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B1 noun #4,000 le plus courant 11 min de lecture

فرضية

faradiyya Top 4,000

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces فرضية en 30 secondes

Explication فرضية in your Level:

At the A1 level, you can think of 'farḍiyya' as a very formal word for a 'guess' or a 'maybe idea.' You won't use it often in basic daily conversations like ordering food or saying hello. However, you might see it in simple science books for children. It is a feminine word, so we say 'farḍiyya jadīda' (a new hypothesis). Just remember that it is something someone thinks might be true but they are not 100% sure yet. It is like saying 'I have an idea' in a very serious way. You can practice by saying 'This is a hypothesis' (hādhihi farḍiyya). It helps you start learning how to talk about ideas and science in Arabic. Even at this early stage, knowing that Arabic has special words for science is very helpful for your long-term learning journey.

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At the A2 level, you should recognize 'farḍiyya' as the word for 'hypothesis.' You might encounter it in news headlines or school contexts. It is important to know that it is a noun and it usually comes after verbs like 'put' (waḍaʿa) or 'say' (qāla). For example, 'The teacher said a hypothesis.' You can use it when you are talking about school subjects or simple experiments. Remember the plural form is 'farḍiyyāt.' You are starting to build a vocabulary that allows you to talk about more than just physical objects; you are starting to talk about thoughts and possibilities. If you are reading a simple article about the environment, you might see this word used to describe what scientists think will happen to the weather. Try to use it in a sentence like 'I have a hypothesis about this problem.'

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At the B1 level, you are expected to use 'farḍiyya' in more structured discussions. You should understand that a hypothesis is a 'tentative explanation.' You can now use it with adjectives like 'logical' (manṭiqiyya) or 'scientific' (ʿilmiyya). For instance, 'This is a logical hypothesis.' You should also be able to distinguish it from 'iftirāḍ' (assumption). A 'farḍiyya' is what you use when you are following a plan to find an answer. You will hear this word in documentaries and read it in intermediate-level articles. It's a great word to use in a presentation at work or university to show that you are thinking critically. You should also start using the verb 'ikhtabara' (to test) with it: 'We need to test the hypothesis.' This shows you understand the process of investigation.

At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using 'farḍiyya' in academic and professional settings. You should understand its role in the scientific method and be able to discuss 'null hypotheses' or 'working hypotheses.' You can use complex sentence structures, such as 'Based on the initial hypothesis, we conducted several experiments.' You should also be aware of the nuances between 'farḍiyya' and 'naẓariyya' (theory), ensuring you don't use them interchangeably in formal writing. At this level, you should be able to debate the validity of a hypothesis using words like 'refute' (daḥaḍa) or 'support' (daʿama). Your ability to use 'farḍiyya' correctly in an essay or a high-level discussion will demonstrate a strong command of formal Arabic (Modern Standard Arabic). You can also use it metaphorically in social analysis.

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At the C1 level, your use of 'farḍiyya' should be precise and sophisticated. You should be able to discuss the philosophical implications of a hypothesis and use it in the context of advanced statistics and research methodology. You will encounter this word in dense academic journals and high-level political analysis. You should be familiar with phrases like 'hypothetical-deductive method' and be able to translate complex English scientific concepts into Arabic using 'farḍiyya' as a base. You should also understand its etymological roots and how it relates to other words in the 'F-R-D' family. At this stage, you are not just using the word; you are analyzing it. You can write long reports where the 'farḍiyya' is the central theme, and you can defend or critique it using a wide range of academic vocabulary. Your spoken Arabic should also reflect this precision during formal debates or seminars.

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At the C2 level, you have a near-native or native-like understanding of 'farḍiyya.' You can use it in the most complex intellectual contexts, from quantum physics to post-structuralist philosophy. You understand the subtle differences in how the word has been used historically in Arabic literature and science compared to its modern usage. You can effortlessly switch between 'farḍiyya,' 'uṭrūḥa,' 'iftirāḍ,' and other synonyms to achieve the exact rhetorical effect you desire. You are capable of critiquing the very structure of a hypothesis in a high-level academic defense. Your command of the language allows you to use the word in creative writing or complex legal arguments where every nuance of meaning matters. You are also able to explain the concept to others, including its linguistic history and its vital role in the development of modern thought in the Arabic-speaking world.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

فرضية en 30 secondes

Farḍiyya (فرضية) means 'hypothesis' in Arabic. It is a formal, feminine noun used primarily in scientific, academic, and logical contexts to denote a tentative explanation.
It is derived from the root F-R-D, meaning assumption or duty. It is used with verbs like 'waḍaʿa' (to formulate) and 'ikhtabara' (to test).
It differs from 'naẓariyya' (theory), which is proven, and 'iftirāḍ' (assumption), which is more casual. The plural form is 'farḍiyyāt'.
Essential for discussing research, logic, and critical thinking in Modern Standard Arabic. It requires feminine gender agreement for adjectives and verbs.

