व्यय करना در ۳۰ ثانیه
- Formal verb for spending money, time, or energy.
- Used in budgets, news, and official documents.
- Grammatically transitive; often used with 'ne' in the past.
- Synonymous with 'kharch karna' but higher in register.
The Hindi verb व्यय करना (Vyay karnā) is a sophisticated and formal way to express the act of spending or expending resources. While the common word for 'to spend' is खर्च करना (kharch karnā), 'व्यय करना' is derived from the Sanskrit root 'Vi-Ay', which implies a structured or official outflow of wealth or energy. It is most frequently encountered in economic, administrative, and academic contexts where precision is required. When you use this term, you are not just talking about buying a snack; you are discussing the allocation of a budget, the utilization of national resources, or the systematic expenditure of time on a significant project.
- Etymological Root
- Derived from the Sanskrit word 'Vyaya' (expenditure/loss/decay) combined with the auxiliary verb 'Karnā' (to do).
- Register
- Formal/Academic/Technical. Used in news reports, government documents, and formal literature.
- Resource Scope
- Primarily money (dhan), but also time (samay), energy (shakti), and effort (shram).
"सरकार ने शिक्षा क्षेत्र में भारी धन व्यय करने का निर्णय लिया है।"
— (The government has decided to expend a large amount of money in the education sector.)
In a broader philosophical sense, 'व्यय' can also refer to the 'decay' or 'spending' of one's life force. In classical Hindi literature, poets often speak of the 'व्यय' of moments, suggesting that time once spent cannot be recovered. This adds a layer of gravity to the word that 'kharch' lacks. When a scientist speaks of energy expenditure in a chemical reaction, they would use 'ऊर्जा का व्यय' (expenditure of energy). This versatility makes it an essential word for anyone moving from intermediate to advanced Hindi proficiency.
"समय का सदुपयोग करें, उसे व्यर्थ में व्यय न करें।"
— (Use time wisely; do not spend it in vain.)
Furthermore, the term is often paired with its opposite, आय (Aay - Income), to form the concept of 'Income and Expenditure' (आय-व्यय). This pairing is the foundation of accounting terminology in Hindi. Understanding this word allows a learner to navigate financial news and official government announcements with much greater ease.
Using व्यय करना correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical structure as a compound verb. Since it is a transitive verb (सकर्मक क्रिया), it often takes the 'ne' (ने) particle in the perfective tenses (past tense). The object of the expenditure—whether it be money, time, or energy—is usually marked by the postposition 'पर' (on) or simply as a direct object depending on the sentence structure.
- Financial Context: धन व्यय करना (To spend money), बजट व्यय करना (To spend a budget).
- Temporal Context: समय व्यय करना (To spend time).
- Physical Context: शक्ति व्यय करना (To expend energy).
"उसने अपनी सारी ऊर्जा इस परियोजना पर व्यय कर दी।"
— (He expended all his energy on this project.)
When conjugating, remember that 'व्यय' is a masculine noun. Therefore, in the perfective tense, the verb will agree with the object if 'ne' is used. For example: 'मैंने रुपये व्यय किए' (I spent rupees - masculine plural agreement). If you are using it in a continuous sense, it follows the standard 'kar rahā/rahī' pattern. In formal writing, you might see the passive form: 'धन व्यय किया गया' (Money was expended).
In professional settings, you will often find it in the phrase 'व्यय विवरण' (Expenditure Statement). If you are an employee submitting a travel claim, you are detailing the 'व्यय' you incurred. This formal association makes it the preferred choice for business correspondence and academic papers.
You will encounter व्यय करना in several specific environments. Firstly, it is the staple of Economic News. When the Finance Minister presents the Union Budget (बजट), the word 'व्यय' is used hundreds of times to describe allocations for defense, infrastructure, and social welfare. You will hear phrases like 'विकासात्मक व्यय' (developmental expenditure) and 'गैर-योजनागत व्यय' (non-plan expenditure).
"इस वर्ष रक्षा बजट पर अधिक धन व्यय किया जाएगा।"
— (More money will be expended on the defense budget this year.)
Secondly, it is common in Educational and Motivational Contexts. Teachers and mentors often use it when discussing the 'expenditure' of time and effort. They might say, 'विद्यार्थियों को अपना समय व्यर्थ के कार्यों में व्यय नहीं करना चाहिए' (Students should not spend their time in useless activities). Here, it carries a moral weight, suggesting that time is a precious resource that must be managed carefully.
