무효하다 en 30 secondes
- 무효하다 means invalid, null and void.
- Used for things lacking legal or official force.
- Common in legal, government, and business contexts.
- Antonym is 유효하다 (valid).
The Korean adjective 무효하다 (muhyohada) translates to 'invalid,' 'null and void,' or 'to be without legal or official force.' It's used when something, like a contract, a law, a rule, or even a vote, loses its validity or is declared not legally binding. Think of it as something that is no longer effective or enforceable.
You'll often encounter this word in formal settings, particularly in legal, governmental, or business contexts. For instance, if a contract is signed under duress or if a law is found to be unconstitutional, it might be declared 무효하다. It signifies a lack of power or legitimacy in the eyes of the law or official bodies.
Consider a scenario where a company's internal policy is not in line with national labor laws. A legal expert might state that the company policy is 무효하다 because it violates the superior law. Similarly, if a ballot is cast with an invalid mark, that specific vote would be considered 무효하다 and not counted.
- Legal Context
- A contract that does not meet all the required legal conditions is considered 무효하다.
- Administrative Context
- An expired permit is 무효하다 and must be renewed.
- Voting Context
- A ballot marked incorrectly is 무효하다.
계약서에 서명이 누락되어 그 계약은 무효하다.
The opposite of 무효하다 is 'valid' or 'effective,' which can be expressed in Korean as 유효하다 (yuhyohada). Understanding this distinction is crucial when dealing with official documents and agreements.
만료된 티켓은 무효하다.
In essence, 무효하다 signifies a lack of legal standing, official recognition, or practical effect. It's a term that carries weight, especially when dealing with matters that require adherence to rules and regulations.
Using 무효하다 correctly involves understanding its grammatical function as an adjective and its common collocations. It typically describes a noun that lacks validity. The verb form is 무효하다, and it often appears in sentences that state the status of a document, agreement, or decision.
When forming sentences, 무효하다 can be used directly after a noun, often with a connecting particle like -이/가 (i/ga) if the noun ends in a consonant, or -가 (ga) if it ends in a vowel, though this is less common when 무효하다 functions predicatively. More frequently, it's used as the predicate of a sentence, meaning it comes at the end, describing the subject.
- Basic Sentence Structure
- [Subject]은/는 [Noun]이/가 무효하다.
- Example 1: Contract
- 이 계약은 법적 효력이 없어 무효하다. (I gyeyageun beopjeok hyoryeogi eopseo muhyohada.) - This contract is invalid because it has no legal effect.
- Example 2: Law
- 그 법은 위헌 판결을 받아 무효하다. (Geu beobeun wiheon pangyeoreul bada muhyohada.) - That law is invalid because it was ruled unconstitutional.
서명되지 않은 투표는 무효하다.
You can also use it in more complex sentences, often with conjunctions or subordinate clauses explaining why something is invalid. For instance, you might use clauses like 'because of X' (X 때문에 - X ttaemun-e) or 'due to Y' (Y로 인해 - Yro inhae).
- Example 3: Reason for Invalidity
- 기한이 지나서 신청서는 무효하다. (Gihani jinaseo sincheongseoneun muhyohada.) - The application is invalid because the deadline has passed.
- Example 4: Official Declaration
- 법원은 그 조약이 국제법에 위배된다고 판시하여 무효하다고 선언했습니다. (Beobwoneun geu joyagi gukjebobe wibae doendago pansihayeo muhyohadago seoneolhaetseumnida.) - The court declared the treaty invalid, ruling that it violated international law.
이 증서는 분실되었기 때문에 무효하다.
Remember that 무효하다 is a formal term. While you might hear it in everyday conversation about expired items, its primary usage is in contexts where legitimacy and official standing are important.
You'll most frequently encounter 무효하다 in formal and official settings where the validity of agreements, laws, and official documents is paramount. This includes:
- Legal Proceedings
- In courtrooms, lawyers might argue that a contract is 무효하다 due to procedural errors, lack of consent, or violation of statutes. Official judgments and rulings frequently use this term to describe the status of legal instruments.
- Government and Administration
- Government agencies issue regulations and permits. If these are found to be unlawful or superseded by newer legislation, they can be declared 무효하다. Public announcements regarding policy changes or invalidation of documents will use this term.
- Business and Finance
- Contracts, financial agreements, and corporate policies are subject to scrutiny. A business deal might be deemed 무효하다 if it fails to meet certain legal requirements or if it is discovered to be fraudulent.
- Elections and Voting
- Election officials often discuss ballots that are 무효하다 due to improper marking, voter ineligibility, or other irregularities. News reports about election results might mention the number of invalid votes.
- Academic and Research Papers
- In fields like law, political science, and public administration, research papers analyzing legislation or legal precedents will frequently use 무효하다 to describe the status of certain laws or rulings.
재판부는 증거 부족으로 해당 판결이 무효하다고 결정했다.
While less common in casual conversation, you might hear it in discussions about expired products or outdated rules. For example, someone might jokingly say their coupon is 무효하다 if it's past its expiry date. However, the primary context remains formal and official.
그 연금 제도는 현재 무효하다.
Learners of Korean might make a few common mistakes when using 무효하다, primarily related to its formal register and its distinction from similar concepts.
- Mistake 1: Using it in Informal Situations
- 무효하다 is a formal term. Using it casually, like saying 'My apology is invalid' to a friend, would sound unnatural and overly stiff. For informal contexts, you might use softer expressions depending on the nuance.
- Mistake 2: Confusing with 'Expired' or 'Broken'
- While an expired item might become 무효하다, the terms aren't interchangeable. 'Expired' is often 만료되다 (mallyodoe-da) or 기한이 지나다 (gihani jinada). 'Broken' is 고장나다 (gojangnada). 무효하다 specifically refers to a lack of legal or official standing, not just a functional failure.
