急性 30초 만에
- Acute means sudden and severe, often short-lived, especially for illnesses.
- The opposite of acute is chronic (long-term).
- Used in medicine for conditions like acute appendicitis.
- Can also describe sudden, intense problems or reactions.
- Simple Definition
- Acute refers to a condition that comes on suddenly and is usually severe, but short-lived.
- For Learners
- When talking about illnesses or problems, '急性' describes something that starts quickly and is intense, but doesn't last for a very long time. It's the opposite of a chronic condition.
- Detailed Explanation
- The term '急性' (jí xìng) is primarily used in medical contexts to describe conditions that have a rapid onset and a short, often severe, course. It signifies an abrupt beginning and a relatively brief duration, in contrast to '慢性' (màn xìng), which denotes chronic or long-term conditions. For example, an acute illness might be a sudden fever, while a chronic one might be diabetes. The '急' (jí) character conveys urgency or suddenness, and '性' (xìng) relates to nature or character, thus 'acute nature'. This word is essential for understanding medical diagnoses and discussions about health. It can also be used metaphorically to describe situations that escalate quickly and require immediate attention, although its primary usage remains medical. The opposite of acute is chronic, which implies a long-lasting or persistent condition.
- Academic Usage
- In medical terminology, '急性' denotes an acute condition characterized by a sudden onset, rapid progression, and usually a short duration. This contrasts with chronic conditions, which are typically long-lasting and may have a slower onset. The term is critical in differential diagnosis, distinguishing between immediate, life-threatening emergencies and long-term management issues. For instance, acute myocardial infarction presents with sudden chest pain, whereas chronic heart failure is a long-term condition. The semantic scope of '急性' extends to situations requiring prompt intervention, such as acute crises or acute exacerbations of underlying diseases. Understanding this term is fundamental for comprehending clinical presentations, treatment protocols, and epidemiological data in healthcare settings.
他患上了急性阑尾炎，需要立刻手术。
这种病症通常表现为急性发作。
- Medical Contexts
- The most common use of '急性' is in describing medical conditions. It's used with various illnesses to indicate their sudden and severe nature. Examples include '急性肺炎' (acute pneumonia), '急性心脏病' (acute heart disease), '急性肠胃炎' (acute gastroenteritis), and '急性过敏' (acute allergy). Doctors and patients use this term to convey the urgency and type of illness. For example, a patient might say, '我突然感到一阵剧痛，可能是急性病发作' (I suddenly felt a sharp pain, it might be an acute attack). This helps medical professionals to quickly assess the situation and prioritize treatment.
- Sudden Problems
- Beyond purely medical terms, '急性' can describe any problem or situation that arises suddenly and requires immediate attention. For instance, '急性金融危机' (acute financial crisis) refers to a financial crisis that happens very quickly. Similarly, '急性交通堵塞' (acute traffic jam) could describe a sudden, severe traffic blockage. While less common than its medical usage, this metaphorical application highlights the rapid and intense nature of the event. It's important to note that in these non-medical contexts, the severity and short duration are implied, but the immediacy is the key characteristic. For example, a news report might discuss the government's response to an '急性环境污染事件' (acute environmental pollution incident), emphasizing the need for rapid action.
- Describing Reactions
- '急性' can also be used to describe sudden, intense reactions or responses. For example, '急性应激反应' (acute stress reaction) is a psychological response to a traumatic event. In a more general sense, one might describe a person having an '急性愤怒' (acute anger) if they suddenly become very angry. This usage emphasizes the swiftness and intensity of the emotion or reaction. It's often paired with verbs or nouns that describe the reaction itself. For instance, '他对这个消息的反应是急性恐惧' (His reaction to this news was acute fear). This highlights the instantaneous and overwhelming nature of the feeling.
- Comparisons with '慢性'
- Understanding '急性' is greatly enhanced by contrasting it with its antonym, '慢性' (màn xìng), meaning chronic. '慢性' describes conditions or situations that develop slowly and persist over a long period. For example, '慢性疾病' (chronic illness) like diabetes or arthritis are long-term conditions. In contrast, '急性疾病' (acute illness) like appendicitis or a sudden infection require immediate treatment and are typically resolved relatively quickly. This dichotomy is fundamental in medicine and helps to categorize the nature and duration of health issues. When discussing health, distinguishing between acute and chronic is crucial for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning. For instance, a doctor might explain that while a patient has a chronic condition, they are currently experiencing an acute exacerbation of it.
