Bacteria are tiny, ubiquitous organisms that play a complex role in both human health and the environment.
30초 단어
- Microscopic single-celled organisms found everywhere.
- Can be harmful pathogens or beneficial to health.
- Proper hygiene is essential to control bacterial spread.
常见语境：最常见的语境是健康与卫生。例如，家长教育孩子吃饭前要洗手，以免感染细菌；医生在处理伤口时会提到防止细菌入侵。此外，在食品安全领域，也会经常讨论如何通过加热或冷藏来抑制细菌的繁殖。
- 1近义词辨析：与“病毒”（Virus）不同，细菌是完整的单细胞生物，可以通过抗生素治疗；而病毒结构更简单，且通常对抗生素不敏感。与“微生物”（Microorganism）相比，“微生物”是一个更广泛的术语，包含了细菌、真菌、病毒等，而“细菌”是其中的一个具体种类。
예시
饭前洗手可以杀死细菌。
everydayWashing hands before meals can kill bacteria.
该实验室正在研究耐药性细菌的传播机制。
formalThe laboratory is studying the transmission mechanism of drug-resistant bacteria.
厨房里到处都是细菌，要记得消毒。
informalThere are bacteria everywhere in the kitchen; remember to disinfect.
细菌培养是医学微生物学的基础实验。
academicBacterial culture is a fundamental experiment in medical microbiology.
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 쓰는 구문
细菌滋生
bacterial growth
抗生素
antibiotics
자주 혼동되는 단어
Bacteria are independent living organisms, while viruses are much smaller and require a host cell to replicate. They require different medical treatments.
문법 패턴
How to Use It
사용 참고사항
The word '细菌' is neutral and commonly used in both daily conversation and scientific writing. When discussing diseases, it is often paired with '感染' (infection). Be careful to distinguish it from '病毒' (virus) as the medical treatments for them differ significantly.
자주 하는 실수
Learners often use '细菌' to refer to any kind of germ or virus. It is important to remember that '细菌' is specifically for bacteria. Also, avoid saying '制造细菌' when you mean 'culturing bacteria' in a lab; use '培养' instead.
Tips
Use hygiene verbs with bacteria
Pair '细菌' with verbs like 消灭 (destroy), 预防 (prevent), or 感染 (infect) to sound more natural in medical or health contexts.
Don't confuse bacteria with viruses
In Chinese, 细菌 is specifically for bacteria. Do not use it for viruses, which are called 病毒.
Health awareness in Chinese culture
Public health campaigns in China frequently emphasize the importance of hygiene to prevent bacterial and viral infections, especially in schools.
어원
The term '细菌' combines '细' (tiny) and '菌' (fungus/microorganism). It was introduced into Chinese to translate the biological term 'bacteria' during the modernization of science in the late 19th century.
문화적 맥락
In Chinese culture, hygiene is highly emphasized, especially in schools and family settings. The concept of '细菌' is widely taught from a young age to promote health habits.
암기 팁
Think of '细' (tiny) and '菌' (fungus-like organism). Imagine a tiny, invisible creature under a microscope.
자주 묻는 질문
4 질문不是的，许多细菌对人体是有益的。例如，肠道中的益生菌有助于消化和增强免疫系统。
细菌是独立的生物，可以用抗生素杀灭。病毒则需要寄生在活细胞内才能复制，抗生素对病毒无效。
保持良好的个人卫生，如勤洗手、食物煮熟后再食用，以及保持居住环境的清洁，能有效减少细菌感染。
细菌通常在温暖、潮湿且有营养物质的环境中繁殖最快。因此，保持干燥和低温可以抑制细菌生长。
셀프 테스트
饭前洗手可以有效减少手上的___。
在卫生语境下，洗手的主要目的是去除肉眼看不见的微生物，即细菌。
下列关于细菌的描述哪项是正确的？
细菌属于微生物范畴，且并非所有细菌都有害。
（1. 繁殖 2. 细菌 3. 温暖 4. 环境 5. 在 6. 中）
正确的语序是：细菌在温暖环境中繁殖。
점수: /3
Summary
Bacteria are tiny, ubiquitous organisms that play a complex role in both human health and the environment.
- Microscopic single-celled organisms found everywhere.
- Can be harmful pathogens or beneficial to health.
- Proper hygiene is essential to control bacterial spread.
Use hygiene verbs with bacteria
Pair '细菌' with verbs like 消灭 (destroy), 预防 (prevent), or 感染 (infect) to sound more natural in medical or health contexts.
Don't confuse bacteria with viruses
In Chinese, 细菌 is specifically for bacteria. Do not use it for viruses, which are called 病毒.
Health awareness in Chinese culture
Public health campaigns in China frequently emphasize the importance of hygiene to prevent bacterial and viral infections, especially in schools.
예시
4 / 4饭前洗手可以杀死细菌。
Washing hands before meals can kill bacteria.
该实验室正在研究耐药性细菌的传播机制。
The laboratory is studying the transmission mechanism of drug-resistant bacteria.
厨房里到处都是细菌，要记得消毒。
There are bacteria everywhere in the kitchen; remember to disinfect.
细菌培养是医学微生物学的基础实验。
Bacterial culture is a fundamental experiment in medical microbiology.