- Mistake 3: Incorrect Verb Conjugation
- As an adjective, 무효하다 conjugates like other descriptive verbs. Forgetting to conjugate it properly when used in different sentence structures can lead to errors. For example, saying '무효' (muhyo) as a standalone verb instead of '무효하다' (muhyohada) or its conjugated forms.
- Mistake 4: Overuse or Underuse
- Learners might either overuse 무효하다 in situations where a simpler word would suffice, or conversely, avoid it altogether due to its formal nature. It's important to use it when the meaning of 'invalid' in a legal or official sense is intended.
- Mistake 5: Misunderstanding its Nuance
- 무효하다 implies a formal declaration or recognition of invalidity. Simply stating something is 'not good' is different from stating it is legally 무효하다. The latter has significant implications.
잘못된 사용: 이 펜은 무효하다.
To avoid these mistakes, focus on the context. If the situation involves laws, contracts, official documents, or formal rules, 무효하다 is likely the appropriate term. If it's about something simply not working or being old, other words are better suited.
올바른 사용: 계약 조건이 충족되지 않아 계약은 무효하다.
While 무효하다 specifically denotes a lack of legal or official force, several other Korean words and phrases can convey related meanings of invalidity, ineffectiveness, or cancellation, each with its own nuance and register.
- 유효하다 (yuhyohada)
- This is the direct antonym of 무효하다, meaning 'valid' or 'effective.' It's used in the same formal contexts to describe things that are legally binding or officially recognized.
- 효력이 없다 (hyoryeogi eopda)
- Literally 'to have no effect.' This phrase is very close in meaning to 무효하다 and is often used interchangeably in legal and administrative contexts. It emphasizes the lack of practical consequence or power.
- 취소되다 (chwiso-doeda)
- Meaning 'to be canceled.' This implies that something was once valid but has been formally revoked. For example, an order can be canceled, or an event can be canceled. While a canceled item might become 무효하다, 취소되다 focuses on the act of cancellation itself.
- 무시하다 (musihada)
- Meaning 'to ignore' or 'to disregard.' This is a verb describing an action, not a state of being. You might ignore something that is 무효하다, but the words are not synonyms.
- 쓸모없다 (sseulmo-eopda)
- Meaning 'to be useless' or 'to be no good.' This is a more general term and is less formal than 무효하다. An item that is 무효하다 might also be 쓸모없다, but something 쓸모없다 is not necessarily legally 무효하다.
- 무효 (muhyo)
- This is the noun form, meaning 'invalidity' or 'nullity.' It's often used in phrases like '무효 처리하다' (muhyo cheorihada - to process as invalid) or '무효 선언' (muhyo seoneon - declaration of invalidity). 무효하다 is the adjective form describing something as being in that state.
무효하다 vs. 효력이 없다
When choosing between these options, consider the specific context and the degree of formality required. For official declarations of legal or administrative invalidity, 무효하다 or 효력이 없다 are most appropriate. For simpler concepts like being useless or canceled, other terms might be better.
무효하다 vs. 쓸모없다
How Formal Is It?
Le savais-tu ?
The concept of 'null and void' is universal in legal systems, and many languages have specific terms derived from Latin or their own roots to express this. In Korean, the Hanja-based term 무효하다 clearly conveys the meaning of lacking any practical or legal 'effect' or 'value.'
Guide de prononciation
- Pronouncing the 'ㅎ' (h) in '효' too strongly or too weakly.
- Incorrectly stressing syllables, as Korean does not have strong stress patterns like English.
- Confusing the vowel sounds, especially 'ㅜ' (u) and 'ㅗ' (o).
Niveau de difficulté
Understanding <strong>무효하다</strong> in reading requires familiarity with legal, governmental, or formal contexts. While the literal meaning is straightforward, grasping the implications in complex sentences, especially in legal documents or news articles, can be challenging for intermediate learners. It's important to recognize its formal register and potential for nuanced legal interpretation.
Using <strong>무효하다</strong> correctly in writing demands precision. Learners must ensure they are applying it in appropriate formal contexts and conjugating it accurately. Overuse in informal settings or incorrect application can lead to awkward or erroneous sentences. Mastering its usage requires practice with formal sentence structures and collocations.
Speaking with <strong>무효하다</strong> correctly involves adopting a formal tone and ensuring the context is appropriate. It's less likely to be used in casual conversation, so learners might feel hesitant to use it. Practicing its pronunciation and incorporating it into role-playing formal situations can improve fluency.
Recognizing <strong>무효하다</strong> in listening requires an ear for formal Korean. It often appears in news broadcasts, legal dramas, or official announcements. Understanding the context is key to grasping its full meaning and implications, especially when it's part of a longer, complex sentence.
Quoi apprendre ensuite
Prérequis
Apprends ensuite
Avancé
Grammaire à connaître
Adjective Conjugation (Present Tense Predicate)
The adjective 무효하다 conjugates like other descriptive verbs. For the present tense, it often ends in -ㅂ니다/습니다 (formal polite) or -아요/어요 (polite informal). Example: 이 계약은 무효합니다. (This contract is invalid.)
Connective Endings (Reason/Cause)
To explain why something is 무효하다, use connective endings like -서 (-seo), -기 때문에 (-gi ttaemun-e), or -므로 (-meuro). Example: 서명이 없어서 이 계약서는 무효하다. (Because there is no signature, this contract is invalid.)
Passive Voice
The passive form '무효화되다' (to be invalidated) is often used when an external agent causes something to become invalid. Example: 이전의 허가는 새로운 규정에 의해 무효화되었다. (The previous permit was invalidated by the new regulations.)