- Common Sentence Structures
- '急性' is often used as an adjective before a noun, particularly medical terms. Common structures include: '急性 + [illness/condition]' (e.g., 急性肺炎, 急性胃痛). It can also be used with verbs like '发作' (fā zuò - to break out, to attack) to describe the onset of a condition: '[condition] 急性发作'. For example, '哮喘急性发作' (asthma acute attack). In sentences describing a problem, it might appear as '出现急性 + [problem]' (e.g., 出现急性问题 - an acute problem arose). The word '突然' (tū rán - suddenly) often precedes or is associated with '急性' to emphasize the abruptness. For instance, '突然出现的急性疼痛' (sudden onset of acute pain).
医生诊断他是急性化脓性扁桃体炎。
我们需要立即处理这个急性问题。
老人的急性肺炎病情很严重。
他突然出现急性腹痛，被送往医院。
- Doctor's Offices and Hospitals
- This is where '急性' is heard most frequently. Medical professionals use it constantly when diagnosing, describing, and discussing patient conditions. You'll hear doctors telling patients or their families things like, '这是急性肠胃炎，需要输液' (This is acute gastroenteritis, IV fluids are needed) or '您的症状可能是急性肾结石' (Your symptoms might be acute kidney stones). Emergency room staff use it to triage patients, as acute conditions often require immediate attention. Medical textbooks, research papers, and patient charts are filled with this term. Even over-the-counter medication instructions might mention '急性症状' (acute symptoms) that require a doctor's visit.
- News and Public Health Announcements
- When there are outbreaks of infectious diseases or sudden public health concerns, '急性' is often used. News reports might cover '急性传染病' (acute infectious diseases) and the measures being taken. Public health advisories might warn about '急性呼吸道感染' (acute respiratory infections) during flu season. For example, a report on a sudden environmental disaster might mention '急性污染' (acute pollution) and its immediate health risks. This highlights the word's role in conveying urgency and the sudden nature of a threat to the public.
- Conversations Among Friends and Family (Health-Related)
- When someone falls ill suddenly, they or their family might use '急性' in casual conversation. For instance, someone might call a friend and say, '我昨天突然发高烧，医生说是急性肺炎，我现在很不舒服' (I suddenly had a high fever yesterday, the doctor said it's acute pneumonia, I feel very unwell). Or, '我儿子昨晚肚子疼得厉害，我们赶紧送他去了医院，医生说是急性阑尾炎' (My son had severe stomach pain last night, we rushed him to the hospital, and the doctor said it was acute appendicitis). This shows how the term is integrated into everyday language when discussing sudden health issues.
- Academic Lectures and Discussions
- In university courses related to medicine, biology, or public health, '急性' is a fundamental term. Lectures will often differentiate between acute and chronic conditions. Discussions might revolve around the pathophysiology of '急性炎症' (acute inflammation) or the epidemiological trends of '急性疾病' (acute diseases). Students learning Chinese for medical purposes will encounter this word extensively in their textbooks and study materials.
- Emergency Services
- When calling an ambulance or reporting an emergency, people might use '急性' to describe their situation. For example, they might say, '我需要紧急帮助，我可能得了急性心脏病' (I need emergency help, I might have acute heart disease). Dispatchers are trained to understand these terms and prioritize calls accordingly. The quick and severe nature implied by '急性' signals a high-priority situation.
新闻报道了当地发生的急性工业污染事件。
医生说他的急性扁桃体炎需要休息。
- Confusing with '慢性' (Chronic)
- The most frequent mistake is confusing '急性' (acute) with '慢性' (chronic). Learners might use '急性' to describe a condition that is long-lasting or has been present for a long time, which is incorrect. For example, saying '我得了急性糖尿病' (I have acute diabetes) is wrong; diabetes is a chronic condition. The correct term would be '慢性糖尿病' (chronic diabetes). It's crucial to remember that '急性' implies a sudden onset and short duration, while '慢性' implies a slow onset and long duration. This distinction is vital in medical contexts.
- Overuse in Non-Medical Contexts
- While '急性' can be used metaphorically for sudden, severe problems, learners might overuse it in situations where a simpler word like '突然' (suddenly) or '紧急' (urgent) would be more appropriate and natural. For instance, describing a traffic jam as '急性交通堵塞' is technically understandable but might sound slightly formal or overly dramatic in casual conversation. A more common phrasing might be '突然的交通堵塞' (sudden traffic jam) or '严重的交通堵塞' (severe traffic jam). It's best to reserve '急性' for situations that genuinely mirror the suddenness and intensity of medical conditions.
