

گذشته از این

gozashte az in
Practícalo Ejemplos Notas y consejos گذشته از این en 30 segundos
Explicación گذشته از این in your Level:
At the A1 level, you are just starting to learn how to connect ideas. Usually, you use the word 'and' (و) or 'also' (هم). The phrase 'گذشته از این' might seem a bit long, but you can think of it as a fancy way to say 'and another thing.' Imagine you are telling someone about your cat. You say 'My cat is white. And another thing, he is big.' In Persian, 'گذشته از این' helps you do this. It is like saying 'Besides this.' Even though this is a B2 word, knowing it early helps you understand when people give more than one reason for something. Just remember: it's for adding more information. If you say 'I like apples,' and then want to say 'I like oranges too,' you can put 'گذشته از این' in between them. It makes you sound very smart for a beginner!
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For A2 learners, 'گذشته از این' is a useful tool for expanding your descriptions. At this level, you are expected to move beyond single sentences. When you describe your house, your school, or your job, you can use this phrase to add a second sentence that gives more detail. For example, 'My school is near. Besides this, it is very beautiful.' (مدرسه من نزدیک است. گذشته از این، خیلی زیبا است.) Notice how it comes at the start of the second sentence. It tells the listener, 'Wait, I have one more point to make!' It is much better than just saying 'and' over and over again. It helps your Persian flow more naturally like a real conversation rather than just a list of facts.
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At the B1 level, you are beginning to express opinions and provide reasons. 'گذشته از این' becomes very important here because it allows you to build an argument. If you are discussing why you want to learn Persian, you might say, 'I love the culture. Besides this, I want to travel to Iran.' This phrase helps you organize your thoughts. You are moving from simple addition to logical sequencing. You should also start noticing that after 'گذشته از این', we often use the word 'هم' (also) later in the sentence. For example: 'گذشته از این، غذاهای ایرانی را هم دوست دارم' (Besides this, I also like Iranian food). This 'double' signal (the phrase at the start and 'ham' in the middle) is a very common Persian pattern that you should practice.
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At the B2 level, which is the target level for this word, you should use 'گذشته از این' to refine your discourse. You are now expected to produce clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects. This phrase is a 'discourse marker.' It helps you manage the flow of information. Use it in essays to transition between paragraphs or within a paragraph to provide a secondary supporting point that is slightly different from the first. For example, if your first point is about the economic benefits of a policy, your second point introduced by 'گذشته از این' could be about the social benefits. It shows that you can look at a topic from multiple angles. You should also be able to distinguish it from 'علاوه بر این' (purely additive) and 'با این حال' (contrastive).
As a C1 learner, you should use 'گذشته از این' with nuance and precision. At this level, you aren't just adding information; you are using it to control the 'weight' of your arguments. You might use it to introduce a 'supplementary' point that, while not the main focus, provides a compelling reason for your position. In formal debates or academic writing, 'گذشته از این' can be used to pivot the conversation. You should also be comfortable using its more literary cousins like 'افزون بر این' or 'سوا از این'. Your goal is to use these connectors to create a seamless and persuasive narrative where the listener is led logically from one point to the next without any abrupt jumps in thought.
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At the C2 level, 'گذشته از این' is part of a vast repertoire of connective tissue in your language. You should be able to use it in complex, multi-clause sentences that mirror the style of Persian intellectuals and classical literature. You might use it in a rhetorical sense, where the 'this' (این) refers to a very abstract concept discussed previously. Furthermore, you should understand its role in 'intertextuality'—how it can link not just sentences, but entire ideas within a broader cultural or historical context. At this level, your use of the phrase should be so natural that it contributes to the overall 'Ahang' (rhythm) and 'Lahn' (tone) of your speech, whether you are giving a formal speech or engaging in high-level academic research.
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Practícalo Ejemplos Notas y consejos

گذشته از این en 30 segundos

  • A transition phrase meaning 'besides this' or 'furthermore'.
  • Used to link sentences and add extra points to an argument.
  • Common in both formal writing and educated everyday speech.
  • Literally means 'having passed from this', indicating a shift to a new point.

The Persian phrase گذشته از این (pronounced as 'gozashte az in') is a sophisticated yet commonly used adverbial connector that translates most accurately to English as 'besides this,' 'apart from this,' or 'furthermore.' To understand its usage, one must look at its components: گذشته (the past participle of گذشتن meaning 'to pass' or 'having passed'), از (from), and این (this). Literally, it suggests the idea of 'having passed from this point' or 'leaving this point aside' to introduce a new, often additional, piece of information or argument. It serves as a transition that acknowledges what has already been said while signaling that something more is coming. This is a hallmark of B2-level Persian, where the speaker moves beyond simple additive conjunctions like 'and' (و) or 'also' (هم) toward more structured discourse markers that organize thoughts logically.

Grammatical Role
It functions as a sentence-linking adverb. It can appear at the beginning of a sentence to link it to the previous one, or in the middle of a complex sentence following a semicolon or a conjunction like 'and'.
Register and Tone
While it is perfectly acceptable in formal writing, academic essays, and news broadcasts, it is also frequently heard in educated colloquial speech. It adds a layer of refinement to one's speech, suggesting a structured and persuasive mindset.

هوا امروز خیلی سرد است؛ گذشته از این، احتمال بارش برف هم وجود دارد.

Translation: The weather is very cold today; besides this, there is also the possibility of snow.

