细菌
When talking about tiny living things that can make you sick or sometimes even be helpful, the word you're looking for is 细菌 (xìjūn).
Think of it like the English word "bacteria." You might hear about 细菌 in hospitals, on food, or even when you're cleaning. For example, if you say "kill the bacteria," in Chinese you would say "杀死细菌."
It's a really useful word to know when you're discussing health, hygiene, or even biology. Just remember, 细菌 covers all kinds of bacteria, good and bad!
When you hear 细菌 (xì jūn), think of tiny, tiny living things that you can only see with a microscope. These are bacteria!
Sometimes bacteria are good for us, like the ones in yogurt that help our digestion. But other times, bacteria can make us sick, like when you get a bacterial infection.
So, 细菌 is the general word for these microscopic organisms. It's a useful word to know when talking about health, food, or science.
When talking about 细菌, remember it's a noun and directly translates to "bacteria."
You'll often hear it in contexts related to health, hygiene, or science.
For example, if you want to say "Wash your hands to remove bacteria," you'd say "洗手去除细菌 (xǐshǒu qùchú xìjūn)."
It's a practical word to know for everyday conversations about staying healthy.
When talking about 细菌, remember it's a noun and directly translates to "bacteria."
You'll often hear it in contexts related to health, hygiene, or science. For instance, if you're discussing food safety, you might say "食物里有细菌" (shíwù lǐ yǒu xìjùn), meaning "There are bacteria in the food."
It's a straightforward word, but its usage can extend to more metaphorical senses sometimes, like a problem spreading quickly, though its primary use is literal.
Just like in English, you can talk about "good bacteria" (益生菌 - yìshēngjùn) or "harmful bacteria" (有害细菌 - yǒuhài xìjùn).
When discussing "细菌" (xì jūn), it's important to understand its nuances beyond a simple translation of "bacteria." While it broadly refers to microscopic organisms, in a C2 context, consider its implications in various fields.
For instance, in medicine, you might encounter discussions about antibiotic resistance or the role of specific bacteria in disease. In environmental science, "细菌" could refer to beneficial microbes in soil or water purification processes. In everyday conversation, it often appears in the context of hygiene, food safety, or even the common cold.
Furthermore, distinguish it from related terms like "病毒" (bìng dú - virus) or "微生物" (wēi shēng wù - microorganism), which have different scientific classifications and implications.
Finally, consider its figurative uses, though less common, where "细菌" might metaphorically describe something pervasive and undesirable, spreading quickly within a system or group.
§ Understanding 细菌 (xìjūn)
Alright, let's talk about 细菌 (xìjūn). This word is straightforward. It means 'bacteria.' No tricks here. It's a noun, plain and simple. You'll hear it in everyday conversations, especially when discussing health, cleanliness, or even food.
- DEFINITION
- bacteria
§ Basic Sentence Structure with 细菌
When you use 细菌 (xìjūn), it usually acts as the subject or object in your sentence. It's just like how you'd use 'bacteria' in English.
这种食物有很多细菌。
Zhè zhǒng shíwù yǒu hěnduō xìjūn.
This kind of food has a lot of bacteria.
See? Simple. 细菌 (xìjūn) is directly translated to 'bacteria.' No prepositions needed before it in this case.
§ Describing 细菌 (xìjūn)
You'll often want to describe the bacteria. Are they good? Bad? How many are there? You can use adjectives and quantity words just like you would with other nouns.
有害的细菌会导致疾病。
Yǒuhài de xìjūn huì dǎozhì jíbiàng.
Harmful bacteria can cause illness.
Here, 有害的 (yǒuhài de) means 'harmful,' modifying 细菌 (xìjūn). The 'de' particle is used to connect the adjective to the noun.
医生说这些细菌对身体有益。
Yīshēng shuō zhè xiē xìjūn duì shēntǐ yǒuyì.
The doctor said these bacteria are beneficial to the body.
§ Prepositions with 细菌 (xìjūn)
When it comes to prepositions, you'll use them to show relationships, just like in English. For example, 'against bacteria' or 'from bacteria.'
这种药可以抵抗细菌。
Zhè zhǒng yào kěyǐ dǐkàng xìjūn.
This medicine can resist bacteria.
Here, 抵抗 (dǐkàng) means 'to resist,' and it directly takes 细菌 (xìjūn) as its object. It implies 'against bacteria' without a separate preposition.
手不干净容易传播细菌。
Shǒu bù gānjìng róngyì chuánbò xìjūn.
Unclean hands easily spread bacteria.
In this example, 传播 (chuánbò) means 'to spread.' The action is 'spreading bacteria.' Again, no extra preposition is needed in Chinese.
我们应该保护自己免受细菌的侵害。
Wǒmen yīnggāi bǎohù zìjǐ miǎn shòu xìjūn de qīnhài.
We should protect ourselves from the harm of bacteria.