- Incorrect Collocations
- Learners might try to combine '急性' with nouns where it doesn't naturally fit. '急性' pairs best with nouns referring to illnesses, conditions, reactions, or sudden crises. For example, '急性快乐' (acute happiness) or '急性成功' (acute success) are not standard collocations. While one might experience sudden joy or success, the term '急性' is not used to describe these emotions or events. Stick to established collocations like '急性病' (acute illness), '急性发作' (acute onset/attack), or '急性事件' (acute event/incident).
- Misinterpreting the Degree of Severity
- Although '急性' implies severity, learners might sometimes use it for situations that are merely inconvenient or mildly problematic but not truly severe or sudden. For example, calling a minor headache an '急性头痛' might be an exaggeration. While a severe headache could be acute, a mild one usually isn't described this way unless it has a very sudden onset. It's important to gauge the actual severity and suddenness of the situation before applying the term '急性'. Consider the context and the typical usage of the word.
- Pronunciation Errors
- Although not a common mistake for this specific word, mispronouncing the tones, especially for '急' (jí - second tone) and '性' (xìng - fourth tone), can lead to misunderstanding. Incorrect tones can change the meaning or make the word sound unnatural. Practicing the tones and rhythm is essential for clear communication. For instance, saying 'jì xìng' instead of 'jí xìng' could alter the intended meaning.
Mistake: 他有急性慢性胃炎。
Correct: 他有慢性胃炎。
Mistake: 我感到急性不舒服。
Correct: 我感到很不舒服。
- '急性' (jí xìng) vs. '慢性' (màn xìng)
- This is the primary comparison. '急性' means acute, referring to conditions with a sudden onset and short duration. '慢性' means chronic, referring to conditions that develop slowly and persist over a long time.
Example:
急性病 (jī xìng bìng) - Acute illness
慢性病 (màn xìng bìng) - Chronic illness
Usage:
他得了急性肺炎。 (He got acute pneumonia.)
她患有慢性哮喘。 (She suffers from chronic asthma.) - '急性' (jí xìng) vs. '突发' (tū fā)
- '突发' means sudden or abrupt. While '急性' implies suddenness, it also carries the connotation of severity and a short course, especially in medical contexts. '突发' simply emphasizes the suddenness of an event or occurrence, which might not necessarily be severe or short-lived.
Example:
突发事件 (tū fā shì jiàn) - Sudden incident/event
急性事件 (jī xìng shì jiàn) - Acute event (often implies a crisis)
Usage:
这个地区经常发生突发洪水。 (This area frequently experiences sudden floods.)
我们需要应对这场急性危机。 (We need to deal with this acute crisis.) - '急性' (jí xìng) vs. '紧急' (jǐn jí)
- '紧急' means urgent or emergency. It describes a situation that requires immediate action or attention. While acute conditions are often urgent, '紧急' focuses on the need for prompt response, whereas '急性' focuses on the nature of the condition itself (sudden, severe, short).
Example:
紧急情况 (jǐn jí qíng kuàng) - Emergency situation
急性情况 (jī xìng qíng kuàng) - Acute situation (implies a sudden, severe, and often short-lived condition)
Usage:
这是紧急情况，需要立即报警。 (This is an emergency situation, call the police immediately.)
他的病情突然恶化，变成了急性状态。 (His condition suddenly worsened, turning into an acute state.) - '急性' (jí xìng) vs. '剧烈' (jù liè)
- '剧烈' means severe, violent, or intense. It describes the intensity of a symptom or action. '急性' describes the overall nature of a condition (sudden, severe, short), while '剧烈' specifically describes how severe a symptom is. A symptom can be '剧烈' without the condition being '急性', and vice versa, though they often go together.
Example:
剧烈咳嗽 (jù liè ké sòu) - Severe cough
急性咳嗽 (jī xìng ké sòu) - Acute cough (implies a sudden onset, likely due to infection)
Usage:
他昨晚咳嗽得很剧烈。 (He had a severe cough last night.)
他患了急性支气管炎，引起了剧烈咳嗽。 (He has acute bronchitis, which caused a severe cough.) - '急性' (jí xìng) vs. '严重' (yán zhòng)
- '严重' means serious or severe. It's a general term for the degree of seriousness of a condition, situation, or problem. '急性' is more specific, indicating a sudden onset and short duration, which often implies severity, but not always. A chronic condition can also be '严重'.
Example:
严重事故 (yán zhòng shì gù) - Serious accident
急性事故 (jī xìng shì gù) - Acute accident (implies a sudden, severe, and possibly short-lived accident)
Usage:
这是一起非常严重的车祸。 (This is a very serious car accident.)
突发的急性心脏病可能非常严重。 (Sudden acute heart disease can be very serious.)
