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B2 verb 10 min de lecture

이탈하다

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces 이탈하다 en 30 secondes

Explication 이탈하다 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '이탈하다' is quite difficult. You don't need to use it yourself yet. Instead, think of it as a very specific way to say 'leave' (떠나다). Imagine a train. If the train leaves the tracks, it is '이탈'. If a person leaves a group where they must stay, it is '이탈'. For now, just remember the phrase '경로 이탈' which you might hear in a car's GPS. It means 'You went the wrong way.' Focus on the idea of 'leaving a path.' At this level, stick to '떠나다' for most things, but recognize '이탈' as a special word for 'leaving a track.'

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At the A2 level, you can start to understand that '이탈하다' is used in formal situations. While '떠나다' is for leaving a house or a friend, '이탈하다' is for leaving a 'track' or a 'rule.' If you are driving and the GPS says '경로를 이탈하였습니다,' you should know it means 'You are off the path.' You might also see this word in simple news headlines about people leaving a group. It is a 'Hanja' word, which means it sounds more official. Try to recognize it when you see it in public signs or hear it in announcements on the subway or in a car.

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At the B1 level, you should be able to distinguish between '이탈하다' and '벗어나다.' '벗어나다' is more common in daily life and can be used for things like 'escaping stress.' '이탈하다' is more technical. You will see it in reports about 'customer churn' (고객 이탈) or 'leaving a group' (조직 이탈). You should practice using it in formal writing or when describing a situation where someone broke a rule by leaving their assigned place. It's also useful for describing technical errors, like a satellite moving out of orbit. Remember the particle usage: '궤도를 이탈하다' (deviate from orbit).

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At the B2 level, you are expected to use '이탈하다' correctly in professional and formal contexts. You should understand its nuances in military, political, and technical fields. Use it to describe a 'breakaway' faction in politics or a 'desertion' of duty. You should also be comfortable with the noun form '이탈' and common collocations like '무단이탈' (unauthorized departure). At this level, you can use it metaphorically to describe behavior that 'deviates from common sense' (상식에서 이탈하다). This word adds a level of precision to your Korean that simple verbs like '떠나다' cannot provide.

At the C1 level, you should master the sociological and abstract uses of '이탈하다.' This includes discussing 'social alienation' or 'deviant behavior' in academic settings. You should be able to use it in complex sentences to describe the breakdown of systems or the shifting of loyalties within large organizations. You should also understand the historical and legal weight of the word, especially in contexts like '군무 이탈' (military desertion). Your usage should reflect an understanding of the word's formal register, and you should be able to explain the subtle differences between this and '탈선,' '탈퇴,' or '이반.'

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At the C2 level, '이탈하다' becomes a tool for precise rhetorical expression. You can use it to describe the most subtle deviations in philosophy, scientific data, or complex human behavior. You might use it in a literary context to describe a soul 'breaking away' from the body or a society 'deviating' from its historical trajectory. You should have a deep grasp of the Hanja roots (離脫) and how they influence the word's meaning across various domains. At this level, you are not just using the word; you are using it to convey a specific sense of systemic failure or structural change with complete native-like accuracy.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

이탈하다 en 30 secondes

이탈하다 means to break away from a path, group, or duty, often implying a violation of rules or technical failure.
It is a formal Hanja word (離脫) used in GPS navigation, military, politics, and technical reports.
Commonly paired with particles like -에서 (from) or -을/를 (path/object) to describe the point of separation.
At the B2 level, it helps distinguish between simple leaving and formal deviation from a structure.

The Korean verb 이탈하다 (Ital-hada) is a sophisticated term that translates most closely to 'to break away,' 'to deviate,' or 'to desert.' Derived from the Hanja characters 離 (리/이 - to separate) and 脫 (탈 - to escape), it carries a sense of movement away from a prescribed boundary, a designated path, or an expected social group. Unlike the simple word '떠나다' (to leave), 이탈하다 implies a violation of a rule, a standard, or a trajectory. It is frequently used in technical, formal, or sociological contexts where precision regarding 'where one was supposed to be' versus 'where one actually went' is paramount.