In Persian rhetoric, this phrase is used to 'stack' arguments. Imagine you are trying to convince a friend to buy a specific car. You might mention the price, and then use گذشته از این to mention the fuel efficiency. It creates a cumulative effect, making the speaker appear more thorough. It differs from علاوه بر این (in addition to this) slightly in its nuance; while علاوه بر این is purely additive, گذشته از این implies a slight 'setting aside' of the previous point to focus on a new one, almost like saying 'even if we ignore the first point for a second, look at this other factor.'

این خانه بسیار بزرگ است؛ گذشته از این، به محل کار من هم نزدیک است.

Translation: This house is very large; apart from this, it is also close to my workplace.
Historical Context
The root 'gozashtan' is one of the most versatile in the Persian language, dating back to Old Persian. Using it in a spatial-temporal sense ('passing by') to indicate a logical transition is a development seen in Classical Persian literature, where poets used similar constructions to weave complex narratives.

او هنرمند با استعدادی است. گذشته از این، او بسیار متواضع است.

Translation: He is a talented artist. Besides this, he is very humble.

Mastering the placement of گذشته از این is key to sounding like a native speaker. In English, 'besides' can be a preposition ('besides the dog') or an adverb ('besides, I don't like it'). However, گذشته از این is specifically the adverbial form. If you want to use it as a preposition, you would say گذشته از... (apart from...). But when you add این, you are referring back to the entire preceding clause or idea.

Sentence Structure 1: The Initial Position
Most commonly, it starts a new sentence to add weight to a previous statement. Example: 'I don't have time. Besides this, I don't have money.' (وقت ندارم. گذشته از این، پول هم ندارم.)

رژیم غذایی سالم برای بدن مفید است. گذشته از این، باعث افزایش انرژی می‌شود.

Translation: A healthy diet is beneficial for the body. Apart from this, it causes an increase in energy.

When using it in more complex academic Persian, you might find it following a semicolon. This connects two independent but related thoughts more tightly than a full stop would. It’s important to note that the verb in the second clause often includes the particle هم (also/too) to reinforce the additive nature of the phrase.

Sentence Structure 2: Mid-Sentence Transition
It can be used after 'and' (و) to create a more emphatic transition: 'و گذشته از این...' (And besides this...). This is very common in spoken debates.

او زبان‌های زیادی می‌داند و گذشته از این، در کشورهای مختلفی زندگی کرده است.

Translation: She knows many languages and, besides this, she has lived in various countries.

کتاب خواندن دانش ما را زیاد می‌کند؛ گذشته از این، تخیل را هم تقویت می‌کند.

Translation: Reading books increases our knowledge; besides this, it also strengthens the imagination.

In the modern Persian-speaking world, گذشته از این is a staple of analytical discourse. If you tune into a Persian news channel like BBC Persian or Iran International, you will hear journalists and analysts using this phrase to transition between different points of a political or social issue. It is particularly useful in 'talk-show' environments where a guest wants to provide multiple reasons for a specific phenomenon.

News and Media
Journalists use it to list consequences of an event. 'The economic sanctions have increased inflation; besides this (گذشته از این), they have caused a shortage of medicine.'

قیمت بنزین افزایش یافته است؛ گذشته از این، هزینه‌های حمل و نقل نیز بالا رفته است.

Translation: The price of gasoline has increased; besides this, transportation costs have also gone up.

In professional settings, such as business meetings or academic lectures in Tehran or Kabul, this phrase acts as a 'logical bridge.' A professor explaining a scientific theory might use it to introduce a secondary supporting experiment. In a business context, it might be used to justify a budget increase by listing additional benefits that weren't the primary focus but are still significant.

Daily Conversations
In everyday life, you might hear it when people are complaining or explaining a decision. 'I didn't go to the party because I was tired; besides this, I had to study.' (خسته بودم؛ گذشته از این، باید درس می‌خواندم.)

فیلم خیلی طولانی بود؛ گذشته از این، داستانش هم خیلی غمگین بود.

Translation: The movie was very long; besides this, its story was also very sad.

او راننده خوبی نیست؛ گذشته از این، ماشینش هم خیلی قدیمی است.

Translation: He is not a good driver; besides this, his car is also very old.

One of the most frequent errors learners make is confusing گذشته از این with the literal noun گذشته (the past). Because 'gozashte' means 'past,' some students mistakenly think the phrase means 'in the past of this' or 'before this.' It is vital to remember that in this specific idiomatic construction, 'gozashte' functions as a prepositional participle meaning 'leaving aside' or 'moving beyond.'

Mistake 1: Literal Interpretation
Incorrect: 'In the past of this event...' (In this context, use 'قبل از این'). Correct: 'Besides this event...' (گذشته از این اتفاق...).

اشتباه: در گذشته از این... (In the past of this... - Wrong meaning)
درست: گذشته از این، او خیلی مهربان است. (Besides this, he is very kind.)

Another common pitfall is the omission of the preposition از. Some learners might say 'گذشته این,' which is grammatically incomplete and sounds jarring to a native ear. The preposition از is essential because it provides the 'from' aspect of 'moving from this point.'

Mistake 2: Dropping the Preposition
Always include 'az'. The phrase is a fixed unit. Without 'az', the word 'gozashte' just sounds like an adjective modifying 'in'.

غلط: گذشته این موضوع...
صحیح: گذشته از این موضوع، باید به نکته دیگری هم اشاره کرد.