Thirdly, you will see it in Legal and Administrative Documents. If you are reading a contract or a government circular regarding the use of funds, 'व्यय करना' is the standard term. It provides a level of legal clarity and formality that 'kharch' cannot provide. In these contexts, 'व्यय' is often treated as a technical term for 'outgoings'.
One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is Overusing the word in casual conversation. Using 'व्यय करना' while buying groceries or talking about a movie ticket sounds unnatural and overly stiff. It’s like saying "I shall now expend five dollars on this beverage" in English. Always prefer 'खर्च करना' for daily chores and personal spending.
"मैंने सब्जी खरीदने में पैसे व्यय किए।" (Too formal!)
— Better: "मैंने सब्जी खरीदने में पैसे खर्च किए।"
Another mistake is Confusing 'व्यय' with 'अपव्यय' (Apvyay). While 'व्यय' is neutral (simply spending), 'अपव्यय' means 'to waste' or 'to squander'. If you want to criticize someone for wasting money, 'व्यय करना' is too neutral; you should use 'अपव्यय करना' or 'व्यर्थ व्यय करना'.
Grammatically, learners sometimes forget that 'व्यय' is a masculine noun. In the phrase 'व्यय की गई राशि' (the amount spent), the 'की गई' agrees with 'राशि' (feminine), but in 'उसने धन व्यय किया', the 'किया' agrees with 'व्यय' (or the overall compound verb structure). Misgendering the noun 'व्यय' in complex sentences can lead to confusion.
Understanding the synonyms and related terms for व्यय करना helps in choosing the right word for the right context. The most common synonym is खर्च करना (Kharch karnā). This is the Urdu-derived equivalent used in 90% of daily life situations. It is versatile, friendly, and universally understood.
- उपभोग करना (Upbhog karnā)
- To consume. Used when the resource is 'used up' rather than just 'paid out', like electricity or food.
- निवेश करना (Nivesh karnā)
- To invest. This is the opposite of simple expenditure; it implies spending now for a future gain.
- भुगतान करना (Bhugtān karnā)
- To pay. This is the specific act of handing over money for a service or debt.
Another related term is लागत (Lāgat), which means 'cost'. While 'व्यय' is the action of spending, 'लागत' is the amount that must be spent. For example, 'इस परियोजना पर भारी व्यय हुआ क्योंकि इसकी लागत अधिक थी' (Heavy expenditure occurred on this project because its cost was high).
"हमें अपनी ऊर्जा सकारात्मक कार्यों में लगाना चाहिए।"
— (We should apply/spend our energy in positive tasks. 'Lagānā' is a softer alternative to 'Vyay karnā'.)
Finally, बर्बाद करना (Barbād karnā) or गँवाना (Ganvānā) are used when the expenditure is foolish or results in a total loss. 'व्यय करना' is planned; 'गँवाना' is accidental or careless.
چقدر رسمی است؟
سطح دشواری
گرامر لازم
Compound Verbs with 'Karna'
Ergative Case (Ne construction)
Direct and Indirect Objects
Subjunctive Mood for suggestions
Passive Voice in formal Hindi
مثالها بر اساس سطح
पैसे व्यय मत करो।
Don't spend money.
Imperative form.
वह बहुत व्यय करता है।
He spends a lot.
Present simple.
कम व्यय करो।
Spend less.
Advice/Command.
क्या आप पैसे व्यय करेंगे?
Will you spend money?
Future tense.
यहाँ व्यय अधिक है।
Expenditure is high here.
Noun usage.
समय व्यय करना बुरा है।
Spending (wasting) time is bad.
Gerund usage.
मैंने १० रुपये व्यय किए।
I spent 10 rupees.
Past tense with 'ne'.
वह धन व्यय करना चाहता है।
He wants to spend wealth.
Infinitive with 'chahta hai'.
हमें अपना समय पढ़ाई पर व्यय करना चाहिए।
We should spend our time on studies.
Use of 'chahiye' (should).
सरकार ने सड़कों पर बहुत धन व्यय किया।
The government spent a lot of money on roads.
Past perfective.
क्या आपने सारा पैसा व्यय कर दिया?
Did you spend all the money?
Compound verb 'kar diya'.
वह अपनी शक्ति व्यर्थ में व्यय करता है।
He spends his energy in vain.
Adverbial phrase 'vyarth mein'.
इस काम में बहुत समय व्यय होगा।
A lot of time will be spent in this work.
Future tense.
पिताजी ने मेरी शिक्षा पर धन व्यय किया।
Father spent money on my education.
Possessive 'meri'.
