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A2 pronoun 12 min de lecture

آن‌ها

aanhaa
Exemples آن‌ها en 30 secondes
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Exemples

آن‌ها en 30 secondes

  • Third-person plural pronoun: 'They', 'them'.
  • Refers to multiple people or things.
  • Used as both subject and object.
  • Requires plural verb agreement.
Pronoun Type
Personal Pronoun (Third-Person Plural)
English Equivalents
They, them
Core Meaning
Refers to a group of people or things previously mentioned or understood. It is used as both the subject and the object of a sentence.

The Persian word 'آن‌ها' (ānhā) is a fundamental pronoun that plays a crucial role in referring to multiple entities. It is the direct equivalent of the English pronouns 'they' and 'them' when speaking about more than one person or object. Understanding 'آن‌ها' is essential for constructing grammatically correct and natural-sounding Persian sentences, especially as you move beyond basic singular subjects. It allows for efficient communication by avoiding the repetition of nouns. For instance, instead of saying 'The students are here. The students are happy,' you would use 'آن‌ها' to say 'The students are here. They are happy.' This pronoun is versatile and can refer to both animate beings and inanimate objects, making it indispensable in everyday conversation and writing. Its usage is consistent whether it's acting as the subject performing an action or the object receiving an action, simplifying sentence structure significantly. Mastering 'آن‌ها' unlocks the ability to discuss groups and plural subjects with ease, forming the backbone of compound sentences and more complex thoughts. This pronoun is encountered in virtually all forms of Persian communication, from casual chats among friends to formal speeches and written texts.

کتاب‌ها روی میز هستند. آن‌ها سنگین هستند.

The books are on the table. They are heavy.

من دوستانم را دیدم. آن‌ها در پارک بودند.

I saw my friends. They were in the park.

شما این سیب‌ها را دوست دارید؟ بله، آن‌ها خیلی خوشمزه هستند.

Do you like these apples? Yes, they are very delicious.

In this example, 'آن‌ها' refers to 'این سیب‌ها' (these apples), demonstrating its applicability to plural nouns. The pronoun helps to avoid redundancy, making the conversation flow more smoothly. It's a common structure to introduce a plural noun and then use 'آن‌ها' to provide further information about it. This is a key element in building more complex sentences and expressing relationships between different parts of a discourse. The flexibility of 'آن‌ها' extends to various grammatical contexts, making it a cornerstone of Persian proficiency. Without it, expressing ideas about multiple subjects would become cumbersome and repetitive, hindering effective communication. Therefore, dedicating time to understand and practice its usage is a highly beneficial step for any Persian learner. The pronoun's role in subject-verb agreement and its position within a sentence are also important aspects to consider as you progress. Its presence in spoken and written Persian is pervasive, so recognizing it and using it correctly will significantly boost your comprehension and expression abilities.

Subject Pronoun
When 'آن‌ها' is performing the action, it acts as the subject.
Object Pronoun
When 'آن‌ها' is receiving the action, it acts as the object. In Persian, the object pronoun is often the same as the subject pronoun, but it can sometimes be followed by particles like 'را' (rā) depending on the verb and context, though for 'آن‌ها' it's less common to see 'آن‌ها را' directly; often it's implied or a different construction is used. However, in simple sentences, it directly follows the verb or is placed before it for emphasis.