Noun Modification
The adjective form '무효한' (invalid) can modify nouns. Example: 무효한 계약은 효력이 없다. (An invalid contract has no effect.)
Using the Noun Form '무효'
The noun '무효' (invalidity) is used in phrases like '무효 처리' (processing as invalid) or '무효 판결' (ruling of invalidity). Example: 그 투표는 무효 처리되었다. (That vote was processed as invalid.)
Exemples par niveau
이 쿠폰은 유효 기간이 지나서 무효하다.
This coupon is invalid because its validity period has passed.
유효 기간 (yuhyo gigan) means validity period. 지나서 (jinaseo) means after passing.
그 표는 위조된 것이라 무효하다.
That ticket is invalid because it was forged.
위조되다 (wijodoe-da) means to be forged. -라 (-ra) is a connective ending similar to 'because'.
서명이 없어서 이 계약서는 무효하다.
This contract is invalid because there is no signature.
서명 (seomyeong) means signature. -이/가 없어서 (-i/ga eopseoseo) means because there is no.
만약 규칙을 어기면, 당신의 참가 자격은 무효하다.
If you break the rules, your eligibility to participate is invalid.
규칙 (gyuchik) means rules. 어기면 (eogimyeon) means if you break. 참가 자격 (chamga jagyeok) means eligibility to participate.
이 투표는 이름이 없어서 무효 처리되었다.
This vote was processed as invalid because it had no name.
투표 (tupyo) means vote. 이름 (ireum) means name. -이/가 없어서 (-i/ga eopseoseo) means because there is no. 무효 처리되다 (muhyo cheoridoeda) means to be processed as invalid.
오래된 법은 현대 사회에 무효하다.
Old laws are invalid for modern society.
오래된 (oraedoen) means old. 현대 사회 (hyeondae sahoe) means modern society.
증거가 부족해서 판결은 무효하다.
The verdict is invalid due to lack of evidence.
증거 (jeunggeo) means evidence. 부족해서 (bujokhaeseo) means because it is lacking.
이 제안은 공식적으로 무효하다.
This proposal is officially invalid.
제안 (jean) means proposal. 공식적으로 (gongsikjeogeuro) means officially.
부당한 압력 하에 체결된 계약은 법적으로 무효하다.
A contract signed under undue pressure is legally invalid.
부당한 압력 (budanghan amnyeok) means undue pressure. 체결되다 (chegyoldoeda) means to be concluded/signed. 법적으로 (beopjeogeuro) means legally.
기한을 넘긴 신청서는 더 이상 효력이 없어 무효하다.
An application that has passed its deadline is invalid and has no further effect.
기한을 넘기다 (gihaneul neomgida) means to exceed the deadline. 더 이상 (deo isang) means any longer.
내부 규정이 법률과 충돌할 경우, 내부 규정은 무효하다.
If internal regulations conflict with the law, the internal regulations are invalid.
내부 규정 (naebu gyujeong) means internal regulation. 법률 (beomnyul) means law. 충돌하다 (chungdolhada) means to conflict.
그 결정은 절차상 하자가 있어 무효로 간주된다.
That decision is considered invalid due to procedural flaws.
결정 (gyeoljeong) means decision. 절차상 하자 (jeolchasang haja) means procedural flaw. -로 간주되다 (-ro ganjudoe-da) means to be considered as.
존재하지 않는 주소로 보낸 편지는 반송되어 무효하다.
A letter sent to a non-existent address is returned and is invalid.
존재하지 않는 (jonjaehaji anneun) means non-existent. 주소 (juso) means address. 반송되다 (bansongdoeda) means to be returned (mail).
이 증서는 위조되었으므로 법적 효력이 무효하다.
This certificate is forged, therefore its legal effect is invalid.
증서 (jeungseo) means certificate. 위조되다 (wijodoe-da) means to be forged. 법적 효력 (beopjeok hyoryeok) means legal effect.
조건이 충족되지 않으면, 그 합의는 무효가 된다.
If the conditions are not met, that agreement becomes invalid.
조건 (jogeon) means condition. 충족되다 (chungjokdoeda) means to be met/satisfied. 합의 (habui) means agreement. -가 되다 (-ga doeda) means to become.
이전의 허가는 새로운 규정에 의해 무효화되었다.
The previous permit has been invalidated by the new regulations.
이전의 (ijeonui) means previous. 허가 (heoga) means permit. 새로운 규정 (saeroun gyujeong) means new regulations. 무효화되다 (muhyohwadoeda) means to be invalidated.
법원은 해당 법규가 헌법에 위배된다는 이유로 이를 무효로 선언했다.
The court declared the relevant law invalid on the grounds that it violates the constitution.
법원 (beobwon) means court. 해당 법규 (haedang beopgyu) means relevant law/regulation. 헌법 (heonbeop) means constitution. 위배되다 (wibaedoeda) means to violate. -는 이유로 (-neun iyuro) means on the grounds that. -로 선언하다 (-ro seoneonhada) means to declare as.
그는 자신의 서명이 위조되었다고 주장하며 계약의 무효를 주장했다.
He argued for the invalidity of the contract, claiming his signature was forged.
그는 (geuneun) means he. 자신의 (jasinui) means his own. 서명 (seomyeong) means signature. 위조되다 (wijodoe-da) means to be forged. 주장하다 (jujanghada) means to claim/argue. 계약의 무효 (gyeyagui muhyo) means invalidity of the contract.
의사소통의 부재로 인해, 당사자 간의 합의는 법적으로 무효하다.
Due to a lack of communication, the agreement between the parties is legally invalid.