Here, 免受...的侵害 (miǎn shòu...de qīnhài) means 'to be protected from the harm of...' This is a more complex structure, but it shows how 细菌 (xìjūn) can be part of a prepositional phrase expressing origin or cause.
他感染了细菌。
Tā gǎnrǎn le xìjūn.
He was infected with bacteria.
§ Common Phrases with 细菌 (xìjūn)
Knowing some common collocations will make your Chinese sound more natural.
抗细菌 (kàng xìjūn) – antibacterial
消灭细菌 (xiāomiè xìjūn) – to eliminate bacteria
杀死细菌 (shāsǐ xìjūn) – to kill bacteria
细菌感染 (xìjūn gǎnrǎn) – bacterial infection
这种洗手液可以有效地杀死细菌。
Zhè zhǒng xǐshǒuyè kěyǐ yǒuxiào de shāsǐ xìjūn.
This hand sanitizer can effectively kill bacteria.
You'll often see these combinations on product labels or in health-related discussions. They are fixed expressions, so learn them as a whole.
§ Confusing 细菌 with other related words
It's easy to mix up 细菌 (xìjùn, bacteria) with other Chinese words that sound or look similar, or refer to related concepts. Let's clear these up.
- DEFINITION
- 病毒 (bìngdú): virus
While both are microorganisms that can cause disease, they are fundamentally different. Bacteria are single-celled living organisms, while viruses are much smaller and require a host cell to reproduce. You wouldn't use 细菌 when you mean virus, just as you wouldn't in English.
感冒通常是病毒引起的，不是细菌。
Translation hint: Colds are usually caused by viruses, not bacteria.
- DEFINITION
- 病菌 (bìngjūn): germ, pathogen (can include bacteria, viruses, fungi)
病菌 is a broader term. It refers to any microorganism that can cause disease. So, while 细菌 are a type of 病菌, not all 病菌 are 细菌. Think of it like 'fruit' and 'apple'. All apples are fruit, but not all fruit are apples. If you want to be specific about bacteria, use 细菌. If you're talking about general disease-causing microbes, 病菌 is appropriate.
洗手可以去除手上的病菌。
Translation hint: Washing hands can remove germs from your hands.
§ Using 细菌 incorrectly in context
Sometimes learners use 细菌 in contexts where a more general or idiomatic expression is needed, especially when talking about being 'unhygienic' or 'dirty' in a less scientific sense.
- DEFINITION
- 脏 (zāng): dirty
If you want to say something is dirty, simply use 脏. You don't need to overcomplicate it by bringing in bacteria unless you are specifically talking about bacteria causing the dirtiness or being present.
这件衣服很脏，需要洗。
Translation hint: This piece of clothing is very dirty, it needs to be washed.
§ Omitting necessary classifiers or modifiers
While 细菌 itself is a noun, when you want to quantify or describe it, remember to use appropriate measure words or adjectives.
- For 'a type of bacteria', you can use 种 (zhǒng): 一种细菌 (yī zhǒng xìjùn).
- For 'many bacteria', simply use 很多 (hěn duō) or 大量 (dàliàng) before 细菌.
水里有很多细菌。
Translation hint: There are many bacteria in the water.
Don't just say 细菌 in situations where English might imply a quantity. For example, if you say 'Bacteria caused the illness,' in Chinese you might say '细菌导致了这种疾病' (xìjùn dǎozhì le zhè zhǒng jíbìng), where the meaning of 'bacteria' in general is conveyed, or '某种细菌' (mǒu zhǒng xìjùn - a certain type of bacteria) if you're being specific. But if you are talking about a large amount, make sure to add it in.
§ Not understanding its scientific nuance
Remember, 细菌 is a scientific term. While it's common enough for A2 learners, it's not a casual slang word. Use it when you genuinely mean 'bacteria' in a biological or medical context.
Focus on understanding the core meaning and its common usages. Avoid overusing it or stretching its meaning to cover 'germs' or 'dirt' unless you're specifically referring to bacteria.
Le savais-tu ?
The term '细菌' (xìjùn) was borrowed from Japanese, where '細菌' (saikin) is a calque of the Dutch word 'bacterie'. This shows the historical influence of Western science, often transmitted through Japan, on the Chinese language and scientific terminology.
Guide de prononciation
- Ensure the 'x' sound is like the 'sh' in 'sheep', not a 'z' or 'ks' sound.
- Make sure the 'j' sound is like the 'j' in 'jeep', not a 'y' sound.
Niveau de difficulté
Common characters, straightforward meaning in context.
Common characters, not overly complex to write.
Standard tones, clear pronunciation.
Distinct sounds, unlikely to be confused with other words.
Quoi apprendre ensuite
Prérequis
Apprends ensuite
Avancé
Exemples par niveau
洗手可以减少细菌。
Washing hands can reduce bacteria.
有些细菌对我们有益。
Some bacteria are beneficial to us.
这种食物里有很多细菌。
There are many bacteria in this food.
医生说他生病是因为细菌感染。
The doctor said he was sick because of a bacterial infection.