हमें सोच-समझकर व्यय करना चाहिए।
We should spend thoughtfully.
Compound adverb 'soch-samajhkar'.
यात्रा पर कितना व्यय हुआ?
How much was spent on the trip?
Intransitive-style usage of 'vyay hona'.
कंपनी ने विज्ञापन पर लाखों रुपये व्यय करने की योजना बनाई है।
The company has planned to spend millions on advertising.
Infinitive as an object of 'yojana'.
प्राकृतिक संसाधनों को सावधानी से व्यय करना आवश्यक है।
It is necessary to expend natural resources carefully.
Formal adjective 'avashyak'.
उसने अपनी पूरी जवानी देश की सेवा में व्यय कर दी।
He spent his entire youth in the service of the country.
Metaphorical use of 'vyay karna'.
बजट का एक बड़ा हिस्सा स्वास्थ्य सेवाओं पर व्यय किया जाएगा।
A large part of the budget will be expended on health services.
Passive voice 'kiya jayega'.
यदि हम ऊर्जा व्यय नहीं करेंगे, तो हम आलसी हो जाएंगे।
If we don't expend energy, we will become lazy.
Conditional 'yadi... toh'.
इस परियोजना के लिए अतिरिक्त धन व्यय करने की अनुमति मिल गई है।
Permission has been granted to spend additional funds for this project.
Complex noun phrase.
वैज्ञानिकों ने इस शोध पर कई वर्ष व्यय किए हैं।
Scientists have spent many years on this research.
Past tense with plural object 'varsh'.
क्या आप जानते हैं कि आपकी कंपनी कितना व्यय कर रही है?
Do you know how much your company is spending?
Interrogative with 'ki'.
राजकोषीय घाटे को कम करने के लिए सरकार को अपने व्यय पर नियंत्रण रखना होगा।
To reduce the fiscal deficit, the government will have to control its expenditure.
Use of 'hoga' for obligation.
लेखक ने अपनी रचनात्मक ऊर्जा को इस उपन्यास को लिखने में व्यय किया।
The author expended his creative energy in writing this novel.
Abstract object 'rachnatmak urja'.
बिना किसी ठोस परिणाम के इतना धन व्यय करना मूर्खता है।
It is foolishness to spend so much money without any solid result.
Infinitive as a subject.
संस्थान ने शोध और विकास पर अपनी आय का १० प्रतिशत व्यय करने का संकल्प लिया।
The institution resolved to spend 10 percent of its income on R&D.
Formal verb 'sankalp liya'.
हमें यह सुनिश्चित करना चाहिए कि सार्वजनिक धन का सही ढंग से व्यय हो।
We should ensure that public money is spent correctly.
Subjunctive 'vyay ho'.
विदेशी मुद्रा भंडार का व्यय सोच-समझकर किया जाना चाहिए।
Expenditure of foreign exchange reserves should be done thoughtfully.
Passive with 'kiya jana chahiye'.
उसने अपने जीवन के स्वर्णिम वर्ष इस लक्ष्य की प्राप्ति में व्यय कर दिए।
He spent the golden years of his life in achieving this goal.
Poetic/Formal register.
नई तकनीक को अपनाने में जो व्यय होगा, वह भविष्य में लाभ देगा।
The expenditure incurred in adopting new technology will yield profit in the future.
Relative clause 'jo... vah'.
किसी भी राष्ट्र की प्रगति उसके द्वारा शिक्षा और नवाचार पर व्यय किए गए संसाधनों पर निर्भर करती है।
The progress of any nation depends on the resources expended by it on education and innovation.
Complex participial phrase 'vyay kiye gaye'.
दार्शनिकों का मानना है कि मनुष्य को अपनी मानसिक शांति व्यर्थ की चिंताओं में व्यय नहीं करनी चाहिए।
Philosophers believe that humans should not expend their mental peace in useless worries.
Reported speech with 'ki'.
इस ऐतिहासिक इमारत के संरक्षण हेतु भारी धनराशि व्यय की गई है।
A massive amount of money has been expended for the preservation of this historical building.
Formal postposition 'hetu'.
पूंजीगत व्यय और राजस्व व्यय के बीच का संतुलन बनाए रखना किसी भी अर्थव्यवस्था के लिए चुनौतीपूर्ण होता है।
Maintaining the balance between capital expenditure and revenue expenditure is challenging for any economy.
Technical economic terms.
उसने अपने तर्कों को सिद्ध करने के लिए अत्यधिक बौद्धिक क्षमता व्यय की।
He expended excessive intellectual capacity to prove his arguments.