Finally, learners often forget to use the particle هم or نیز (also/too) in the subsequent clause. While not strictly mandatory for grammar, it is almost always used in natural Persian to reinforce the additive logic. If you say 'گذشته از این، او باهوش است,' it sounds slightly unfinished. Adding 'هم' makes it 'گذشته از این، او باهوش هم هست,' which sounds much more natural.

Persian is rich in transitional phrases. While گذشته از این is excellent for B2 learners, knowing its synonyms and how they differ in register will elevate your fluency to C1 and beyond. The most common alternative is علاوه بر این.

علاوه بر این (Alāve bar in)
This is the most direct synonym. It means 'in addition to this.' It is slightly more formal and purely additive. Use this when you are listing items of equal importance.
افزون بر این (Afzun bar in)
This is a highly formal, literary version. You will see this in academic papers or classical-style essays. It carries a sense of 'increasing' the weight of the argument.

او نویسنده بزرگی است؛ افزون بر این، او فیلسوفی برجسته نیز می‌باشد.

Translation: He is a great writer; furthermore, he is also an eminent philosopher.

For a more colloquial setting, you might use به‌جز این (except for this/besides this) or simply تازه (freshly/moreover). تازه is very informal and used when you've just remembered an additional point during a conversation.

به‌علاوه (Be-alāve)
This is short for 'in addition.' It is very common in both speech and writing and is slightly more versatile than 'گذشته از این' because it can be used in mathematical contexts (plus) as well.

او قهرمان شنا است؛ به‌علاوه، در دوچرخه‌سواری هم مهارت دارد.

Translation: He is a swimming champion; additionally, he is skilled in cycling too.

How Formal Is It?

Dato curioso

The word 'gozashtan' is a 'Janus word' in some contexts; it can mean 'to pass by' (moving forward) but also 'to forgive' (letting something go). 'Gozashte az in' uses the 'moving forward' logic.

Guía de pronunciación

UK /ɡozæʃte æz in/
US /ɡozæʃte æz in/
The primary stress is on the last syllable of 'gozashte' (the 'te') and on the word 'in'.
Rima con
نوشته (neveshte) فرشته (fereshte) رشته (reshte) کشته (koshte) انباشته (anbashte) کاشته (kashte) داشته (dashte) برگشته (bargashte)
Errores comunes
  • Pronouncing 'gozashte' as 'go-zash-tee' (it should be 'teh').
  • Skipping the 'az' entirely.
  • Pronouncing 'in' like the English preposition 'in' (it should be 'een').
  • Merging 'az' and 'in' into one word 'azin' too quickly without the distinct glottal start of 'in'.
  • Putting stress on the first syllable 'go'.

Nivel de dificultad

Lectura 3/5

Easy to recognize in text once you know the components.

Escritura 4/5

Requires correct punctuation and following 'ham' particle usage.

Expresión oral 4/5

Flowing it naturally into speech takes practice.

Escucha 3/5

Easy to hear as it usually follows a pause.

Qué aprender después

Requisitos previos

گذشتن از این علاوه هم

Aprende después

با این حال در نتیجه بنابراین به عبارت دیگر از سوی دیگر

Avanzado

صرف‌نظر از علیرغم من حیث المجموع بدیهی است که

Gramática que debes saber

Use of 'Ham' with Additive Phrases

گذشته از این، او مهربان **هم** هست.

Punctuation with Conjunctive Adverbs

...؛ گذشته از این، ...

Past Participle as Preposition

گذشته از [اسم] (Apart from [Noun])

Demonstrative Pronoun Referencing

'این' refers to the previous sentence.

Formal vs Informal Placement

In speech, it often starts a sentence after a long pause.

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Ejemplos por nivel

1

این سیب قرمز است؛ گذشته از این، خیلی شیرین است.

This apple is red; besides this, it is very sweet.

Uses a semicolon to connect two simple descriptions.

2

او برادر من است. گذشته از این، دوست من هم هست.

He is my brother. Besides this, he is also my friend.

Shows the use of 'ham' (also) in the second sentence.

3

هوا خوب است. گذشته از این، آفتابی است.

The weather is good. Besides this, it is sunny.

Simple additive use for weather descriptions.

4

من گرسنه هستم؛ گذشته از این، تشنه هم هستم.

I am hungry; besides this, I am also thirsty.

Links two physical states.

5

این کتاب ارزان است. گذشته از این، جالب است.

This book is cheap. Besides this, it is interesting.

Connecting two adjectives for an object.

6

تهران بزرگ است. گذشته از این، شلوغ است.

Tehran is big. Besides this, it is crowded.

Describing a city using two characteristics.

7

او مهربان است؛ گذشته از این، زیبا هم هست.

She is kind; besides this, she is also beautiful.

Using 'ham' to reinforce the second positive trait.

8

ماشین من سریع است. گذشته از این، نو است.

My car is fast. Besides this, it is new.

Simple structure for personal possessions.

1

این رستوران غذاهای خوبی دارد؛ گذشته از این، خیلی تمیز است.

This restaurant has good food; besides this, it is very clean.

Expanding on a positive experience.

2

او در شرکت کار می‌کند. گذشته از این، درس هم می‌خواند.

He works at a company. Besides this, he also studies.

Connecting two daily activities.

3

خانه ما بزرگ است. گذشته از این، حیاط زیبایی دارد.

Our house is big. Besides this, it has a beautiful yard.

Adding detail to a description of a place.