Using 'آن‌ها' correctly involves understanding its placement and function within a sentence. As a subject, it typically precedes the verb, just like any other subject. For example, in the sentence 'آن‌ها می‌خوانند' (ānhā mikhānand), 'آن‌ها' is the subject, and 'می‌خوانند' (they are reading) is the verb. The verb conjugation in Persian must agree in number with the subject, so for 'آن‌ها', the verb will always be in the third-person plural form. This is a critical grammatical point. When 'آن‌ها' functions as an object, its placement can be more flexible, often appearing after the verb or even before it for emphasis. However, Persian grammar doesn't always use a direct object marker like 'را' (rā) with pronouns in the same way it does with definite nouns. For instance, 'من آن‌ها را دیدم' (man ānhā rā didam - I saw them) is grammatically correct, but often in spoken Persian, the 'را' might be omitted or a slightly different phrasing might be preferred depending on the verb. A more common way to express 'them' as an object might be implied or through a different sentence structure. For example, if you are talking about giving something to a group of people, you might say 'من به آن‌ها دادم' (man be ānhā dādam - I gave to them), where 'به' (be - to) is used. The key takeaway is that 'آن‌ها' itself is the pronoun for 'they' and 'them,' and its grammatical role is determined by its position and the surrounding words.

معلمان در کلاس هستند. آن‌ها درس می‌دهند.

The teachers are in the classroom. They are teaching.

من دیروز بچه‌ها را دیدم. آن‌ها بازی می‌کردند.

I saw the children yesterday. They were playing.

این ماشین‌ها خیلی گران هستند. آیا شما آن‌ها را می‌خرید؟

These cars are very expensive. Are you buying them?

Here, 'آن‌ها' functions as the object of the verb 'می‌خرید' (are buying), and it is followed by the object marker 'را' (rā). This construction is common when referring to definite plural objects. It's important to note that while 'آن‌ها' can be an object, the presence or absence of 'را' depends on the verb and the specific context. Some verbs inherently take direct objects without 'را', while others require it. For learners, it's beneficial to observe how native speakers use 'آن‌ها' in various sentence structures. Pay attention to whether it appears before or after the verb, and whether 'را' is used. This will help you internalize the nuances of its grammatical behavior. The goal is to move beyond simply translating 'they' or 'them' and to understand how this pronoun integrates naturally into the flow of Persian sentences. Practicing with different verb types and sentence structures will solidify your understanding and improve your fluency.

Everyday Conversations
Used constantly when referring to groups of people, family members, friends, colleagues, or even strangers.
Media and Entertainment
Found in movies, TV shows, books, and songs when discussing characters or events involving multiple individuals or entities.
News and Formal Settings
Heard in news reports, political discussions, academic lectures, and official announcements when referring to groups of people, organizations, or nations.

The word 'آن‌ها' (ānhā) is ubiquitous in the Persian language, appearing in virtually every context where plural subjects or objects are discussed. You will hear it constantly in casual conversations. Imagine friends discussing their weekend plans: 'ما دیروز رفتیم سینما. فیلم خیلی خوبی بود. آن‌ها هم آنجا بودند.' (We went to the cinema yesterday. The movie was very good. They were also there.) Here, 'آن‌ها' could refer to other friends, family members, or even other people at the cinema. In family gatherings, someone might say, 'پدر و مادرم امروز می‌آیند. آن‌ها از شهر دیگر می‌آیند.' (My parents are coming today. They are coming from another city.) This demonstrates its use for referring to specific individuals who form a group.

در اخبار شنیدم که آن‌ها توافق جدیدی امضا کرده‌اند.

I heard on the news that they have signed a new agreement.

کودکان در باغ هستند. آن‌ها در حال بازی و دویدن هستند.

The children are in the garden. They are playing and running.

In media, such as movies or books, 'آن‌ها' is used extensively. For example, a narrator might say, 'گروهی از سربازان به سمت قلعه حرکت کردند. آن‌ها بسیار مصمم به نظر می‌رسیدند.' (A group of soldiers moved towards the castle. They seemed very determined.) This pronoun seamlessly connects sentences and ideas, making narratives flow naturally. Even when referring to inanimate objects in plural, 'آن‌ها' is used. For instance, 'این ساختمان‌ها قدیمی هستند. آن‌ها نیاز به بازسازی دارند.' (These buildings are old. They need renovation.) The prevalence of 'آن‌ها' means that recognizing it is key to understanding spoken and written Persian. Its consistent usage across formal and informal settings makes it a reliable pronoun to master. Actively listening for 'آن‌ها' in Persian media or conversations will greatly enhance your familiarity with its natural application.

