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B1 adjective-na #4,000 le plus courant 8 min de lecture

密接

missetsu Top 4,000

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces 密接 en 30 secondes

Explication 密接 in your Level:

At the A1 level, the word '密接' (missetsu) might be a bit difficult because it is a formal word. However, you can think of it as a very strong 'near' or 'together.' Imagine two things that are always together, like bread and butter, or a mother and a baby. In A1, we usually use simple words like '近い' (chikai - near) or '一緒' (issho - together). '密接' is like saying they are 'stuck together' or 'very, very close.' You might see this word on signs in Japan that tell people not to stand too close to each other in a line. Even if you don't use it yet, remember that it means 'no gap' or 'very close connection.'

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For A2 learners, '密接' (missetsu) is a useful word to start recognizing in news or school settings. It is a 'na-adjective,' which means you use it like '密接な' (missetsu-na) before a noun. You will often see it with the word '関係' (kankei), which means 'relationship.' So, '密接な関係' means 'a very close relationship.' At this level, you can use it to describe how two things are related, like 'Food and health have a close relationship.' It sounds more professional than just saying 'Food is important for health.' It helps you start connecting ideas together in your Japanese sentences.

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At the B1 level, '密接' (missetsu) is an essential vocabulary item. You should be able to use it to describe logical connections and professional cooperation. It is often used as an adverb: '密接に' (missetsu-ni). For example, '密接に関係している' (is closely related). This is perfect for explaining topics like environmental issues, business partnerships, or social trends. You should also understand the difference between '密接' (structural closeness) and '親密' (emotional intimacy). B1 learners are expected to use '密接' to show they can discuss abstract concepts with more precision than a beginner.

B2 learners should use '密接' (missetsu) fluently in both writing and speaking. You should recognize its role in formal documents and academic essays. At this level, you might use it to describe complex systems, such as 'The economy and politics are closely intertwined' (経済と政治は密接に絡み合っている). You should also be aware of its usage in public health (like the 'Three Cs') and urban planning (densely packed buildings). B2 students should be able to choose between '密接', '緊密' (tight/tense closeness), and '密着' (physical sticking) based on the specific context of the sentence.

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At the C1 level, '密接' (missetsu) is a tool for nuanced analysis. You should understand its etymological roots (density + contact) and how it functions in high-level discourse. C1 learners use it to describe the symbiotic relationships in ecosystems, the intricate ties in international diplomacy, or the subtle correlations in scientific data. You should be able to use the word to critique or support complex arguments, such as 'The rise of social media is closely linked to the decline of traditional journalism.' At this level, the word is not just a vocabulary item but a way to structure sophisticated logical arguments.

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For C2 speakers, '密接' (missetsu) is used with absolute precision within various registers. You might encounter it in legal texts describing the 'close connection' required for a specific law to apply, or in philosophical treatises discussing the 'closeness' of mind and body. A C2 speaker understands the historical weight of the word and can use it in highly formal speeches or literary analysis. You can effortlessly distinguish it from similar high-level terms like '不即不離' (fusu-furi - a relationship that is neither too close nor too distant) and use '密接' to define the exact nature of a systemic bond.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

密接 en 30 secondes

Missetsu means 'close' or 'intimate' in a formal, structural sense, often describing relationships between abstract concepts or professional entities.
It is a na-adjective (密接な) and an adverb (密接に), frequently paired with words like 'relationship' (関係) or 'to relate' (関係する).
Unlike 'chikai' (physical distance) or 'shinmitsu' (emotional intimacy), missetsu implies a logical, functional, or systemic bond between two things.
Commonly used in news, academic writing, and business to discuss correlations, cooperation, and social distancing (avoiding close-contact settings).

The Japanese word 密接 (missetsu) is a highly versatile na-adjective and noun that fundamentally describes a state of being 'closely connected' or 'intimately related.' While it can refer to physical proximity, its most common application in modern Japanese is to describe abstract relationships, logical correlations, or systemic dependencies. When you use 密接, you are suggesting that two or more things are so intertwined that one cannot be fully understood or influenced without considering the other. It implies a degree of density and contact that goes beyond a mere 'connection' (関係).

Conceptual Depth: The first kanji, 密 (mitsu), signifies density, secrecy, or meticulousness. The second kanji, 接 (setsu), means to touch, connect, or come into contact. Together, they form a word that implies 'dense contact' or a 'tight-knit' bond. In a societal context, this word gained significant prominence during the COVID-19 pandemic as part of the 'Three Cs' (三密 - San-mitsu), specifically referring to 'close-contact' settings (密接場面).
Professional Usage: In business and academia, 密接 is the go-to term for describing the synergy between departments, the correlation between data sets, or the historical ties between nations. It carries a formal tone that suggests a serious, structural, or inevitable link rather than a casual friendship.

