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B2 noun 10 min de lectura

حکمت

hekmat
Ejemplos حکمت en 30 segundos
Explicación حکمت in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to use 'Hekmat' yourself, but you might hear it in very simple contexts like 'He is a wise man' (Ou mard-e dānāyi ast). At this stage, it's better to focus on simpler words for 'smart' like 'zerang' or 'bā-hoosh'. However, knowing that 'Hekmat' means 'wisdom' can help you recognize it in stories. Think of it as a 'big word' for 'very smart and good.' You might see it in simple titles of books or stories about old, wise characters. For now, just remember that it's a positive word used for people who know a lot about life.
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At the A2 level, you can start to recognize 'Hekmat' as a noun that appears in traditional stories or proverbs. You might encounter the phrase 'Hekmati dārad' (It has a wisdom/reason) when something unexpected happens. This is a common cultural expression. You should understand that it's different from 'elm' (school knowledge). If a teacher says a story has 'hekmat,' they mean it has a lesson. You can use it in very basic sentences like 'In dāstān hekmat dārad' (This story has wisdom). It's a step up from just saying a story is 'good' or 'interesting.'
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At the B1 level, you should be able to distinguish between 'Hekmat' and 'Danesh'. You'll start seeing this word in intermediate reading passages about Persian culture, history, or literature. You should be able to use it to describe a person's character or a piece of advice. For example, 'Sokhanān-e u por az hekmat ast' (His words are full of wisdom). You're also likely to hear it in more formal settings, like a news report about a 'wise policy' or a documentary about ancient philosophers. You should begin to feel comfortable using it to discuss the 'moral' of a story or the 'reasoning' behind a traditional practice.
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At the B2 level (the target level for this word), you should use 'Hekmat' with nuance. You understand that it refers to both 'philosophy' and 'practical wisdom.' You can use it to talk about 'Hekmat-e Elāhi' (Divine Wisdom) or 'Hekmat-e amali' (Practical wisdom). You should be able to explain the difference between a 'Hakim' (sage/philosopher) and a 'Dāneshmand' (scientist). You will use this word in essays about ethics, culture, or literature. You also understand its role in the Persian worldview—that everything that happens has a 'hekmat' or a hidden purpose. You can participate in discussions about whether a certain decision was based on 'hekmat' or just 'manteg' (logic).
At the C1 level, you use 'Hekmat' as a technical term in the study of Persian and Islamic philosophy. You are familiar with 'Hekmat-e Eshrāq' (Illuminationist Philosophy) and 'Hekmat-e Moteāliyeh' (Transcendent Philosophy). You can discuss the works of 'Hakims' like Avicenna or Mulla Sadra in detail. Your vocabulary includes related terms like 'Hikmat-al-ishraq' and you can analyze how the concept of wisdom has evolved in Persian poetry from the 10th to the 20th century. You use the word to describe complex metaphysical concepts and can identify the 'hekmat' in subtle literary metaphors. You also use the word in high-level socio-political critiques.
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At the C2 level, 'Hekmat' is a tool for deep philosophical discourse. You can write academic papers or give lectures on the 'Hekmat' of various schools of thought. You understand the linguistic nuances between the Arabic-derived 'Hekmat' and the Pahlavi-derived 'Kherad' and can use them interchangeably or contrastingly to achieve specific rhetorical effects. You are comfortable with the most archaic and the most modern uses of the word. You can interpret the 'hekmat' in the most cryptic verses of Hafez or Attar. For you, the word is not just a noun, but a gateway to the entire history of Eastern thought and the Persian intellectual tradition.
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Ejemplos

حکمت en 30 segundos

  • Hekmat is the Persian word for wisdom, representing a blend of knowledge, ethics, and deep insight.
  • It is often used to describe the 'hidden reason' or divine logic behind life's events.
  • In academic contexts, it refers to traditional Islamic and Eastern philosophical schools.
  • It is a formal word (B2 level) and is central to Persian literature and spiritual discourse.