Using Singular for Plural
Confusing 'او' (u - he/she/it) or other singular pronouns with 'آن‌ها'.
Incorrect Verb Agreement
Using a singular verb form with 'آن‌ها' instead of the required third-person plural verb.
Overuse of 'را' (rā)
Incorrectly adding 'را' after 'آن‌ها' when it's not grammatically necessary, or omitting it when it is required.

One of the most frequent errors for learners is the confusion between singular and plural pronouns. Persian has distinct pronouns for singular (like 'او' - u, meaning he/she/it) and plural (like 'آن‌ها' - ānhā, meaning they/them). A common mistake is to use 'او' when referring to a group of people or things. For instance, saying 'او آمدند' (u āmadand - he/she came) instead of 'آن‌ها آمدند' (ānhā āmadand - they came) is grammatically incorrect. This error stems from direct translation from languages where the distinction might be less explicit or structured differently. Another significant mistake relates to verb agreement. In Persian, the verb must agree in number and person with its subject. If you use 'آن‌ها' as the subject, the verb must be in the third-person plural form. For example, the verb 'رفتن' (raftan - to go) conjugated for 'آن‌ها' is 'رفتند' (raftand). Using 'آن‌ها رفت' (ānhā raft - they went, singular verb) is a common error. Learners might also struggle with the object marker 'را' (rā). While 'آن‌ها' can function as an object, its use with 'را' requires careful attention. For example, 'من آن‌ها را دیدم' (man ānhā rā didam - I saw them) is correct. However, incorrectly adding 'را' when 'آن‌ها' is the subject, or omitting it when it's needed for a direct object, can lead to awkward or incorrect sentences. For example, 'آن‌ها را رفتند' (ānhā rā raftand) is incorrect because 'آن‌ها' is the subject here. Conversely, omitting 'را' when it's needed for a direct object, like 'من آن‌ها دیدم' (man ānhā didam) instead of 'من آن‌ها را دیدم', can sometimes sound less formal or even incorrect depending on the verb. It's crucial to remember that 'را' typically marks a definite direct object. Therefore, when 'آن‌ها' is the direct object, 'را' is often used. When it is the subject, 'را' is not used.

اشتباه: او آمدند.

صحیح: آن‌ها آمدند.

Mistake: He/She came. Correct: They came.

اشتباه: بچه‌ها غذا خورد.

صحیح: بچه‌ها غذا خوردند. (اگر منظور 'آن‌ها' باشد، فعل باید جمع باشد.)

Mistake: The children ate food. Correct: The children ate food. (If referring to 'them', the verb must be plural.)

Another common pitfall is the usage of 'را' with 'آن‌ها'. For instance, incorrectly saying 'آن‌ها را دوست دارم' (ānhā rā dust dāram - they them like) might happen if one tries to force the 'را' onto the subject. The correct form is 'آن‌ها را دوست دارم' (ānhā rā dust dāram - I like them), where 'آن‌ها' is the object. When 'آن‌ها' is the subject, 'را' is not used. For example, 'آن‌ها آمدند' (ānhā āmadand - They came) is correct, not 'آن‌ها را آمدند'. Understanding the subject-object distinction and the role of 'را' is crucial. Pay close attention to how native speakers use this pronoun in different sentence constructions. Observing these patterns will help you avoid these common errors and use 'آن‌ها' more accurately and naturally in your own Persian.

'ایشان' (Ishān)
More formal and respectful third-person plural pronoun. Often used for esteemed individuals or in formal writing. Can also mean 'they' but carries a higher degree of politeness.
'آنها' (ānhā) vs. 'ایشان' (Ishān)
'آن‌ها' is the standard, neutral pronoun for 'they/them'. 'ایشان' is more formal and respectful, often used for elders, respected figures, or in very formal contexts. For general use, 'آن‌ها' is preferred.
'ایشان' (Ishān) as Singular Respectful
Interestingly, 'ایشان' can also be used as a singular, highly respectful pronoun, equivalent to 'he/she' in a very formal manner. This dual usage adds a layer of complexity.