食生活と健康は密接に関係している。
(Dietary habits and health are closely related.)

One must distinguish 密接 from its cousin 親密 (shinmitsu). While both involve closeness, 親密 is almost exclusively reserved for emotional intimacy between people—like lovers or best friends. In contrast, 密接 is broader; it can describe the 'close relationship' between inflation and interest rates, or the 'close cooperation' between two tech companies. It is the language of systems, logic, and structural bonds.

両国は経済的に密接な繋がりを持っている。
(Both countries have a close economic connection.)

In terms of physical space, 密接 suggests a lack of gap. In urban planning, buildings might be 'missetsu' (densely packed). In social distancing guidelines, 'missetsu' refers to being within arm's reach of others. However, in 90% of CEFR B1 level texts, you will encounter it describing the 'close relationship' (密接な関係) between two abstract concepts like 'culture and language' or 'exercise and mental health.'

Collocational Power: The word almost always appears as '密接な' (adjective) or '密接に' (adverb). You will rarely see it standing alone as a noun except in very technical reports. Using '密接に' followed by '関係する' (to relate) or '連携する' (to cooperate) is a hallmark of natural, advanced Japanese speech.

この問題は環境破壊と密接に結びついている。
(This problem is closely tied to environmental destruction.)

To use 密接 (missetsu) correctly, you must master its two primary grammatical roles: the na-adjective form and the adverbial form. Because it describes a state of relationship, it usually acts as a bridge between two nouns or as a modifier for a verb that describes interaction.

The 'Na-Adjective' Pattern (密接な + Noun): This is used to describe a noun that inherently involves a connection. The most common noun following 密接な is 関係 (kankei - relationship). Other common nouns include 繋がり (tsunagari - link), 連携 (renkei - cooperation), and 協力 (kyōryoku - collaboration).

教育と社会の発展には密接な関係がある。
(There is a close relationship between education and social development.)

The 'Adverbial' Pattern (密接に + Verb): When you want to describe *how* two things relate or work together, use the adverb 密接に. It frequently pairs with verbs like 関係する (to relate), 結びつく (to be tied to), 連携する (to cooperate), and 関わる (to be involved with).

地域住民と密接に協力して、祭りを成功させた。
(We cooperated closely with local residents to make the festival a success.)

A key aspect of using 密接 is the 'Particle Choice.' Usually, you are connecting 'A' and 'B'. You can use the particle と (with) or the pattern AとBは (A and B...). For example, 'AはBと密接に関係している' (A is closely related to B). This structure is essential for academic writing or news reporting.

科学技術の進歩は私たちの生活に密接に関わっている。
(Scientific progress is closely involved in our daily lives.)

In more advanced contexts, 密接 can describe physical density in a negative or technical sense. For example, in a forest where trees are planted too close together, one might say '木々が密接している' (The trees are crowded/closely spaced). However, for the B1 learner, focusing on 'relationships' and 'cooperation' will cover the vast majority of use cases.

Sentence Structure Breakdown: [Subject A] + は + [Subject B] + と + 密接な関係 + にある / がある。
[Subject A] + は + [Subject B] + と + 密接に + [Verb].

この二つの事件は密接に繋がっているようだ。
(These two incidents seem to be closely linked.)

While 密接 (missetsu) is not a word you would typically use to talk about your weekend plans with a friend, it is omnipresent in Japanese media, business, and education. Understanding its 'natural habitat' will help you recognize when it’s appropriate to use.

1. News and Documentaries: News anchors use 密接 to describe geopolitical tensions or economic trends. You might hear: '米中の経済は密接に絡み合っています' (The economies of the US and China are closely intertwined). It lends an air of objective analysis to the reporting.

地球温暖化は異常気象と密接に関係しています。
(Global warming is closely related to extreme weather.)

2. Business Meetings and Corporate Strategy: In a corporate setting, 密接 is used to emphasize synergy between departments or partnerships with other companies. A manager might say: '他部署と密接に連携をとる必要があります' (We need to coordinate closely with other departments). Here, it implies a constant flow of information and mutual support.

開発チームとデザインチームは密接に協力すべきだ。
(The development team and the design team should cooperate closely.)