4

من پیاده‌روی را دوست دارم. گذشته از این، برای سلامتی مفید است.

I like walking. Besides this, it is good for health.

Giving a personal reason and a general fact.

5

این فیلم خسته‌کننده بود؛ گذشته از این، خیلی طولانی هم بود.

This movie was boring; besides this, it was also very long.

Linking two negative attributes.

6

او انگلیسی بلد است. گذشته از این، آلمانی هم صحبت می‌کند.

He knows English. Besides this, he also speaks German.

Listing language skills.

7

آن‌ها به مسافرت رفتند؛ گذشته از این، خیلی خوش گذاراندند.

They went on a trip; besides this, they had a great time.

Connecting an action with its outcome/feeling.

8

او آشپز خوبی است. گذشته از این، دستور پخت‌های جدیدی می‌داند.

He is a good cook. Besides this, he knows new recipes.

Expanding on professional skill.

1

ورزش کردن باعث نشاط می‌شود؛ گذشته از این، استرس را هم کاهش می‌دهد.

Exercising causes cheerfulness; besides this, it also reduces stress.

Using formal verbs like 'kahesh dadan' (to reduce).

2

او مدیر لایقی است. گذشته از این، به نظرات کارمندانش اهمیت می‌دهد.

He is a competent manager. Besides this, he values his employees' opinions.

Describing professional character and actions.

3

یادگیری زبان جدید سخت است؛ گذشته از این، زمان زیادی هم می‌برد.

Learning a new language is hard; besides this, it also takes a lot of time.

Expressing an opinion with supporting reasons.

4

این لپ‌تاپ بسیار سبک است. گذشته از این، باتری آن عمر طولانی دارد.

This laptop is very light. Besides this, its battery has a long life.

Listing technical specifications.

5

او در نقاشی استاد است؛ گذشته از این، موسیقی هم تدریس می‌کند.

He is a master in painting; besides this, he also teaches music.

Describing multiple talents.

6

سفر با قطار امن است. گذشته از این، می‌توان از مناظر زیبا لذت برد.

Traveling by train is safe. Besides this, one can enjoy the beautiful scenery.

Providing logical reasons for a preference.

7

این محله آرام است؛ گذشته از این، دسترسی خوبی به مترو دارد.

This neighborhood is quiet; besides this, it has good access to the metro.

Describing urban advantages.

8

او در امتحان قبول شد. گذشته از این، نمره اول کلاس هم شد.

He passed the exam. Besides this, he also became the first in class.

Adding a superior achievement to a basic success.

1

استفاده از سوخت‌های فسیلی محیط زیست را آلوده می‌کند؛ گذشته از این، منابع آن‌ها محدود است.

Using fossil fuels pollutes the environment; besides this, their resources are limited.

Connecting environmental and logical arguments.

2

او نویسنده‌ای خلاق است؛ گذشته از این، دیدگاه‌های اجتماعی عمیقی دارد.

He is a creative writer; besides this, he has deep social insights.

Linking artistic skill with intellectual depth.

3

تکنولوژی زندگی را آسان کرده است. گذشته از این، فرصت‌های شغلی جدیدی ایجاد کرده است.

Technology has made life easy. Besides this, it has created new job opportunities.

Discussing broad social impacts.

4

این پروژه هزینه‌بر است؛ گذشته از این، اجرای آن به زمان زیادی نیاز دارد.

This project is costly; besides this, its execution requires a lot of time.

Using professional vocabulary like 'hazine-bar' (costly).

5

او در کارش بسیار دقیق است. گذشته از این، روابط عمومی بسیار خوبی هم دارد.

He is very precise in his work. Besides this, he also has very good public relations.

Connecting technical skill with soft skills.

6

مصرف بیش از حد قند برای سلامتی مضر است؛ گذشته از این، باعث خستگی مفرط می‌شود.

Excessive sugar consumption is harmful to health; besides this, it causes extreme fatigue.

Linking health consequences.

7

این قانون جدید باعث شفافیت می‌شود. گذشته از این، از فساد مالی جلوگیری می‌کند.

This new law causes transparency. Besides this, it prevents financial corruption.

Discussing legal and administrative benefits.

8

او در نواختن پیانو مهارت دارد؛ گذشته از این، آهنگسازی هم می‌کند.

He is skilled in playing the piano; besides this, he also composes music.

Linking performance and creative skills.

1

اتکا به تک‌محصولی بودن اقتصاد خطرناک است؛ گذشته از این، نوسانات بازار جهانی غیرقابل پیش‌بینی است.

Relying on a single-product economy is dangerous; besides this, global market fluctuations are unpredictable.

High-level economic discourse.

2

این نظریه با شواهد موجود همخوانی ندارد؛ گذشته از این، از لحاظ منطقی نیز دچار تناقض است.

This theory does not align with existing evidence; besides this, it is also logically contradictory.

Academic critique using words like 'hamkhani' and 'tanaqod'.

3

توسعه پایدار نیازمند مدیریت منابع آب است. گذشته از این، آموزش همگانی نیز نقشی حیاتی ایفا می‌کند.

Sustainable development requires water resource management. Besides this, public education also plays a vital role.

Discussing complex systemic requirements.

4

او در تحلیل مسائل سیاسی تبحر دارد؛ گذشته از این، به چندین زبان زنده دنیا مسلط است.

He has expertise in analyzing political issues; besides this, he is fluent in several living languages.