我们看不见细菌。
We cannot see bacteria.
水里可能有细菌。
There might be bacteria in the water.
你需要用肥皂去除细菌。
You need to use soap to remove bacteria.
这种药可以杀死细菌。
This medicine can kill bacteria.
洗手可以去除手上的细菌。
Washing hands can remove bacteria from hands.
这些小细菌在显微镜下才能看到。
These tiny bacteria can only be seen under a microscope.
食物如果放太久，会滋生细菌。
If food is left for too long, it will breed bacteria.
有些细菌对人体是有益的。
Some bacteria are beneficial to the human body.
医生说我生病是因为细菌感染。
The doctor said I was sick because of a bacterial infection.
用消毒液可以杀死大部分的细菌。
Using disinfectant can kill most bacteria.
保持厨房清洁很重要，可以减少细菌。
Keeping the kitchen clean is important to reduce bacteria.
空气中也存在着许多细菌。
There are also many bacteria in the air.
洗手是预防细菌传播的有效方法。
Washing hands is an effective way to prevent the spread of bacteria.
有些细菌对人体有益，比如肠道里的益生菌。
Some bacteria are beneficial to the human body, such as probiotics in the intestines.
食物如果保存不当，很容易滋生细菌。
If food is not stored properly, it can easily breed bacteria.
医生说感染是由一种常见的细菌引起的。
The doctor said the infection was caused by a common type of bacteria.
消毒剂可以杀死大部分细菌和病毒。
Disinfectants can kill most bacteria and viruses.
我们应该定期清洁厨房，以减少细菌滋生。
We should regularly clean the kitchen to reduce bacterial growth.
抗生素是用来治疗细菌感染的药物。
Antibiotics are medicines used to treat bacterial infections.
科学家们正在研究如何利用细菌分解塑料。
Scientists are studying how to use bacteria to decompose plastic.
肥皂可以杀死细菌。
Soap can kill bacteria.
这种食物有细菌。
This food has bacteria.
细菌无处不在。
Bacteria are everywhere.
为了防止细菌传播，请经常洗手。
To prevent the spread of bacteria, please wash your hands frequently.
冰箱可以减缓细菌的生长。
Refrigerators can slow down the growth of bacteria.
一些细菌对人体有益。
Some bacteria are beneficial to the human body.
他生病是因为感染了细菌。
He got sick because he was infected with bacteria.
在实验室里，我们研究细菌。
In the laboratory, we study bacteria.
虽然我们肉眼看不见，但细菌无处不在，有些对我们有益，有些则可能致病。
Although we can't see them with our naked eyes, bacteria are everywhere; some are beneficial to us, while others can cause disease.
“无处不在” (wúchùbùzài) means 'ubiquitous' or 'everywhere'. “致病” (zhìbìng) means 'to cause disease'.
为了防止细菌滋生，食物应该妥善保存，并在适宜的温度下烹饪。
To prevent bacterial growth, food should be properly stored and cooked at appropriate temperatures.
“滋生” (zīshēng) means 'to breed' or 'to multiply'. “妥善” (tuǒshàn) means 'properly' or 'appropriately'.
科学家们正在研究如何利用有益细菌来改善人类健康和环境。
Scientists are studying how to utilize beneficial bacteria to improve human health and the environment.
“利用” (lìyòng) means 'to utilize' or 'to make use of'. “改善” (gǎishàn) means 'to improve'.
抗生素是治疗细菌感染的有效药物，但过度使用会导致细菌产生抗药性。
Antibiotics are effective drugs for treating bacterial infections, but overuse can lead to bacteria developing resistance.
“抗生素” (kàngshēngsù) means 'antibiotic'. “抗药性” (kàngyàoxìng) means 'drug resistance'.
洗手是预防细菌传播最简单也最有效的方法之一。
Washing hands is one of the simplest and most effective ways to prevent the spread of bacteria.
“传播” (chuánbō) means 'to spread' or 'to transmit'.
一些土壤细菌具有固氮能力，对农业生产至关重要。
Some soil bacteria have nitrogen-fixing capabilities, which are crucial for agricultural production.
“固氮” (gùdàn) means 'nitrogen fixation'. “至关重要” (zhìguānzhòngyào) means 'extremely important' or 'crucial'.
随着微生物学的发展，我们对细菌世界的了解也越来越深入。
With the development of microbiology, our understanding of the bacterial world is becoming deeper and deeper.
“微生物学” (wēishēngwùxué) means 'microbiology'. “深入” (shēnrù) means 'deep' or 'in-depth'.
某些特定的细菌可以帮助消化，维持肠道健康。
Certain specific bacteria can aid digestion and maintain intestinal health.
“消化” (xiāohuà) means 'digestion'. “肠道” (chángdào) means 'intestine' or 'gut'.
Collocations courantes
Phrases Courantes
这种细菌会导致疾病。(Zhè zhǒng xìjūn huì dǎozhì jíbiàng.)
This kind of bacteria can cause disease.
