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A2 noun #2,000 le plus courant 8 min de lecture

ugh!

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces ugh! en 30 secondes
Explication ugh! in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners focus on the most basic and visceral expressions of 'ugh'. The primary word is 'Eca!'. This is taught alongside food vocabulary and basic feelings. An A1 student learns that when they see a vegetable they don't like or a dirty floor, they can say 'Eca!' to communicate their dislike instantly. It's a 'survival' word that helps in basic social interactions. They also learn 'Que nojo!' as a simple phrase. The goal at this level is simply to recognize the sound and use it in the correct physical context (disgust). They might also encounter 'Aff' in text messages or comics and learn it as a sign of being 'unhappy' or 'annoyed'. The focus is on immediate, concrete reactions to the environment. Exercises usually involve matching the sound to a picture of something gross like a rotten apple or a muddy shoe.
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At the A2 level, the learner begins to distinguish between types of 'ugh'. They learn that 'Aff!' is used for social annoyance, like waiting for a late friend, while 'Eca!' is for physical things. This level introduces the idea of 'exasperation'. A2 learners are expected to use these interjections to make their speech sound more natural and less like a textbook. They start to see 'Credo!' and 'Putz!' as variations. The focus shifts from just 'disgust' to 'annoyance' and 'mild frustration'. They learn that these words are 'interjections'—words that don't change form and stand alone. They also begin to understand that tone of voice is just as important as the word itself. For example, a long 'Aff...' vs. a short 'Aff!' can mean different levels of frustration.
By B1, the learner is comfortable using a variety of interjections to express nuance. They understand that 'Ufa!' is the 'ugh' of relief and can use it correctly after finishing an exam. They also start to recognize regional variations, such as the difference between how a Brazilian and a Portuguese person might express annoyance. B1 students can use these words to describe their feelings in more detail, for example: 'Eu disse eca porque a comida estava fria' (I said ugh because the food was cold). They also learn about the register—knowing that 'Aff' is very informal and might not be appropriate when talking to a boss. This level focuses on the social appropriateness of these exclamations and using them to manage the flow of a conversation, such as using 'Aff' to show empathy when a friend is complaining about something.
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At the B2 level, learners use 'ugh' equivalents to express complex attitudes. They might use 'Credo' ironically or to comment on a social situation. They understand the cultural connotations, such as the religious origin of 'Credo' and 'Cruzes'. B2 students can identify these words in literature and understand the specific tone the author is trying to convey. They also learn more sophisticated synonyms like 'Que asco' or 'Que repulsa' for more formal or intense contexts. They can discuss the concept of 'nojo' (disgust) as a psychological state. At this level, the learner is not just using the words but is analyzing their impact on the listener and using them to build a specific persona or to fit into a specific social group (like using youth-oriented slang).
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C1 learners have a near-native grasp of the 'ugh' spectrum. They can use these interjections with perfect timing and intonation to convey subtle meanings like sarcasm, disbelief, or mock-horror. They understand the etymology of these terms and how they have evolved in modern slang. A C1 student can explain the difference between 'Aff', 'Putz', and 'Nossa' in a way that captures the fine-grained emotional differences. They are also aware of very specific regionalisms, such as 'Arre!' in certain parts of Portugal or 'Bah!' in Rio Grande do Sul. They can use these words in creative writing to give characters authentic voices. The focus is on total linguistic integration and the ability to use these 'small' words to demonstrate high-level fluency and cultural belonging.
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At the C2 level, the mastery is absolute. The learner can use 'ugh' equivalents to navigate any social or professional situation with the finesse of a native speaker. They can appreciate and use these terms in high-level wordplay, puns, and sophisticated humor. They understand the historical shifts in how disgust and annoyance have been expressed in the Portuguese language over centuries. A C2 learner might even use archaic or extremely rare interjections for stylistic effect. They can participate in deep cultural discussions about why certain things trigger an 'Eca!' response in one culture but not another. Their use of these sounds is so natural that it becomes an unconscious part of their speech patterns, reflecting a deep psychological connection to the Portuguese language and its emotional landscape.
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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

ugh! en 30 secondes

  • Used to express disgust (Eca!), annoyance (Aff!), or relief (Ufa!).
  • Crucial for sounding natural in casual Portuguese conversations.
  • Body language and tone are essential for correct usage.
  • Varies significantly between physical disgust and social frustration.