3. Academic Textbooks and Lectures: If you are studying Japanese history, sociology, or science, you will encounter 密接 frequently. It describes the 'close link' between the industrial revolution and urbanization, or the 'close connection' between DNA and physical traits. It is a fundamental word for expressing causality and correlation.

言語と文化は密接な関係にあると言える。
(It can be said that language and culture are in a close relationship.)

In summary, listen for 密接 when someone is explaining 'how things work together' or analyzing the 'deep roots' of a situation. It’s a word of depth, analysis, and structural integrity. If you hear it, the speaker is likely moving beyond surface-level observations and into the core of how two things influence each other.

While 密接 (missetsu) is a powerful word, its formal and specific nature makes it easy for learners to misuse. Avoid these common pitfalls to ensure your Japanese sounds natural and precise.

1. Confusing 'Missetsu' with 'Chikai' (Physical Distance): Learners often think 密接 means 'near' or 'close' in a general sense. However, you cannot say '私の家は駅に密接です' (My house is 'missetsu' to the station). This sounds like your house is structurally fused to the station. For physical distance, always use 近い (chikai).

❌ 私の家は駅と密接だ。
✅ 私の家は駅に近い。

2. Confusing 'Missetsu' with 'Shinmitsu' (Personal Intimacy): If you want to say you are 'close' to a friend or a partner emotionally, use 親密 (shinmitsu) or 仲が良い (naka ga yoi). Using 密接 for a romantic relationship sounds like you are discussing a business merger or a biological symbiosis. It’s too cold and clinical for human emotions.

❌ 彼とは密接な友達だ。
✅ 彼とは親密な仲だ。

3. Overusing it in Casual Conversation: 密接 is a 'big' word. If you use it while talking about why you like a certain brand of coffee, it might sound overly dramatic or academic. Stick to 関係がある (kankei ga aru) or つながっている (tsunagatte iru) for everyday topics. Reserve 密接 for serious discussions, presentations, or writing.

❌ このコーヒーは朝の気分と密接に関係している。
✅ このコーヒーを飲むと、朝の気分が良くなる。

Finally, remember that 密接 is a na-adjective. A common grammatical error is forgetting the 'na' when modifying a noun (e.g., saying '密接関係' instead of '密接な関係'). While '密接関係' can exist in technical compound noun strings, '密接な関係' is the standard, natural way to express the idea in a sentence.

To truly master 密接 (missetsu), you need to know how it stacks up against other Japanese words for 'closeness' and 'connection.' Choosing the right synonym can drastically change the tone of your sentence.

密接 (Missetsu) vs. 親密 (Shinmitsu): 密接: Functional, structural, or logical closeness. Used for systems, economies, and data. (e.g., 密接な関係 - close relationship between concepts).
親密: Emotional, personal, and warm closeness. Used for friends, family, and lovers. (e.g., 親密な付き合い - intimate association).
密接 (Missetsu) vs. 密着 (Mitchaku): 密接: Close connection (can be abstract).
密着: Physical sticking or being glued together. Often used in journalism ('mitchaku shuzai' - close-up coverage where the reporter follows the subject everywhere) or for stickers/tape.
密接 (Missetsu) vs. 関連 (Kanren): 密接: Implies a very tight, inseparable bond.
関連: A general 'relation' or 'connection.' It is much weaker than 密接. If two things are 関連, they might just be loosely linked; if they are 密接, they are deeply intertwined.

Comparison Example:
1. AとBは関連している (A and B are related - general).
2. AとBは密接に関係している (A and B are closely related - deep/tight).

Other alternatives include 緊密 (kinmitsu), which is even more formal and often used for 'tight' security or 'close' diplomatic cooperation (e.g., 緊密な連携 - tight coordination). There is also 懇意 (kon'i), which is a formal way to say you are on friendly terms with someone in a professional context.

When in doubt, if you are describing how two important concepts (like 'poverty and crime' or 'marketing and sales') affect each other, 密接 is almost always the most sophisticated and accurate choice.

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

The kanji '密' (mitsu) was voted as the 'Kanji of the Year' in Japan in 2020 because of its association with the 'Three Cs' (San-mitsu) of pandemic safety.

Guide de prononciation

UK missetsu

US missetsu

Flat (Heiban) - The pitch stays relatively level throughout the word.