Describing high-level professional qualifications.

5

افزایش نرخ بهره بر سرمایه‌گذاری‌ها تأثیر می‌گذارد؛ گذشته از این، قدرت خرید مردم را هم کاهش می‌دهد.

Increasing interest rates affects investments; besides this, it also reduces people's purchasing power.

Linking macroeconomic cause and effect.

6

این اثر هنری بازتاب‌دهنده رنج‌های بشری است. گذشته از این، تکنیک‌های نوآورانه‌ای در آن به کار رفته است.

This artwork is a reflection of human suffering. Besides this, innovative techniques have been used in it.

Art criticism and analysis.

7

مهاجرت می‌تواند باعث تبادل فرهنگی شود؛ گذشته از این، چالش‌های هویتی جدیدی را نیز به همراه دارد.

Migration can cause cultural exchange; besides this, it also brings along new identity challenges.

Sociological discussion on migration.

8

حفاظت از تنوع زیستی برای بقای سیاره ضروری است. گذشته از این، ارزش‌های اخلاقی ما را نیز بازمی‌تاباند.

Protecting biodiversity is essential for the planet's survival. Besides this, it also reflects our ethical values.

Linking environmental science with ethics.

1

ساختارشکنی در ادبیات معاصر امری اجتناب‌ناپذیر می‌نماید؛ گذشته از این، این رویکرد به بازخوانی متون کلاسیک نیز یاری می‌رساند.

Deconstruction in contemporary literature seems inevitable; besides this, this approach also aids in the re-reading of classical texts.

Highly abstract literary theory.

2

بحران‌های ژئوپلیتیک کنونی ریشه در تاریخ دارند؛ گذشته از این، تضاد منافع قدرت‌های بزرگ نیز به آن‌ها دامن می‌زند.

Current geopolitical crises are rooted in history; besides this, the conflict of interests among great powers also fuels them.

Advanced geopolitical analysis.

3

تحول در نظام آموزشی مستلزم بازنگری در مبانی معرفت‌شناختی است. گذشته از این، زیرساخت‌های تکنولوژیک نیز باید همگام با آن رشد کنند.

Transformation in the educational system requires a review of epistemological foundations. Besides this, technological infrastructures must also grow in step with it.

Philosophical and systemic analysis.

4

حفظ میراث فرهنگی وظیفه‌ای ملی است؛ گذشته از این، این امر به تقویت هویت جمعی نیز منجر می‌شود.

Preserving cultural heritage is a national duty; besides this, this matter also leads to the strengthening of collective identity.

Discussing national and social values.

5

دیپلماسی نرم ابزاری کارآمد در روابط بین‌الملل است. گذشته از این، هزینه‌های سیاسی و نظامی را به شدت تقلیل می‌دهد.

Soft diplomacy is an efficient tool in international relations. Besides this, it drastically reduces political and military costs.

Political science and strategic discourse.

6

عدالت اجتماعی نه تنها یک آرمان اخلاقی، بلکه یک ضرورت اقتصادی است؛ گذشته از این، ثبات سیاسی پایدار را تضمین می‌کند.

Social justice is not only a moral ideal but also an economic necessity; besides this, it guarantees lasting political stability.

Philosophical, economic, and political integration.

7

پدیده جهانی‌شدن مرزهای سنتی را کمرنگ کرده است. گذشته از این، الگوهای مصرف جهانی را همسان‌سازی نموده است.

The phenomenon of globalization has blurred traditional borders. Besides this, it has homogenized global consumption patterns.

Sociological analysis of globalization.

8

اخلاق در هوش مصنوعی یکی از چالش‌های بنیادین عصر ماست؛ گذشته از این، تعریف ما از عاملیت انسانی را نیز به چالش می‌کشد.

Ethics in AI is one of the fundamental challenges of our era; besides this, it also challenges our definition of human agency.

Technological philosophy and ethics.

Sinónimos

علاوه بر این افزون بر این به‌علاوه سوای این تازه در کنار این ضمناً مضاف بر این

Antónimos

با این حال علیرغم این منحصراً فقط

Colocaciones comunes

گذشته از این موضوع
گذشته از این‌ها
گذشته از این واقعیت
گذشته از این نکته
و گذشته از این
اما گذشته از این
گذشته از این مسائل
گذشته از این ملاحظات
گذشته از این حرف‌ها
حتی گذشته از این

Frases Comunes

گذشته از این حرف‌ها

— Leaving all these words/talk aside. Often used to pivot to a practical action.

گذشته از این حرف‌ها، بالاخره چه کار می‌کنی؟

گذشته از این‌ها، چطور هستی؟

— Anyway, how are you? Used to change the subject back to the person.

کارها خوب است. گذشته از این‌ها، چطور هستی؟

گذشته از این هم نیست

— It's not just this either. Used to imply complexity.

مشکل فقط پول نیست؛ گذشته از این هم نیست.

گذشته از این واقعیت که...

— Apart from the fact that... Used to introduce a factual clause.

گذشته از این واقعیت که او جوان است، تجربه خوبی دارد.

گذشته از این جنبه...

— Apart from this aspect... Used in analysis.

گذشته از این جنبه اقتصادی، باید به فرهنگ هم توجه کرد.

گذشته از این مورد خاص

— Apart from this specific case.

گذشته از این مورد خاص، بقیه چیزها خوب است.

گذشته از این احتمال

— Apart from this possibility.