While 'آن‌ها' (ānhā) is the most common and versatile pronoun for 'they' and 'them', Persian offers alternatives depending on the level of formality and respect. The primary alternative is 'ایشان' (ishān). 'ایشان' is considered more formal and respectful than 'آن‌ها'. It is often used when referring to elders, respected figures like teachers or leaders, or in formal written contexts such as official documents or academic papers. For example, if you are talking about a group of respected scholars, you might say, 'استادان مقالات جدیدی منتشر کردند. ایشان در این زمینه پیشگام هستند.' (The professors published new articles. They are pioneers in this field.) In contrast, if you were discussing a group of friends, 'آن‌ها' would be the natural choice: 'دوستانم امروز می‌آیند. آن‌ها را شام دعوت کرده‌ام.' (My friends are coming today. I have invited them to dinner.)

مقایسه:

بی‌تفاوت: آن‌ها در جلسه بودند.

محترمانه: ایشان در جلسه بودند.

Comparison: Neutral: They were in the meeting. Respectful: They were in the meeting.

مثال با 'آن‌ها' (عمومی):

دانشجویان در راهرو ایستاده بودند. آن‌ها منتظر استاد بودند.

Example with 'آن‌ها' (General): The students were standing in the hallway. They were waiting for the professor.

It's also worth noting that sometimes, especially in informal spoken Persian, the pronoun might be omitted if it's clear from the context who is being referred to. However, this is more advanced and relies heavily on conversational cues. For learners, sticking to 'آن‌ها' for general plural reference and 'ایشان' for respectful plural reference is the safest and most effective strategy. Understanding the context is key to choosing the appropriate pronoun. When in doubt, 'آن‌ها' is almost always a safe bet for referring to multiple people or things. The distinction between 'آن‌ها' and 'ایشان' highlights the importance of social context and politeness in Persian communication. Mastering this distinction will significantly enhance your ability to communicate appropriately in different social settings.

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Exemples par niveau

1

آن‌ها بچه‌ها هستند.

They are children.

'آن‌ها' is used here as the subject referring to a group of children.

2

کتاب‌ها آنجا هستند.

The books are there.

'آن‌ها' is implied as the subject referring to 'کتاب‌ها' (books) which are inanimate plural.

3

من آن‌ها را دیدم.

I saw them.

'آن‌ها' functions as the object, preceded by the object marker 'را'.

4

آن‌ها خوشحالند.

They are happy.

'آن‌ها' is the subject, and the verb 'خوشحالند' (are happy) agrees in plural.

5

این‌ها گل‌ها هستند. آن‌ها زیبا هستند.

These are flowers. They are beautiful.

'آن‌ها' refers back to 'گل‌ها' (flowers), acting as the subject of the second sentence.

6

آن‌ها در خانه هستند.

They are at home.

'آن‌ها' as the subject indicating location.

7

من آن‌ها را دوست دارم.

I like them.

'آن‌ها' as the object of the verb 'دوست دارم' (like).

8

آن‌ها می‌روند.

They are going.

'آن‌ها' as the subject of the verb 'می‌روند' (are going).

1

دوستان من در شهر زندگی می‌کنند. آن‌ها کار خوبی دارند.

My friends live in the city. They have a good job.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'دوستان من' (my friends) and acts as the subject of the second sentence.

2

ما دیروز به بازار رفتیم. ما میوه‌های زیادی خریدیم. آن‌ها تازه بودند.

We went to the market yesterday. We bought many fruits. They were fresh.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'میوه‌ها' (fruits) and acts as the subject of the third sentence.