我们需要用肥皂洗手来去除细菌。(Wǒmen xūyào yòng féizào xǐshǒu lái qùchú xìjūn.)
We need to wash our hands with soap to remove bacteria.
有些细菌对人体有好处。(Yǒuxiē xìjūn duì réntǐ yǒu hǎochù.)
Some bacteria are good for the human body.
冰箱可以减缓细菌的生长。(Bīngxiāng kěyǐ jiǎnhuǎn xìjūn de shēngzhǎng.)
The refrigerator can slow down the growth of bacteria.
空气中有很多细菌。(Kōngqì zhōng yǒu hěnduō xìjūn.)
There are many bacteria in the air.
医生说我感染了细菌。(Yīshēng shuō wǒ gǎnrǎn le xìjūn.)
The doctor said I was infected with bacteria.
这种药可以杀死细菌。(Zhè zhǒng yào kěyǐ shāsǐ xìjūn.)
This medicine can kill bacteria.
厨房里容易滋生细菌。(Chúfáng lǐ róngyì zīshēng xìjūn.)
Bacteria easily breed in the kitchen.
我们需要研究这些细菌的特性。(Wǒmen xūyào yánjiū zhèxiē xìjūn de tèxìng.)
We need to study the characteristics of these bacteria.
细菌在高温下很难存活。(Xìjūn zài gāowēn xià hěn nán cúnhuó.)
Bacteria are difficult to survive at high temperatures.
Comment l'utiliser
When talking about bacteria in general, use 细菌. If you need to specify a type, you'll often add a classifier or a descriptive term before 细菌 (e.g., 致病细菌 for pathogenic bacteria).
It can be used in scientific contexts as well as everyday conversations, especially regarding hygiene or illness.
A common mistake is to confuse 细菌 (bacterium/bacteria) with 病毒 (virus). While both are microorganisms that can cause illness, they are distinct biological entities.
Another mistake is using a plural marker with 细菌 when it's already used in a general sense to refer to multiple bacteria. In Chinese, the word itself can be singular or plural depending on context, so adding something like '们' is usually unnecessary.
Astuces
Hear it Clearly
Listen carefully to the pronunciation of 细菌 (xìjùn). The 'x' sound is like 'sh' in 'sheep' but with your tongue flatter against the roof of your mouth. The 'j' is like 'j' in 'jeep'.
Break it Down
细菌 is made of two characters: 细 (xì) meaning 'thin' or 'fine', and 菌 (jùn) meaning 'germ' or 'fungus'. Thinking of 'fine germ' can help you remember 'bacteria'.
Visual Association
Imagine tiny, fine particles—细菌—when you hear the word. This visual link can make it more memorable.
Use a Sentence
Practice using 细菌 in a simple sentence. For example: '水里有很多细菌。' (Shuǐ lǐ yǒu hěn duō xìjùn.) which means 'There are many bacteria in the water.'
Common Phrases
Learn common phrases that use 细菌. Like '有害细菌' (yǒuhài xìjùn) for 'harmful bacteria' or '好细菌' (hǎo xìjùn) for 'good bacteria'.
Opposites/Related Words
Think of related concepts. For instance, '病毒' (bìngdú) means 'virus'. Knowing this distinction helps you understand both words better, as they are often confused.
Write it Out
Practice writing the characters for 细菌 a few times. This helps with memorization and reinforces the visual structure of the word.
Flashcards Work
Create a flashcard with 细菌 on one side and 'bacteria' on the other. Include a small example sentence on the back for context.
Real-World Context
Think about where you encounter bacteria in your daily life. This helps connect the word to your experiences. For example, '洗手可以减少细菌。' (Xǐ shǒu kěyǐ jiǎnshǎo xìjùn.) means 'Washing hands can reduce bacteria.'
Review Regularly
Don't just learn it once. Go back and review 细菌 periodically to keep it fresh in your memory. Spaced repetition is very effective.
Origine du mot
借词 (loanword) from Japanese
Sens originel : bacteria
Sino-JapaneseContexte culturel
In China, understanding basic vocabulary related to health and hygiene is quite practical. When discussing public health, food safety, or even just explaining why someone might be sick, the word '细菌' is very common. It's often heard in warnings about cleanliness or in news reports about disease prevention, making it a very relevant term in everyday life.
Questions fréquentes
10 questionsA good way to remember 细菌 (xìjùn) is to break it down. 菌 (jùn) means 'germ' or 'fungus,' and 细 (xì) means 'small' or 'fine.' So, it literally means 'small germs.' You can think of 'small' and 'fine' to help remember that bacteria are tiny organisms.
Yes, it can. When we talk about harmful bacteria, we often use '有害细菌' (yǒuhài xìjùn), meaning 'harmful bacteria.' For example, '这种有害细菌会导致疾病' (zhè zhǒng yǒuhài xìjùn huì dǎozhì jíbiàng) - 'This harmful bacteria will cause illness.'