گذشته از این احتمال، خطر دیگری وجود ندارد.

گذشته از این تفاوت‌ها

— Apart from these differences.

گذشته از این تفاوت‌ها، آن‌ها خیلی شبیه هم هستند.

گذشته از این مشکلات

— Apart from these problems.

گذشته از این مشکلات، او همچنان امیدوار است.

گذشته از این مزایا

— Apart from these advantages.

گذشته از این مزایا، معایبی هم وجود دارد.

Se confunde a menudo con

گذشته از این vs در گذشته

Means 'in the past'. Do not use for 'besides'.

گذشته از این vs قبل از این

Means 'before this' (temporal). 'Gozashte az in' is logical addition.

گذشته از این vs از این رو

Means 'therefore' (consequence), not addition.

Modismos y expresiones

"گذشته از این حرف‌ها"

— Literally 'past these talks', used to move from theory/complaining to reality.

گذشته از این حرف‌ها، باید دست به کار شویم.

Colloquial
"گذشته از این‌ها (anyway)"

— Used to summarize and move on from a list of points.

او دیر آمد، کلید نداشت... گذشته از این‌ها، شب خوبی بود.

Neutral
"از این گذشته"

— A variation of the same phrase, slightly more common in quick speech.

او مریض بود؛ از این گذشته، حوصله هم نداشت.

Neutral
"گذشته از جان"

— To have passed from life (risk one's life). Note: Same root but different meaning.

او گذشته از جان برای وطنش جنگید.

Literary
"آب از سر گذشته"

— The water has passed over the head (it's too late). Note: Same root.

دیگر فایده‌ای ندارد، آب از سر گذشته است.

Idiomatic
"گذشته‌ها گذشته"

— The past is in the past (let bygones be bygones).

ناراحت نباش، گذشته‌ها گذشته.

Common
"سوا از این"

— Separate from this. Very similar to 'gozashte az in'.

سوا از این، او خیلی هم پولدار است.

Colloquial
"جدا از این"

— Separate from this. Used identically to 'gozashte az in'.

جدا از این موضوع، باید به سلامت هم فکر کرد.

Neutral
"بر فرضِ گذشته از این"

— Assuming we set this aside. Used in hypothetical logic.

بر فرضِ گذشته از این، باز هم راهی نداریم.

Academic
"صرف نظر از این"

— Regardless of this / ignoring this.

صرف نظر از این موضوع، من با تو موافقم.

Formal

Fácil de confundir

گذشته از این vs گذشته (Gozashte)

It means 'the past'.

'Gozashte' as a noun is the past. 'Gozashte az...' is a prepositional phrase meaning 'apart from'.

گذشته را فراموش کن (Forget the past) vs گذشته از این (Besides this).

گذشته از این vs علاوه بر این

Direct synonym.

'Alave bar in' is purely additive. 'Gozashte az in' implies moving past the first point to a new one.

Both are often interchangeable, but 'Gozashte' feels more like a transition.

گذشته از این vs گذشتن

The infinitive form.

'Gozashtan' is the action of passing. 'Gozashte' is the state of having passed.

باید از خیابان گذشت (Must pass the street).

گذشته از این vs بگذریم

Same root.

'Begzarim' means 'let's move on' or 'anyway' (to stop talking about a topic). 'Gozashte az in' adds to the topic.

بگذریم، ساعت چند است؟ (Anyway, what time is it?)

گذشته از این vs سوا

Similar meaning.

'Sava' is more colloquial and focuses on separation.

سوا از این‌ها (Apart from all these).

Patrones de oraciones

A1

[A] است. گذشته از این، [B] هم است.

او خوب است. گذشته از این، مهربان هم است.

A2

[A] داریم؛ گذشته از این، [B] هم داریم.

سیب داریم؛ گذشته از این، موز هم داریم.

B1

[Clause 1]. گذشته از این، [Clause 2] نیز [Verb].

او کار می‌کند. گذشته از این، درس نیز می‌خواند.

B2

[Clause 1]؛ گذشته از این، باید دانست که [Clause 2].

هزینه‌ها بالاست؛ گذشته از این، باید دانست که وقت هم کم است.

C1

گذشته از این واقعیت که [A]، [B] نیز صادق است.

گذشته از این واقعیت که او جوان است، تجربه او نیز صادق است.

C2

صرف‌نظر از [A] و گذشته از این، [B] امری حیاتی است.

صرف‌نظر از بودجه و گذشته از این، زمان امری حیاتی است.

B2

و گذشته از این‌ها، موضوع اصلی این است که...

و گذشته از این‌ها، موضوع اصلی این است که ما موفق شدیم.

B1

گذشته از این حرف‌ها، [Imperative].

گذشته از این حرف‌ها، بیا برویم.

Familia de palabras

Sustantivos

گذشته (The past)
گذشت (Forgiveness/Passing)
گذار (Passage/Transition)

Verbos

گذشتن (To pass/to forgive)
درگذشتن (To pass away)
واگذاردن (To cede/delegate)

Adjetivos

گذرا (Passing/transient)
گذشته (Past/previous)

Relacionado

عبور (Passage)
تجاوز (Transgression - passing a limit)
علاوه (Addition)
افزون (More)
باقی (Remaining)
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Cómo usarlo

frequency

Very common in both written and spoken Persian.

Errores comunes
  • Using 'گذشته این' without 'از'. → گذشته از این

    The preposition 'az' is required to link the participle to the pronoun.