3

این ماشین‌ها قدیمی هستند. آیا شما آن‌ها را می‌فروشید؟

These cars are old. Are you selling them?

'آن‌ها' acts as the object of the verb 'می‌فروشید' (selling), marked by 'را'.

4

معلمان درس را توضیح دادند. آن‌ها صبور بودند.

The teachers explained the lesson. They were patient.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'معلمان' (teachers) and is the subject of the second sentence.

5

من نامه‌هایم را نوشتم. آن‌ها را به پست دادم.

I wrote my letters. I gave them to the post office.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'نامه‌هایم' (my letters) and acts as the object of the verb 'دادم' (gave).

6

کودکان در پارک بازی می‌کنند. آن‌ها بسیار شاد هستند.

The children are playing in the park. They are very happy.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'کودکان' (children) and is the subject of the second sentence.

7

این کتاب‌ها را خوانده‌اید؟ بله، آن‌ها جالب هستند.

Have you read these books? Yes, they are interesting.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'این کتاب‌ها' (these books) and is the subject of the second sentence.

8

آن‌ها در مورد آینده صحبت می‌کنند.

They are talking about the future.

'آن‌ها' is the subject of the verb 'صحبت می‌کنند' (are talking).

1

دولت اعلام کرد که تعرفه‌ها افزایش خواهند یافت. آن‌ها معتقدند این اقدام ضروری است.

The government announced that tariffs will increase. They believe this measure is necessary.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'دولت' (government) and functions as the subject of the second sentence.

2

این شرکت محصولات جدیدی را معرفی کرده است. آن‌ها امیدوارند که با استقبال روبرو شوند.

This company has introduced new products. They hope to be welcomed.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'این شرکت' (this company) and is the subject of the second sentence.

3

من دیروز با همکارانم جلسه داشتم. ما در مورد پروژه جدید بحث کردیم. آن‌ها ایده‌های خوبی داشتند.

I had a meeting with my colleagues yesterday. We discussed the new project. They had good ideas.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'همکارانم' (my colleagues) and is the subject of the third sentence.

4

این ساختمان‌ها متعلق به قرن هجدهم هستند. آن‌ها میراث فرهنگی محسوب می‌شوند.

These buildings belong to the 18th century. They are considered cultural heritage.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'این ساختمان‌ها' (these buildings) and is the subject of the second sentence.

5

سیاستمداران در مورد این موضوع بحث می‌کنند. آیا شما آن‌ها را دنبال می‌کنید؟

The politicians are debating this issue. Do you follow them?

'آن‌ها' refers to 'سیاستمداران' (politicians) and acts as the object of the verb 'دنبال می‌کنید' (follow).

6

دانشجویان در کتابخانه مطالعه می‌کنند. آن‌ها برای امتحانات آماده می‌شوند.

The students are studying in the library. They are preparing for exams.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'دانشجویان' (students) and is the subject of the second sentence.

7

بازیکنان تیم فوتبال بسیار پرتلاش بودند. آن‌ها توانستند بازی را ببرند.

The football team players were very hardworking. They managed to win the game.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'بازیکنان تیم فوتبال' (the football team players) and is the subject of the second sentence.

8

مردم در مورد تغییرات آب و هوایی نگران هستند. آن‌ها خواستار اقدام فوری هستند.

People are concerned about climate change. They demand immediate action.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'مردم' (people) and is the subject of the second sentence.

1

محققان نتایج امیدوارکننده‌ای را در تحقیقات خود یافته‌اند. آن‌ها معتقدند که این یافته‌ها می‌تواند به درمان بیماری کمک کند.

Researchers have found promising results in their studies. They believe these findings can help cure the disease.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'محققان' (researchers) and acts as the subject of the second sentence.

2

کشورهای صادرکننده نفت تصمیم گرفتند تولید خود را کاهش دهند. آن‌ها امیدوارند که قیمت‌ها را افزایش دهند.