Rime avec

Kissetsu (Season - 季節) Setsetsu (Earnestly - 切切) Kessetsu (Nodule - 結節) Teisetsu (Established theory - 定説) Meisetsu (Clear explanation - 明説) Keisetsu (Diligence - 蛍雪) Reisetsu (Etiquette - 礼節) Hessetsu (Folding - 摺設)

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing it as 'misetsu' (forgetting the double S).
Over-emphasizing the 'u' in 'tsu'.
Confusing the pitch with 'misetsu' (unfinished/not yet established - different kanji).

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 3/5

The kanji are common but require attention to the 'mitsu' strokes.

Écriture 4/5

Writing '密' correctly can be tricky for intermediate learners.

Expression orale 3/5

Easy to pronounce, but requires knowing the right collocations.

Écoute 2/5

Distinct sound makes it easy to pick out in news broadcasts.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

関係 (Relationship) 近い (Near) 連絡 (Contact) 協力 (Cooperation) 結ぶ (To tie)

Apprends ensuite

相関 (Correlation) 連携 (Coordination) 付随 (Accompanying) 介入 (Intervention) 干渉 (Interference)

Avancé

不即不離 (Neither too close nor too far) 一蓮托生 (Sharing the same fate) 不可分 (Inseparable) 連環 (Chain/Linkage) 輻輳 (Convergence)

Grammaire à connaître

Na-Adjective Modification

密接な関係 (Missetsu-na kankei)

Adverbial 'ni' form

密接に関係する (Missetsu-ni kankei suru)

Particle 'to' for relationships

AはBと密接だ (A is close to B)

Compound Noun formation

密接関係 (Close relationship - formal)

State of being with 'ni aru'

密接な関係にある (To be in a close relationship)

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Exemples par niveau

人と人のきょりが密接です。

The distance between people is very close.

A1 focuses on the physical 'no gap' meaning.

この二つは密接な関係にあります。

These two have a close relationship.

Simple 'A and B' structure.

密接な場所に行かないでください。

Please do not go to crowded (close-contact) places.

Using 'missetsu-na' to modify 'basho' (place).

生活と水は密接です。

Life and water are closely connected.

Basic subject-wa-adjective structure.

密接に並んで座ります。

They sit closely side-by-side.

Adverbial 'ni' form showing how they sit.

家族は密接なつながりがあります。

Family has a close connection.

Introducing the noun 'tsunagari' (connection).

ビルが密接して立っています。

Buildings are standing close together.

Verb 'shite' form of missetsu-suru.

密接をさけましょう。

Let's avoid close contact.

Using 'missetsu' as a noun.

野菜を食べることは、健康と密接に関係しています。

Eating vegetables is closely related to health.

A2 level: connecting two common concepts.

この本は、日本の歴史と密接な関係があります。

This book has a close relationship with Japanese history.

Using 'missetsu-na kankei'.

二つの会社は密接に協力しています。

The two companies are cooperating closely.

Adverbial 'ni' with 'kyōryoku' (cooperation).

海と天気は密接につながっています。

The sea and the weather are closely linked.

Using 'tsunagatte iru' (is linked).

密接なコミュニケーションが大切です。

Close communication is important.

Modifying a loanword 'communication'.

動物と環境は密接に関わり合っています。

Animals and the environment are closely involved with each other.

Using 'kakawari-atte' (involved with each other).

この二つの問題は密接に結びついています。

These two problems are closely tied together.

Using 'musubitsuite iru' (tied together).

私たちの仕事は、ITと密接な関係にあります。

Our work is in a close relationship with IT.

Standard professional phrase.

経済の安定は、政治の安定と密接に関連している。

Economic stability is closely related to political stability.

B1: Using 'kanren shite iru' (is related).

地域社会と密接な連携を図ることが必要だ。

It is necessary to aim for close coordination with the local community.

Using 'renkei o hakaru' (aim for coordination).

その事件は、過去の犯罪と密接に結びついているようだ。

That incident seems to be closely tied to past crimes.

Speculative 'yōda' with 'missetsu ni'.

文化と教育は密接な相互作用を持っている。

Culture and education have a close interaction.

Using 'sōgo sayō' (interaction).

彼はそのプロジェクトに密接に関与している。

He is closely involved in that project.

Using 'kan'yo suru' (to be involved/participate).

この理論は、最新の研究結果と密接に一致している。

This theory matches the latest research results closely.

Using 'itchi suru' (to match/coincide).

農業と気候変動は密接に絡み合っている課題だ。

Agriculture and climate change are closely intertwined issues.

Using 'karami-atte iru' (intertwined).

両社は密接な提携関係を築いている。

Both companies have built a close partnership.

Using 'teikei kankei' (partnership).