The Portuguese equivalent of the English exclamation "ugh!" is not a single word but a spectrum of interjections that vary based on the specific flavor of the emotion being expressed: disgust, annoyance, or weariness. In Portuguese, the most direct translation for physical disgust is "Eca!" or "Que nojo!". When the emotion leans more toward annoyance or frustration, the ubiquitous "Aff!" (often written as 'Ah' or 'Affz') takes center stage. This linguistic tool serves as a visceral reaction, bypassing complex syntax to deliver an immediate emotional state. It is a fundamental part of the CEFR A2 level because it allows learners to express basic feelings and reactions in social settings without needing a full sentence structure.

Eca!
Used exclusively for physical disgust, such as seeing something dirty or tasting something unpleasant.
Aff!
Used for frustration, impatience, or social annoyance. It is the sound of an exasperated breath.
Ufa!
While 'ugh' in English can sometimes mean weariness, 'Ufa' in Portuguese is the 'ugh' of relief after a long day.

Understanding these nuances is crucial because using the wrong interjection can change the meaning of your reaction entirely. For instance, saying 'Eca' when someone tells you they are tired would be nonsensical and potentially offensive, as it implies their tiredness is disgusting. Instead, the Portuguese speaker uses these sounds as social markers. The sound 'Argh' is also used, primarily in written form (like comics), to denote a guttural growl of anger or intense dislike, mirroring the English usage closely.

"Eca!, tem uma mosca na minha sopa!"

Translation: "Ugh!, there is a fly in my soup!"

"Aff!, o ônibus está atrasado de novo."

Translation: "Ugh!, the bus is late again."

"Credo!, que cheiro horrível é esse?"

Translation: "Ugh/Heavens!, what is that horrible smell?"

"Putz!, esqueci minha carteira em casa."

Translation: "Ugh/Darn!, I forgot my wallet at home."

"Argh!, eu não aguento mais esse barulho!"

Translation: "Ugh/Argh!, I can't stand this noise anymore!"
Contextual Depth
The word 'ugh' is a non-lexical vocable. In Portuguese, these are often more vowel-heavy than the English counterparts, reflecting the phonetic nature of the language.
Social Dynamics
Using 'Aff' in a professional meeting might be seen as disrespectful, whereas 'Ufa' is generally acceptable to show relief after a task.

Using the Portuguese 'ugh' requires an understanding of both phonetics and body language. Unlike English, where 'ugh' is a closed-throat sound, the Portuguese equivalents like "Eca" are very open. To use it correctly, you must match the sound to the intensity of the situation. For instance, a mild dislike of a vegetable might warrant a soft 'Eca', while seeing something truly revolting might lead to a prolonged 'Que noooooojo!'. The interjection "Aff" is often accompanied by a rolling of the eyes or a sharp exhale through the nose. It is the quintessential sound of teenage rebellion or adult frustration with bureaucracy.

When writing, these interjections are often followed by an exclamation mark to denote the sharp, sudden nature of the sound. In digital communication (WhatsApp, Instagram), it is common to see 'Aff' repeated as 'Afffff' to show increased levels of annoyance. This is a key part of modern Portuguese digital literacy. Furthermore, the word "Credo" is used when something is not just gross, but also slightly unsettling or morally objectionable. If someone tells a dark joke, a Portuguese speaker might say 'Credo!' as a way of saying 'Ugh, that's dark/gross'.

"Aff, que preguiça de fazer esse trabalho!"

Usage: Expressing weariness or lack of motivation.

Another important aspect is the 'Ugh' of weariness. In English, you might say 'Ugh, I'm so tired.' In Portuguese, you would likely use "Ai, ai" or "Nossa" with a sighing tone. If the weariness is due to a long, difficult task finally ending, "Ufa" is the correct choice. It is vital to distinguish between 'Eca' (disgust) and 'Aff' (annoyance) because they are not interchangeable. You wouldn't say 'Eca' because your computer crashed; you would say 'Aff' or 'Putz'.