Yes, there's a clear difference. 细菌 (xìjùn) is bacteria. 'Virus' is 病毒 (bìngdú). They are distinct terms. For example, '感冒通常是由病毒引起的' (gǎnmào tōngcháng shì yóu bìngdú yǐnqǐ de) - 'Colds are usually caused by viruses.'
Antibiotics in Chinese is 抗生素 (kàngshēngsù). Yes, it directly relates to 细菌 because antibiotics are used to fight bacterial infections. '医生给我开了抗生素治疗细菌感染' (yīshēng gěi wǒ kāi le kàngshēngsù zhìliáo xìjùn gǎnrǎn) - 'The doctor prescribed me antibiotics to treat the bacterial infection.'
While 细菌 usually refers to actual bacteria, you could potentially use it in a more figurative sense. However, a more common and natural way to say 'a breeding ground for bacteria' in Chinese would be '细菌滋生的地方' (xìjùn zīshēng de dìfang), or '细菌温床' (xìjùn wēnchuáng), which literally means 'bacterial hotbed.'
Here are a few common phrases:
- 杀死细菌 (shā sǐ xìjùn) - 'kill bacteria'
- 细菌感染 (xìjùn gǎnrǎn) - 'bacterial infection'
- 益生菌 (yìshēngjùn) - 'probiotics' (literally 'beneficial bacteria')
- 有害细菌 (yǒuhài xìjùn) - 'harmful bacteria'
细菌 is pronounced xìjùn. Both characters have falling tones (fourth tone). 细 (xì) is the fourth tone, and 菌 (jùn) is also the fourth tone. Pay attention to the clear, crisp fall in pitch for both syllables.
In Chinese, 细菌 can function as both singular and plural. There's no separate plural form like in English. So, '一个细菌' (yī gè xìjùn) means 'one bacterium,' and '很多细菌' (hěn duō xìjùn) means 'many bacteria.' The context makes it clear.
The most common measure word for 细菌 is 个 (gè). For instance, '显微镜下可以看到无数个细菌' (xiǎnwēijìng xià kěyǐ kàndào wúshù gè xìjùn) - 'Countless bacteria can be seen under the microscope.' You might also hear 种 (zhǒng) for 'types of bacteria.'
While 细菌 specifically means 'bacteria,' sometimes in casual conversation, people might use it more broadly to refer to 'germs' if they are not being precise. However, for accuracy, if you mean 'germs' generally without specifying bacteria or virus, you could use a term like 病菌 (bìngjùn), which literally means 'disease germs' and is a more general term for pathogens.
Teste-toi 90 questions
这个水里有很多___，不能喝。
The sentence means 'There are a lot of ___ in this water, so you cannot drink it.' '细菌' (bactieria) fits the context as something that would make water unsafe to drink.
洗手可以减少手上的___。
The sentence means 'Washing hands can reduce ___ on your hands.' '细菌' (bacteria) makes sense in this context.
医生说，生病是因为身体里有___。
The sentence means 'The doctor said, getting sick is because there are ___ in the body.' '细菌' (bacteria) is a common cause of illness.
食物放久了，会滋生___。
The sentence means 'Food left for too long will grow ___.' '细菌' (bacteria) commonly grows on old food.
为了健康，我们要多洗手，少接触___。
The sentence means 'For health, we should wash our hands more and touch less ___.' '细菌' (bacteria) is something to avoid for health.
一些___会让我们生病，但是也有一些是好的。
The sentence means 'Some ___ can make us sick, but some are also good.' This describes bacteria, which can be harmful or beneficial.
Which of these is a type of tiny living thing that can cause disease?
细菌 (xìjùn) means bacteria, which are microscopic organisms.
If something is dirty and has many germs, it might have many ___.
细菌 (xìjùn) refers to bacteria, often associated with dirt and germs.
Which word describes very small organisms that can make people sick?
细菌 (xìjùn) is the correct term for tiny organisms that can cause illness.
洗手可以减少手上的细菌。(Xǐ shǒu kěyǐ jiǎnshǎo shǒu shàng de xìjùn.) - Washing hands can reduce bacteria on hands.
Washing hands helps remove bacteria, which is good for health.
所有的细菌都是对人体有害的。(Suǒyǒu de xìjùn dōu shì duì réntǐ yǒuhài de.) - All bacteria are harmful to the human body.
While some bacteria are harmful, many are beneficial or harmless. This statement is too general.
细菌是肉眼可见的。(Xìjùn shì ròuyǎn kějiàn de.) - Bacteria are visible to the naked eye.
Bacteria are microscopic and cannot be seen without a microscope.
Write a short sentence about something small that can make you sick.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
饭里有细菌，所以不能吃。 (There are bacteria in the food, so I can't eat it.)
Write a sentence saying that washing hands can get rid of bacteria.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
洗手可以洗掉细菌。 (Washing hands can wash away bacteria.)
Imagine you see something dirty. Write a sentence saying it has bacteria.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
这个地方很脏，有很多细菌。 (This place is very dirty, there are many bacteria.)