Physical Deviation: This refers to objects or people moving out of a physical track. For example, a train 'derailing' or a GPS system announcing that a vehicle has 'deviated from the route' (경로를 이탈하였습니다). In these cases, there is a literal line or road that has been left behind.

기차가 선로를 이탈하여 큰 사고가 났습니다. (The train derailed from the tracks, causing a major accident.)

Social and Organizational Desertion: In a social sense, it describes leaving a group or organization, often in a way that is seen as breaking loyalty or abandoning duty. This is common in military contexts (deserting one's post) or in corporate settings (leaving a project group without permission).

Furthermore, 이탈하다 is used metaphorically to describe a departure from the 'norm' or 'common sense.' If someone acts in a way that is completely outside the bounds of social expectations, they might be described as having 'deviated from common sense' (상식에서 이탈하다). This usage highlights the word's ability to denote not just physical distance, but psychological and ethical distance from a standard. In academic writing, researchers use this word to describe data points that fall outside the expected range or social groups that 'break away' from mainstream culture. It is a word that suggests a clear boundary has been crossed, making it much more impactful than simply saying someone 'went away.'

그는 조직의 규율을 이탈하여 독자적으로 행동했다. (He broke away from the organization's discipline and acted independently.)

Technical Precision: In science and engineering, this word describes particles leaving an orbit or a mechanical part slipping out of its housing. It implies a loss of control or a failure of a system to keep its components in place.

In summary, use 이탈하다 when you want to emphasize that someone or something has left a specific, defined, or mandatory place. Whether it is a train leaving the tracks, a soldier leaving his post, or a person breaking away from social norms, the word always carries the weight of 'deviating from where one belongs.'

Grammatically, 이탈하다 is an intransitive verb that usually takes the particle -에서 (from) or -을/를 (object marker) depending on the nuance of the sentence. When you use -에서 이탈하다, you are focusing on the point of origin or the boundary being left behind. When you use -을/를 이탈하다, you are treating the path or the group as the object being 'broken' or 'left.' Understanding this subtle distinction helps in sounding more like a native speaker at the B2 level and beyond.

인공위성이 궤도를 이탈했습니다. (The satellite has deviated from its orbit.)

One of the most common sentence patterns involves the phrase '대오를 이탈하다', which means to break ranks. This is used not only in military contexts but also metaphorically in politics or corporate strategy when a member of a group stops following the collective direction. Another frequent pattern is '경로를 이탈하다', used constantly in navigation systems. If you miss a turn while driving in Seoul, your navigation will calmly state, '경로를 이탈하였습니다. 경로를 재탐색합니다' (You have deviated from the route. Recalculating route).

Formal Declarations: In news reports, you will see it used to describe groups of people leaving a movement. '시민들이 시위 대열에서 이탈했다' (Citizens broke away from the protest line). Here, the focus is on the separation from the collective whole.

그는 상식의 범위를 이탈한 행동을 보였다. (He showed behavior that deviated from the bounds of common sense.)

When using it in conversation, it is important to note that 이탈하다 sounds quite formal. You wouldn't typically use it if you just stepped out of a room to get some water. Instead, you would use it if you were discussing a serious breach of protocol or a technical error. For example, if a student leaves the school grounds without permission, the teacher might use '이탈' to describe the act as a violation of school rules. This adds a layer of 'officialness' or 'seriousness' to the action of leaving.

Technical Contexts: In physics or engineering, it's used for particles escaping a field: '전자들이 궤도에서 이탈하다' (Electrons escape from orbit). In software, it might describe a user leaving a specific 'funnel' or path in an app.

많은 핵심 인재들이 회사를 이탈하고 있습니다. (Many key talents are breaking away/leaving the company.)

Lastly, consider the tense and form. Because 이탈하다 often describes a completed act of separation, it is frequently used in the past tense (이탈했다) or as a noun-modifying adjective (이탈한). When describing a current trend, the present progressive (이탈하고 있다) is used to show a continuous flow of people or things leaving a group, such as '고객들이 이탈하고 있다' (Customers are churning/leaving).

The word 이탈하다 is a staple of the Korean media landscape, technical environments, and formal institutions. If you are in Korea, you are most likely to encounter this word in the following four specific scenarios. Understanding these contexts will help you grasp the 'vibe' of the word beyond its dictionary definition.