The Arabic word فرضية (pronounced as farḍiyya) is a fundamental term used in academic, scientific, and logical contexts to denote a 'hypothesis.' At its core, it represents a tentative explanation or a proposition made as a starting point for further investigation. Unlike a proven fact or a widely accepted theory, a hypothesis is essentially an 'educated guess' that requires empirical testing to be validated or refuted. In the Arab world, as in the global scientific community, the concept of a hypothesis is central to the scientific method, which was significantly advanced by early Arab scholars like Ibn al-Haytham. He emphasized the importance of testing assumptions through observation and experimentation, a process where the farḍiyya is the first critical step.

Scientific Context: In a laboratory or research paper, a researcher will formulate a hypothesis to explain a phenomenon before conducting experiments. For example, 'The hypothesis states that increased heat accelerates the reaction.'

قدم الباحث فرضية جديدة حول أسباب التغير المناخي.

Translation: The researcher presented a new hypothesis about the causes of climate change.

Beyond the strict confines of science, the word is used in everyday intellectual discourse to discuss possibilities that are not yet confirmed. If you are debating a social issue or a business strategy, you might introduce a 'working hypothesis' to guide the discussion. It suggests a level of intellectual humility, acknowledging that the statement is subject to change based on new evidence. This differentiates it from a 'belief' or an 'opinion,' which might be held without the intention of rigorous testing. In legal contexts, a hypothesis might refer to a theory of a crime that investigators follow to find the truth.

Logical Reasoning: In logic, a hypothesis is the 'if' part of an 'if-then' statement. If the hypothesis is true, then certain consequences must follow.

تعتمد هذه الدراسة على فرضية أن التعليم يقلل من معدلات الجريمة.

Translation: This study relies on the hypothesis that education reduces crime rates.

The term is also vital in the field of statistics. A 'null hypothesis' (الفرضية الصفرية) is a standard term used to denote that there is no significant difference or relationship between variables, which researchers then try to disprove. Understanding this word is essential for anyone reading Arabic news regarding medicine, technology, or social sciences, as it appears frequently when reporting on new discoveries or ongoing debates. It carries a weight of formality and structured thinking, signaling that the speaker is engaging in a systematic inquiry rather than mere speculation.

لا يمكننا قبول هذه الـ فرضية دون أدلة ملموسة.

Translation: We cannot accept this hypothesis without concrete evidence.

Philosophical Use: Philosophers use 'farḍiyya' to explore metaphysical possibilities or thought experiments, testing the limits of human reason.

هل هذه الـ فرضية منطقية في سياقنا الحالي؟

Translation: Is this hypothesis logical in our current context?

علينا اختبار الـ فرضية بدقة قبل النشر.

Translation: We must test the hypothesis precisely before publishing.

Using فرضية correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a feminine noun and its typical collocations with verbs of testing, proving, and formulating. In Arabic, you don't just 'have' a hypothesis; you 'put' (وضع) it, 'test' (اختبر) it, or 'refute' (دحض) it. Because it is a feminine noun, any adjectives describing it must also be feminine, such as farḍiyya qawiyya (a strong hypothesis) or farḍiyya khāṭi'a (a wrong hypothesis). This section explores the grammatical nuances and the specific verb pairings that will make your Arabic sound more natural and professional.

Formulating a Hypothesis: The verb 'waḍaʿa' (to put/place) is the standard way to say 'to formulate' or 'to propose' a hypothesis. Example: 'The scientist formulated a hypothesis.'

وضع العالم فرضية لتفسير النتائج الغريبة.

Translation: The scientist formulated a hypothesis to explain the strange results.

When you move from formulation to verification, the verbs change. You might 'test' (اختبر/yakhtabiru) the hypothesis or 'verify' (تحقق من/yataḥaqqaqu min) its validity. If the experiments go well, you 'prove' (أثبت/yuthbitu) it; if they fail, you 'refute' (دحض/yadḥaḍu) or 'disprove' (نفي/yanfī) it. Notice how the sentence structure often follows the VSO (Verb-Subject-Object) pattern in formal Arabic, though SVO is also common in modern journalism. Using these specific verbs demonstrates a high level of linguistic competence.

Testing and Verification: Use 'ikhtibār' (testing) or 'taḥaqquq' (verification) when discussing the process of checking the hypothesis.

تهدف التجربة إلى اختبار صحة الـ فرضية.

Translation: The experiment aims to test the validity of the hypothesis.

In academic writing, you will often see the phrase 'bina'an ʿalā farḍiyyatihi' (based on his hypothesis). This is a useful connective phrase to explain the reasoning behind a certain methodology. Furthermore, in the plural form farḍiyyāt, it is often used to list various possibilities. For instance, 'There are several hypotheses regarding the extinction of dinosaurs.' This usage shows the word's flexibility in handling complex, multi-faceted scientific debates.

دحضت البيانات الجديدة الـ فرضية القديمة تماماً.

Translation: The new data completely refuted the old hypothesis.

Working Hypotheses: The phrase 'farḍiyyat ʿamal' (working hypothesis) is used in professional settings to describe a temporary assumption used to keep a project moving.

نحن نعمل حالياً وفق فرضية عمل معينة.

Translation: We are currently working according to a specific working hypothesis.

تعتمد الـ فرضية على ملاحظات دقيقة للميدان.