この政策は、国民の生活水準と密接な相関関係がある。

This policy has a close correlation with the people's standard of living.

B2: Using 'sōkan kankei' (correlation).

都市部では住宅が密接して建てられており、防災上の課題となっている。

In urban areas, houses are built close together, posing a challenge for disaster prevention.

Physical density meaning used in a social context.

心理学と言語学は、認知科学という分野で密接に交差している。

Psychology and linguistics intersect closely in the field of cognitive science.

Using 'kōsa suru' (to intersect).

その伝統芸能は、宗教的儀式と密接に不可分の関係にある。

That traditional performing art is in an inseparable close relationship with religious rituals.

Using 'fukabun' (inseparable).

グローバル化により、各国の市場はより密接に依存し合っている。

Due to globalization, each country's markets depend on each other more closely.

Using 'izon shi-atte iru' (depend on each other).

この物質は、酸素と密接に反応する性質を持っている。

This substance has the property of reacting closely with oxygen.

Scientific usage.

警察は民間団体と密接に情報交換を行っている。

The police are closely exchanging information with private organizations.

Using 'jōhō kōkan' (information exchange).

彼の成功は、たゆまぬ努力と密接に裏打ちされている。

His success is closely backed by tireless effort.

Metaphorical usage: 'urauchi sareru' (to be backed/supported).

近代哲学の発展は、自然科学の台頭と密接に軌を一にしている。

The development of modern philosophy is closely aligned with the rise of natural science.

C1: Using 'ki o itsu ni shite iru' (to follow the same path/align).

生態系における種の多様性は、環境の安定性と密接な因果関係にある。

Species diversity in an ecosystem is in a close causal relationship with environmental stability.

Using 'inga kankei' (causal relationship).

その法案の成否は、与野党の密接な駆け引きに委ねられている。

The success or failure of that bill is left to the close maneuvering between the ruling and opposition parties.

Using 'kakehiki' (maneuvering/bargaining).

建築様式はその土地の気候風土と密接に照応している。

Architectural styles closely correspond to the climate and natural features of the land.

Using 'shōō shite iru' (correspond/resonate).

言論の自由は、民主主義の根幹と密接不可分な権利である。

Freedom of speech is a right that is closely and inseparably linked to the foundation of democracy.

Using 'missetsu fukabun' as a compound adjective.

この文学作品は、作者の実体験と密接に投映し合っている。

This literary work closely reflects (projects) the author's actual experiences.

Using 'tōei shi-atte iru' (reflecting/projecting each other).

都市の過密化は、感染症の拡大と密接な比例関係を示すことが多い。

Urban overcrowding often shows a close proportional relationship with the spread of infectious diseases.

Using 'hirei kankei' (proportional relationship).

企業の社会的責任は、ブランドイメージの構築と密接に連動している。

Corporate social responsibility is closely linked to the construction of brand image.

Using 'rendō shite iru' (linked/geared together).

存在論的な問いは、認識論の諸問題と密接に輻輳している。

Ontological questions are closely converged with various problems of epistemology.

C2: Using 'fukusō' (convergence/congestion of complex ideas).

国家主権の概念は、国際法の変遷と密接に連関しつつ再定義されてきた。

The concept of national sovereignty has been redefined while being closely interconnected with the transitions of international law.

Using 'renkan' (interconnection).

深層心理における葛藤は、身体的症状と密接に相関し、心身症を引き起こす。

Conflicts in the deep psyche correlate closely with physical symptoms, causing psychosomatic disorders.

Medical/Psychological precision.

資本の論理は、現代社会のあらゆる局面において密接に浸透している。

The logic of capital has closely permeated every aspect of modern society.

Using 'shintō shite iru' (permeated).

言語構造は人間の思考形態と密接に規定し合っているという仮説がある。

There is a hypothesis that linguistic structures and human thought patterns closely define each other.

Using 'kitei shi-atte iru' (defining each other).

この詩的言語は、沈黙の意味と密接に響き合っている。

This poetic language closely resonates with the meaning of silence.

Literary/Aesthetic usage: 'hibiki-atte iru' (resonating).

権力構造の維持は、情報の非対称性と密接に裏表の関係をなしている。

The maintenance of power structures is closely and inherently linked to information asymmetry.

Using 'ura-omote no kankei' (two sides of the same coin).

歴史的必然性は、個人の偶然の選択と密接に交錯しながら紡がれていく。

Historical necessity is spun while closely intersecting with the accidental choices of individuals.

