B2 Passive & Reported Speech 1 min read Difficile

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'se' + 3rd person singular to talk about general facts or rumors without naming a specific person.

  • Use 'se' + verb for general statements: 'Se spune că...' (It is said that...).
  • Use 3rd person plural for 'they say': 'Spun că va ploua' (They say it will rain).
  • Keep the verb in 3rd person singular unless the subject is plural: 'Se vând mere' (Apples are sold).
👤 (Unknown) ➡️ se + Verb (3rd person) + că...

Meanings

Impersonal structures in Romanian are used to express actions where the doer is unknown, irrelevant, or generalized. It is the primary way to report news, rumors, or scientific facts objectively.

1

General Truths/Instructions

Used in manuals, recipes, or signs to indicate how things are done generally.

“Aici se vorbește românește.”

“Se adaugă sare după gust.”

2

Reported Rumors/News

Used to distance the speaker from the information, common in journalism.

“Se zvonește că ministrul va demisiona.”

“Se spune că palatul este bântuit.”

3

Collective 'They'

Using the 3rd person plural without a subject to imply 'people in general'.

“Zic că e un film bun.”

“M-au sunat de la bancă (impersonal 'they').”

Common Impersonal Verbs (Present Tense)

Verb (Infinitive) Impersonal Form English Meaning Example
a spune se spune it is said Se spune că e bine.
a crede se crede it is believed Se crede că va reuși.
a vedea se vede it is seen / it's obvious Se vede că ești obosit.
a auzi se aude it is heard / rumored Se aude muzică.
a face se face it is done / made Așa se face.
a vinde se vând (pl) they are sold Se vând bilete aici.
a anunța se anunță it is announced Se anunță ploaie.

Contractions in Past Tense (Perfect Compus)

Full (Theoretical) Contracted (Correct) Usage Example
se a spus s-a spus singular S-a spus totul.
se au spus s-au spus plural S-au spus multe.
se a crezut s-a crezut singular S-a crezut că e gata.
se au vândut s-au vândut plural S-au vândut toate.

Reference Table

Reference table for Impersonal Structures
Form Structure Example Context
Affirmative se + verb (3rd sg) Se știe. General knowledge
Negative nu + se + verb Nu se știe. Uncertainty
Plural Agreement se + verb (3rd pl) Se caută voluntari. Job ads / Requests
Past Tense s-a + participle S-a decis. Official decisions
Future Tense se va + infinitive Se va vedea. Predictions
Reported (Plural) verb (3rd pl) Zic că e închis. Informal rumors
Conditional s-ar + infinitive S-ar zice că... Hypothetical rumors

Spectre de formalité

Formel
Se vehiculează informația conform căreia acesta va sosi.

Se vehiculează informația conform căreia acesta va sosi. (Reporting someone's arrival)

Neutre
Se spune că vine.

Se spune că vine. (Reporting someone's arrival)

Informel
Zic ăștia că vine.

Zic ăștia că vine. (Reporting someone's arrival)

Argot
Se aude că apare tipul.

Se aude că apare tipul. (Reporting someone's arrival)

The World of 'Se'

Impersonal 'Se'

Rumors

  • Se spune It is said
  • Se zvonește It is rumored

Rules

  • Se interzice It is forbidden
  • Se permite It is permitted

Instructions

  • Se adaugă It is added
  • Se amestecă It is mixed

Active vs. Impersonal

Active (Focus on Person)
Oamenii vând mere. People sell apples.
Impersonal (Focus on Action)
Se vând mere. Apples are sold.

Choosing the Right Passive

1

Do you know who did it?

YES
Use Active Voice
NO
Go to next step
2

Is it a general rule or rumor?

YES
Use 'Se' + Verb
NO
Use 'A fi' + Participle

Examples by Level

1

Cum se zice în română?

How do you say it in Romanian?

2

Se poate?

Is it possible? / May I?

3

Aici se doarme.

People sleep here.

4

Nu se știe.

It is not known.

1

Se vinde pâine aici.

Bread is sold here.

2

Se spune că el este bogat.

It is said that he is rich.

3

Spun la televizor că plouă.

They say on TV that it's raining.

4

Cum se scrie numele tău?

How is your name written?

1

S-a aflat adevărul despre accident.

The truth about the accident was found out.

2

Se zice că va fi o iarnă grea.

It is said it will be a hard winter.

3

Se mănâncă multă mămăligă în România.

A lot of polenta is eaten in Romania.

4

Nu se permite fumatul în interior.

Smoking is not permitted inside.

1

Se preconizează o creștere a inflației.

An increase in inflation is anticipated.

2

Se zvonește că vor schimba legea.

It is rumored they will change the law.

3

Se consideră că proiectul a fost un succes.

The project is considered to have been a success.

4

Se caută soluții pentru această problemă.

Solutions are being sought for this problem.

1

Se vehiculează diverse ipoteze în presă.

Various hypotheses are being circulated in the press.

2

Se impune o revizuire a întregului sistem.