Translation: The hypothesis is based on accurate field observations.

You are most likely to encounter فرضية in environments where critical thinking and research are paramount. This includes university lecture halls, scientific documentaries (like those on National Geographic Abu Dhabi or Al Jazeera Documentary), and in the analytical sections of reputable newspapers like Asharq Al-Awsat or Al-Hayat. When a news anchor reports on a breakthrough in medical research, they might say, 'Scientists are testing a hypothesis that this drug could cure the disease.' It is a hallmark of intellectual and professional Arabic speech.

Academic Lectures: Professors use 'farḍiyya' to structure their lessons. 'Today we will discuss the hypothesis of the Big Bang' (فرضية الانفجار العظيم).

استمعتُ إلى محاضرة شيقة حول فرضية الأكوان المتوازية.

Translation: I listened to an interesting lecture about the parallel universes hypothesis.

In the world of business and economics, the word appears in strategic planning. Analysts might propose a 'hypothesis for market growth' based on current trends. If you work in a corporate environment in Dubai, Riyadh, or Cairo, you might hear this during a brainstorming session. It allows teams to explore 'what if' scenarios in a structured way. Additionally, in legal dramas or real-life court reporting, lawyers might present a 'hypothesis of the incident' (فرضية الحادث) to suggest how a crime might have occurred based on the available evidence.

Media and Journalism: Journalists use the term to avoid making definitive claims before a story is fully confirmed. 'One hypothesis for the plane crash is technical failure.'

نشرت الصحيفة فرضية جديدة حول اختفاء السفينة.

Translation: The newspaper published a new hypothesis regarding the disappearance of the ship.

You will also find farḍiyya in literature, particularly in science fiction or philosophical novels, where authors explore speculative ideas. In these contexts, the word serves as a bridge between reality and imagination. Even in casual intellectual circles—say, a group of friends discussing the future of AI in a cafe in Amman—the word might pop up as they try to predict what will happen next. It is a versatile word that signals a transition from 'I think' to 'Let's consider this possibility logically.'

هل تؤيد فرضية أن الذكاء الاصطناعي سيتفوق على البشر؟

Translation: Do you support the hypothesis that AI will surpass humans?

Criminal Investigations: Detectives often work on multiple hypotheses simultaneously to ensure they don't miss any clues.

تبحث الشرطة في عدة فرضيات لحل اللغز.

Translation: The police are looking into several hypotheses to solve the mystery.

هذه الـ فرضية تفتح آفاقاً جديدة للبحث العلمي.

Translation: This hypothesis opens new horizons for scientific research.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing فرضية (hypothesis) with نظرية (theory). While they are related, they represent different stages of the scientific process. A farḍiyya is an unproven assumption, whereas a naẓariyya is a well-substantiated explanation supported by extensive evidence (like the Theory of Relativity). Using 'theory' when you mean 'hypothesis' can make your scientific or logical arguments sound less precise. It is crucial to distinguish between a guess and a proven framework.

Confusion with 'Assumption': Learners often use 'iftirāḍ' (افتراض) and 'farḍiyya' interchangeably. While similar, 'iftirāḍ' is broader and can mean a simple assumption in daily life, while 'farḍiyya' is more formal and academic.

الفرق بين الـ فرضية والنظرية هو مستوى الإثبات العلمي.

Translation: The difference between a hypothesis and a theory is the level of scientific proof.

Another mistake involves gender agreement. Since farḍiyya ends with a tāʾ marbūṭa (ة), it is a feminine noun. Beginners often forget this and use masculine adjectives or verbs. For example, saying 'farḍiyya jadīd' (a new hypothesis - masculine) is incorrect; it must be 'farḍiyya jadīda' (feminine). Similarly, the verb must agree: 'qāmat al-farḍiyya' (the hypothesis stood/was based) rather than 'qāma al-farḍiyya.' Paying attention to these grammatical markers is essential for fluency.

Incorrect Pluralization: Some learners try to pluralize it as 'furūḍ' (which means duties). The correct plural for hypothesis is 'farḍiyyāt' (فرضيات).

هذه الـ فرضية (f) صحيحة (f)، وليست خاطئة (f).

Translation: This hypothesis is correct, and not wrong (all feminine agreement).

Finally, learners sometimes struggle with the preposition that follows the verb when using farḍiyya. For instance, when you 'verify' a hypothesis, you must use the preposition 'min' (من) after the verb 'yataḥaqqaq' (تحقق من الفرضية). Omitting this preposition or using the wrong one is a common pitfall. Mastering these small linguistic details will significantly elevate your writing style and ensure that your academic or professional contributions are taken seriously in an Arabic-speaking context.

يجب التحقق من الـ فرضية قبل إعلان النتائج.

Translation: The hypothesis must be verified before announcing the results.

Misusing 'Farḍ': As mentioned, 'farḍ' means obligation. Saying 'This is a farḍ' when you mean 'This is a hypothesis' will lead to significant confusion.

بنيتُ استنتاجي على فرضية منطقية، وليس على مجرد تخمين.

Translation: I built my conclusion on a logical hypothesis, not on mere guessing.