의사소통 (uisosotong) means communication. 부재 (bujae) means absence. 당사자 (dang-saja) means party (in a contract/dispute). 합의 (habui) means agreement.
이전의 판결이 새로운 증거에 의해 뒤집히면서, 그 관련 조항은 무효가 되었다.
As the previous ruling was overturned by new evidence, the related provisions became invalid.
이전의 판결 (ijeonui pangyeol) means previous ruling. 새로운 증거 (saeroun jeunggeo) means new evidence. 뒤집히다 (dwijiphida) means to be overturned. 관련 조항 (gwallyeon johang) means related provision.
기술적인 결함으로 인해 해당 소프트웨어의 라이선스는 무효 처리될 수 있다.
The license for that software can be invalidated due to a technical defect.
기술적인 결함 (gisuljeogin gyeolham) means technical defect. 소프트웨어 (sopeuteuweeo) means software. 라이선스 (raiseonseu) means license. -될 수 있다 (-doel su itda) means can be.
그 협상은 무효한 것으로 간주되었는데, 이는 상대방의 기만 행위 때문이었다.
The negotiation was deemed invalid, which was due to the other party's deceptive actions.
협상 (hyeopsang) means negotiation. 무효한 것 (muhyohan geot) means invalid thing. 간주되다 (ganjudoeda) means to be deemed. 상대방 (sangdaebang) means the other party. 기만 행위 (giman haengwi) means deceptive action.
만료된 여권으로는 어떠한 법적 절차도 진행할 수 없으므로 무효하다.
No legal procedures can be carried out with an expired passport, therefore it is invalid.
만료된 (mallyodoen) means expired. 여권 (yeogwon) means passport. 어떠한 (eotteohan) means any. 법적 절차 (beopjeok jeolcha) means legal procedure. 진행하다 (jinhaenghada) means to proceed.
이 계약 조항은 불공정 경쟁을 조장한다는 이유로 무효화될 가능성이 있다.
This contract clause has the potential to be invalidated on the grounds that it promotes unfair competition.
계약 조항 (gyeyak johang) means contract clause. 불공정 경쟁 (bulgongjeong gyeongjaeng) means unfair competition. 조장하다 (jojanghada) means to promote/foster. -ㄹ 가능성이 있다 (-l ganeungseongi itda) means there is a possibility that.
불법적인 수단으로 획득한 증거는 재판에서 증거 능력이 없어 무효하다.
Evidence obtained through illegal means is invalid as it lacks evidentiary capacity in court.
불법적인 수단 (bulbeopjeogin sudan) means illegal means. 획득하다 (hoekdeukhada) means to obtain. 증거 능력 (jeunggeo neungnyeok) means evidentiary capacity. 재판 (jaepan) means trial/court proceeding.
그 회사의 파산 신청은 절차적 결함으로 인해 무효로 결정되었다.
The company's bankruptcy filing was ruled invalid due to procedural defects.
회사 (hoesa) means company. 파산 신청 (pasan sincheong) means bankruptcy filing. 절차적 결함 (jeolchajeok gyeolham) means procedural defect. 결정되다 (gyeoljeongdoeda) means to be decided/ruled.
이 약관은 소비자의 권리를 과도하게 침해하므로 무효하다는 판결이 내려졌다.
A ruling was made that these terms and conditions are invalid because they excessively infringe upon consumer rights.
약관 (yakgwan) means terms and conditions. 소비자 (sobijja) means consumer. 권리 (gwolli) means rights. 과도하게 (gwadohage) means excessively. 침해하다 (chimhaehada) means to infringe upon. 판결 (pangyeol) means ruling/judgment.
정부의 일방적인 결정으로 인해 기존의 조약은 사실상 무효가 되었다.
Due to the government's unilateral decision, the existing treaty has effectively become invalid.
정부 (jeongbu) means government. 일방적인 결정 (ilbangjeogin gyeoljeong) means unilateral decision. 기존의 (gijonui) means existing. 조약 (joyak) means treaty. 사실상 (silsang) means effectively/virtually.
그는 자신의 이익을 위해 법을 악용했으며, 그의 행위는 법적으로 무효하다.
He exploited the law for his own gain, and his actions are legally invalid.
이익 (iik) means gain/profit. 악용하다 (ag-yonghada) means to exploit/abuse. 행위 (haengwi) means action.
수사가 진행됨에 따라, 범죄 혐의와 관련된 모든 증거는 무효하다는 것이 밝혀졌다.
As the investigation proceeded, it was revealed that all evidence related to the criminal charges was invalid.
수사 (susa) means investigation. 진행되다 (jinhaengdoeda) means to proceed. 범죄 혐의 (beomjoe hyeomui) means criminal charges. 밝혀지다 (balkyeojida) means to be revealed.
그의 진술은 명백한 모순으로 인해 신빙성을 잃었고, 법정에서 무효 처리되었다.
His statement lost its credibility due to clear contradictions and was rendered invalid in court.
진술 (jinsul) means statement. 명백한 모순 (myeongbaekhan mosun) means clear contradiction. 신빙성 (sinbingseong) means credibility. 잃다 (ilta) means to lose. 법정 (beopjeong) means courtroom.
이러한 부당한 대우는 계약의 효력을 무효로 만들 수 있는 중대한 사유가 된다.
Such unfair treatment constitutes a significant reason that can render the contract's effect invalid.
부당한 대우 (budanghan daeu) means unfair treatment. 중대한 사유 (jungdaehan sayu) means significant reason. 만들다 (mandeulda) means to make.
해당 법률은 소급 적용될 수 없으며, 따라서 이전의 행위에 대해서는 무효하다.
The relevant law cannot be applied retroactively, and therefore is invalid with respect to prior actions.