1. Navigation and Transportation: As mentioned, every GPS system in Korea uses this word. When you take a wrong turn, the voice will say '경로를 이탈하였습니다.' This has made the word extremely familiar even to children. In news reports about train accidents, you will hear '탈선' (derailment) and '선로 이탈' (leaving the tracks) used interchangeably to describe the physical accident.

내비게이션: "경로를 이탈하였습니다. 새로운 경로로 안내합니다." (Navigation: "You have deviated from the route. Providing a new route.")

2. News and Politics: In the political section of a newspaper, you might read about '당론 이탈' (deviating from the party line). This happens when a politician votes against their own party's official stance. It suggests a lack of discipline or a shift in loyalty. Similarly, in economics, '고객 이탈' (customer churn) is a major topic, referring to users leaving a service like a mobile carrier or a bank for a competitor.

3. Military and Legal Reports: In Korea, where military service is mandatory for men, '군무 이탈' (desertion of military duties) is a term everyone knows. It is a legal term used in courtrooms and official military documents. If a soldier does not return from leave on time, it is officially recorded as an '이탈' event. This gives the word a very stern, legalistic connotation.

그 병사는 부대를 무단 이탈한 혐의를 받고 있습니다. (That soldier is suspected of leaving his unit without permission.)

4. Sports and Competition: In sports, if a player is injured and can no longer participate in the season, commentators might say '전력에서 이탈하다' (to leave the team's strength/lineup). This implies that the 'machine' of the team has lost one of its functioning parts. It sounds much more professional and serious than just saying the player is 'not playing.'

In all these cases, the word 이탈하다 paints a picture of a system—be it a road, a party, an army, or a team—that has lost a component. It is a word about the breaking of a structure.

While 이탈하다 is a versatile word, English speakers often make mistakes by using it in situations where simpler verbs like 떠나다 (to leave) or 나가다 (to go out) are more appropriate. Because 이탈하다 is a B2-level Hanja-based word, using it in casual contexts can sound strangely dramatic or overly technical. Here are the most common pitfalls to avoid.

Confusing 'Leaving' with 'Deviating': A common mistake is using 이탈하다 for everyday departures. For example, if you say "나는 집에서 이탈했다" to mean "I left my house," it sounds like you were escaping from a prison or deviating from a spiritual path. Use 떠나다 or 나오다 for physical locations that don't imply a strict 'track' or 'duty.'

❌ Wrong: 친구들과 놀다가 카페에서 이탈했어요.
✅ Correct: 친구들과 놀다가 카페에서 먼저 나왔어요. (I left the cafe first while hanging out with friends.)

Misusing Particles: Learners often forget whether to use -을/를 or -에서. While both are used, -을/를 이탈하다 is used for paths and tracks (경로를, 궤도를), while -에서 이탈하다 is used for groups or specific locations (조직에서, 대열에서). Mixing these up won't make you incomprehensible, but it will sound slightly 'off' to a native ear.

Overusing it for 'Quitting': If you quit your job, you should say 그만두다 or 퇴사하다. Saying you '이탈했다' from your job implies you deserted it or left it in a way that caused a system failure. Unless you are talking about a mass 'exodus' of employees (인력 이탈), avoid this word for personal career changes.

❌ Wrong: 저는 어제 회사를 이탈했습니다.
✅ Correct: 저는 어제 회사를 그만뒀습니다/퇴사했습니다.

Finally, don't confuse 이탈하다 with 탈출하다 (to escape). 탈출하다 is used when you are fleeing from a dangerous situation or a confined space (like a prison escape). 이탈하다 is simply about leaving the 'proper' place, regardless of whether that place was dangerous or not.

To master 이탈하다, it is essential to compare it with other Korean words that mean 'to leave' or 'to deviate.' Each of these has a specific nuance and register.

벗어나다 vs. 이탈하다: 벗어나다 is the more common, native Korean equivalent. It means to get out of, to escape, or to deviate. While 이탈하다 is formal and often implies a violation of duty, 벗어나다 can be positive (e.g., escaping stress, getting out of a slump). You can '벗어나다' from a routine, but you '이탈하다' from a military unit.