تعتبر هذه الـ فرضية حجر الزاوية في دراستنا.

Translation: This hypothesis is considered the cornerstone of our study.

Arabic is a language of incredible precision, and there are several words that are close in meaning to فرضية, each with its own specific register and nuance. Understanding these alternatives will help you choose the right word for the right situation, whether you are writing a scientific paper, a legal brief, or having a casual conversation. The most common related words include iftirāḍ, naẓariyya, takhmin, and iḥtimāl. Each reflects a different level of certainty and a different context of use.

Farḍiyya vs. Iftirāḍ: 'Farḍiyya' is a formal hypothesis, while 'Iftirāḍ' is a general assumption. You 'farḍiyya' in a lab; you 'iftirāḍ' when you assume your friend is coming to dinner.

هذا مجرد افتراض لا يستند إلى أي حقائق.

Translation: This is just an assumption that is not based on any facts.

Then there is naẓariyya (theory), which we mentioned earlier. A theory is much stronger than a hypothesis. For example, 'Darwin's Theory' is naẓariyya, not farḍiyya. Another word is takhmin (guess/speculation). This is used when you have very little evidence and are just guessing. In a detective story, a 'hunch' might be a takhmin, whereas a 'working hypothesis' based on clues would be a farḍiyya. Choosing farḍiyya over takhmin elevates the perceived logic of your statement.

Farḍiyya vs. Iḥtimāl: 'Iḥtimāl' means 'possibility' or 'probability'. It is more about the likelihood of something happening rather than a proposed explanation for why it happens.

هناك احتمال كبير لهطول الأمطار اليوم.

Translation: There is a high probability of rain today.

In academic contexts, you might also hear uṭrūḥa (thesis/dissertation). While a hypothesis is a single proposition, a thesis is a larger, more comprehensive argument that often contains multiple hypotheses. If you are writing a PhD, you are writing an uṭrūḥa. Finally, zaʿm (claim) is a word used when someone makes a statement without proof, often with a slightly skeptical connotation. Using farḍiyya instead of zaʿm shows you are giving the speaker the benefit of the doubt that their idea is scientific.

ترفض الجامعة هذا الـ زعم لعدم وجود أدلة.

Translation: The university rejects this claim due to lack of evidence.

Summary Table: Farḍiyya: Hypothesis (Scientific). Iftirāḍ: Assumption (General). Naẓariyya: Theory (Proven). Takhmin: Guess (Informal).

كل فرضية تحتاج إلى برهان لتصبح حقيقة.

Translation: Every hypothesis needs proof to become a fact.

نحن لا نتحدث عن تخمينات، بل عن فرضيات مدروسة.

Translation: We are not talking about guesses, but about studied hypotheses.

How Formal Is It?

Formel

Neutre

Informel

Child friendly

Argot

Le savais-tu ?

The same root gives us 'Farḍ' (religious duty). A hypothesis is conceptually a 'duty' of the mind to provide an explanation before a fact is found.

Guide de prononciation

UK /farˈdˤij.ja/

US /fɑːrˈdiːjə/

The stress is on the second syllable: far-DIY-ya.

Rime avec

قضية (qaḍiyya - issue) نقدية (naqdiyya - monetary) علمية (ʿilmiyya - scientific) عملية (ʿamaliyya - process/operation) وطنية (waṭaniyya - patriotism) شخصية (shakhṣiyya - personality) أهمية (ahammiyya - importance) كمية (kammiyya - quantity)

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing the 'ḍ' as a standard English 'd'.
Missing the double 'y' sound (shadda) on the 'y'.
Pronouncing the final 'a' (tāʾ marbūṭa) as 'at' in isolation (it is only 'at' in an iḍāfa construct).
Confusing the 'r' with a soft English 'r' instead of a tapped Arabic 'r'.
Shortening the 'iyya' to a simple 'ia'.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 4/5

The word itself is clear, but it often appears in complex sentences with high-level vocabulary.

Écriture 5/5

Requires knowledge of feminine agreement and specific scientific collocations.

Expression orale 4/5

Pronunciation of the 'ḍ' and the 'shadda' on 'y' can be tricky for beginners.

Écoute 3/5

Distinct sounding, but can be confused with 'iftirāḍ' in fast speech.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

علم (science) فكرة (idea) ممكن (possible) بحث (research) سؤال (question)

Apprends ensuite

نظرية (theory) برهان (proof) تجربة (experiment) استنتاج (conclusion) منطق (logic)

Avancé

إبستيمولوجيا (epistemology) استنباط (deduction) استقراء (induction) تفنيد (falsification) برهان خلف (reductio ad absurdum)

Grammaire à connaître

Feminine Noun Agreement

الفرضية (f) واضحة (f).

Pluralization of -iyya nouns

فرضية -> فرضيات

Preposition with 'taʿtamid'

تعتمد الفرضية على (on) الملاحظة.

Preposition with 'yataḥaqqaq'

يتحقق الباحث من (from/of) الفرضية.

Iḍāfa Construct with Hypotheses

فرضيةُ العالمِ (The scientist's hypothesis).

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Exemples par niveau

هذه فرضية.