The word حکمت (Hekmat) is a cornerstone of Persian intellectual, spiritual, and daily life. At its core, it translates to 'wisdom,' but its roots and applications extend far beyond a simple dictionary definition. In the Persian-speaking world, Hekmat represents a synthesis of deep knowledge, ethical discernment, and the ability to apply that knowledge to the complexities of human existence. It is not merely 'intelligence' (hoosh) or 'knowledge' (elm); rather, it is the higher-order understanding of the 'why' behind the 'what.' When an Iranian speaks of Hekmat, they are often referring to a divine or cosmic logic that governs the universe, or a profound practical insight that guides a person through moral dilemmas. It is the quality that transforms a scholar into a sage.

Etymological Root
Derived from the Arabic root H-K-M (ح-ک-م), which relates to judging, governing, or preventing. In its original sense, it implies a 'bridle' that restrains a horse, metaphorically suggesting that wisdom restrains a person from ignorance and error.

بزرگترین حکمت، خودشناسی است.
(The greatest wisdom is self-knowledge.)

Historically, Hekmat was the term used for philosophy itself. Before the modern distinction between science and philosophy, a Hakim (a possessor of Hekmat) was someone who mastered medicine, astronomy, and metaphysics. Famous figures like Avicenna (Ibn Sina) were called 'Hakim' because they possessed this holistic wisdom. In contemporary usage, you will hear this word in moments of reflection. If someone experiences a sudden misfortune, a common consoling phrase is 'In ham hekmati darsat' (There is a wisdom/reason behind this too), suggesting that even if we don't understand the pain now, there is a greater logic at play. This usage bridges the gap between philosophy and faith.

Philosophical Context
In Islamic-Persian philosophy, 'Hekmat-e Motealiyeh' (Transcendent Philosophy) refers to the school of Mulla Sadra, which seeks to reconcile rational philosophy, intuition, and revelation.

او با حکمت و تدبیر کشور را اداره کرد.
(He managed the country with wisdom and prudence.)

Furthermore, Hekmat is often associated with the 'Hakim' of traditional medicine (Teb-e Sonnati). In this context, wisdom involves understanding the balance of humors in the body. Thus, the word carries a connotation of 'healing'—not just of the body, but of the soul. In literature, poets like Saadi and Rumi are considered masters of Hekmat because their verses provide timeless guidance on the human condition. To possess Hekmat is to see the world through the lens of eternity rather than the fleeting moment.

Common Usage
It is used to describe a person's character, the hidden reason behind an event, or the study of classical philosophy.

در سکوت، حکمتی نهفته است که در گفتار نیست.
(In silence, there is a hidden wisdom that is not in speech.)

این کتاب پر از حکمت‌های آموزنده است.
(This book is full of instructive wisdoms/aphorisms.)

خداوند بر اساس حکمت خود عمل می‌کند.
(God acts according to His wisdom.)

Using حکمت in a sentence requires an understanding of its weight. Since it is a B2-level word, it is rarely used for trivial matters. You wouldn't use it to describe a smart way to fix a leaky faucet; instead, you use it to describe the profound logic behind a life choice or a historical event. In Persian grammar, it functions as a noun, and it can be modified by adjectives or used in 'ezafe' constructions to specify the type of wisdom being discussed.

Structure 1: Attributive Use
Using 'Hekmat' to describe the nature of an action. Example: 'Kār-e u az ru-ye hekmat bud' (His action was out of wisdom).

تصمیمات پیرمرد همیشه بر پایه حکمت بود.
(The old man's decisions were always based on wisdom.)

One of the most frequent ways to use Hekmat is to refer to the 'hidden reason' for an occurrence. In this context, it often appears with the verb 'dāshtan' (to have). For instance, 'In etefāq hekmati dāsht' (This event had a [hidden] wisdom). This is a very common way for Persian speakers to express a sense of fatalism or trust in a higher power during difficult times. It implies that while the immediate result is unpleasant, the ultimate purpose is beneficial.

Structure 2: The 'Ezafe' Construction
Linking 'Hekmat' to a source. Example: 'Hekmat-e Loghmān' (The wisdom of Luqman).