드디어 일상에서 벗어났어요! (I finally escaped the daily grind! - Positive/Casual)
비행기가 항로를 이탈했습니다. (The plane deviated from its flight path. - Formal/Serious)

탈선하다 vs. 이탈하다: 탈선하다 (Derail) is specifically used for trains leaving tracks or, metaphorically, for youths 'going astray' or becoming delinquent. 이탈하다 is broader; a train 탈선 is a type of 이탈, but 이탈 can also apply to satellites, soldiers, or digital data.

탈퇴하다 vs. 이탈하다: 탈퇴하다 means to formally withdraw from a group, like a club, a website, or a political party. It is a conscious, often administrative act. 이탈하다 often implies a more sudden, physical, or unauthorized separation.

저는 그 동호회에서 탈퇴했어요. (I withdrew from that club. - Formal/Neutral)
핵심 멤버의 이탈로 팀이 위기에 처했습니다. (The team is in crisis due to the breakaway of key members.)

In summary, choose 이탈하다 when the separation is from a fixed path or duty and has a serious or technical consequence. Choose 벗어나다 for general 'getting out,' 탈퇴하다 for administrative withdrawal, and 떠나다 for simply leaving a place.

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

The '탈' (Tal) in 이탈 is the same '탈' found in '탈출' (escape) and '탈모' (hair loss - literally 'hair leaving').

Guide de prononciation

UK i.tʰal.ha.da

US i.tʰal.ha.da

The primary stress is on the second syllable '탈' (tal).

Rime avec

이탈하다 (Ital-hada) 배달하다 (Baedal-hada - to deliver) 조달하다 (Jodal-hada - to procure) 발달하다 (Bal-dal-hada - to develop) 도달하다 (Dodal-hada - to reach) 전달하다 (Jeondal-hada - to convey) 응답하다 (Eungdap-hada - to answer) 가담하다 (Gadam-hada - to participate)

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing 'tal' like 'tall' (English) - keep the 'a' sound like in 'father'.
Ignoring the aspiration in 't' - it should be a sharp burst of air.
Making the 'h' silent - in 'hada', the 'h' is usually voiced but present.
Mixing up 'i' with 'ee' - it is a shorter, cleaner vowel.
Pronouncing the final 'da' too heavily.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 4/5

Common in news and technical texts, but requires Hanja knowledge for deep understanding.

Écriture 4/5

Requires knowledge of specific collocations like '경로' or '궤도'.

Expression orale 3/5

Easy to say, but hard to use in the right formal context.

Écoute 2/5

Very recognizable due to GPS and news frequency.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

떠나다 벗어나다 길 그룹 사고

Apprends ensuite

탈퇴하다 탈선하다 방지하다 준수하다

Avancé

이반 괴리 탈루 일탈

Grammaire à connaître

-에서 (Location/Origin)

학교에서 이탈하다.

-을/를 (Object/Path)

경로를 이탈하다.

-지 않도록 (So that... not)

이탈하지 않도록 주의하세요.

-고 있다 (Progressive)

고객들이 이탈하고 있다.

-아/어 있다 (Resultative state)

궤도에서 이탈해 있다.

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Exemples par niveau

기차가 길을 이탈했어요.

The train left the path (derailed).

Simple past tense '이탈했어요'.

경로 이탈입니다.

It is a route deviation.

Noun '이탈' + '입니다'.

그는 대열에서 이탈했습니다.

He left the line.

-에서 (from) particle used.

차가 도로를 이탈했어요.

The car left the road.

Object marker -를 used.

학생이 학교를 이탈했어요.

The student left the school (without permission).

Focus on leaving a mandatory place.

궤도 이탈은 위험해요.

Leaving the orbit is dangerous.

Subject '이탈' + '은'.

그는 무리에서 이탈했다.

He left the group.

Plain style '이탈했다'.

비행기가 항로를 이탈했어요.

The plane left the flight path.

Specific term '항로' (flight path).

운전 중에 경로를 이탈하지 마세요.

Do not deviate from the route while driving.

-지 마세요 (don't) form.

많은 사람들이 줄에서 이탈하고 있어요.

Many people are leaving the line.

-고 있어요 (progressive) form.

이탈한 사람들을 찾으세요.

Find the people who left.

Noun-modifying '이탈한'.