You will encounter these 'ugh' equivalents in almost every facet of daily life in a Portuguese-speaking country. In casual conversations, friends use 'Aff' constantly to complain about the weather, traffic, or prices. On television, specifically in 'novelas' (soap operas), characters use 'Credo!' and 'Que nojo!' to react to scandalous behavior or dirty environments. These words are the building blocks of emotional expression in the language. In schools, children are the primary users of 'Eca!', often directed at school lunches or insects found on the playground.

Social media is a goldmine for these terms. Memes often feature the word 'Aff' over a picture of a frustrated person or animal. In the workplace, while more formal language is expected, colleagues in the breakroom will use 'Ufa' after a stressful meeting or 'Putz' when they realize they made a mistake. If you are watching a cooking show and the chef describes something unappealing, the judges might react with a polite version of disgust, but in a reality show like Big Brother Brasil, you will hear the full range of 'Eca' and 'Aff' as contestants deal with living together.

"Ufa, finalmente o fim de semana chegou!"

Commonly heard on Friday afternoons in offices.

Listening to Brazilian podcasts or watching YouTubers will also expose you to the modern, slang-heavy usage of these terms. They often use 'Aff' as a filler word to show they are unimpressed with a topic. In Portugal, you might hear "Irra!" or "Fogo!" used in similar contexts to 'Aff' or 'Ugh', showing the regional diversity of the Lusophone world. Understanding these sounds is just as important as understanding verbs, as they provide the emotional context for the entire conversation.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make is trying to literally pronounce 'ugh' as it is written in English while speaking Portuguese. The 'gh' sound doesn't exist in Portuguese in that way, and saying it will likely result in confusion. Instead, learners should adopt the local sounds like "Eca" or "Aff". Another mistake is using 'Eca' for frustration. If you are stuck in traffic and say 'Eca!', people will look for something disgusting on the floor rather than understanding that you are annoyed.

Another nuance is the use of "Ufa". English speakers sometimes use 'ugh' to mean 'I'm so glad that's over,' but 'ugh' in English is usually negative. In Portuguese, 'Ufa' is purely positive relief. If you use 'Aff' when you should use 'Ufa', you will sound like you are complaining about something good happening. Additionally, learners often forget the cultural weight of "Credo". While it's used for 'ugh', it carries a slight connotation of 'God forbid' or 'How awful'. Using it for a simple bad taste might be a bit dramatic, though still understood.

Finally, overusing 'Aff' can make you sound perpetually grumpy. Just like in English, if every second sentence starts with 'ugh', it becomes tiresome for the listener. Balance these interjections with more descriptive language as you progress to higher CEFR levels. Remember that 'Putz' is more for 'Oh no/Darn' and 'Aff' is for 'I'm annoyed by this'. Mixing them up can slightly alter the perceived cause of your reaction.

The world of Portuguese interjections is vast. Beyond the basic 'ugh' equivalents, there are several words that occupy the same emotional space. "Nojo" is the noun for disgust. You often hear "Que nojo!" which literally means 'What disgust!'. This is the most common way to express 'ugh' in a physical sense. "Repulsa" is a more formal, academic word for disgust, used in literature or psychology. "Asco" is another synonym for intense physical loathing, often used to describe something truly stomach-turning.

For the 'ugh' of annoyance, "Chatice" refers to something being annoying or boring. You might say 'Que chatice!' instead of 'Aff'. "Desgosto" is used for a deeper, more emotional 'ugh'—more like 'displeasure' or 'sorrow'. If someone is disappointed in a situation, they might express 'desgosto'. In terms of sounds, "Vixe" (common in Northeast Brazil) can sometimes carry the weight of 'ugh' when something surprising and slightly bad happens, though it's more versatile.

Cruzes!
Similar to 'Credo!', used to express 'ugh' or 'heaven forbid' regarding something creepy or gross.
Droga!
Means 'Darn!' or 'Shoot!', used for the 'ugh' of making a mistake.
Humpf!
The sound of someone being huffy or offended, similar to a specific type of 'ugh'.