او به دنبال یادگیری حکمت شرق است.
(He is seeking to learn Eastern wisdom/philosophy.)

In academic or formal writing, Hekmat is used as a synonym for 'Falsafe' (philosophy) but with a more traditional or spiritual connotation. While 'Falsafe' might refer to Western analytic philosophy, Hekmat usually points toward the Perennial Philosophy or traditional Islamic thought. For example, 'Hekmat-e Eshraq' refers to the Illuminationist philosophy of Suhrawardi. Using the word in this way signals that you are discussing deep, existential truths rather than just logical propositions.

Structure 3: Pluralization
The plural 'Hekmat-hā' refers to specific pieces of wisdom or proverbs. Example: 'Hekmat-hā-ye Saadi' (The wisdoms of Saadi).

در هر رنجی، حکمتی نهفته است.
(In every suffering, a wisdom is hidden.)

سخنان او سرشار از حکمت بود.
(His words were full of wisdom.)

آیا می‌توانی حکمت این ضرب‌المثل را توضیح دهی؟
(Can you explain the wisdom of this proverb?)

You will encounter حکمت in a variety of high-level contexts in Iran and other Persian-speaking regions. It is not a 'street slang' word, but it is deeply embedded in the 'Tārof' and the philosophical way Iranians often view the world. One of the most common places to hear it is in religious or spiritual sermons. Preachers often discuss 'Hekmat-e Elāhi' (Divine Wisdom) to explain why certain events happen in the world, emphasizing that God's plan is beyond human comprehension.

In Literature and Art
Persian classical poetry is the primary home for 'Hekmat.' When reading the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi or the Masnavi of Rumi, the word appears frequently as the ultimate goal of the human soul. In art galleries, you might see calligraphic works featuring verses about 'Hekmat.'

حکیم ابوالقاسم فردوسی، شاعر بزرگ ایران، مظهر حکمت است.
(Hakim Abul-Qasem Ferdowsi, the great poet of Iran, is the manifestation of wisdom.)

In television dramas—especially historical ones—characters often debate the Hekmat of a king's decree or a father's advice. It adds a layer of gravity and seriousness to the dialogue. If you are watching a news program or a political debate, a commentator might criticize a policy by saying it 'lacks wisdom' (fāqed-e hekmat ast), suggesting that the policy is short-sighted and doesn't consider the long-term well-being of the nation. This usage moves the word from the spiritual realm into the realm of pragmatic governance.

In Family Life
Grandparents often use 'Hekmat' when telling stories to their grandchildren. They might end a story by saying, 'The wisdom of this story is that one should never be greedy.'

مادربزرگ همیشه می‌گفت: «هر اتفاقی حکمتی دارد.»
(Grandmother always said: "Every event has a wisdom.")

Lastly, in the university setting, particularly in the humanities departments, Hekmat is the standard term for traditional philosophy. Students of 'Hekmat-e Eslāmi' (Islamic Philosophy) spend years studying the works of Farabi, Avicenna, and Suhrawardi. In this context, the word is technical and refers to a specific methodology of inquiry that combines logic with spiritual purification. If you attend a book fair in Tehran, you will see entire sections labeled 'Hekmat,' containing books on ethics, metaphysics, and traditional medicine.

Professional Titles
In the past, 'Hakim' was the title for a physician. Today, 'Hekmat' is still used in the names of clinics or pharmacies that focus on herbal and traditional remedies.

او در دانشکده حکمت و فلسفه درس می‌خواند.
(He studies at the Faculty of Wisdom and Philosophy.)

این سخنرانی درباره حکمت نهفته در اشعار حافظ بود.
(This lecture was about the wisdom hidden in Hafez's poems.)

Learning to use حکمت correctly involves navigating its proximity to other words for 'knowledge' and 'intelligence.' The most frequent mistake for English speakers is using Hekmat where they should use 'Elm' (Science/Knowledge) or 'Hoosh' (Intelligence). While a scientist has 'Elm' and a clever person has 'Hoosh,' neither necessarily possesses Hekmat. Wisdom is a moral and existential quality, not just a cognitive one.