This is a hypothesis.

A simple sentence using a demonstrative pronoun (hādhihi) and a noun.

عندي فرضية جديدة.

I have a new hypothesis.

Uses 'ʿindi' (I have) and a feminine adjective 'jadīda' to match 'farḍiyya'.

هل الفرضية صحيحة؟

Is the hypothesis correct?

A question using the definite article 'al-' and the feminine adjective 'ṣaḥīḥa'.

الفرضية سهلة.

The hypothesis is easy.

Subject-predicate sentence with gender agreement.

أقرأ فرضية اليوم.

I am reading a hypothesis today.

Present tense verb followed by the object.

هذه فرضية جميلة.

This is a beautiful hypothesis.

Using a descriptive adjective in the feminine form.

ما هي الفرضية؟

What is the hypothesis?

Using the interrogative 'mā' for non-humans.

الفرضية في الكتاب.

The hypothesis is in the book.

A sentence with a prepositional phrase as a predicate.

كتبتُ فرضية للدرس.

I wrote a hypothesis for the lesson.

Past tense verb with a direct object.

قال المعلم فرضية مهمة.

The teacher said an important hypothesis.

Verb-Subject-Object order with an adjective.

نحن نحتاج إلى فرضية.

We need a hypothesis.

Present tense verb followed by a prepositional phrase.

هذه فرضية غريبة جداً.

This is a very strange hypothesis.

Using the intensifier 'jiddan'.

هل تفهم هذه الفرضية؟

Do you understand this hypothesis?

Interrogative sentence with a demonstrative adjective.

الفرضية ليست صعبة.

The hypothesis is not difficult.

Negation using 'laysat' for a feminine subject.

توجد فرضيات كثيرة هنا.

There are many hypotheses here.

Using the plural 'farḍiyyāt' and the verb 'tūjad'.

اسمع هذه الفرضية من فضلك.

Listen to this hypothesis, please.

Imperative verb (masculine singular).

وضع الباحث فرضية منطقية جداً.

The researcher formulated a very logical hypothesis.

Using the specific verb 'waḍaʿa' for formulating hypotheses.

علينا اختبار هذه الفرضية في المختبر.

We must test this hypothesis in the lab.

Using 'ʿalaynā' (must) and the verbal noun 'ikhtibār'.

تعتمد الدراسة على فرضية قديمة.

The study relies on an old hypothesis.

The verb 'taʿtamid' takes the preposition 'ʿalā'.

هل يمكننا إثبات هذه الفرضية؟

Can we prove this hypothesis?

Using 'hal yumkinunā' (can we) followed by a verbal noun.

هذه الفرضية تفسر سبب المشكلة.

This hypothesis explains the cause of the problem.

Present tense verb 'tufassir' matching the feminine subject.

رفض العلماء تلك الفرضية الضعيفة.

The scientists rejected that weak hypothesis.

Using the distal demonstrative 'tilka' (that).

أريد أن أطرح فرضية جديدة للنقاش.

I want to propose a new hypothesis for discussion.

Using 'an' + subjunctive verb 'aṭraḥa'.

الفرضية الصفرية هي أساس الإحصاء.

The null hypothesis is the basis of statistics.

Introduction of technical term 'al-farḍiyya al-ṣifriyya'.

دحضت التجارب الجديدة الفرضية السابقة تماماً.

New experiments completely refuted the previous hypothesis.

Using the verb 'daḥaḍat' for refutation.

بنى الفيلسوف فكره على فرضية مثيرة للجدل.

The philosopher built his thought on a controversial hypothesis.

Using the phrase 'muthīra lil-jadal' (controversial).

تتطلب هذه الفرضية المزيد من البحث والتقصي.

This hypothesis requires further research and investigation.

Using 'tataṭallab' (requires) and 'at-taqaṣṣī' (investigation).

لا تزال هذه الفرضية قيد الاختبار والتحقق.

This hypothesis is still under testing and verification.

Using the phrase 'qayd al-ikhtibār' (under testing).

اقترح الفريق فرضية عمل لتجاوز الأزمة.

The team suggested a working hypothesis to overcome the crisis.

Using the compound noun 'farḍiyyat ʿamal'.

من الضروري التمييز بين الفرضية والنظرية العلمية.

It is necessary to distinguish between a hypothesis and a scientific theory.

Using the verbal noun 'at-tamyīz' (distinguishing).

تستند هذه الفرضية إلى بيانات إحصائية دقيقة.

This hypothesis is based on accurate statistical data.

Using 'tastanid' (is based) with 'ilā'.

هل لديك أي دليل يدعم هذه الفرضية؟

Do you have any evidence that supports this hypothesis?

Using the relative clause 'yadaʿam' (supports).

تعد هذه الفرضية حجر الزاوية في الفيزياء الحديثة.

This hypothesis is considered the cornerstone of modern physics.

Using 'tuʿad' (is considered) and the idiom 'ḥajar al-zāwiya'.

أدت نتائج البحث إلى تقويض الفرضية التي سادت لعقود.

The research results led to the undermining of the hypothesis that prevailed for decades.