In European Portuguese, "Bolas!" or "Caraças!" are used where a Brazilian might say 'Aff' or 'Putz'. These regional synonyms are essential for anyone traveling across the Lusophone world. While 'ugh' is universal in its feeling, its phonetic expression is deeply tied to the local culture and linguistic history of each Portuguese-speaking region.

How Formal Is It?

Niveau de difficulté

Grammaire à connaître

Interjections

Exclamatory sentences

Onomatopoeia in Portuguese

Expressing emotions

Informal contractions

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Exemples par niveau

1

Eca! Eu não gosto de brócolis.

Ugh! I don't like broccoli.

Interjection used at the start of a sentence.

2

Que nojo! O cachorro está sujo.

Ugh! The dog is dirty.

'Que nojo' is a common phrase for disgust.

3

Eca! Tem uma barata ali.

Ugh! There is a cockroach there.

Expressing immediate physical revulsion.

4

Aff, eu estou com fome.

Ugh, I am hungry.

'Aff' used for mild annoyance/unhappiness.

5

Eca, esse suco está ruim.

Ugh, this juice is bad.

Reacting to a bad taste.

6

Que nojo, o lixo está cheio.

Ugh, the trash is full.

Noun-based expression of disgust.

7

Aff, cadê minha chave?

Ugh, where is my key?

Expressing frustration.

8

Eca! Que cheiro é esse?

Ugh! What is that smell?

Reacting to an unpleasant odor.

1

Aff, o trem está muito atrasado hoje.

Ugh, the train is very late today.

Using 'Aff' for situational frustration.

2

Eca! Não toque nesse lixo, está imundo.

Ugh! Don't touch that trash, it's filthy.

Imperative sentence combined with an interjection.

3

Putz, eu esqueci meu guarda-chuva!

Ugh/Darn, I forgot my umbrella!

'Putz' is a common A2 interjection for mistakes.

4

Credo! Que filme de terror horrível.

Ugh/Heavens! What a horrible horror movie.

'Credo' used for something scary or unpleasant.

5

Aff, eu tenho que estudar no sábado.

Ugh, I have to study on Saturday.

Expressing annoyance with a requirement.

6

Ufa! Finalmente terminei a lição.

Ugh/Phew! Finally finished the lesson.

'Ufa' for the 'ugh' of relief.

7

Eca, tem um cabelo na minha comida.

Ugh, there is a hair in my food.

Specific disgust in a social setting.

8

Aff, que preguiça de sair de casa.

Ugh, I'm so lazy to leave the house.

Expressing weariness/lack of motivation.

1

Aff, ele não para de falar um segundo!

Ugh, he doesn't stop talking for a second!

Expressing social annoyance with a person's behavior.

2

Que nojo, como alguém pode morar nesse lugar?

Ugh, how can someone live in this place?

Using 'Que nojo' for a more complex judgment.

3

Credo, você viu o que ele fez na festa?

Ugh/Gosh, did you see what he did at the party?

'Credo' used for moral or social disapproval.

4

Ufa, achei que não ia dar tempo de chegar.

Ugh/Phew, I thought I wouldn't arrive in time.

Relief after a stressful situation.

5

Putz, a bateria do meu celular acabou bem agora.

Ugh, my phone battery died right now.

Reacting to an inconvenient technical failure.

6

Eca, essa água tem um gosto de cloro horrível.

Ugh, this water has a horrible chlorine taste.

Describing a specific sensory disgust.

7

Aff, que falta de educação daquela vendedora.

Ugh, what a lack of manners from that saleswoman.

Expressing indignation at social behavior.

8

Argh, eu odeio quando isso acontece!

Ugh/Argh, I hate when this happens!

'Argh' used for a more intense, guttural frustration.

1

Aff, essa burocracia no Brasil é simplesmente insuportável.

Ugh, this bureaucracy in Brazil is simply unbearable.

Expressing frustration with an abstract system.

2

Que nojo me dá ver tanta corrupção no jornal.

Ugh, it makes me sick to see so much corruption in the news.

Using 'nojo' for moral/political disgust.

3

Credo, que pensamento mais pessimista o seu!