Mistake 1: Confusing Hekmat with Danesh
Incorrect: 'He has a lot of wisdom about physics.' (Hekmat about physics). Correct: 'He has a lot of knowledge (Danesh/Elm) about physics.' Use 'Hekmat' for life, ethics, and metaphysics.

نباید حکمت را با اطلاعات عمومی اشتباه گرفت.
(One should not confuse wisdom with general information.)

Another mistake involves the preposition used with Hekmat. In English, we say 'wisdom in' or 'wisdom of.' In Persian, when you want to say 'the wisdom behind something,' you often use the preposition 'dar' (in) or the ezafe construction. Using 'barā-ye' (for) is usually incorrect. For example, 'Hekmat-e in kār' (The wisdom of this act) is better than 'Hekmat barā-ye in kār.'

Mistake 2: Over-pluralization
While 'Hekmat-hā' exists, people often use the singular 'Hekmat' even when referring to multiple wise points. Overusing the plural can make the speech sound clunky.

او به جای حکمت، فقط به دنبال منطق خشک بود.
(Instead of wisdom, he was only looking for dry logic.)

Finally, learners sometimes confuse 'Hekmat' with 'Hokumat' (Government). Because they share the same root (H-K-M), they look similar. However, 'Hokumat' is about political power, while 'Hekmat' is about intellectual and spiritual power. Saying 'Hekmat-e Iran' when you mean 'The Government of Iran' would be a significant error that changes the meaning from 'The wisdom of Iran' to something entirely different.

Mistake 3: Misusing 'Hakim'
Don't call a modern doctor a 'Hakim' unless you are specifically talking about a traditional herbalist. Modern doctors are 'Pezeshk' or 'Doktor'.

آیا این تصمیم از روی حکمت گرفته شده است؟
(Was this decision made out of wisdom?)

او فکر می‌کند با خواندن چند کتاب صاحب حکمت شده است.
(He thinks he has gained wisdom by reading a few books.)

To truly master حکمت, you must understand how it relates to its synonyms. Persian is rich in vocabulary for the mind and spirit, and each word has a specific 'flavor.' While they all translate roughly to 'wisdom' or 'knowledge' in English, their usage in Persian is distinct.

Hekmat vs. Kherad (خرد)
'Kherad' is the pure Persian (Pahlavi) word for wisdom. It is often used in epic poetry (like the Shahnameh) and has a more secular, rational, and ancient feel. 'Hekmat' (Arabic origin) often carries more religious, philosophical, or 'hidden' connotations.

خرد رهنمای و خرد دلگشای.
(Wisdom is the guide and wisdom is the heart-opener - Ferdowsi.)

Next, we have Binesh (بینش) and Basirat (بصیرت). Binesh literally means 'vision' or 'insight' and is often used in social or political contexts (e.g., 'political insight'). Basirat is a more spiritual 'inner sight' or 'discernment.' While Hekmat is the quality of being wise, Basirat is the tool (the inner eye) that allows one to achieve that wisdom.

Hekmat vs. Falsafe (فلسفه)
'Falsafe' is the direct loanword from the Greek 'philosophia.' It is used for modern academic philosophy (Kant, Hegel, etc.). 'Hekmat' is used for the traditional, often more spiritual, Eastern schools of thought.

او استاد فلسفه غرب است اما به حکمت شرق علاقه دارد.
(He is a professor of Western philosophy but is interested in Eastern wisdom.)

In some contexts, you might use Tadbir (تدبیر), which means 'prudence' or 'management.' While Hekmat is the deep understanding, Tadbir is the practical application of that understanding to solve a problem. A wise leader has both Hekmat (to know what is right) and Tadbir (to know how to do it). If you want to emphasize the 'reason' or 'philosophy' behind a specific rule, you could use Falsafeye... (The philosophy of...), but Hekmat-e... adds a more profound, often divine, layer to the explanation.

Summary Table
1. Kherad: Pure Persian, epic, rational. 2. Elm: Academic knowledge. 3. Basirat: Spiritual discernment. 4. Hekmat: Holistic, traditional wisdom.