'急性' (acute) vs. '慢性' (chronic)
'急性' (sudden/severe) vs. '突发' (sudden)
How Formal Is It?
재미있는 사실
The Latin root 'acu-' for 'sharp' also appears in words like 'acupuncture' (needle piercing) and 'acumen' (sharpness of intellect), highlighting a consistent theme of sharpness or keenness.
발음 가이드
- Misplacing stress: Saying 'AC-ute' instead of 'a-CUTE'.
- Pronouncing the 'a' sound too strongly: It's often a schwa sound /ə/.
- The 'u' sound: Ensure it's a clear 'yoo' sound, not just 'oo'.
난이도
The word 'acute' is common in medical texts and news reports. Understanding its specific meaning in contrast to 'chronic' is key for comprehension. Its usage in non-medical contexts might require more contextual inference.
Using 'acute' correctly in writing, especially in medical or formal contexts, requires a good understanding of its nuances and appropriate collocations. Avoiding overuse in informal settings is also important.
Pronunciation is generally straightforward, but using 'acute' naturally in conversation, particularly to describe medical conditions or sudden problems, requires practice and confidence.
Recognizing 'acute' in spoken language, especially in medical discussions, news broadcasts, or when people describe sudden illnesses, is important for understanding the urgency and nature of the situation.
다음에 무엇을 배울까
선수 학습
다음에 배울 것
고급
알아야 할 문법
Using 'an' before 'acute' when it precedes a vowel sound.
She has an acute condition.
Adjective placement: 'Acute' typically precedes the noun it modifies.
He suffered from acute pain.
Contrast with 'chronic': Understanding the semantic opposition between 'acute' and 'chronic' is crucial for correct usage in medical contexts.
Acute appendicitis requires surgery, while chronic bronchitis needs long-term management.
Collocations: 'Acute' commonly pairs with nouns like 'illness', 'pain', 'shortage', 'crisis', 'attack', 'onset'.
The company faced an acute financial crisis.
Verb agreement: Ensure the verb agrees with the subject when 'acute' modifies a noun.
The patient's symptoms are acute.
수준별 예문
我感觉不舒服。
I feel uncomfortable.
他发烧了。
He has a fever.
医生来了。
The doctor is here.
我需要吃药。
I need to take medicine.
这个病很严重。
This illness is very serious.
我需要休息。
I need to rest.
谢谢你。
Thank you.
我感觉好多了。
I feel much better.
我得了急性感冒，需要在家休息。
I caught an acute cold and need to rest at home.
'急性' here describes the cold as sudden and possibly intense.
他的肚子突然很痛，可能是急性肠胃炎。
His stomach suddenly hurt a lot, it might be acute gastroenteritis.
'急性' emphasizes the sudden and severe nature of the stomach pain and potential illness.
医生说这是急性扁桃体炎，要吃药。
The doctor said it's acute tonsillitis and medicine needs to be taken.
'急性' indicates the tonsillitis is a sudden, severe condition.
她突然发高烧，看起来很虚弱。
She suddenly had a high fever and looked very weak.
While '急性' isn't explicitly used, the description implies an acute illness.
我需要去看医生，因为我的喉咙很痛。
I need to see a doctor because my throat hurts a lot.
This describes a symptom that could be part of an acute condition.
他昨天晚上睡得不好，今天早上感觉很不舒服。
He didn't sleep well last night and felt very uncomfortable this morning.
This could be the start of an acute illness.
医生开了药，让我三天后复查。
The doctor prescribed medicine and asked me to follow up in three days.
This is typical for treating acute conditions.
我希望我的病能快点好起来。
I hope my illness gets better soon.
This sentiment is common when dealing with acute illnesses.
他被诊断出患有急性心肌梗塞，情况危急。
He was diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction, and his condition is critical.
'急性' emphasizes the sudden, severe, and life-threatening nature of the heart attack.
这种急性病症需要立即进行治疗。
This acute condition requires immediate treatment.
'急性' combined with '病症' highlights the urgency required for this type of illness.
患者出现急性呼吸窘迫综合征，生命垂危。
The patient developed acute respiratory distress syndrome and is in critical condition.
'急性' signifies the rapid and severe onset of respiratory failure.
医生建议他卧床休息，避免任何急性劳累。
The doctor advised him to rest in bed and avoid any acute exertion.
'急性劳累' refers to sudden, excessive physical strain that could trigger a health issue.
突如其来的急性腹痛让他无法站立。
Sudden acute abdominal pain made him unable to stand.
'急性腹痛' describes intense, sudden abdominal pain, often indicative of a serious internal issue.