A revision of the entire system is required.

3

S-a convenit asupra termenilor contractului.

The terms of the contract were agreed upon.

4

Se subînțelege că participarea este obligatorie.

It is implied that participation is mandatory.

1

Se acreditează ideea că reforma a eșuat.

The idea that the reform failed is gaining credence.

2

S-a purces la inventarierea bunurilor.

The inventorying of goods has been proceeded with.

3

Se profilează o criză diplomatică majoră.

A major diplomatic crisis is looming.

4

Se marșează pe ideea de sustenabilitate.

The idea of sustainability is being pushed/emphasized.

Easily Confused

Impersonal Structures vs Reflexive vs. Impersonal

Both use 'se', but one has a subject and the other doesn't.

Impersonal Structures vs Passive 'A fi' vs. 'Se'

Learners use 'A fi' for everything because of English.

Erreurs courantes

Eu se zice

Se zice

Impersonal 'se' cannot have a subject like 'eu'.

E zice

Se zice

You cannot use 'e' (is) with a normal verb like this.

Se zic

Se zice

Verb must be singular for a general 'it'.

Se spune eu

Mi se spune

If it's 'I am told', you need the dative 'mi'.

Se vinde mere

Se vând mere

The verb must agree with the plural object 'mere'.

Se a făcut

S-a făcut

Must use contraction in the past tense.

Spune că...

Se spune că...

Missing 'se' makes it 'He/She says' instead of 'It is said'.

Este crezut că...

Se crede că...

While 'este crezut' exists, 'se crede' is the natural impersonal form.

S-a spus la ei

Li s-a spus

Incorrect pronoun placement for 'They were told'.

Se știe adevărul de toți

Adevărul e știut de toți

If you mention the agent (by everyone), use the 'a fi' passive.

Se merită să mergi

Merită să mergi

'A merita' is not reflexive in standard Romanian, though common in slang.

S-a convenit că...

S-a convenit să...

Certain impersonal verbs require the subjunctive 'să' not 'că'.

Sentence Patterns

Se ___ că ___.

Nu se ___ aici.

S-a ___ să ___.

Se ___ o ___ a ___.

Real World Usage

News Broadcast constant

Se anunță noi măsuri economice.

Cooking Recipes very common

Se fierbe compoziția timp de 10 minute.

Public Signs very common

Nu se acceptă cardul.

Office Gossip common

Se aude că șeful pleacă.

Academic Papers constant

Se observă o corelație între cele două variabile.

Job Advertisements common

Se caută inginer cu experiență.

🎯

The 'By' Test

If you can add 'by me' or 'by him' and it sounds natural, you might need the 'a fi' passive. If it's just a general fact, stick with 'se'.
⚠️

Plural Trap

Always check if the thing being 'done' is plural. 'Se vând bilete' (plural) vs 'Se vinde un bilet' (singular).
💬

Politeness

Use 'se' to soften criticism. 'S-a uitat să se închidă ușa' is nicer than 'Ai uitat să închizi ușa'.
💡

Past Tense Contraction

Remember: Se + a = S-a. Se + au = S-au. Never write 'se a' or 'se au'.

Smart Tips

Always default to 'Se spune'. It's the safest and most natural choice.

Oamenii spun că e bine. Se spune că e bine.

Check the verb ending! If it's more than one thing, use the plural verb.

Se vinde mere. Se vând mere.

Remember the 'S-A' contraction. It's never two words.

Se a aflat adevărul. S-a aflat adevărul.

Use 'Se consideră' instead of 'Cred că'. It sounds objective and academic.

Cred că e o problemă. Se consideră a fi o problemă.

Prononciation

sa-SPUS

Contraction S-A

The 's' and 'a' are pronounced as one syllable /sa/.

se poa-TE? ↑

Intonation in Questions

Rise at the end of 'Se poate?' to indicate a question.

Reporting Rumors

Se spu-ne că... →

Suspenseful, indicating more info follows.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

SE = Someone Else. When you don't want to say WHO, let SE do the work.

Visual Association

Imagine a foggy mirror where you can see an action happening (like someone cooking), but you can't see the person's face. That fog is 'se'.

Rhyme

Când nu știi cine-a lucrat, 'se' în față e plasat.

Story

In the village of 'Vorba', nobody has names. When a window breaks, they don't say 'Ion broke it'. They say 'S-a spart geamul' (The window was broken). When they eat, they say 'Se mănâncă'. They live in a world of pure actions.

Word Web

se spunese credese știese vedese audese facese vinde

Défi

Look around your room and describe 3 things using 'se'. (e.g., 'Se vede un computer', 'Se aude muzică').

Notes culturelles

Romanians use 'se' to avoid direct confrontation. Instead of saying 'You made a mistake', they might say 'S-a făcut o greșeală' (A mistake was made).

News anchors use 'se' constantly to maintain a facade of objectivity and avoid legal liability for rumors.

In villages, the 3rd person plural 'zic' is used to refer to community wisdom or gossip.