بدون بصیرت، رسیدن به حکمت غیرممکن است.
(Without discernment, reaching wisdom is impossible.)

این ضرب‌المثل عمق خرد جمعی ما را نشان می‌دهد.
(This proverb shows the depth of our collective wisdom.)

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Ejemplos por nivel

1

او یک مرد با حکمت است.

He is a wise man.

Noun used with 'ba' to create an adjective phrase.

2

این کتاب حکمت دارد.

This book has wisdom.

Simple subject-object-verb structure.

3

حکمت یعنی دانایی.

Wisdom means being wise/knowledgeable.

Equative sentence.

4

پدربزرگ من حکمت زیادی دارد.

My grandfather has a lot of wisdom.

Using 'ziyadi' to quantify the noun.

5

سخن او حکمت بود.

His speech was wisdom.

Simple past tense of 'to be'.

6

آیا حکمت خوب است؟

Is wisdom good?

Simple question.

7

من حکمت را دوست دارم.

I like wisdom.

Direct object with 'ra'.

8

حکمت در داستان‌ها است.

Wisdom is in stories.

Prepositional phrase 'dar'.

1

هر کاری یک حکمتی دارد.

Every action has a wisdom (reason).

Indefinite 'i' added to 'hekmat'.

2

او از حکمت پیرمرد استفاده کرد.

He used the old man's wisdom.

Ezafe construction linking 'hekmat' and 'pirmard'.

3

حکمت لقمان بسیار معروف است.

The wisdom of Luqman is very famous.

Proper noun in ezafe construction.

4

ما باید به دنبال حکمت باشیم.

We must look for wisdom.

Modal verb 'bayad' with 'budan'.

5

این داستان حکمت بزرگی به من آموخت.

This story taught me a great wisdom.

Dative construction with 'be'.

6

حکمت بهتر از پول است.

Wisdom is better than money.

Comparative 'behtar az'.

7

او با حکمت با دیگران رفتار می‌کند.

He treats others with wisdom.

Adverbial use of 'ba hekmat'.

8

آیا در این اتفاق حکمتی هست؟

Is there a wisdom in this event?

Existential 'hast' with indefinite noun.

1

سخنان او سرشار از حکمت و معرفت بود.

His words were full of wisdom and knowledge.

Compound adjective 'sarshar az'.

2

او سعی کرد حکمت این ضرب‌المثل را بفهمد.

He tried to understand the wisdom of this proverb.

Infinitive 'fahamidan' as a complement.

3

حکمت عملی در زندگی روزمره بسیار مهم است.

Practical wisdom is very important in daily life.

Adjective 'amali' modifying 'hekmat'.

4

پادشاه با حکمت و تدبیر بر کشور حکومت می‌کرد.

The king ruled the country with wisdom and prudence.

Pairing 'hekmat' and 'tadbir' as a common collocation.

5

در کارهای خدا همیشه حکمتی نهفته است.

There is always a hidden wisdom in God's works.

Past participle 'nahofte' (hidden) used as an adjective.

6

او به مطالعه کتاب‌های حکمت علاقه دارد.

He is interested in studying books of wisdom/philosophy.

Compound noun 'ketab-haye hekmat'.

7

حکمت به ما کمک می‌کند تا بهتر زندگی کنیم.

Wisdom helps us to live better.

Subjunctive 'zendegi konim' after 'ta'.

8

او به خاطر حکمت و دانایی‌اش مورد احترام بود.

He was respected because of his wisdom and knowledge.

Causal 'be khater-e'.

1

حکمت متعالیه یکی از مهم‌ترین مکاتب فلسفی است.

Transcendent Philosophy is one of the most important philosophical schools.

Technical term: 'Hekmat-e Motealiyeh'.

2

او بر اساس حکمت خود، از این معامله صرف‌نظر کرد.

Based on his wisdom, he withdrew from this deal.

Prepositional phrase 'bar asas-e'.

3

در پشت این ظاهر فریبنده، هیچ حکمتی وجود ندارد.

Behind this deceptive appearance, there is no wisdom.