Abstract formal object.
युद्ध की विभीषिका में न केवल धन, बल्कि अमूल्य मानवीय जीवन का भी व्यय होता है।
In the horror of war, not only money but also invaluable human lives are expended.
Correlative conjunction 'na keval... balki'.
क्या यह संभव है कि हम अपनी भावनाओं को बिना किसी संकोच के व्यय करें?
Is it possible that we expend our emotions without any hesitation?
Subjunctive mood.
प्रशासनिक सुधारों पर व्यय किया गया समय अंततः सुशासन की नींव रखता है।
Time spent on administrative reforms ultimately lays the foundation of good governance.
Participial adjective.
वैश्विक तापन की समस्या से निपटने हेतु विकसित देशों को अपनी जीडीपी का एक निश्चित अंश व्यय करना अनिवार्य है।
To tackle the problem of global warming, it is mandatory for developed countries to expend a certain portion of their GDP.
High-level policy language.
मानवीय चेतना का व्यय जब सृजनात्मकता के स्थान पर ध्वंसात्मक कार्यों में होता है, तो सभ्यता का पतन निश्चित है।
When the expenditure of human consciousness occurs in destructive tasks instead of creativity, the downfall of civilization is certain.
Philosophical complexity.
निर्वाचन आयोग ने चुनाव प्रचार में उम्मीदवारों द्वारा व्यय की जाने वाली राशि की सीमा निर्धारित कर दी है।
The Election Commission has set a limit on the amount to be expended by candidates in election campaigning.
Passive participial phrase.
इस शोध पत्र का उद्देश्य यह विश्लेषण करना है कि किस प्रकार सूक्ष्म-वित्त पोषण ग्रामीण विकास पर व्यय किया जाता है।
The objective of this research paper is to analyze how micro-finance is expended on rural development.
Academic introductory phrase.
कलाकार ने अपनी आत्मा का अंश अपनी कृतियों में व्यय कर दिया, जिससे वे अमर हो गईं।
The artist expended a part of his soul in his creations, making them immortal.
Literary/Metaphorical.
राजकोषीय उत्तरदायित्व और बजट प्रबंधन अधिनियम के तहत व्यय की गुणवत्ता पर विशेष बल दिया गया है।
Under the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, special emphasis has been placed on the quality of expenditure.
Legal citation style.
ज्ञान का व्यय करने से वह घटता नहीं, अपितु निरंतर बढ़ता ही जाता है।
By expending (sharing) knowledge, it does not decrease, but rather continues to increase.
Classical aphorism style.
अत्यधिक श्रम व्यय करने के पश्चात भी उसे वह सफलता प्राप्त नहीं हुई जिसका वह पात्र था।
Even after expending excessive labor, he did not achieve the success he was deserving of.
Complex subordinating conjunction 'pashchat'.
مترادفها
متضادها
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
اصطلاحات و عبارات
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
الگوهای جملهسازی
نحوه استفاده
Often used in the context of 'authorized expenditure'.
It implies a purposeful or official spending, unlike 'kharch' which can be impulsive.
Can be used for 'spending' a life or a reputation.
- Using it for small, casual purchases (e.g., buying a pen).
- Forgetting the 'ne' particle in the past tense.
- Confusing 'व्यय' (expenditure) with 'व्याय' (incorrect spelling).
- Using 'व्यय करना' when you actually mean 'waste' (use 'apvyay' instead).
- Misgendering the noun 'व्यय' as feminine.
نکات
Professionalism
Always use 'व्यय करना' when writing a business email or a formal report in Hindi. It shows a high level of education and professionalism. Using 'kharch' in a formal report can sometimes seem too colloquial.
Agreement
Remember that in the past tense, the verb agrees with the object. 'उसने पैसे व्यय किए' (plural) but 'उसने समय व्यय किया' (singular). This is a common point of error for learners.
Antonym Pair
Memorize 'आय' (Income) and 'व्यय' (Expenditure) together. They are like 'Left' and 'Right' in the world of finance. Knowing one helps you remember the other.
Resource Management
Think of 'व्यय करना' as 'resource management'. Whether it's the nation's coal or your own mental energy, this word fits best when the resource is valuable.
Essay Writing
When writing about social issues, use 'शक्ति का व्यय' to describe where society is putting its efforts. It sounds much more profound than just 'kaam karna'.
Public Speaking
If you are giving a speech, use 'व्यय करना' to emphasize the gravity of an investment. It commands more attention than the common 'kharch'.