그는 팀에서 이탈하기로 했어요.

He decided to leave the team.

-기로 하다 (decide to).

기차가 선로를 이탈한 사고가 났어요.

An accident happened where the train derailed.

Compound sentence structure.

무단이탈은 큰 잘못입니다.

Leaving without permission is a big mistake.

Compound noun '무단이탈'.

그는 상식에서 이탈한 말을 해요.

He says things that deviate from common sense.

Metaphorical use.

선수들이 대열을 이탈하지 않게 하세요.

Make sure the athletes don't break ranks.

-지 않게 (so that... not).

내비게이션이 경로 이탈을 알렸습니다.

The navigation announced a route deviation.

Formal verb '알리다'.

그는 조직에서 이탈하여 새로운 길을 갔다.

He broke away from the organization and took a new path.

-하여 (and then/so) connector.

궤도를 이탈한 위성이 추락했습니다.

The satellite that deviated from its orbit crashed.

Relative clause '이탈한 위성'.

그의 행동은 정상적인 범주를 이탈했다.

His behavior deviated from the normal category.

Abstract usage.

병사들이 부대를 이탈하는 사건이 발생했다.

An incident occurred where soldiers deserted the unit.

Noun clause '-는 사건'.

가격이 적정 수준을 이탈했습니다.

The price has deviated from the appropriate level.

Economic context.

이탈자가 생기지 않도록 주의하십시오.

Please be careful so that there are no deserters/leavers.

Noun '이탈자' (deserter/person who leaves).

그는 당의 노선에서 이탈했습니다.

He deviated from the party's line.

Political context.

핵심 인재의 이탈을 막기 위한 대책이 필요하다.

Measures are needed to prevent the departure of key talent.

-기 위한 (in order to) structure.

그 기차는 속도를 이기지 못하고 선로를 이탈했다.

The train could not handle the speed and derailed.

-지 못하고 (could not... and).

이번 사태로 인해 많은 당원이 당을 이탈했다.

Due to this situation, many party members left the party.

-로 인해 (due to).

현대 사회에서는 전통적 가치에서 이탈하는 현상이 잦다.

In modern society, the phenomenon of deviating from traditional values is frequent.

Sociological usage.

시스템이 정상 궤도를 이탈하면 경고음이 울립니다.

If the system deviates from its normal orbit, a warning sound rings.

Conditional -면.

그는 자신의 직무를 무단으로 이탈했다.

He deserted his duties without permission.

Adverbial '무단으로'.

이탈한 병사들은 곧 헌병대에 붙잡혔다.

The deserted soldiers were soon caught by the military police.

Passive voice '붙잡혔다'.

데이터가 예상 범위를 크게 이탈했습니다.

The data deviated significantly from the expected range.

Scientific/Technical usage.

조직의 기강이 해이해지자 이탈자가 속출했다.

As the discipline of the organization weakened, deserters appeared one after another.

-자 (as soon as/since) connector.

그의 철학은 주류 사상에서 완전히 이탈해 있다.

His philosophy is completely deviated from mainstream thought.

-해 있다 (state of being).

급격한 금리 인상은 자본의 시장 이탈을 부추겼다.

The rapid interest rate hike encouraged the exit of capital from the market.

Advanced economic vocabulary.

그는 법의 테두리를 이탈하여 범죄를 저질렀다.

He stepped outside the boundaries of the law and committed a crime.

Metaphorical '테두리' (boundary).

대오를 이탈한 개인의 행동이 전체의 사기를 꺾었다.

The action of an individual who broke ranks dampened the morale of the whole.

Complex subject phrase.

전자들이 원자핵의 구속에서 이탈하는 과정이다.

It is the process of electrons escaping from the constraint of the atomic nucleus.

Scientific process description.

작가는 고전적 형식에서 이탈하여 파격적인 시도를 했다.

The author deviated from classical forms and made an unconventional attempt.

Artistic/Literary context.

그 정책은 현실에서 이탈했다는 비판을 받았다.

The policy was criticized for being detached from reality.

Indirect quotation '-는 비판'.

인간의 욕망이 이성의 통제를 이탈할 때 비극이 시작된다.

Tragedy begins when human desire escapes the control of reason.