Using 'taqwīḍ' (undermining) and 'sādat' (prevailed).

ينبغي صياغة الفرضية بطريقة قابلة للاختبار التجريبي.

The hypothesis should be formulated in a way that is testable empirically.

Using 'ṣiyāgha' (formulating) and 'qābila lil-ikhtibār' (testable).

تتعارض هذه الفرضية مع القوانين الأساسية للطبيعة.

This hypothesis contradicts the fundamental laws of nature.

Using the verb 'tataʿāraḍ' (to contradict).

قدم العالم براهين قاطعة تدحض الفرضية المنافسة.

The scientist provided conclusive proofs that refute the competing hypothesis.

Using 'barāhīn qāṭiʿa' (conclusive proofs).

تظل الفرضية مجرد تخمين ما لم يتم تأكيدها مخبرياً.

The hypothesis remains mere speculation unless it is confirmed in the lab.

Using 'mā lam' (unless) + jussive verb.

ثمة فرضية تقول إن اللغة تشكل طريقة تفكيرنا.

There is a hypothesis stating that language shapes the way we think.

Using 'thamma' (there is) for formal existence.

تتطلب الفرضية القوية اتساقاً منطقياً داخلياً.

A strong hypothesis requires internal logical consistency.

Using 'ittisāq manṭiqī' (logical consistency).

إن تهافت هذه الفرضية يكمن في قصور أدواتها التحليلية.

The collapse of this hypothesis lies in the inadequacy of its analytical tools.

Using 'tahāfut' (collapse/incoherence) and 'quṣūr' (inadequacy).

تستوجب الفرضية العلمية الرصينة إمكانية التكذيب.

A robust scientific hypothesis necessitates the possibility of falsifiability.

Using 'tastawjib' (necessitates) and 'imkāniyyat al-takdhīb' (falsifiability).

تمثل هذه الفرضية قطيعة معرفية مع التصورات التقليدية.

This hypothesis represents an epistemological break with traditional conceptions.

Using 'qaṭīʿa maʿrifiyya' (epistemological break).

لا يمكن اختزال الظاهرة في فرضية أحادية الجانب.

The phenomenon cannot be reduced to a one-sided hypothesis.

Using 'ikhtizāl' (reduction) and 'aḥādiyyat al-jānib' (one-sided).

تنبثق الفرضية من استقراء دقيق للوقائع التاريخية.

The hypothesis emerges from a careful induction of historical facts.

Using 'tanbathiq' (emerges) and 'istiqrāʾ' (induction).

إن صوابية الفرضية مرهونة بمدى توافقها مع النتائج التجريبية.

The correctness of the hypothesis is contingent upon the extent of its compatibility with experimental results.

Using 'marhūna bi-' (contingent upon/tied to).

تتجاوز هذه الفرضية الأطر النظرية الكلاسيكية السائدة.

This hypothesis transcends the prevailing classical theoretical frameworks.

Using 'tatajāwaz' (transcends) and 'al-uṭur al-naẓariyya' (theoretical frameworks).

تظل الفرضية قائمة حتى يثبت العكس بالبرهان العلمي.

The hypothesis remains standing until the opposite is proven by scientific evidence.

Using 'qāʾima' (standing/valid) and 'yuthbit al-ʿaks' (proves the opposite).

Synonymes

افتراض تخمين نظرية مؤقتة

Antonymes

حقيقة يقين إثبات

Collocations courantes

وضع فرضية

اختبار الفرضية

دحض الفرضية

الفرضية الصفرية

فرضية عمل

إثبات الفرضية

فرضية منطقية

صياغة الفرضية

فرضية بديلة

تفنيد الفرضية

Phrases Courantes

بناءً على فرضية

— Based on a hypothesis. Used to explain the foundation of an argument.

بنينا خطتنا بناءً على فرضية نمو السوق.

مجرد فرضية

— Just a hypothesis. Used to downplay the certainty of a statement.

لا تقلق، هذا مجرد فرضية.

فرضية قوية

— A strong hypothesis. One that is well-supported or very likely.

لديك فرضية قوية جداً.

فرضية خاطئة

— A wrong hypothesis. One that has been proven incorrect.

كانت الفرضية خاطئة منذ البداية.

فرضية البحث

— The research hypothesis. The main idea being investigated in a study.

ما هي فرضية البحث الأساسية؟

تحت فرضية أن

— Under the hypothesis that. Used to set a condition for an argument.

نعمل تحت فرضية أن الأسعار ستنخفض.

فرضية مقبولة

— An acceptable hypothesis. One that makes sense to the community.

هذه فرضية مقبولة علمياً.

فرضية جريئة

— A bold hypothesis. A daring or unconventional idea.

قدم العالم فرضية جريئة حول الثقوب السوداء.

تبني فرضية

— To adopt a hypothesis. To start working based on a specific idea.

تبنى الفريق فرضية جديدة.

صحة الفرضية

— The validity/truth of the hypothesis.

نحن نشك في صحة الفرضية.

Souvent confondu avec

فرضية vs نظرية (Theory)

A theory is proven; a hypothesis is a starting guess.

فرضية vs فرض (Duty)

Shares the root but refers to religious or legal obligation.