News Headlines
When you see 'व्यय' in a headline, look for the numbers nearby. It almost always precedes a discussion of millions or billions of rupees.
Sanskrit Connection
If you know other Indian languages like Marathi or Gujarati, you'll find 'Vyay' is used there too. It's a great bridge word for pan-Indian formal communication.
Avoid Wastage
Don't use 'व्यय' for accidental loss. If you lost your wallet, you didn't 'व्यय' it. You 'खो दिया' (lost) it. 'व्यय' is always an intentional act.
The 'V' Sound
The 'V' in Vyay stands for 'Value'. You 'Vyay' things that have 'Value'. This helps distinguish it from more mundane actions.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Vyay sounds like 'Via'. Money goes 'Via' your wallet to the shop. Vyay = Money going away.
ریشه کلمه
Sanskrit
بافت فرهنگی
A major context for discussing large-scale 'vyay'.
Indian culture emphasizes saving over spending.
The 'Union Budget' is the most famous annual event involving this word.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"क्या आपको लगता है कि सरकार को अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान पर अधिक धन व्यय करना चाहिए?"
"आप अपना खाली समय कैसे व्यय करते हैं?"
"क्या नई तकनीक पर व्यय करना हमेशा लाभदायक होता है?"
"शादियों पर भारी व्यय करने के बारे में आपकी क्या राय है?"
"एक छात्र को अपनी ऊर्जा किन कार्यों में व्यय करनी चाहिए?"
موضوعات نگارش
आज मैंने अपना समय किन महत्वपूर्ण कार्यों में व्यय किया?
मेरे मासिक व्यय का सबसे बड़ा हिस्सा कहाँ जाता है?
यदि मेरे पास असीमित धन होता, तो मैं उसे कहाँ व्यय करता?
क्या मैंने आज अपनी ऊर्जा का अपव्यय किया?
भविष्य के लिए बचत और वर्तमान में व्यय के बीच संतुलन कैसे बनाएं?
سوالات متداول
10 سوالGenerally, no. It is considered too formal for talking to friends or family. In those cases, 'खर्च करना' is the standard choice. However, you might hear it in a formal family discussion about a large inheritance or a legal matter.
Yes, it is very common in formal or literary contexts to talk about 'समय व्यय करना' (spending time). It sounds more serious than 'समय बिताना' (passing time).
'व्यय' is Sanskrit-based and formal, while 'खर्च' is Persian-based and common. They mean the same thing, but their usage depends on the setting (official vs. casual).
'व्यय' is a masculine noun. Therefore, you say 'व्यय किया' and not 'व्यय की'.
You can say 'धन का अपव्यय करना' or 'व्यर्थ में धन व्यय करना'. 'अपव्यय' specifically means wasteful expenditure.
Yes, it is often used as a noun meaning 'expenditure'. For example, 'बजट व्यय' (budget expenditure).
'व्यय करना' is 'to spend' (active), while 'व्यय होना' is 'to be spent' (passive/intransitive). For example, 'पैसे व्यय हो गए' (Money got spent).
It means 'Income and Expenditure'. It is the standard Hindi term for a balance sheet or a budget summary.
Rarely. Bollywood songs prefer 'खर्च' or 'लुटाना' because they are more rhythmic and emotional. 'व्यय' sounds too much like a government report.
Yes, it is a very common word in Hindi competitive exams, especially in reading comprehension and formal writing sections.
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Summary
Use 'व्यय करना' for formal, planned, or technical expenditure of resources (money, time, energy). Avoid it in casual talk where 'kharch karna' is more natural.
- Formal verb for spending money, time, or energy.
- Used in budgets, news, and official documents.
- Grammatically transitive; often used with 'ne' in the past.
- Synonymous with 'kharch karna' but higher in register.
Professionalism
Always use 'व्यय करना' when writing a business email or a formal report in Hindi. It shows a high level of education and professionalism. Using 'kharch' in a formal report can sometimes seem too colloquial.
Agreement
Remember that in the past tense, the verb agrees with the object. 'उसने पैसे व्यय किए' (plural) but 'उसने समय व्यय किया' (singular). This is a common point of error for learners.
Antonym Pair
Memorize 'आय' (Income) and 'व्यय' (Expenditure) together. They are like 'Left' and 'Right' in the world of finance. Knowing one helps you remember the other.
Resource Management
Think of 'व्यय करना' as 'resource management'. Whether it's the nation's coal or your own mental energy, this word fits best when the resource is valuable.
مثال
सरकार ने शिक्षा पर अधिक धन व्यय किया।