Philosophical abstraction.

본 궤도를 이탈한 논의는 결국 아무런 결론도 내지 못했다.

The discussion, which had deviated from the main track, ultimately failed to reach any conclusion.

Abstract '궤도' (track of logic).

그는 사회적 규범에서 이탈한 소외된 자들의 삶을 그렸다.

He depicted the lives of those marginalized people who deviated from social norms.

Literary analysis.

권력의 핵심부에서 이탈한 그는 쓸쓸한 말년을 보냈다.

Having broken away from the core of power, he spent his later years in loneliness.

Political narrative.

문명의 흐름에서 이탈한 오지의 부족을 연구했다.

They studied a tribe in a remote area that had branched off from the flow of civilization.

Anthropological context.

데이터의 이탈 현상을 분석하여 시스템의 오류를 찾아냈다.

By analyzing the data deviation phenomenon, the system error was identified.

Technical analysis.

그의 시각은 시대적 조류에서 이탈하여 독창성을 획득했다.

His perspective gained originality by deviating from the trends of the times.

High-level artistic critique.

집단적 광기에서 이탈하려는 개인의 처절한 몸부림을 묘사했다.

It described the desperate struggle of an individual trying to break away from collective madness.

Intense literary description.

Synonymes

벗어나다 탈피하다 탈퇴하다 변절하다

Antonymes

합류하다 유지하다 준수하다

Collocations courantes

경로 이탈

궤도 이탈

대오 이탈

조직 이탈

무단 이탈

상식 이탈

현장 이탈

선로 이탈

당론 이탈

고객 이탈

Phrases Courantes

경로를 이탈하였습니다

— Standard GPS phrase meaning 'You have deviated from the route.'

내비게이션에서 '경로를 이탈하였습니다'라는 소리가 나왔다.

대오를 이탈하다

— To break ranks or leave a marching line.

군인들은 대오를 이탈하지 않고 행진했다.

본궤도에 오르다/이탈하다

— To get on/off the main track (figuratively, to succeed or fail).

사업이 본궤도를 이탈하여 위기를 맞았다.

무단이탈 금지

— Prohibition of leaving without permission.

수련회 기간 동안 무단이탈은 금지입니다.

정상 범위 이탈

— Out of normal range (often used in health or data).

혈압 수치가 정상 범위를 이탈했습니다.

근무지 이탈

— Leaving one's place of work during hours.

근무지 이탈은 징계 사유가 됩니다.

항로 이탈

— Deviating from a flight or sea path.

태풍으로 인해 선박이 항로를 이탈했다.

무리에서 이탈하다

— To leave the flock/herd/group.

어린 사자가 무리에서 이탈해 길을 잃었다.

조직을 이탈하다

— To leave an organization, often implying betrayal or quitting.

그는 비밀을 품고 조직을 이탈했다.

현장을 이탈하다

— To leave the scene (of an accident or crime).

범인은 범행 직후 현장을 이탈했다.

Souvent confondu avec

이탈하다 vs 떠나다

떠나다 is general leaving; 이탈하다 is deviating from a path or duty.

이탈하다 vs 탈출하다

탈출하다 is escaping from danger; 이탈하다 is leaving a designated spot.

이탈하다 vs 나가다

나가다 is just going out; 이탈하다 implies a breach of rule or track.

Expressions idiomatiques

"궤도를 이탈하다"

— To go off track; to fail to follow the expected plan.

인생의 궤도를 이탈한 기분이 들었다.

Metaphorical

"상식 밖의 행동 (상식 이탈)"

— Behavior that goes beyond common sense.

그의 상식 이탈 행동에 모두가 놀랐다.

Informal/Critical

"대오를 정비하다 (vs 이탈)"

— To fix the ranks (often used after an '이탈' event).

이탈자가 생기자 대오를 다시 정비했다.

Formal

"줄을 이탈하다"

— To step out of line (literally and figuratively).

아이들이 줄을 이탈하지 않게 지도해 주세요.

Neutral

"울타리를 이탈하다"

— To leave the 'fence' (protection or boundaries).

보호의 울타리를 이탈하는 것은 위험하다.

Literary

"본분을 이탈하다"

— To deviate from one's duty or status.