Philosophical/Historical narrative style.

Synonymes

親密緊密深い関連した切り離せない

Antonymes

疎遠希薄無関係

Collocations courantes

密接な関係

密接に関係する

密接に連携する

密接に結びつく

密接に関わる

密接な協力

密接な繋がり

密接場面

密接して建つ

密接な交流

Phrases Courantes

密接な関わりを持つ

— To have a close involvement or connection with something.

彼はその業界と密接な関わりを持っている。

密接な相関がある

— There is a close correlation (often used in data analysis).

気温とアイスの売上には密接な相関がある。

密接不可分の関係

— An inseparable and close relationship.

平和と自由は密接不可分の関係にある。

密接に絡み合う

— To be closely intertwined or tangled together.

複雑な要因が密接に絡み合っている。

密接な連携体制

— A system of close coordination/cooperation.

医療機関との密接な連携体制を整える。

密接に照応する

— To correspond closely with each other.

理論と実践が密接に照応している。

密接なコミュニケーション

— Close and frequent communication.

チーム内での密接なコミュニケーションが鍵だ。

密接に依存する

— To depend closely on each other.

生態系は多様な生物に密接に依存している。

密接な提携

— A close business alliance or partnership.

大手二社が密接な提携を発表した。

密接を避ける

— To avoid close contact (social distancing).

室内では密接を避けて座ってください。

Souvent confondu avec

密接 vs 近い (Chikai)

Chikai is for general physical distance. Missetsu is for structural or logical closeness.

密接 vs 親密 (Shinmitsu)

Shinmitsu is for emotional intimacy between people. Missetsu is for functional relationships.

密接 vs 密着 (Mitchaku)

Mitchaku means physically stuck or glued. Missetsu is a broader 'close connection'.

Expressions idiomatiques

"密接不可分"

— Two things so closely related that they cannot be separated.

権利と義務は密接不可分である。

Academic/Formal

"三密 (San-mitsu)"

— The 'Three Cs': Closed spaces, Crowded places, and Close-contact settings.

三密を避けて行動しましょう。

Public Health/Common

"密接に関与する"

— To play a deep and active role in a specific matter.

彼は事件の裏で密接に関与していた。

Formal/Serious

"密接な関係を築く"

— To build a strong, tight-knit relationship over time.

顧客と密接な関係を築くことが営業の基本だ。

Business

"密接に響き合う"

— To resonate deeply with one another (often literary).

二人の言葉が密接に響き合っている。

Literary

"密接なネットワーク"

— A tight-knit web of connections or people.

この地域には密接なネットワークがある。

Sociological

"密接に裏打ちされる"

— To be closely supported or proven by something else.

彼の主張はデータによって密接に裏打ちされている。

Academic

"密接なコンタクト"

— Keeping in close touch with someone.

現地スタッフと密接なコンタクトを保つ。

Business

"密接にリンクする"

— To be closely linked (modern/digital context).

SNSの投稿が売上と密接にリンクしている。

Neutral/Modern

"密接な協力体制"

— A framework for working very closely together.

災害時に備えて密接な協力体制を敷く。

Formal

Facile à confondre

密接 vs 緊密 (Kinmitsu)

Both mean 'close' and are formal.

Kinmitsu implies a 'tight' or 'tense' bond, often used for security or diplomatic ties where there is no room for error. Missetsu is more about general correlation or functional link.

警察は緊密な警備体制を敷いた。(The police set up a tight security system.)

密接 vs 濃厚 (Nōkō)

Both use the 'mitsu/no' radical and imply density.

Nōkō means 'thick' (like soup) or 'highly probable' (like a suspicion). Missetsu means 'closely connected' (like a relationship).

彼が犯人である可能性が濃厚だ。(The possibility that he is the culprit is high/thick.)

密接 vs 接近 (Sekkin)

Uses the 'setsu' kanji and means 'approaching'.

Sekkin is the *action* of getting closer. Missetsu is the *state* of being close.

台風が接近している。(A typhoon is approaching.)

密接 vs 親交 (Shinkō)

Refers to a close relationship.

Shinkō specifically refers to social friendship and 'deepening' an acquaintance. Missetsu is for systemic links.

彼とは長年、親交がある。(I have had a friendship with him for many years.)

密接 vs 密着 (Mitchaku)

Both imply closeness.

Mitchaku is physical (like a sticker). Missetsu can be abstract (like economy and politics).

このシールは壁に密着している。(This sticker is stuck tightly to the wall.)