Oil-exporting countries decided to reduce their production. They hope to increase prices.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'کشورهای صادرکننده نفت' (oil-exporting countries) and is the subject of the second sentence.

3

این رمان به موضوعات پیچیده‌ای می‌پردازد. خوانندگان اغلب با شخصیت‌های آن همذات‌پنداری می‌کنند.

This novel deals with complex themes. Readers often empathize with its characters.

'آن' (singular possessive 'its') is used here, but if referring to multiple characters, 'آن‌ها' would be used to refer to the characters themselves.

4

هنرمندان در حال آماده‌سازی آثار خود برای نمایشگاه هستند. آن‌ها منتظر بازدیدکنندگان هستند.

The artists are preparing their works for the exhibition. They are waiting for visitors.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'هنرمندان' (artists) and is the subject of the second sentence.

5

من با گروهی از فعالان محیط زیست صحبت کردم. آن‌ها پروژه‌های زیادی را در دست اجرا دارند.

I spoke with a group of environmental activists. They have many projects underway.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'فعالان محیط زیست' (environmental activists) and is the subject of the second sentence.

6

شرکت‌های فناوری در حال توسعه هوش مصنوعی هستند. آن‌ها معتقدند که این فناوری آینده را متحول خواهد کرد.

Technology companies are developing artificial intelligence. They believe this technology will revolutionize the future.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'شرکت‌های فناوری' (technology companies) and is the subject of the second sentence.

7

این بناهای تاریخی بخشی از میراث جهانی هستند. آن‌ها باید حفظ شوند.

These historical monuments are part of world heritage. They must be preserved.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'این بناهای تاریخی' (these historical monuments) and is the subject of the second sentence.

8

معلمان در تلاشند تا دانش‌آموزان را به یادگیری علاقه‌مند کنند. آن‌ها از روش‌های نوین استفاده می‌کنند.

Teachers are trying to interest students in learning. They use modern methods.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'معلمان' (teachers) and is the subject of the second sentence.

1

جامعه بین‌المللی خواستار توقف فوری درگیری‌ها شده است. آن‌ها بر لزوم راه‌حل‌های دیپلماتیک تأکید دارند.

The international community has called for an immediate cessation of hostilities. They emphasize the need for diplomatic solutions.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'جامعه بین‌المللی' (the international community) and is the subject of the second sentence.

2

این جنبش‌های اجتماعی اغلب با مقاومت‌های قابل توجهی روبرو می‌شوند. با این حال، آن‌ها به مبارزه خود ادامه می‌دهند.

These social movements often face significant resistance. Nevertheless, they continue their struggle.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'جنبش‌های اجتماعی' (social movements) and is the subject of the second sentence.

3

اقتصاددانان پیش‌بینی می‌کنند که تورم در سال آینده کاهش یابد. آن‌ها این روند را نشانه ثبات اقتصادی می‌دانند.

Economists predict that inflation will decrease next year. They consider this trend a sign of economic stability.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'اقتصاددانان' (economists) and is the subject of the second sentence.

4

کشورهای در حال توسعه به دنبال راه‌هایی برای کاهش وابستگی خود به سوخت‌های فسیلی هستند. آن‌ها سرمایه‌گذاری زیادی بر روی انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر انجام می‌دهند.

Developing countries are looking for ways to reduce their dependence on fossil fuels. They are making significant investments in renewable energy.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'کشورهای در حال توسعه' (developing countries) and is the subject of the second sentence.

5

من با گروهی از مورخان درباره اهمیت این اسناد صحبت کردم. آن‌ها معتقدند که این اسناد دیدگاه‌های جدیدی را آشکار می‌کنند.

I spoke with a group of historians about the importance of these documents. They believe these documents reveal new perspectives.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'مورخان' (historians) and is the subject of the second sentence.

6

این گونه‌های جانوری در معرض خطر انقراض قرار دارند. آن‌ها نیازمند حفاظت فوری هستند.