소급 적용되다 (so-geup jeog-yongdoeda) means to be applied retroactively. 따라서 (ttaraseo) means therefore. 이전의 행위 (ijeonui haengwi) means prior actions.
헌법재판소의 결정에 따라, 해당 조항은 그 효력을 상실하고 법률적으로 무효한 것으로 간주된다.
Following the Constitutional Court's decision, the relevant provision has lost its effect and is considered legally invalid.
헌법재판소 (heonbeopjaepanso) means Constitutional Court. 효력을 상실하다 (hyoryeogeul sangsilhada) means to lose effect. 법률적으로 (beomnyuljeogeuro) means legally.
계약 당사자 간의 중대한 착오는 계약을 무효로 만드는 근거가 될 수 있다.
A material mistake between the contracting parties can serve as grounds for rendering the contract invalid.
중대한 착오 (jungdaehan chago) means material mistake. -는 근거가 되다 (-neun geungeoga doeda) means to serve as grounds for.
국제 조약의 해석에 있어, 각국의 국내법과 충돌하는 부분은 무효로 간주될 수 있다.
In the interpretation of international treaties, parts that conflict with each nation's domestic law may be considered invalid.
국제 조약 (gukje joyak) means international treaty. 해석 (haeseok) means interpretation. 국내법 (guknaebeop) means domestic law.
그는 공권력의 남용을 주장하며, 자신에게 내려진 판결은 무효라고 항변했다.
He argued that the verdict against him was invalid, asserting an abuse of public authority.
공권력 (gonggwonryeok) means public authority. 남용 (namyong) means abuse. 항변하다 (hangbyeonhada) means to argue/protest.
이러한 유형의 계약은 공공의 질서에 반하므로 법적으로 무효하다.
This type of contract is legally invalid as it contravenes public order.
공공의 질서 (gonggongui jilseo) means public order. 반하다 (banhada) means to contravene/violate.
명백한 권리 남용으로 인해, 법원은 그 이전의 모든 결정을 무효로 돌렸다.
Due to clear abuse of rights, the court nullified all prior decisions.
권리 남용 (gwolli namyong) means abuse of rights. 돌리다 (dollida) means to turn/reverse (in this context, to nullify).
합리적인 이유 없이 이루어진 결정은 사법 심사의 대상이 되며, 종종 무효하다는 판결을 받는다.
Decisions made without reasonable grounds are subject to judicial review and often ruled invalid.
합리적인 이유 (hamnijeogin iyu) means reasonable grounds. 사법 심사 (sabeop simsa) means judicial review. 대상이 되다 (daesangi doeda) means to become the subject of.
Collocations courantes
Phrases Courantes
— Legally invalid. This phrase emphasizes that something lacks legal standing or is not enforceable by law.
이 계약은 법적으로 무효하다 because it violates consumer protection laws.
— To have no effect. This is a very common way to express that something is no longer valid or binding.
The expired coupon has no effect and is therefore invalid.
— To process as invalid. This is used when an official body or system marks something as not valid.
ballots with improper markings are processed as invalid.
— To become invalid. This phrase describes the state of something losing its validity.
If the conditions are not met, the agreement will become invalid.
— A ruling of invalidity. This refers to a formal decision by a court or authority declaring something invalid.
The court issued a ruling of invalidity on the grounds of insufficient evidence.
— Invalid (adjective form). This is the direct adjective used to describe something that is invalid.
An invalid contract has no legal standing.
— An invalid clause. This refers to a specific part of a contract or document that is not legally binding.
This specific clause is considered an invalid clause due to its discriminatory nature.
— To invalidate. This is the verb form meaning to make something invalid.
The government decided to invalidate the previous decree.
— An invalid building. This could refer to a building constructed without proper permits or violating building codes, making its legal status questionable.
The construction was halted because the building was deemed an invalid building.
— An invalid vote. This refers to a vote that is disqualified due to errors in marking or other irregularities.
Many invalid votes were cast in the election due to unclear instructions.
Souvent confondu avec
While something 무효하다 might be 쓸모없다 (useless), the terms are not interchangeable. 무효하다 specifically refers to a lack of legal or official force, whereas 쓸모없다 simply means it serves no purpose or function.
무효하다 means invalid, while 취소되다 means 'to be canceled.' An item can be canceled, making it 무효하다, but the focus of 취소되다 is the act of cancellation itself.
망가지다 means 'to be broken' or 'to malfunction.' This is a physical or functional issue, whereas 무효하다 relates to legal or official status. A broken item is not necessarily legally invalid.
Expressions idiomatiques
— Literally 'to stamp a seal.' In a legal or contractual context, this implies finalizing an agreement. If the seal is improperly applied or the document is otherwise flawed, the agreement might be considered 무효하다.
계약서에 제대로 된 도장을 찍지 않으면, 계약이 무효하다고 주장할 수도 있다. (If a proper seal is not stamped on the contract, one might argue the contract is invalid.)
— A promise that is 'just words.' This refers to a commitment that lacks any real substance or legal backing, making it effectively 무효하다 in terms of enforceability.
그의 약속은 말 뿐인 약속이라 법적으로 무효하다. (His promise is just words, so it's legally invalid.)
— A piece of toilet paper. This idiom describes something utterly worthless and without any power or validity, much like something that is 무효하다.
그 법은 너무 구식이어서 이제는 휴지 조각이나 다름없다 (즉, 무효하다). (That law is so outdated it's now like a piece of toilet paper (i.e., invalid).)
— Clouds floating in the air. This idiom refers to something that is vague, uncertain, or lacks a solid foundation, making it potentially 무효하다.