为什么会生病？
Read this passage:
你生病了吗？可能是因为你没有洗手。手上有很多细菌，它们会让你生病。
为什么会生病？
文章中说：“手上有很多细菌，它们会让你生病。”，而“没有洗手”是手上细菌多的原因。
文章中说：“手上有很多细菌，它们会让你生病。”，而“没有洗手”是手上细菌多的原因。
根据文章，怎样可以减少细菌？
Read this passage:
医生说要多喝水，多休息。还要注意卫生，洗手可以减少细菌。
根据文章，怎样可以减少细菌？
文章中明确提到“洗手可以减少细菌”。
文章中明确提到“洗手可以减少细菌”。
水果为什么不能吃了？
Read this passage:
水果掉在地上，不能吃了。因为地上有细菌，吃了会生病。
水果为什么不能吃了？
文章中说：“因为地上有细菌，吃了会生病。”
文章中说：“因为地上有细菌，吃了会生病。”
This sentence means 'There are many bacteria here.' '这里' (zhèlǐ) means 'here,' '有很多' (yǒu hěnduō) means 'there are many,' and '细菌' (xìjùn) means 'bacteria.'
This sentence means 'Washing hands can remove bacteria.' '洗手' (xǐshǒu) means 'wash hands,' '可以' (kěyǐ) means 'can,' '去除' (qùchú) means 'remove,' and '细菌' (xìjùn) means 'bacteria.'
This sentence means 'Bacteria are very small, you cannot see them with your eyes.' '细菌' (xìjùn) means 'bacteria,' '很小' (hěn xiǎo) means 'very small,' '用眼睛' (yòng yǎnjīng) means 'with eyes,' and '看不见' (kànbujiàn) means 'cannot see.'
洗手可以减少___的传播。
Washing hands helps reduce the spread of bacteria.
这种食物里可能有很多___。
This food might contain a lot of bacteria.
医生说，感冒通常是由___引起的。
The doctor said colds are usually caused by viruses, not bacteria. This question tests understanding of related but distinct terms.
我们需要保持清洁，避免___滋生。
We need to keep clean to avoid bacteria breeding.
用肥皂洗手可以杀死大部分___。
Washing hands with soap can kill most bacteria.
不干净的水可能含有有害的___。
Unclean water may contain harmful bacteria.
Which of these is a type of tiny living thing that can cause disease?
细菌 are microscopic organisms, some of which can cause illness.
Which word means 'bacteria'?
细菌 specifically refers to bacteria.
为了健康，我们应该洗手，避免____。
Washing hands helps to avoid contact with bacteria.
细菌 always make people sick.
Not all bacteria are harmful; some are beneficial or harmless.
洗手可以减少手上的细菌。
Washing hands effectively reduces the number of bacteria on them.
只有在医院才能看到细菌。
Bacteria are everywhere, not just in hospitals.
This sentence means 'We need to wash our hands frequently to prevent bacteria.' The structure is Subject + Adverb of frequency + Verb + Object + Verb phrase for purpose.
This sentence means 'This food might have a lot of bacteria.' The structure is Subject + Adverb of possibility + Verb + Quantity + Object.
This sentence means 'High temperature can kill most bacteria.' The structure is Subject + Auxiliary verb + Verb + Quantity + Object.
以下哪种物质最有可能被细菌污染？
剩饭在室温下放置过夜，细菌会大量繁殖，容易导致食物变质或中毒。
为了防止细菌传播，我们应该怎么做？
勤洗手是预防细菌传播最有效的方法之一。
抗生素通常用来治疗哪种感染？
抗生素是针对细菌的药物，对病毒感染无效。
所有的细菌都对人体有害。
有些细菌对人体有益，例如肠道中的益生菌有助于消化。
高温可以杀死大多数细菌。
烹饪食物或对餐具进行消毒时，高温能有效杀灭细菌。
细菌只存在于不干净的环境中。
细菌广泛存在于自然界中，包括空气、水、土壤和生物体内，并非只存在于不干净的环境。
Imagine you are a scientist. Describe how bacteria can be both harmful and helpful to humans. Write at least 80 Chinese characters.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
细菌对人类来说，既有好处也有坏处。有些细菌会导致疾病，比如感冒和肺炎。但是，也有很多益生菌对我们的健康很重要，比如帮助消化，增强免疫力。在环境保护方面，细菌也能帮助分解污染物。