These animal species are at risk of extinction. They require immediate protection.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'این گونه‌های جانوری' (these animal species) and is the subject of the second sentence.

7

فرهنگ‌های بومی در سراسر جهان با چالش‌های متعددی روبرو هستند. آن‌ها تلاش می‌کنند تا هویت خود را حفظ کنند.

Indigenous cultures worldwide face numerous challenges. They strive to preserve their identity.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'فرهنگ‌های بومی' (indigenous cultures) and is the subject of the second sentence.

8

این فناوری‌های نوین پتانسیل ایجاد تغییرات گسترده‌ای را دارند. آن‌ها می‌توانند نحوه زندگی ما را دگرگون کنند.

These new technologies have the potential to create widespread changes. They can transform the way we live.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'این فناوری‌های نوین' (these new technologies) and is the subject of the second sentence.

1

رهبران جهان در اجلاس سران گرد هم آمدند تا در مورد مسائل حیاتی جهانی بحث کنند. آن‌ها بر ضرورت همکاری‌های چندجانبه تأکید ورزیدند.

World leaders convened at the summit to discuss critical global issues. They underscored the imperative of multilateral cooperation.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'رهبران جهان' (world leaders) and acts as the subject of the second sentence.

2

این جنبش‌های اعتراضی، که ریشه در نارضایتی‌های عمیق اجتماعی دارند، اغلب با واکنش‌های شدیدی از سوی نهادهای قدرت مواجه می‌شوند. با این وجود، آن‌ها به پیشبرد اهداف خود مصمم هستند.

These protest movements, rooted in deep social grievances, often encounter severe reactions from authorities. Nevertheless, they remain resolute in advancing their objectives.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'جنبش‌های اعتراضی' (protest movements) and is the subject of the second sentence.

3

نظریه‌های اقتصادی متعددی برای تبیین نوسانات بازار سهام ارائه شده است. آن‌ها اغلب بر عوامل متفاوتی تمرکز دارند، از جمله انتظارات سرمایه‌گذاران و شرایط کلان اقتصادی.

Numerous economic theories have been proposed to explain stock market fluctuations. They often focus on different factors, including investor expectations and macroeconomic conditions.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'نظریه‌های اقتصادی' (economic theories) and is the subject of the second sentence.

4

کشورهای توسعه‌یافته با چالش‌های جمعیتی نوینی روبرو هستند، از جمله پیری جمعیت و کاهش نرخ زاد و ولد. آن‌ها در حال بررسی راهکارهایی برای مدیریت این تحولات هستند.

Developed countries are facing novel demographic challenges, including population aging and declining birth rates. They are exploring strategies to manage these transitions.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'کشورهای توسعه‌یافته' (developed countries) and is the subject of the second sentence.

5

من با گروهی از باستان‌شناسان که در حال کاوش یک سایت باستانی بودند، گفتگو کردم. آن‌ها معتقدند که این اکتشافات می‌تواند درک ما را از تمدن‌های گذشته به طور اساسی تغییر دهد.

I conversed with a group of archaeologists excavating an ancient site. They believe these discoveries could fundamentally alter our understanding of past civilizations.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'باستان‌شناسان' (archaeologists) and is the subject of the second sentence.

6

این گونه‌های نادر گیاهی، که در اکوسیستم‌های خاصی یافت می‌شوند، به شدت در معرض تهدیدات زیست‌محیطی قرار دارند. آن‌ها نیازمند اقدامات حفاظتی فوری و هدفمند هستند.

These rare plant species, found in specific ecosystems, are severely threatened by environmental dangers. They require immediate and targeted conservation efforts.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'این گونه‌های نادر گیاهی' (these rare plant species) and is the subject of the second sentence.

7

فرهنگ‌های زبانی در حال تکامل مستمر هستند و تحت تأثیر عوامل متعددی قرار می‌گیرند. آن‌ها تلاش می‌کنند تا زبان و میراث خود را در دنیای مدرن حفظ کنند.