Structures de phrases

[A]は[B]と密接な関係がある。

睡眠は健康と密接な関係がある。

[A]は[B]に密接に関わっている。

この法律は私たちの生活に密接に関わっている。

[A]と[B]は密接に結びついている。

その二つの事件は密接に結びついている。

[A]と[B]の密接な連携が必要だ。

政府と企業の密接な連携が必要だ。

[A]は[B]と密接に連動している。

株価は経済指標と密接に連動している。

[A]は[B]と密接不可分の関係にある。

自由と責任は密接不可分の関係にある。

[A]は[B]と密接に軌を一にしている。

彼の成功は時代の流れと密接に軌を一にしている。

[A]は[B]と密接に輻輳している。

現代の諸問題は密接に輻輳しており、解決が難しい。

Famille de mots

Noms

密接 (Missetsu - Closeness/Contact)

密接さ (Missetsu-sa - Degree of closeness)

Verbes

密接する (Missetsu-suru - To be close/to crowd together)

Adjectifs

密接な (Missetsu-na - Close/intimate)

Apparenté

密 (Mitsu - Dense/Secret)

接する (Sessuru - To touch/connect)

密度 (Mitsudo - Density)

親密 (Shinmitsu - Intimacy)

密着 (Mitchaku - Adhesion)

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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Common in news, academic writing, and professional settings. Less common in daily casual chat.

Erreurs courantes

私の家は駅に密接です。 → 私の家は駅に近いです。
You cannot use 'missetsu' for general physical distance like a house and a station. Use 'chikai' instead.
密接な友達。 → 親密な友達 / 仲の良い友達。
'Missetsu' sounds too clinical for human friendship. Use 'shinmitsu' for emotional closeness.
このスープは密接だ。 → このスープは濃厚だ。
For 'thick' or 'dense' liquids, use 'nōkō'. 'Missetsu' is for relationships/proximity.
密接関係。 → 密接な関係。
As a na-adjective, you usually need 'na' when modifying a noun in a standard sentence.
彼は彼女と密接に愛し合っている。 → 彼は彼女と深く愛し合っている。
'Missetsu' is too formal and structural for the verb 'to love'. Use 'fukaku' (deeply).

Astuces

Adjective vs Adverb

Remember: '密接な' modifies nouns (密接な関係), and '密接に' modifies verbs (密接に関係する). This is a common test point for JLPT N2/B1.

Systemic Closeness

Think of 'missetsu' as parts of a machine. They are close because they have to be to work together. This helps you avoid using it for friends.

Academic Tone

If you want your essay to sound smarter, replace 'とても関係がある' with '密接に関連している'. It's an instant upgrade.

Kanji Meaning

The 'setsu' (接) in 'missetsu' is the same as in 'mensetsu' (interview) and 'setsuzoku' (connection). They all involve 'contact'.

The Sokuon

The little 'tsu' (っ) in 'mi-s-setsu' is vital. Without it, the word sounds weak and might be misunderstood.

Public Signage

Look for '密接' on signs in trains or clinics. It's a great way to see the word used in real-world contexts.

Visualizing Gears

Imagine two gears touching. That 'touching' is 'setsu' and the 'no gap' is 'mitsu'. Together they are 'missetsu'.

Missetsu vs Mitchaku

Mitchaku is like tape on a box (physical). Missetsu is like the relationship between the box and the tape (functional).

News Keywords

When you hear 'missetsu' in the news, pay attention to the two things being compared. It's usually the main point of the story.

Professionalism

Using 'missetsu' in a job interview shows you have a high level of Japanese and can discuss complex topics.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of 'Mitsu' (density/honey-thick) and 'Setsu' (contact/section). When things are 'Missetsu', they are as thick as honey and touching at every section.

Association visuelle

Imagine two gears perfectly interlocked. They are 'missetsu' because they move together and have no gap between their teeth.

Word Web

関係 (Relationship) 連携 (Cooperation) 密度 (Density) 接触 (Contact) 三密 (Three Cs) 結びつき (Link) 相関 (Correlation) 依存 (Dependence)

Défi

Try to write three sentences about your favorite hobby using '密接に関係している'. For example: 'Reading is closely related to my happiness.'

Origine du mot

Derived from Middle Chinese roots. The first character '密' (mitsu) originally referred to a mountain valley that was hidden or dense with trees, evolving to mean 'secret' or 'dense.' The second character '接' (setsu) depicts a hand touching something, meaning 'to connect' or 'to receive.'

Sens originel : To be in such close contact that there is no space or secrecy between the entities.