  • Thinking it means 'before this'. → قبل از این

    'Gozashte' means past, but in this phrase, it means 'apart from' or 'besides'.

  • Putting it at the end of the sentence. → Putting it at the start of the clause.

    Persian adverbs of transition almost always come before the information they introduce.

  • Using 'گذشته از این' to introduce a contrast (like 'but'). → با این حال / اما

    This phrase is for adding information, not contradicting it.

  • Pronouncing it as 'Gozasht-e' (with a silent e). → Gozashte (with audible 'e').

    The final 'e' is a short vowel and must be pronounced.

Consejos

The Semicolon Rule

In formal writing, use a semicolon before 'گذشته از این' and a comma after it. This perfectly balances the two ideas you are connecting.

Natural Flow

Don't rush the phrase. Say 'Gozashte az in...' and take a tiny breath. This makes you sound more thoughtful and confident in your Persian.

Synonym Variety

If you have already used 'گذشته از این' once in a conversation, switch to 'به‌علاوه' for the next point to show off your vocabulary.

Spotting the Logic

When you hear this phrase on the news, try to identify the 'Point A' and 'Point B' it is connecting. It's a great exercise for comprehension.

Avoid Overuse

Using it more than twice in a short paragraph can make your writing feel repetitive. Use it only for your most important supporting points.

The 'Az' sound

Make sure the 'z' in 'az' is voiced. Some English speakers accidentally make it sound like 'as' (with an 's' sound). It should buzz like a bee.

Formal Debates

This is a 'power phrase' in debates. It allows you to steamroll an opponent by showing you have multiple layers of arguments.

Literal Link

Remember: Gozashte = Passed. Az = From. In = This. 'Passed from this'. If you remember the literal meaning, you'll never forget the usage.

Polite Addition

In Iran, providing extra reasons is seen as being helpful and thorough. Use this phrase to provide that extra level of detail.

Informal Twist

In very informal speech, you can shorten it to 'از این گذشته' (Az in gozashte) to sound a bit more casual.

Memorízalo

Mnemotecnia

Think of 'Gozashte' as 'Ghost' (the past) and 'Az In' as 'As In'. 'Ghost As In...'—you are moving past a ghost of a previous point to tell a new one.

Asociación visual

Imagine a person walking across a bridge. The first point is behind them on the bridge, and they are saying 'Having passed from this (point), here is the next one.'

Word Web

علاوه بر این گذشته از این افزون بر این به علاوه در کنار این سوای این جدا از این ضمناً

Desafío

Try to write a paragraph about your favorite hobby and use 'گذشته از این' at least three times to add different reasons why you like it.

Origen de la palabra

The phrase comes from the Middle Persian (Pahlavi) root 'vitar-', which evolved into the Modern Persian verb 'gozashtan' (گذشتن). The '-te' suffix creates the past participle.

Significado original: The original meaning of the root is 'to cross over' or 'to pass through.'

Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > Western Iranian > Persian.

Contexto cultural

No specific sensitivities; it is a neutral, highly useful grammatical tool.

It is exactly like the transitions 'Moreover' or 'Furthermore' used in English essays, but used more frequently in spoken Persian than 'Moreover' is in spoken English.

Used frequently in the prose of Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh, the father of modern Persian short stories. Common in the legal language of the Iranian Civil Code. A frequent transition in modern Iranian cinematic dialogue (e.g., in Asghar Farhadi films).

Practica en la vida real

Contextos reales

Making a purchase

  • قیمتش مناسب است.
  • گذشته از این، کیفیتش عالی است.
  • ضمانت هم دارد.
  • گذشته از این، رنگش را دوست دارم.

Academic Writing

  • شواهد نشان می‌دهد که...
  • گذشته از این موضوع، باید گفت...
  • داده‌ها تایید می‌کنند...
  • گذشته از این، فرضیه دوم...

Complaining

  • خیلی دیر آمد.
  • گذشته از این، عذرخواهی هم نکرد.
  • واقعاً بی‌ادب است.
  • گذشته از این‌ها، دیگر با او کار نمی‌کنم.

Giving Directions/Advice

  • این راه نزدیک‌تر است.
  • گذشته از این، ترافیک کمتری دارد.
  • امن‌تر هم هست.
  • گذشته از این، زیباتر است.

Job Interview

  • من تجربه زیادی دارم.
  • گذشته از این، به کار تیمی علاقه‌مندم.
  • زبان‌های مختلفی می‌دانم.
  • گذشته از این، پشتکار زیادی دارم.

Inicios de conversación

"فیلم دیشب چطور بود؟ گذشته از این، بازیگرانش را می‌شناختی؟"

"چرا این شهر را برای زندگی انتخاب کردی؟ گذشته از این، جای دیگری هم مد نظرت بود؟"

"به نظر تو یادگیری فارسی سخت است؟ گذشته از این، چه زبان‌های دیگری بلدی؟"

"نظرت درباره این رستوران چیست؟ گذشته از این، قیمت‌هایش چطور است؟"

"چرا ورزش می‌کنی؟ گذشته از این، رژیم غذایی خاصی هم داری؟"

Temas para diario

سه دلیل برای یادگیری زبان فارسی بنویس و از 'گذشته از این' برای وصل کردن آن‌ها استفاده کن.