Derived from Latin reflexive 'se', which evolved in Romance languages to cover passive functions.

Conversation Starters

Ce se spune despre noul film?

Cum se face mămăliga în familia ta?

Ce se zvonește prin oraș despre alegeri?

Se impune o schimbare în sistemul de educație?

Journal Prompts

Write a recipe for your favorite dish using only impersonal forms.
Describe a local legend or rumor from your hometown.
Write a short news report about a fictional event.
Argue for or against a social change in Romania.

Test Yourself

Fill in the correct form of 'se' + verb 'a spune' in the present tense.

___ că Bucureștiul este un oraș frumos.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Se spune
We need the present tense impersonal form for a general statement.
Correct the agreement error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Se vinde mere la piață.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Se vând mere
'Mere' is plural, so the verb 'a vinde' must be 'vând'.
Which is the most natural way to say 'It was decided'? Choix multiple

___ să amânăm ședința.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: S-a decis
The reflexive passive in the past tense is the standard way to report decisions.
Build a sentence: [se / a anunța / rezultatele / mâine] Sentence Building

How do you say 'The results will be announced tomorrow'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: All of the above
Romanian word order is flexible, and both present (for near future) and future tense work.
Match the Romanian impersonal to its English equivalent. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-Known, 2-Believed, 3-Heard
Direct translations of common reporting verbs.
Is the following sentence correct? 'S-a aflat cine a furat banii.' True False Rule

S-a aflat cine a furat banii.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: True
It correctly uses the contracted past tense 's-a' + participle.
Sort these into 'Impersonal' and 'Personal' categories. Grammar Sorting

A. Se zice, B. Eu zic, C. Se vând, D. Ei vând

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Impersonal: A, C; Personal: B, D
Forms with 'se' and no subject are impersonal.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Unde e Maria? B: Nu se ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: știe
'Nu se știe' is the standard way to say 'It's not known'.

Score: /8

Exercices pratiques

8 exercises
Fill in the correct form of 'se' + verb 'a spune' in the present tense.

___ că Bucureștiul este un oraș frumos.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Se spune
We need the present tense impersonal form for a general statement.
Correct the agreement error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Se vinde mere la piață.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Se vând mere
'Mere' is plural, so the verb 'a vinde' must be 'vând'.
Which is the most natural way to say 'It was decided'? Choix multiple

___ să amânăm ședința.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: S-a decis
The reflexive passive in the past tense is the standard way to report decisions.
Build a sentence: [se / a anunța / rezultatele / mâine] Sentence Building

How do you say 'The results will be announced tomorrow'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: All of the above
Romanian word order is flexible, and both present (for near future) and future tense work.
Match the Romanian impersonal to its English equivalent. Match Pairs

1. Se știe, 2. Se crede, 3. Se aude

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-Known, 2-Believed, 3-Heard
Direct translations of common reporting verbs.
Is the following sentence correct? 'S-a aflat cine a furat banii.' True False Rule

S-a aflat cine a furat banii.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: True
It correctly uses the contracted past tense 's-a' + participle.
Sort these into 'Impersonal' and 'Personal' categories. Grammar Sorting

A. Se zice, B. Eu zic, C. Se vând, D. Ei vând

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Impersonal: A, C; Personal: B, D
Forms with 'se' and no subject are impersonal.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Unde e Maria? B: Nu se ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: știe
'Nu se știe' is the standard way to say 'It's not known'.

Score: /8

FAQ (8)

Yes, but 'Se spune' is more common and sounds more native when you don't have a specific group of people in mind.

In Romanian, the particle 'se' always contracts with the auxiliary 'a' to form 's-a' for easier pronunciation.

No, 'se' can also be reflexive (he washes himself) or reciprocal (they see each other). Context is key.

This is common in informal speech, like saying 'They say...' in English without referring to anyone specific.

Technically no, 'Merită' is the correct form, but you will hear 'Se merită' very often in casual speech.

Yes! 'Se va spune' (It will be said) or 'Se vor face' (They will be made).

Use the dative: 'Mi s-a spus'. The 'se' becomes 's-' and you add 'mi' (to me).

Absolutely. It's the preferred way to state facts objectively, e.g., 'Se anexează documentele' (The documents are attached).

In Other Languages

Spanish high

Se dice

Romanian has more frequent contractions like 's-a'.

French moderate

On dit

French uses a subject pronoun (on), Romanian uses a reflexive particle (se).

German low

Man sagt / Es wird gesagt

German uses a specific indefinite pronoun 'man'.

Japanese low

〜と言われている (to iwarete iru)

Japanese uses verb suffixes, Romanian uses a separate particle.

Arabic low

يُقال (yuqal)

Arabic changes the verb's internal structure; Romanian adds 'se'.

Chinese none

有人说 (yǒu rén shuō)

Chinese uses a dummy subject like 'people' or 'someone'.

Was this helpful?
Pas encore de commentaires. Soyez le premier à partager vos idées !