Sino-Japanese (Kango).

Contexte culturel

During the pandemic, 'missetsu' could trigger anxiety about crowds. Use carefully in social contexts where distancing is still a concern.

English speakers might use 'close' for everything, but in Japanese, you must distinguish between 'missetsu' (systemic), 'shinmitsu' (emotional), and 'chikai' (spatial).

San-mitsu (The 3 Cs) - 2020 Public Health Slogan Keizai to Seiji (Economy and Politics) - A standard textbook phrase Missetsu-shuzai (Close-up coverage) - Common in TV documentaries

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Healthcare

密接接触 (Close contact)
密接を避ける (Avoid closeness)
健康と密接に関係する (Closely related to health)
密接なケア (Close care)

Economics

経済と密接な関係 (Close economic relationship)
市場と密接に連動 (Linked to the market)
密接な提携 (Close partnership)
密接な依存関係 (Close dependence)

Science

密接な相関 (Close correlation)
密接に反応する (React closely)
密接な因果関係 (Close causal link)
密接に結びつく (Closely tied)

Education

教育と密接に関わる (Closely involved with education)
密接な指導 (Close guidance)
文化と密接なつながり (Close link with culture)
密接な連携 (Close cooperation)

Police/Legal

密接に関与 (Deeply involved)
密接な繋がり (Close connection/lead)
密接不可分 (Inseparable)
密接に捜査 (Investigate closely)

Amorces de conversation

"日本文化と日本語は密接に関係していると思いますか？ (Do you think Japanese culture and the language are closely related?)"

"あなたの仕事は、どの分野と密接に関わっていますか？ (Which field is your work closely involved with?)"

"最近、密接な関係を築いている友人はいますか？ (Do you have any friends you've been building a close relationship with lately?)"

"パンデミックの後、密接な場所に行くことに抵抗はありますか？ (Do you have any resistance to going to crowded places after the pandemic?)"

"環境問題は私たちの生活とどう密接に関わっているでしょうか？ (How is the environmental issue closely involved in our lives?)"

Sujets d'écriture

「健康」と「幸せ」がどのように密接に関係しているか、自分の経験を書いてください。 (Write about how 'health' and 'happiness' are closely related based on your experience.)

仕事や勉強で、他校や他社と密接に連携した時のことを思い出して書いてください。 (Write about a time you cooperated closely with another school or company for work or study.)

あなたの趣味は、あなたの性格と密接に結びついていますか？ (Is your hobby closely tied to your personality?)

「密接な関係」という言葉を聞いて、一番に思い浮かぶものは何ですか？ (What is the first thing that comes to mind when you hear the phrase 'close relationship'?)

現代社会において、テクノロジーと人間は密接すぎると感じますか？ (Do you feel that technology and humans are too closely linked in modern society?)

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

Generally, no. 'Missetsu' sounds too clinical or business-like for a romantic partner. It would be like saying you have a 'close functional correlation' with him. Use '親密' (shinmitsu) or '仲が良い' (naka ga yoi) instead.

'Kanren' is a general 'relation.' 'Missetsu na kankei' is a 'tight-knit relationship.' If two things are 'missetsu,' they are much more deeply linked than if they are just 'kanren.' For example, rain and clouds are 'missetsu,' while rain and the day of the week are just 'kanren' (if at all).

It is rare in casual chat unless you are talking about something serious like the news or a work project. In daily life, people usually say 'すごく関係がある' or 'つながってる'.

It is neutral. It describes a fact of closeness. However, in the context of a pandemic (San-mitsu), it took on a negative nuance (avoiding closeness). In business (close cooperation), it is positive.

Break it down: a roof (宀), then 'certainly' (必) inside, and 'mountain' (山) at the bottom. Think of a 'certain mountain' under a 'roof' where things are 'dense.'

Yes, to mean 'to become close' or 'to become crowded.' For example: '人が集まって密接になる' (People gather and become crowded/close).

It is a four-character idiom (yojijukugo) meaning 'closely and inseparably related.' It's very common in formal writing and legal documents.

Yes, very often. For example, 'Hardware and software are missetsu ni linked' (ハードとソフトは密接に連動している).

No. For strong or thick smells/tastes, use '濃厚' (nōkō) or '強い' (tsuyoi). 'Missetsu' is only for relationships or physical proximity.

The Japanese government used it as part of the 'San-mitsu' (3 Cs) campaign to teach citizens how to avoid COVID-19. It referred to 'close-contact' settings.

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