درباره شهر مورد علاقه‌ات بنویس. گذشته از زیبایی، چه ویژگی‌های دیگری دارد؟

یک روز سخت را توصیف کن. گذشته از اتفاقات بد، آیا نکته مثبتی هم داشت؟

درباره کتابی که اخیراً خوانده‌ای بنویس. گذشته از داستان، چه چیزی از آن یاد گرفتی؟

چرا داشتن یک دوست خوب مهم است؟ گذشته از وفاداری، چه ویژگی‌های دیگری باید داشته باشد؟

Preguntas frecuentes

10 preguntas

No, in Persian, this phrase must precede the information it is introducing. It acts as a bridge to the next point, not an afterthought at the end.

They are very similar. 'علاوه بر این' is more formal and purely additive. 'گذشته از این' is slightly more versatile and can imply setting the first point aside to look at another.

Yes, but it might sound a bit formal. In very casual texts, people might just use 'تازه' or 'هم'.

You don't *need* it for grammar, but it sounds much more natural and native to include it. It reinforces the 'addition' logic.

No. For 'since then', you should use 'از آن زمان به بعد' or 'از آن موقع'.

The components are, but as a fixed adverbial phrase, it is more common in prose and speech.

Yes! 'گذشته از آن' means 'besides that'. You use 'in' for 'this' and 'an' for 'that'.

It is a short 'eh' sound, like in the English word 'pet'. It is not a long 'ee' sound.

Yes, it is widely understood and used in Dari as well, though they might have other local preferences for transitions.

Yes, in some contexts it can mean 'apart from this' which is close to 'except for this'.

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Ponte a prueba 180 preguntas

writing

Write a sentence about why you like your favorite food using 'گذشته از این'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Explain two problems with traffic in your city using 'گذشته از این'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Describe a person you admire with two positive traits linked by 'گذشته از این'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Write a formal sentence about the benefits of technology.

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¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Use 'گذشته از این واقعیت که' to start a sentence.

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¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Write a short complaint about a cold room.

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¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Give two reasons for learning Persian.

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¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Describe a movie you didn't like.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Write about the advantages of living in a village.

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¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Explain why a specific hobby is expensive.

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¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Use 'گذشته از این حرف‌ها' in a dialogue.

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¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Describe a successful project.

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¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Discuss the importance of environment.

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¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Write a sentence about a multi-talented artist.

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¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Explain a difficult decision.

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¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Write about a beautiful landscape.

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¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Describe the benefits of reading.

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¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Write a sentence using 'گذشته از این‌ها' as a summary.

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¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Explain why a product is worth buying.

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¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Write a sentence about social media.

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¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Say: 'Besides this, I am also happy.' in Persian.

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Say: 'The car is old; besides this, it is slow.'

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Say: 'I like Tehran. Besides this, I like Isfahan too.'

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Say: 'He is a doctor; besides this, he writes books.'

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Say: 'It is raining. Besides this, it is windy.'

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Say: 'The food was cold. Besides this, it was salty.'

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Say: 'I don't have a key. Besides this, I don't have my phone.'

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Say: 'The movie was long. Besides this, it was boring.'

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Say: 'She is kind. Besides this, she is very patient.'

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Say: 'The hotel is expensive. Besides this, it is far.'

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Say: 'I am learning Persian. Besides this, I study history.'

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Say: 'The city is beautiful. Besides this, it is clean.'

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Say: 'He is a good athlete. Besides this, he is a good student.'

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Say: 'The project is hard. Besides this, we need more people.'

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Say: 'I am busy today. Besides this, I am traveling tomorrow.'

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Say: 'The house is big. Besides this, it has a pool.'

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Say: 'She is a singer. Besides this, she plays the piano.'

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Say: 'The weather is hot. Besides this, it is humid.'

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Say: 'He is late. Besides this, he is not answering his phone.'

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Say: 'I am tired. Besides this, I have a lot of work.'

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

Listen and identify the transition: 'او خسته بود؛ گذشته از این، گرسنه هم بود.'

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

What is being added in this sentence: 'هوا سرد است؛ گذشته از این، برفی هم هست.'?

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

Identify Point B: 'کتاب جالب است؛ گذشته از این، خیلی ارزان است.'

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

How many reasons are given: 'او باهوش است. گذشته از این، پرتلاش هم هست.'?

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

Listen for the particle 'ham': 'گذشته از این، او مهربان هم هست.' Where is it?

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

Is the speaker happy or sad: 'گذشته از این، او عذرخواهی هم نکرد.'?

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

What is the subject: 'گذشته از این موضوع، باید به بودجه هم توجه کرد.'?

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

Identify the tone: 'گذشته از این حرف‌ها، بیا برویم بیرون.'

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

What is the second language mentioned: 'او فارسی می‌داند؛ گذشته از این، انگلیسی هم بلد است.'?

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

Is the room good: 'اتاق کوچک است؛ گذشته از این، تاریک هم هست.'?

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

What is added: 'او نویسنده است؛ گذشته از این، شاعر هم هست.'?

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

Identify the problem: 'ماشین خراب است؛ گذشته از این، بنزین هم ندارد.'

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

What is the quality: 'او دقیق است؛ گذشته از این، سریع هم هست.'?

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

Listen for the pause: 'گذشته از این، ...' What follows?

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

Is the hotel good: 'هتل تمیز است؛ گذشته از این، خیلی ارزان است.'?

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Summarize why you like a city using 'گذشته از این ها'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Write a sentence about a bad restaurant experience.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Give two reasons for a price increase.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

Regístrate gratis para practicar

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