학생이 본분을 이탈하여 공부를 소홀히 했다.

Formal/Moral

"중심축에서 이탈하다"

— To move away from the central axis/core.

권력의 중심축에서 이탈한 정치인.

Political

"프레임을 이탈하다"

— To go outside the frame/perspective.

기존의 프레임을 이탈한 새로운 사고방식.

Academic

"전선에서 이탈하다"

— To leave the front line (war or social struggle).

부상으로 인해 전선에서 이탈하게 되었다.

Formal

"정상 궤도 이탈"

— Deviation from the normal path of progress.

경제 성장이 정상 궤도를 이탈했다.

Economic

Facile à confondre

이탈하다 vs 탈선하다

Both involve leaving a track.

탈선 is specifically for trains or moral delinquency; 이탈 is broader.

청소년이 탈선했다 (Moral) vs 위성이 궤도를 이탈했다 (Technical).

이탈하다 vs 탈퇴하다

Both involve leaving a group.

탈퇴 is administrative/voluntary; 이탈 is physical/unauthorized/systemic.

카페 탈퇴 (Admin) vs 조직 이탈 (Systemic breakdown).

이탈하다 vs 이반하다

Both involve separation.

이반 is about hearts/loyalty turning away; 이탈 is about physical or structural separation.

민심 이반 (Hearts) vs 대오 이탈 (Physical ranks).

이탈하다 vs 낙오하다

Both involve being away from a group.

낙오 is being left behind (passive/failure); 이탈 is breaking away (active/deviation).

행군 중 낙오 (Couldn't keep up) vs 행군 중 이탈 (Ran away).

이탈하다 vs 유기하다

Both involve leaving something.

유기 is abandoning someone/something you should care for; 이탈 is leaving a place yourself.

아이를 유기하다 (Abandon) vs 현장을 이탈하다 (Leave scene).

Structures de phrases

N을/를 이탈하다

경로를 이탈하다.

N에서 이탈하다

조직에서 이탈하다.

무단으로 이탈하다

근무지를 무단으로 이탈하다.

N의 이탈을 막다

인재의 이탈을 막다.

궤도를 이탈한 N

궤도를 이탈한 인공위성.

상식에서 이탈한 N

상식에서 이탈한 행동.

대오를 이탈하여 V

대오를 이탈하여 도망치다.

현실에서 이탈한 N

현실에서 이탈한 정책.

Famille de mots

Noms

이탈 (Deviation/Breakaway)

이탈자 (Deserter/Leaver)

이탈 현상 (Deviation phenomenon)

무단이탈 (Unauthorized departure)

Verbes

이탈하다 (To deviate)

이탈시키다 (To cause to deviate/remove)

Adjectifs

이탈된 (Deviated/Separated)

Apparenté

탈출 (Escape)

탈퇴 (Withdrawal)

분리 (Separation)

이반 (Estrangement)

탈선 (Derailment)

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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

High in formal/technical contexts; Low in casual street slang.

Erreurs courantes

Using it for 'leaving home' (집에서 이탈했다). → 집에서 나왔다 / 집을 떠났다.
이탈하다 implies a violation of a path or duty, not just leaving a house.
Using it for 'quitting a job' (회사를 이탈했다). → 회사를 그만뒀다 / 퇴사했다.
Unless it's a mass desertion, '퇴사' is the correct administrative term.
Confusing it with 탈출하다 (Escape). → 탈출하다 (from danger) vs 이탈하다 (from a path).
You '탈출' a fire, but you '이탈' a route.
Using the wrong particle for 'orbit'. → 궤도를 이탈하다 (better than 궤도에서 이탈하다).
For tracks and paths, the object marker is more natural.
Using it for 'leaving a party'. → 파티에서 먼저 나왔다.
It's too formal for social gatherings.

Astuces

GPS Memory

Whenever you use a GPS in Korea, listen for '이탈'. It's the best way to remember the word's core meaning of 'off-track'.

Particle Choice

Use '을/를' for paths (경로, 궤도) and '에서' for groups or locations (조직, 대열).

Hanja Power

Remember 離 (Separate) + 脫 (Escape). If you see '탈' in other words like '탈출' or '탈퇴', it usually means 'getting out'.