Ugh/Heavens, what a pessimistic thought of yours!

Reacting to a negative statement.

4

Ufa, que alívio saber que todos estão bem após o acidente.

Ugh/Phew, what a relief to know everyone is fine after the accident.

Intense relief in a serious context.

5

Putz, que mancada eu dei ao esquecer o aniversário dela.

Ugh, what a blunder I made by forgetting her birthday.

Using 'Putz' with 'mancada' (blunder/mistake).

6

Eca, essa tendência de moda é bizarra demais para mim.

Ugh, this fashion trend is too bizarre for me.

Expressing aesthetic disgust.

7

Aff, o site caiu justo quando eu ia finalizar a compra.

Ugh, the site crashed just when I was going to finish the purchase.

Frustration with technology at a critical moment.

8

Argh, que raiva desse barulho de obra logo cedo!

Ugh/Argh, I'm so angry at this construction noise so early!

Combining 'Argh' with 'que raiva' (what anger).

1

Aff, a petulância desse sujeito é algo que me tira do sério.

Ugh, this guy's petulance is something that drives me crazy.

High-level vocabulary ('petulância') used with 'Aff'.

2

Que asco me provocam essas atitudes preconceituosas.

Ugh/What loathing these prejudiced attitudes provoke in me.

Using 'asco' for deep, intellectualized disgust.

3

Credo, parece que voltamos à Idade Média com esse comentário.

Ugh/Heavens, it seems we've returned to the Middle Ages with that comment.

Using 'Credo' for sharp social critique.

4

Ufa, a entrega do projeto foi um parto, mas finalmente acabou.

Ugh/Phew, delivering the project was like giving birth, but it's finally over.

Idiomatic expression ('foi um parto') with 'Ufa'.

5

Putz, a conjuntura econômica atual não permite grandes investimentos.

Ugh/Darn, the current economic situation doesn't allow for big investments.

Using 'Putz' in a semi-formal economic discussion.

6

Eca, essa estética 'trash' pode ser arte, mas eu acho pavorosa.

Ugh, this 'trash' aesthetic might be art, but I find it dreadful.

Expressing nuanced aesthetic judgment.

7

Aff, a mediocridade impera em certos setores da administração.

Ugh, mediocrity reigns in certain sectors of administration.

Using 'Aff' to express intellectual frustration.

8

Argh, a dissonância cognitiva dele é simplesmente fascinante.

Ugh/Argh, his cognitive dissonance is simply fascinating.

Sarcastic use of 'Argh' with academic terms.

1

Aff, a vacuidade de tais argumentos beira o insulto à inteligência.

Ugh, the vacuity of such arguments borders on an insult to intelligence.

Extremely formal vocabulary ('vacuidade') paired with a visceral 'Aff'.

2

Que repulsa visceral sinto diante de tamanha desonestidade intelectual.

Ugh/What visceral repulsion I feel in the face of such intellectual dishonesty.

Using 'repulsa visceral' for the highest level of 'ugh'.

3

Credo, a morbidez dessa obra literária é quase palpável.

Ugh/Heavens, the morbidity of this literary work is almost palpable.

Sophisticated use of 'Credo' in literary analysis.

4

Ufa, a catarse proporcionada pelo final da ópera foi sublime.

Ugh/Phew, the catharsis provided by the end of the opera was sublime.

Using 'Ufa' to describe emotional release in high art.

5

Putz, a efemeridade da fama é algo que muitos custam a aceitar.

Ugh/Darn, the ephemerality of fame is something many struggle to accept.

Philosophical use of 'Putz'.

6

Eca, a decadência moral de certas elites é um espetáculo grotesco.

Ugh, the moral decadence of certain elites is a grotesque spectacle.

Using 'Eca' for profound social and moral disgust.

7

Aff, o anacronismo desse discurso é de uma cafonice sem par.

Ugh, the anachronism of this speech is of unparalleled tackiness.

Combining 'Aff' with high-level critiques of style and time.

8

Argh, o niilismo exacerbado dele acaba por ser exaustivo.

Ugh/Argh, his exacerbated nihilism ends up being exhaustive.

Using 'Argh' to describe the weariness of a complex personality trait.