그 제안은 너무 모호해서 공중에 뜬 구름 같았고, 결국 무효하다는 결론이 났다. (The proposal was so vague it was like clouds floating in the air, and ultimately was concluded to be invalid.)
— An empty shell. This idiom describes something that appears to have substance but is actually hollow or meaningless, thus lacking real validity or power.
그는 권력은 있지만, 그의 결정은 빈 껍데기처럼 무효하다. (He has power, but his decisions are invalid like an empty shell.)
— A paper tiger. This refers to something that appears powerful but is actually weak and ineffective, similar to something being 무효하다.
그 규정은 강력해 보였지만, 실제로는 집행되지 않아 종이 호랑이처럼 무효하다. (The regulation looked strong, but in reality, it wasn't enforced and is invalid like a paper tiger.)
— A cake in a picture. This idiom describes something that is desirable but unattainable or lacks practical value, making it effectively 무효하다 in terms of benefit.
그 혜택은 그림의 떡이라 실제로 무효하다. (That benefit is like a cake in a picture, so it's effectively invalid.)
— A visually appealing but sour apricot. This idiom refers to something that looks good on the surface but lacks substance or quality, making it effectively 무효하다.
그 회사의 발표는 빛 좋은 개살구였고, 실제로는 무효하다는 것이 드러났다. (The company's announcement was a visually appealing but sour apricot, and it was revealed to be effectively invalid.)
— Bubbles (in water). This idiom describes something that is fleeting, insubstantial, and ultimately disappears without leaving any lasting effect, much like something that is 무효하다.
그의 노력은 물거품이 되어 무효하다. (His efforts became bubbles and are invalid.)
— In vain; futility. This refers to something that is done without any result or effect, making it essentially 무효하다.
그의 항의는 허사로 돌아갔고, 결정은 무효하다. (His protest was in vain, and the decision is invalid.)
Facile à confondre
It is the direct antonym and used in similar contexts.
<strong>무효하다</strong> means invalid, lacking legal or official force. <strong>유효하다</strong> means valid, having legal or official force. They are opposite states. For example, an expired ticket is <strong>무효하다</strong>, while a valid ticket is <strong>유효하다</strong>.
이 티켓은 <strong>무효하다</strong>. / 이 티켓은 <strong>유효하다</strong>.
It is a phrase that very closely matches the meaning of <strong>무효하다</strong>.
<strong>무효하다</strong> is an adjective meaning 'invalid.' 효력이 없다 is a phrase meaning 'to have no effect.' While often used interchangeably in formal contexts, <strong>무효하다</strong> specifically points to a lack of legal or official standing, whereas 효력이 없다 can sometimes refer to a lack of practical consequence.
그 계약은 <strong>무효하다</strong>. (The contract is invalid.) vs. 그 계약은 <strong>효력이 없다</strong>. (The contract has no effect.)
They share the same root and concept.
<strong>무효하다</strong> is an adjective meaning 'to be invalid.' 무효 is a noun meaning 'invalidity' or 'nullity.' You describe something *as* <strong>무효하다</strong>, or you talk about the state of <strong>무효</strong>. For example, 'This contract is invalid' is '이 계약은 <strong>무효하다</strong>.' 'The invalidity of the contract' is '계약의 <strong>무효</strong>.'
계약이 <strong>무효하다</strong>. (The contract is invalid.) / 계약의 <strong>무효</strong>를 주장했다. (He argued for the contract's invalidity.)
A canceled item can become invalid.
<strong>무효하다</strong> means invalid from the start or has lost its validity. 취소되다 means 'to be canceled,' implying a deliberate act of revocation. Something can be <strong>무효하다</strong> without being explicitly canceled (e.g., a law that is unconstitutional), and something canceled might become <strong>무효하다</strong> as a result.
이 허가는 <strong>무효하다</strong>. (This permit is invalid.) / 이 허가는 <strong>취소되었다</strong>. (This permit was canceled.)
Both relate to things not being recognized.
<strong>무효하다</strong> describes the state of something lacking validity. 무시하다 is a verb meaning 'to ignore' or 'to disregard.' You might ignore something that is <strong>무효하다</strong>, but the words themselves are different. <strong>무효하다</strong> is about inherent lack of power, while 무시하다 is about an action of not acknowledging.
그 법은 <strong>무효하다</strong>. (That law is invalid.) / 우리는 그 법을 <strong>무시했다</strong>. (We ignored that law.)
Structures de phrases
[Noun]은/는 <strong>무효하다</strong>.
이 표는 <strong>무효하다</strong>.
[Reason], [Noun]은/는 <strong>무효하다</strong>.
유효 기간이 지나서, 이 쿠폰은 <strong>무효하다</strong>.
[Subject]은/는 [Reason Phrase]으로/로 <strong>무효하다</strong>.
그 결정은 절차상 하자로 <strong>무효하다</strong>.
[Subject]은/는 [Reason Clause] 때문에 <strong>무효가 되다</strong>.
조건이 충족되지 않으면, 그 합의는 <strong>무효가 된다</strong>.
[Authority]은/는 [Subject]을/를 [Reason]으로/로 <strong>무효로 선언하다</strong>.
법원은 해당 법규를 <strong>무효로 선언했다</strong>.
[Subject]은/는 [Reason]으로/로 인해 <strong>무효하다</strong>.
의사소통의 부재로 인해, 그 합의는 법적으로 <strong>무효하다</strong>.
[Subject]은/는 [Reason]으로/로 <strong>무효하다</strong>는 판결을 받다.
그 약관은 소비자의 권리를 침해한다는 이유로 <strong>무효하다는 판결을 받았다</strong>.
[Subject]은/는 [Reason]으로/로 <strong>무효한 것으로 간주되다</strong>.