Military Context

In Korea, this word is very serious. Don't use it lightly for things like 'I left the gym early'.

Deviate vs. Leave

If there is no 'correct path' or 'duty' involved, just use '떠나다' (to leave).

Customer Churn

In a business meeting, use '고객 이탈' to talk about losing users. It sounds very professional.

Noun Modifiers

'이탈한' (deviated) is great for describing things like '이탈한 병사' (the soldier who left).

Data Outliers

When data points fall outside the expected range, they '이탈' from the '정상 범위' (normal range).

Breaking Ranks

Use '대오를 이탈하다' when someone in a group stops following the leader's plan.

Formal Only

Avoid this word in casual texting unless you are joking about your GPS.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Imagine a train ('T') that is 'TAL' (tall) falling off its tracks. It is 'I-TAL-hada' (Leaving the track).

Association visuelle

A GPS screen with a red 'X' and a voice saying 'Ital!' as you drive into a river.

Word Web

Path Group Duty Orbit GPS Desertion Rule Breakaway

Défi

Try to use '이탈하다' next time you talk about a project member leaving your group or a car missing a turn.

Origine du mot

From Middle Chinese roots. 離 (Lí) meaning to leave or separate, and 脫 (Tuō) meaning to shed, escape, or take off.

Sens originel : To separate and escape from a fixed position or state.

Sino-Korean (Hanja-based).

Contexte culturel

Be careful using this for people; it can imply they are 'deserters' or 'unreliable' depending on context.

English speakers might use 'quit' or 'leave', but '이탈하다' is more like 'deviate' or 'desert'.

GPS '경로 이탈' announcements Military movies showing '군무 이탈' News reports on '인력 이탈' (brain drain)

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Driving/Navigation

경로를 이탈하다
경로 재탐색
이탈 지점
유턴 하세요

Military

무단 이탈
부대 복귀
군무 이탈죄
대오 유지

Business/Economics

고객 이탈
인재 이탈
시장 이탈
이탈률 (Churn rate)

Science/Technology

궤도 이탈
항로 이탈
데이터 이탈
시스템 이탈

Social/Behavior

상식 이탈
청소년 이탈
조직 이탈
규범 이탈

Amorces de conversation

"운전하다가 경로를 이탈한 적이 있나요?"

"회사에서 인재 이탈을 막으려면 어떻게 해야 할까요?"

"기차 선로 이탈 사고 뉴스를 본 적이 있어요?"

"친구들과 놀다가 혼자 대열을 이탈해 본 적 있나요?"

"상식에서 이탈한 행동을 하는 사람을 보면 어떤 생각이 드나요?"

Sujets d'écriture

내 인생이 정해진 궤도를 이탈했다고 느꼈던 순간에 대해 써보세요.

조직에서 이탈하여 혼자만의 길을 가는 것의 장단점은 무엇일까요?

내비게이션이 경로 이탈을 외칠 때 당신의 반응은 어떤가요?

사회적 규범에서 이탈하는 것이 창의성에 도움이 될까요?

최근에 사용하던 서비스에서 이탈한(그만둔) 경험이 있다면 그 이유는 무엇인가요?

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

Usually no. It sounds too serious. Use '먼저 가다' or '중도에 나오다'. Using '이탈' would imply the party was a military formation.

Mostly yes, as it implies a failure to follow a path or duty. However, in art or philosophy, '이탈' from tradition can be seen as innovative.

길을 잃다 means you are lost and don't know where you are. 경로 이탈 means you were on a specific path (like GPS) and moved off it.

It is '고객 이탈' (Gogaek Ital). Companies try to '이탈을 방지하다' (prevent churn).

No, that's '탈모'. While '탈' is the same, the verb used is usually '머리가 빠지다'.

Yes, especially in the military and for people under house arrest or quarantine. It means leaving without permission.

Yes, '태양계를 이탈하다' is a perfect scientific use for that scenario.

It's an intransitive verb, but you can use '이탈되다' to mean 'to be separated/deviated' by an external force.

Yes. 궤도 이탈 is for orbits (space) or metaphorical tracks. 탈선 is specifically for trains on physical rails.

Yes, '교실 이탈' is used when students leave the room without permission or don't attend class.

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