Negative existential 'vojud nadarad'.

4

حکمت شرق بر پایه شهود و اشراق بنا شده است.

Eastern wisdom is built on intuition and illumination.

Passive construction 'bana shode ast'.

5

او می‌خواست بداند حکمت واقعی در چیست.

He wanted to know what true wisdom consists of.

Indirect question.

6

بسیاری از پزشکان قدیم ایران، حکیم نیز بودند.

Many of ancient Iran's doctors were also sages.

Use of 'Hakim' as a noun/title.

7

این تصمیم فاقد هرگونه حکمت و منطق بود.

This decision lacked any kind of wisdom and logic.

Adjective 'faqed' (lacking) with ezafe.

8

او سال‌ها در جستجوی حکمت به دور جهان سفر کرد.

He traveled the world for years in search of wisdom.

Prepositional phrase 'dar jostoju-ye'.

1

حکمت اشراق سهروردی پلی میان عقل و تجربه عرفانی است.

Suhrawardi's Illuminationist philosophy is a bridge between intellect and mystical experience.

Complex subject with multiple modifiers.

2

او در رساله‌اش به تبیین حکمت نهفته در اشعار عطار پرداخت.

In his treatise, he proceeded to explain the wisdom hidden in Attar's poems.

Formal verb 'be ... pardakhtan'.

3

حکمت الهی بر این تعلق گرفته که انسان آزاد باشد.

Divine wisdom has ordained that humans should be free.

Formal theological phrasing.

4

او با نگاهی حاکی از حکمت، به مشکلات جامعه می‌نگریست.

With a look indicative of wisdom, he looked at society's problems.

Participial phrase 'haki az'.

5

حکمت به مثابه نوری است که مسیر زندگی را روشن می‌کند.

Wisdom is like a light that illuminates the path of life.

Formal simile 'be masabe-ye'.

6

او میان فلسفه یونانی و حکمت ایرانی تمایز قائل بود.

He distinguished between Greek philosophy and Iranian wisdom.

Compound verb 'tamayoz gha'el budan'.

7

در متون کلاسیک، حکمت و اخلاق تفکیک‌ناپذیرند.

In classical texts, wisdom and ethics are inseparable.

Adjective 'tafkik-napazir' (inseparable).

8

او به نقد حکمت سیاسی معاصر در آثارش می‌پردازد.

He critiques contemporary political wisdom in his works.

Present continuous formal 'mi-pardazad'.

1

تلفیق برهان و عرفان در حکمت متعالیه به اوج خود می‌رسد.

The synthesis of demonstration and mysticism reaches its peak in Transcendent Philosophy.

High-level abstract nouns.

2

او معتقد است که حکمت، غایت قصوای تکامل بشری است.

He believes that wisdom is the ultimate goal of human evolution.

Formal phrase 'ghayat-e ghosva' (ultimate goal).

3

حکمت خسروانی ریشه در آموزه‌های ایران باستان دارد.

Khosravani wisdom has its roots in ancient Iranian teachings.

Historical-technical term.

4

او در سخنرانی‌اش به واکاوی مفهوم حکمت در عصر مدرنیته پرداخت.

In his speech, he delved into the analysis of the concept of wisdom in the era of modernity.

Advanced noun 'vakavi' (probing/analysis).

5

حکمت، نه یک دانش ایستا، بلکه جریانی پویا در جان آدمی است.

Wisdom is not a static knowledge, but a dynamic flow in the human soul.

Contrastive 'na ... balke' structure.

6

او با استناد به حکمت سنتی، به نقد پوزیتیویسم پرداخت.

Citing traditional wisdom, he proceeded to critique positivism.

Participial phrase 'ba estenad be'.

7

تجلی حکمت در معماری اسلامی، توازنی میان ماده و معناست.

The manifestation of wisdom in Islamic architecture is a balance between matter and meaning.

Abstract philosophical subject.

8

او بر این باور است که سکوت، مرتبه‌ای والا از حکمت است.

He believes that silence is a high station of wisdom.

Formal phrase 'bar in bavar ast'.

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