You are a doctor explaining to a patient why they need to take antibiotics for a bacterial infection. Explain in at least 80 Chinese characters.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
您的身体受到了细菌感染，所以需要服用抗生素。抗生素可以有效地杀死引起感染的细菌，帮助您的身体恢复健康。请您务必按照医嘱按时服用药物，不要随意停药，以免影响治疗效果。
Write a short paragraph about how to prevent bacterial growth in food. Include at least three methods. Write at least 80 Chinese characters.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
为了防止食物中的细菌滋生，我们可以采取几种方法。首先，食物需要妥善冷藏，低温能有效抑制细菌繁殖。其次，彻底加热食物可以杀死大部分细菌。此外，保持厨房清洁，生熟食物分开储存，也能大大降低细菌污染的风险。
根据这段文字，关于这种特殊细菌，以下哪个说法是正确的？
Read this passage:
科学家们发现，地球上有些地方存在着一种特殊的细菌，它们能在极端的环境下生存，比如没有阳光、氧气稀薄的深海。这些细菌不仅对科学研究有重要意义，还可能为我们探索外太空生命提供线索。
根据这段文字，关于这种特殊细菌，以下哪个说法是正确的？
文中提到“还可能为我们探索外太空生命提供线索”，说明它们可能与外太空生命有关联。
文中提到“还可能为我们探索外太空生命提供线索”，说明它们可能与外太空生命有关联。
根据这段文字，以下哪项不是益生菌对人体的重要性？
Read this passage:
近几年，越来越多的人开始关注肠道健康，并认识到肠道中的益生菌群对人体的重要性。这些有益细菌不仅帮助消化，还能增强免疫力，甚至影响情绪。因此，保持健康的饮食习惯，摄入足够膳食纤维，对维护肠道菌群平衡至关重要。
根据这段文字，以下哪项不是益生菌对人体的重要性？
文中提到益生菌是“有益细菌”，会“帮助消化，还能增强免疫力，甚至影响情绪”，而不是导致疾病。
文中提到益生菌是“有益细菌”，会“帮助消化，还能增强免疫力，甚至影响情绪”，而不是导致疾病。
这段文字主要说明了什么？
Read this passage:
医院是一个细菌容易传播的地方，所以医护人员需要严格遵守手部卫生规定，经常洗手和消毒。患者和访客也应该注意个人卫生，避免交叉感染。正确的卫生习惯可以有效降低细菌传播的风险，保护自己和他人的健康。
这段文字主要说明了什么？
文中反复强调医护人员、患者和访客都应该注意卫生，以降低细菌传播风险，保护健康。
文中反复强调医护人员、患者和访客都应该注意卫生，以降低细菌传播风险，保护健康。
The correct order is '我们' (we) '需要' (need to) '对抗' (fight against) '有害的' (harmful) '细菌' (bacteria).
The correct order is '这种' (this) '细菌' (bacteria) '会' (will) '引起' (cause) '严重的' (serious) '感染' (infection).
The correct order is '细菌' (bacteria) '在' (in) '环境中' (the environment) '很多地方' (many places) '都' (all) '有' (have/there are).
以下哪种情况最不可能传播细菌？
干净的水通常不含致病细菌，而其他选项都是常见的细菌传播途径。
医生经常建议使用什么来对抗细菌感染？
抗生素是专门用于治疗细菌感染的药物。
哪种行为最能有效减少手上细菌的数量？
用肥皂和水彻底洗手是去除手上细菌最有效的方法。
所有细菌都是对人体有害的。
有些细菌是对人体有益的，例如肠道中的益生菌，它们帮助消化和维持健康。
高温可以杀死大多数细菌。
烹饪和消毒等高温处理是杀死细菌的有效方法。
洗手液和肥皂一样能有效杀死所有类型的细菌。
虽然洗手液对某些细菌有效，但肥皂和水通常对更广泛的细菌和病毒更有效，尤其是在有可见污垢时。
Imagine you are a scientist explaining how good bacteria can benefit our health. Write a short paragraph (3-4 sentences) about this, using '细菌' at least once.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
益生菌是肠道中的“好细菌”，它们帮助消化，增强免疫力。这些细菌对维持身体健康至关重要。如果我们摄入足够的益生菌，可以有效预防很多疾病。保持肠道菌群平衡，对全身健康都有益处。
You are writing a public health announcement about preventing the spread of harmful bacteria. Explain one simple measure people can take. Use '细菌' at least once.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
为了有效预防有害细菌的传播，最简单也最重要的方法就是勤洗手。尤其是在接触公共物品后，或者在饭前便后，用肥皂和流动水彻底清洗双手，可以大大减少细菌的附着和传播，保护您和家人的健康。
Describe a common household item that often harbors a lot of bacteria and suggest a cleaning method. Use '细菌' at least once.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
厨房里的洗碗布经常是细菌滋生的地方。因为它总是湿漉漉的，而且接触各种食物残渣，为细菌提供了理想的生长环境。为了减少细菌的积累，建议每天用热水消毒或用消毒液浸泡洗碗布，并定期更换。
根据这段文字，为什么不能滥用抗生素？
Read this passage:
医生强调，抗生素并非对所有感染都有效，因为它们主要是针对细菌感染。对于病毒引起的感冒或流感，抗生素是无效的。滥用抗生素不仅不能治愈病毒感染，反而可能导致细菌产生耐药性，使得未来的细菌感染更难治疗。
根据这段文字，为什么不能滥用抗生素？
文中明确指出“滥用抗生素...可能导致细菌产生耐药性，使得未来的细菌感染更难治疗”。
文中明确指出“滥用抗生素...可能导致细菌产生耐药性，使得未来的细菌感染更难治疗”。
这段文字主要说明了什么？
Read this passage:
科学研究表明，我们身体内部和外部都生活着数以万亿计的微生物，其中就包括大量的细菌。这些细菌并非都是有害的，许多种类的细菌在维持人体正常生理功能，比如消化食物、合成维生素等方面发挥着不可或缺的作用。它们与我们共生共存，构成了一个复杂的生态系统。
这段文字主要说明了什么？
文中提到“其中就包括大量的细菌。这些细菌并非都是有害的，许多种类的细菌...发挥着不可或缺的作用”，这表明细菌在人体中扮演重要角色且有些是有益的。
文中提到“其中就包括大量的细菌。这些细菌并非都是有害的，许多种类的细菌...发挥着不可或缺的作用”，这表明细菌在人体中扮演重要角色且有些是有益的。
根据这段文字，以下哪项关于厨房的说法是正确的？
Read this passage:
厨房是家中细菌密度最高的区域之一，尤其是在水槽、砧板和抹布上。一项调查显示，厨房水槽中细菌的数量甚至可能超过卫生间马桶。为了家庭成员的健康，定期清洁和消毒厨房是必不可少的。
根据这段文字，以下哪项关于厨房的说法是正确的？
文中第一句就指出“厨房是家中细菌密度最高的区域之一”。
文中第一句就指出“厨房是家中细菌密度最高的区域之一”。
抗生素能有效抑制有害___的生长。
抗生素主要针对细菌感染。
为了防止食物中毒，我们必须确保食物没有被___污染。
食物中毒通常是由细菌污染引起的。
用肥皂洗手是去除手上___最有效的方法之一。
洗手的主要目的是去除细菌以保持卫生。
人体肠道中存在着大量的有益___，对消化系统健康至关重要。
肠道菌群（肠道细菌）对消化健康很重要。
在医疗环境中，预防___感染是至关重要的，因此需要严格的消毒措施。
医院感染（又称交叉感染）通常是由细菌引起的。
科学家正在研究如何利用某些___来分解环境污染物，从而净化水质和土壤。
生物修复中常利用细菌来分解污染物。
抗生素可以有效地抑制___的生长。
抗生素主要用于治疗细菌感染，而非病毒、真菌或寄生虫感染。
为了防止食物中毒，我们应该注意个人卫生，避免___滋生。
食物中毒通常是由细菌引起的，保持卫生可以有效预防。
科学家正在研究如何利用有益___来改善人体健康。
肠道菌群等有益细菌在人体健康中扮演重要角色，是科学研究的热点。
所有的细菌都对人体有害，应该被完全清除。
并非所有细菌都有害，人体内有许多有益细菌，如肠道菌群，对维持健康至关重要。
酒精消毒剂可以有效杀死细菌，但不适用于病毒。
酒精消毒剂对大多数细菌和包膜病毒都有效，但对某些无包膜病毒效果较差。
在高温环境下，细菌的繁殖速度会加快。
大多数细菌在温暖潮湿的环境下繁殖速度最快。
We need to take measures to prevent bacteria from growing.
These bacteria are harmless to the human body.
The doctor recommended using antibacterial hand sanitizer to kill bacteria.
Read this aloud:
请重复：我们需要采取措施防止细菌滋生。
Focus: 滋生 (zī shēng)
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
请重复：这些细菌对人体无害。
Focus: 无害 (wú hài)
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
请重复：医生建议使用抗菌洗手液来杀死细菌。
Focus: 抗菌 (kàng jūn)
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
/ 90 correct
Perfect score!
Hear it Clearly
Listen carefully to the pronunciation of 细菌 (xìjùn). The 'x' sound is like 'sh' in 'sheep' but with your tongue flatter against the roof of your mouth. The 'j' is like 'j' in 'jeep'.
Break it Down
细菌 is made of two characters: 细 (xì) meaning 'thin' or 'fine', and 菌 (jùn) meaning 'germ' or 'fungus'. Thinking of 'fine germ' can help you remember 'bacteria'.
Visual Association
Imagine tiny, fine particles—细菌—when you hear the word. This visual link can make it more memorable.
Use a Sentence
Practice using 细菌 in a simple sentence. For example: '水里有很多细菌。' (Shuǐ lǐ yǒu hěn duō xìjùn.) which means 'There are many bacteria in the water.'
Contenu associé
Ce mot dans d'autres langues
Plus de mots sur health
一粒
A2One pill; a grain (for small, round objects like pills).
一片
A2One tablet; a slice (for flat objects like pills).
不正常
A2abnormal
以上
A2Above, over (a number)
酸痛
A2Sore; aching (especially muscles).
倒是
A2On the contrary; actually.
针灸
A2Acupuncture; traditional Chinese therapy.
扎针
A2to give an injection
急性
B1acute (illness)
急性病
B1Acute disease.