فرضية vs افتراض (Assumption)

More general and less formal than a scientific hypothesis.

Expressions idiomatiques

"فرضية لا تصمد أمام النقد"

— A hypothesis that doesn't stand up to criticism. Used for weak ideas.

هذه فرضية لا تصمد أمام النقد العلمي.

Formal

"فرضية من وحي الخيال"

— A hypothesis from the imagination. Used for unrealistic or purely speculative ideas.

كلامك مجرد فرضية من وحي الخيال.

Neutral

"قلب الفرضية رأساً على عقب"

— To turn the hypothesis upside down. To completely change the perspective.

الاكتشاف الجديد قلب الفرضية رأساً على عقب.

Informal/Neutral

"فرضية ولدت ميتة"

— A hypothesis born dead. Used for an idea that is obviously wrong from the start.

للأسف، كانت فرضية ولدت ميتة.

Literary/Journalistic

"وضع النقاط على الحروف في الفرضية"

— To clarify the hypothesis completely (to put the dots on the letters).

علينا وضع النقاط على الحروف بخصوص هذه الفرضية.

Neutral

"فرضية تفتح أبواباً مغلقة"

— A hypothesis that opens closed doors. An idea that leads to many new discoveries.

هذه فرضية تفتح أبواباً مغلقة في العلم.

Literary

"التمسك بفرضية خاسرة"

— Holding onto a losing hypothesis. Persisting in a wrong idea.

لا تتمسك بفرضية خاسرة يا صديقي.

Informal

"فرضية على ورق"

— A hypothesis on paper. An idea that sounds good but doesn't work in reality.

مشروعك مجرد فرضية على ورق.

Neutral

"فرضية سابحة في الفضاء"

— A hypothesis floating in space. An idea with no grounding in reality.

أفكاره مجرد فرضيات سابحة في الفضاء.

Informal

"فرضية تضرب في العمق"

— A hypothesis that strikes deep. An idea that challenges fundamental beliefs.

هذه الفرضية تضرب في عمق المفاهيم القديمة.

Literary

Facile à confondre

فرضية vs فرضي

Looks like the masculine version.

It is an adjective meaning 'hypothetical,' while farḍiyya is the noun.

هذا سؤال فرضي.

فرضية vs فرائض

Plural of farīḍa (duty).

Farā'iḍ refers to religious duties; farḍiyyāt refers to hypotheses.

تعلمت الفرائض في المدرسة.

فرضية vs مفروض

Related root.

Means 'supposed to' or 'imposed.'

من المفروض أن نذهب.

فرضية vs تفويض

Similar sound.

Means 'delegation' or 'authorization.'

أعطاني تفويضاً للعمل.

فرضية vs تعريض

Similar shape.

Means 'exposure' or 'insinuation.'

تعريض الجلد للشمس.

Structures de phrases

هذه [noun].

هذه فرضية.

عندي [noun] [adjective].

عندي فرضية جديدة.

يجب أن نختبر الـ [noun].

يجب أن نختبر الفرضية.

تعتمد الدراسة على [noun]...

تعتمد الدراسة على فرضية قديمة.

بناءً على الـ [noun] القائلة بأن...

بناءً على الفرضية القائلة بأن الأرض كروية.

إن تهافت الـ [noun] يرجع إلى...

إن تهافت الفرضية يرجع إلى نقص البيانات.

هل الـ [noun] [adjective]؟

هل الفرضية منطقية؟

تم [verb] الـ [noun] بنجاح.

تم إثبات الفرضية بنجاح.

Famille de mots

Noms

Verbes

Adjectifs

Apparenté

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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Common in academic and news contexts; rare in street slang.

Erreurs courantes

Using 'farḍ' instead of 'farḍiyya' for hypothesis. → هذه فرضية علمية.
'Farḍ' means duty or obligation. 'Farḍiyya' is the correct term for hypothesis.
Using masculine adjectives with 'farḍiyya'. → فرضية جديدة.
'Farḍiyya' is feminine, so adjectives must be feminine (jadīda, not jadīd).
Confusing 'farḍiyya' with 'naẓariyya'. → الفرضية تحتاج إلى اختبار.
A hypothesis (farḍiyya) is unproven; a theory (naẓariyya) is established.
Incorrect plural 'furūḍ'. → هناك عدة فرضيات.
The plural of hypothesis is 'farḍiyyāt'. 'Furūḍ' is the plural of 'farḍ' (duty).
Missing the preposition 'min' with 'taḥaqquq'. → التحقق من الفرضية.
The noun 'taḥaqquq' (verification) requires 'min' when referring to the object being verified.

Astuces

Gender Matching

Always remember that 'farḍiyya' is feminine. Your adjectives must end with 'a' (tāʾ marbūṭa). Example: 'farḍiyya qawiyya' not 'farḍiyya qawī'.

Be Scientific

Use 'farḍiyya' when talking about research. Use 'iftirāḍ' when you are just making a casual assumption about a friend's behavior.

The Theory Distinction

Do not call the 'Theory of Evolution' a 'farḍiyya' in an exam; it is a 'naẓariyya'. A 'farḍiyya' is for things not yet proven.