이러한 불법적인 증거는 <strong>무효한 것으로 간주된다</strong>.
Famille de mots
Noms
Verbes
Adjectifs
Apparenté
Comment l'utiliser
Medium in formal contexts, Low in general conversation.
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Using '무효하다' in informal settings.
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Use '무효하다' in formal contexts like legal or official discussions. For informal settings, use simpler terms.
Saying 'My apology is invalid' to a friend using <strong>무효하다</strong> sounds overly formal and unnatural. Instead, you might say '미안해, 내 사과는 소용없었어' (I'm sorry, my apology was useless) or simply express regret.
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Confusing '무효하다' with ' expired' or 'broken'.
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Use specific terms for expiration or malfunction. Use '무효하다' for legal/official invalidity.
An expired coupon is '기한이 지나서 쓸모없다' (useless because the deadline passed) or '만료되었다' (expired). A broken phone is '고장났다' (is broken). <strong>무효하다</strong> applies when something loses its legal standing.
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Incorrectly conjugating '무효하다'.
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Conjugate '무효하다' correctly based on the sentence structure and politeness level.
Forgetting to add the appropriate endings like -ㅂ니다/-습니다 or -아요/-어요 can lead to grammatical errors. For example, saying just '무효' as a predicate is incorrect; it should be '무효합니다' or '무효해요'.
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Using '무효하다' when '취소되다' (to be canceled) is more appropriate.
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Distinguish between the state of invalidity and the act of cancellation.
If an event was officially called off, it was '취소되었다' (canceled). While this might make related arrangements <strong>무효하다</strong>, the primary action was cancellation. <strong>무효하다</strong> describes the resulting lack of validity.
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Overusing '무효하다' for minor issues.
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Reserve '무효하다' for situations where legal or official validity is genuinely in question.
Don't describe a slightly inconvenient rule as <strong>무효하다</strong>. It implies a lack of proper authority or legal standing. For minor inconveniences, use words like '불편하다' (inconvenient) or '이상하다' (strange).
Astuces
Formal Register is Key
Remember that 무효하다 is primarily used in formal and official contexts like legal documents, government regulations, and business contracts. Using it in casual conversation might sound unnatural or overly stiff. For everyday situations, consider simpler expressions if the context isn't strictly legal or official.
Invalid vs. Broken
Don't confuse 무효하다 (invalid, lacking legal/official force) with words like 'broken' (고장나다) or 'useless' (쓸모없다). While a broken item might be useless, it's not necessarily legally invalid. 무효하다 specifically pertains to legitimacy and enforceability in a formal system.
Know its Opposite
Understanding the antonym, 유효하다 (valid, effective), can greatly help in grasping the meaning of 무효하다. Think of it as a spectrum: on one end is 무효하다 (no power/effect), and on the other is 유효하다 (full power/effect).
Adjective Conjugation
As an adjective, 무효하다 conjugates like other descriptive verbs. Pay attention to its endings when used in different sentence structures, such as -ㅂ니다/-습니다 for formal polite speech or -아요/-어요 for informal polite speech. For example, '무효합니다' or '무효해요'.
Sound Association
Try associating the sound '무 (mu)' with 'nothing' and '효 (hyo)' with 'effect.' So, '무효' means 'no effect,' and when something has no effect in a legal or official sense, it is 무효하다.
Reason is Key
When using 무효하다, it's often helpful to state the reason why something is invalid. This makes your statement clearer and more informative. For example, 'This contract is invalid because it was signed under duress.'
Common Pairings
Learn common phrases like '법적으로 무효하다' (legally invalid), '효력이 없다' (has no effect), and '무효 처리하다' (to process as invalid). These collocations will help you use the word more naturally.
Importance of Validity
In Korean culture, formal agreements and regulations hold significant weight. The concept of validity (유효하다) and invalidity (무효하다) is therefore crucial in maintaining order and trust in legal and administrative systems.
Related Terms
Expand your vocabulary by learning related terms like '무효' (noun: invalidity), '무효화하다' (verb: to invalidate), and '무효화되다' (verb: to be invalidated). This will give you a more comprehensive understanding.
Use it in Sentences
The best way to master 무효하다 is to actively use it. Try constructing sentences describing various scenarios where something might be legally or officially invalid. The more you practice, the more natural it will become.
Mémorise-le
Moyen mnémotechnique
Imagine a 'Moo' sound (무) coming from a cow that has no 'Hyo' (효) effect on its milk production – it's completely ineffective, therefore, 무효하다 (invalid). Or, think of a 'Moo' (무) sound from a very 'Hyo' (효) son who is completely useless to his parents – his existence has no positive effect, making him 무효하다 in their eyes (use with caution, this is for memorization only!).
Association visuelle
Picture a contract document with a large, bold red stamp across it that says 'INVALID' or 'NULL AND VOID.' The stamp visually represents the state of being 무효하다.
Word Web
Défi
Try to explain a situation where something becomes invalid (e.g., an expired ticket, a voided contract) using the word 무효하다 in Korean. Focus on clearly stating why it is 무효하다.
Origine du mot
The word 무효하다 is derived from Hanja (Chinese characters used in Korean). It is composed of '무' (無, mu) meaning 'nothing' or 'without,' and '효' (效, hyo) meaning 'effect,' 'efficacy,' or 'value.' Thus, literally, it means 'without effect.' The '-하다' (-hada) is a common verb-forming suffix in Korean.
Sens originel : Without effect, lacking efficacy.
Korean (influenced by Chinese)Contexte culturel
While 무효하다 is a neutral term describing a state of invalidity, its application can have serious implications, especially in legal and financial contexts. It's important to use it accurately and responsibly, particularly when discussing matters that affect individuals or organizations.