Linguistic cultures are in constant evolution, influenced by numerous factors. They strive to maintain their language and heritage in the modern world.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'فرهنگ‌های زبانی' (linguistic cultures) and is the subject of the second sentence.

8

پیشرفت‌های چشمگیر در حوزه فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات، پتانسیل دگرگونی عمیقی در ساختارهای اجتماعی و اقتصادی را به همراه داشته است. آن‌ها می‌توانند نحوه تعامل، کار و زندگی ما را به طور اساسی بازتعریف کنند.

Significant advancements in information and communication technology have brought about the potential for profound transformations in social and economic structures. They can fundamentally redefine how we interact, work, and live.

'آن‌ها' refers to 'پیشرفت‌های چشمگیر در حوزه فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات' (significant advancements in information and communication technology) and is the subject of the second sentence.

Collocations courantes

آن‌ها آمدند
آن‌ها هستند
آن‌ها می‌گویند
آن‌ها دارند
آن‌ها کار می‌کنند
آن‌ها رفتند
آن‌ها می‌دانند
آن‌ها می‌خورند
آن‌ها می‌بینند
آن‌ها می‌خرند

Phrases Courantes

آن‌ها اینجا هستند.

— They are here. Used to indicate the presence of a group.

بچه‌ها به خانه رسیدند. آن‌ها اینجا هستند و منتظر شام هستند.

آن‌ها آنجا هستند.

— They are there. Used to indicate the presence of a group at a location away from the speaker.

دوستانم در پارک منتظرند. آن‌ها آنجا هستند و منتظر من هستند.

آن‌ها چه کسانی هستند؟

— Who are they? Used to ask for the identity of a group of people.

این افراد غریبه هستند. آن‌ها چه کسانی هستند؟

آن‌ها چه می‌خواهند؟

— What do they want? Used to inquire about the desires or intentions of a group.

مردم در حال اعتراض هستند. آن‌ها چه می‌خواهند؟

آن‌ها را ببین!

— Look at them! An exclamation to draw attention to a group.

کاروان ورزشی وارد شد. آن‌ها را ببین! چقدر باشکوه هستند.

آن‌ها را دوست دارم.

— I like them. Expressing affection or positive feelings towards a group.

این بچه‌ها خیلی بامزه هستند. من آن‌ها را دوست دارم.

آن‌ها را ندیدم.

— I didn't see them. Indicating the absence or lack of visual contact with a group.

من به موقع رسیدم، اما آن‌ها را ندیدم. شاید زودتر رفته باشند.

آن‌ها برای من هستند.

— They are for me. Indicates possession or belonging of something to a group.

این هدایا را آماده کرده‌ام. آن‌ها برای من هستند.

آن‌ها در حال انجام کاری هستند.

— They are doing something. A general statement indicating a group is engaged in an activity.

کارگران در ساختمان مشغولند. آن‌ها در حال انجام کاری هستند.

آن‌ها به من گفتند.

— They told me. Reporting information received from a group.

من منتظر خبر بودم. آن‌ها به من گفتند که همه چیز خوب است.

Expressions idiomatiques

"دلشان برای کسی/چیزی تنگ شده است"

— They miss someone/something. Literally 'their heart has become narrow for someone/something'.

خانواده‌ام در خارج از کشور زندگی می‌کنند. دلشان برای من تنگ شده است.

Informal
"دستشان درد نکند"

— May their hands not hurt. A polite expression of thanks for someone's effort or work.

شما این کار را به خوبی انجام دادید. دستتان درد نکند.

Informal/Polite
"چشمشان روشن!"

— May their eyes be bright! An expression of congratulations, often for a birth or a happy occasion.

فرزندتان به دنیا آمده است. چشمشان روشن!

Informal/Warm
"زبانشان لال"

— May their tongue be silenced! Used ironically or to ward off bad luck when talking about something negativ

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