The Shadda

Don't rush the 'iyya' ending. The double 'y' sound is important for correct Modern Standard Arabic pronunciation.

Verbal Nouns

In formal writing, use 'ikhtibār al-farḍiyya' (testing the hypothesis) rather than just saying 'we test the hypothesis'.

Legal Context

In law, 'farḍiyya' can mean a possible scenario of how a crime happened. It is used by both defense and prosecution.

Root Knowledge

Knowing the root F-R-D helps you connect it to 'assumption'. It helps you build a mental map of related words.

News Keywords

When you hear 'farḍiyya' on the news, listen for the result: was it 'ithbāt' (proven) or 'daḥḍ' (refuted)?

Mnemonic

Farḍiyya = 'Far-out idea'. It's not a fact yet, it's still far out there being tested.

Academic Connectives

Use 'bina'an ʿalā al-farḍiyya' (based on the hypothesis) to link your ideas in a logical sequence.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of 'Far' (away) and 'Diyya' (idea). A hypothesis is a 'Far-Idea'—something that is not here yet as a fact, but we are reaching for it.

Association visuelle

Imagine a scientist holding a lightbulb that is only half-lit. This represents the 'farḍiyya'—the idea is there, but it needs the power of evidence to fully shine.

Word Web

Science Logic Lab Testing Evidence Research Possibility Assumption

Défi

Try to write three sentences about a mystery in your house (like missing keys) using the word 'farḍiyya' to explain what you think happened.

Origine du mot

The word comes from the Arabic root F-R-D (ف ر ض). This root historically relates to cutting, notch-making, or assigning a fixed portion.

Sens originel : Originally, 'faraḍa' meant to notch or cut into something. This evolved into the concept of 'assigning' or 'imposing' a duty or a fixed value.

Semitic (Afroasiatic)

Contexte culturel

No specific sensitivities. It is a neutral, academic term.

Hypothesis is a Greek-rooted word. Farḍiyya is purely Arabic-rooted, showing how different linguistic traditions handle scientific terminology.

Ibn al-Haytham's 'Book of Optics' (Kitāb al-Manāẓir) uses early forms of hypothetical reasoning. Modern Arabic news channels (Al Jazeera, Al Arabiya) use 'farḍiyya' daily in investigative reporting. Arabic translations of Sherlock Holmes use 'farḍiyya' for his deductions.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Science Laboratory

اختبار الفرضية
النتائج تدعم الفرضية
تعديل الفرضية
الفرضية الصفرية

University Lecture

صياغة الفرضية
الفرضية القائلة بأن
نقد الفرضية
تاريخ الفرضية

Business Strategy

فرضية عمل
بناءً على الفرضية
اختبار فرضية السوق
فرضية النمو

Legal Investigation

فرضية الحادث
دحض فرضية الدفاع
فرضية الجريمة
البحث في الفرضيات

Daily Intellectual Debate

مجرد فرضية
فرضية منطقية
أنا أطرح فرضية
هل هذه فرضية؟

Amorces de conversation

"ما هي الفرضية الأساسية التي تعتمد عليها في بحثك؟"

"هل تعتقد أن هذه الفرضية منطقية في ظل الظروف الحالية؟"

"كيف يمكننا اختبار هذه الفرضية بطريقة عملية وسريعة؟"

"لماذا رفض العلماء الفرضية السابقة رغم قوتها؟"

"هل لديك فرضية بديلة لتفسير هذه الظاهرة الغريبة؟"

Sujets d'écriture

اكتب عن فرضية علمية غيرت العالم وكيف تم إثباتها.

تخيل أنك محقق، ما هي فرضيتك حول اختفاء مفاتيحك المفقودة؟

ناقش الفرق بين الفرضية والحقيقة في حياتك اليومية.

اكتب عن فرضية عمل تتبعها حالياً في تعلم اللغة العربية.

هل هناك فرضية كنت تؤمن بها ثم اكتشفت أنها خاطئة؟

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

Rarely. It is mostly used in intellectual or professional settings. In daily life, people use 'iftirāḍ' or 'takhmin' for guesses.

The plural is 'farḍiyyāt' (فرضيات). It follows the regular feminine plural pattern.

No. For religious duties, use 'farḍ' (singular) or 'farā'iḍ' (plural). Using 'farḍiyya' would sound like you are calling the duty a 'guess'.

It is 'al-farḍiyya al-ṣifriyya' (الفرضية الصفرية). It is a key term in statistics.

The noun 'farḍiyya' is always feminine. The related adjective 'farḍī' (hypothetical) has a masculine form.

The most common are 'waḍaʿa' (to put/formulate), 'ikhtabara' (to test), and 'athbata' (to prove).

Yes, in geometry or logic, it can refer to the 'given' or the 'premise' of a proof.

It is 'farḍiyyat ʿamal' (فرضية عمل). It is very common in research and business.

The root is ancient, but the specific term 'farḍiyya' for 'scientific hypothesis' is a Modern Standard Arabic development.

The opposite is 'ḥaqīqa' (fact) or 'yaqīn' (certainty).

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