In English, we use terms like 'invalid,' 'null and void,' 'unenforceable,' or 'void' to convey similar meanings. The Korean term 무효하다 encapsulates these concepts within a single adjective.
Pratique dans la vie réelle
Contextes réels
Legal Documents
- 계약이 무효하다
- 법적으로 무효
- 무효 조항
- 무효 판결
Government Regulations
- 규정이 무효하다
- 법이 무효화되다
- 무효 처리
- 효력이 없다
Elections and Voting
- 투표가 무효하다
- 무효표
- 무효 처리되다
- 결과 무효
Business Agreements
- 협상이 무효하다
- 합의가 무효
- 무효화하다
- 법적 구속력이 없다
Expired Items
- 쿠폰이 무효하다
- 티켓이 무효
- 유효 기간이 지나 무효
- 더 이상 유효하지 않다
Amorces de conversation
"Have you ever encountered a situation where a contract was declared invalid?"
"What happens when a law is deemed to be 'muhyohada'?"
"Can you think of examples where a vote might be considered 'muhyohada'?"
"What's the difference between something being 'muhyohada' and simply 'broken'?"
"How important is it for official documents to be 'yuhyohada' (valid)?"
Sujets d'écriture
Describe a time you had to deal with an invalid document or agreement. What was the situation, and how was it resolved?
Imagine you are a lawyer. Write a short argument explaining why a particular contract should be considered 'muhyohada'.
Reflect on the importance of laws and regulations being valid. What would happen if many laws suddenly became 'muhyohada'?
Think about a fictional scenario where a magical item loses its power and becomes 'muhyohada'. Describe the item and why it lost its validity.
Write a short dialogue between two people discussing an expired ticket or coupon, using the word 'muhyohada' appropriately.
Questions fréquentes
10 questions'무효하다' means invalid, null, or void, indicating a lack of legal or official force. '유효하다' is its direct antonym and means valid, effective, or legally binding. For example, an expired passport is 무효하다, while a current passport is 유효하다.
Use 무효하다 when referring to something that lacks legal or official power or recognition. This is common for contracts, laws, permits, votes, or any official document that is not legally binding. It's a formal term typically used in legal, governmental, or business contexts.
While an expired food item might be considered 'no good' or 'unusable,' 무효하다 is generally reserved for things with legal or official standing. For everyday items, terms like '상하다' (to spoil) or '기한이 지나다' (past the deadline) are more common. However, in a very informal, slightly humorous context, one might say an expired coupon is 무효하다.
The noun form is '무효' (muhyo), which means 'invalidity' or 'nullity.' For instance, you might hear '계약의 무효' (the invalidity of the contract) or '무효 처리' (processing as invalid).
To say 'to invalidate' something, you can use the verb '무효화하다' (muhyohada). For example, 'The court invalidated the contract' would be '법원이 계약을 무효화했다.' The passive form is '무효화되다' (muhyohwadoeda), meaning 'to be invalidated.'
Yes, '무효하다' inherently describes a negative state – the absence of validity or force. It signifies that something is not recognized or enforceable. However, stating that something is 무효하다 is objective and factual, especially in legal contexts, rather than being an inherently negative judgment on a person.
Both phrases mean something like 'invalid' or 'having no effect.' '무효하다' is an adjective specifically denoting a lack of legal or official validity. '효력이 없다' is a phrase meaning 'to have no effect,' which can sometimes be broader but is often used interchangeably with 무효하다 in formal settings.
Yes, absolutely. If a law is found to be unconstitutional or violates higher legal principles, it can be declared 무효하다 by a court. For example, '그 법은 위헌이라 무효하다.' (That law is unconstitutional and therefore invalid.)
In elections, a vote can be declared 무효하다 if it is cast improperly, such as by making an invalid mark, voting for too many candidates, or if the voter is ineligible. These are often referred to as '무효표' (invalid votes).
The opposite of 무효하다 is '유효하다' (yuhyohada), which means 'valid' or 'effective.' For example, 'This ticket is valid' is '이 티켓은 유효하다.'
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Summary
무효하다 (muhyohada) is a crucial adjective in Korean used to describe anything that lacks legal or official power, such as invalid contracts, laws, or votes. It signifies that something is not recognized or enforceable by authorities. The antonym is 유효하다 (yuhyohada), meaning valid.
- 무효하다 means invalid, null and void.
- Used for things lacking legal or official force.
- Common in legal, government, and business contexts.
- Antonym is 유효하다 (valid).
Formal Register is Key
Remember that 무효하다 is primarily used in formal and official contexts like legal documents, government regulations, and business contracts. Using it in casual conversation might sound unnatural or overly stiff. For everyday situations, consider simpler expressions if the context isn't strictly legal or official.
Invalid vs. Broken
Don't confuse 무효하다 (invalid, lacking legal/official force) with words like 'broken' (고장나다) or 'useless' (쓸모없다). While a broken item might be useless, it's not necessarily legally invalid. 무효하다 specifically pertains to legitimacy and enforceability in a formal system.
Know its Opposite
Understanding the antonym, 유효하다 (valid, effective), can greatly help in grasping the meaning of 무효하다. Think of it as a spectrum: on one end is 무효하다 (no power/effect), and on the other is 유효하다 (full power/effect).
Adjective Conjugation
As an adjective, 무효하다 conjugates like other descriptive verbs. Pay attention to its endings when used in different sentence structures, such as -ㅂ니다/-습니다 for formal polite speech or -아요/-어요 for informal polite speech. For example, '무효합니다' or '무효해요'.
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~에 관하여
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~에 대해(서)
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무엇보다
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추상화하다
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추상
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