Collocations courantes

Que nojo
Aff, que saco
Eca, que horror
Ufa, ainda bem
Credo, que susto
Putz, que pena
Aff, fala sério
Eca, sai fora
Argh, que raiva
Ufa, finalmente

Phrases Courantes

Aff, não acredito!
Eca, que porcaria!
Credo em cruz!
Ufa, que dia!
Putz, e agora?
Que nojo de você!
Aff, que tédio!
Eca, que bicho feio!
Argh, para com isso!
Ufa, que sorte!

Souvent confondu avec

ugh! vs Ufa (relief) vs Aff (annoyance)

ugh! vs Eca (disgust) vs Putz (mistake)

ugh! vs Credo (weird/gross) vs Nossa (surprise)

Expressions idiomatiques

"Fazer cara de eca"
"Dar um aff"
"Estar com nojo"
"Soltar um ufa"
"Ficar de aff"
"Credo, que fase!"
"Putz grila!"
"Nojo mortal"
"Aff, ninguém merece"
"Ufa, escapei por pouco"

Facile à confondre

ugh! vs

ugh! vs

ugh! vs

ugh! vs

ugh! vs

Structures de phrases

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Comment l'utiliser

eca vs nojo

'Eca' is the sound, 'Nojo' is the feeling.

aff spelling

Can be written as 'Ah', 'Aff', or 'Af'.

ufa positivity

Always positive relief, never negative.

Erreurs courantes
  • Using 'Eca' for a mistake (use 'Putz' instead).
  • Using 'Aff' for a bad smell (use 'Eca' instead).
  • Pronouncing 'Ugh' like the English word.
  • Using 'Ufa' for a bad situation (it's for relief).
  • Using 'Credo' in a very formal business proposal.

Astuces

The 'Aff' Sound

Make sure to emphasize the 'f' sound at the end, almost like a puff of air.

Regionalisms

In Portugal, try using 'Irra!' for a more local flavor of annoyance.

Texting

In WhatsApp, you can write 'Afffff' to show you are REALLY annoyed.

Empathy

Use 'Aff' when a friend is complaining to show you agree that the situation is bad.

Stand Alone

Remember these words don't need a subject or verb to make sense.

Synonyms

Learn 'Que saco' as a slightly stronger version of 'Aff'.

Context Clues

If you hear 'Eca', look for something physical; if 'Aff', look for a situation.

Facial Expressions

Your face does 50% of the work when using these interjections.

Punctuation

Always use an exclamation mark to capture the energy of the word.

Visualizing

Visualize a trash can when you say 'Eca' to lock in the meaning.

Mémorise-le

Origine du mot

Contexte culturel

High frequency of 'Aff' in digital culture (memes).

Use of 'Fogo' or 'Bolas' as alternatives to 'Aff'.

'Credo' and 'Cruzes' are common among older generations.

'Eca' is sometimes seen as childish; adults might prefer 'Que nojo'.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Amorces de conversation

"Eca, você já provou isso?"

"Aff, você viu o preço da gasolina?"

"Ufa, finalmente o feriado, né?"

"Credo, você viu aquela notícia?"

"Putz, você sabe onde deixei minha bolsa?"

Sujets d'écriture

Write about a time you said 'Eca!'

What makes you say 'Aff' most often?

Describe a situation where you felt 'Ufa!'

Have you ever heard someone say 'Credo!'? What happened?

Make a list of things that are 'nojento' to you.

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

It is informal. Using it at a formal dinner might be considered rude.

People might understand from movies, but 'Eca' or 'Aff' is much more natural.

It's not an acronym; it's an onomatopoeia for a frustrated sigh.

Originally yes, but today it's a general exclamation of dislike or fear.

Use 'Ai, ai' or 'Nossa, que cansaço'.

Yes, 'Que nojo' sounds a bit more adult and descriptive.

Yes, but some men prefer 'Que nojo' or 'Credo' as 'Eca' can sound slightly childish.

Mostly in writing or when you are very angry/frustrated.

No, it's a very mild and safe way to say 'Darn' or 'Shoot'.

The most common spelling in texts is 'Aff'.

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