她在接受常规检查时，意外发现了一个急性肿瘤。
During a routine check-up, she unexpectedly discovered an acute tumor.
'急性肿瘤' is less common than '恶性肿瘤' (malignant tumor) or '良性肿瘤' (benign tumor), but can refer to a tumor that has recently appeared or rapidly grown.
这种药物用于治疗急性炎症。
This medication is used to treat acute inflammation.
'急性炎症' refers to inflammation that develops quickly and is usually intense.
他因急性肝炎而住院治疗。
He was hospitalized for treatment of acute hepatitis.
'急性肝炎' indicates a sudden onset of liver inflammation.
医生正在评估患者的急性肾损伤程度。
The doctor is assessing the extent of the patient's acute kidney injury.
'急性肾损伤' (AKI) refers to a sudden loss of kidney function, which is a serious medical condition.
对于急性胰腺炎，禁食和静脉输液是关键治疗措施。
For acute pancreatitis, fasting and intravenous fluid infusion are key treatment measures.
'急性胰腺炎' is a serious condition requiring immediate medical intervention.
在创伤后，一些人会出现急性应激反应。
After trauma, some people may develop an acute stress reaction.
'急性应激反应' is a psychological condition characterized by a rapid onset of distress following a traumatic experience.
这种药物可以缓解急性疼痛，但需遵医嘱服用。
This medication can alleviate acute pain, but must be taken as prescribed by a doctor.
'急性疼痛' refers to pain that comes on suddenly and is often severe.
突发性耳聋，也称为急性耳聋，需要及时就医。
Sudden deafness, also known as acute deafness, requires prompt medical attention.
'急性耳聋' emphasizes the sudden and potentially reversible nature of hearing loss.
儿童的免疫系统可能对某些病毒产生急性反应。
Children's immune systems may have acute reactions to certain viruses.
'急性反应' here describes a rapid and intense immune response.
他因急性酒精中毒被送入急诊室。
He was admitted to the emergency room for acute alcohol poisoning.
'急性酒精中毒' refers to the immediate effects of consuming a large amount of alcohol in a short period.
医生诊断她患有急性黄疸，需要进一步检查病因。
The doctor diagnosed her with acute jaundice and further tests are needed to determine the cause.
'急性黄疸' indicates a rapid onset of jaundice, suggesting an immediate underlying issue.
该研究旨在探讨急性肾衰竭的早期诊断标志物。
The study aims to explore early diagnostic markers for acute renal failure.
'急性肾衰竭' (ARF) is a critical medical term for a sudden and severe loss of kidney function.
对于急性缺血性卒中，时间就是大脑，超早期干预至关重要。
For acute ischemic stroke, time is brain, and ultra-early intervention is crucial.
'急性缺血性卒中' refers to a stroke caused by a sudden blockage of blood flow to the brain.
患者的病情迅速恶化，出现了急性肺水肿。
The patient's condition deteriorated rapidly, leading to acute pulmonary edema.
'急性肺水肿' is a life-threatening condition where fluid rapidly accumulates in the lungs.
在某些情况下，急性特发性血小板减少性紫癜可能需要血浆置换。
In some cases, acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura may require plasma exchange.
'急性特发性血小板减少性紫癜' (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder causing a sudden drop in platelet count.
新型冠状病毒感染可导致急性呼吸窘迫综合征，死亡率较高。
Novel coronavirus infection can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome, with a high mortality rate.
'急性呼吸窘迫综合征' (ARDS) is a severe complication of various infections, including COVID-19.
对急性心肌炎的治疗应个体化，并密切监测患者的生命体征。
Treatment for acute myocarditis should be individualized, with close monitoring of the patient's vital signs.
'急性心肌炎' refers to sudden inflammation of the heart muscle.
该药物的研发目标是针对急性疼痛的快速镇痛。
The drug's development aims for rapid analgesia for acute pain.
'急性疼痛' is a primary target for many pain relief medications.
在诊断急性肝衰竭时，需要排除其他可能导致肝功能急剧下降的因素。
When diagnosing acute liver failure, other factors that can cause a rapid decline in liver function must be excluded.
'急性肝衰竭' is a rapid loss of liver function, a critical medical emergency.
多项研究表明，急性缺氧对大脑的神经元具有不可逆的损伤。
Multiple studies indicate that acute hypoxia causes irreversible damage to brain neurons.
'急性缺氧' refers to a sudden and severe lack of oxygen, leading to rapid cellular damage.
对于急性间歇性卟啉病，应避免诱发因素，并及时补充葡萄糖。
For acute intermittent porphyria, precipitating factors should be avoided, and glucose supplementation should be timely.
'急性间歇性卟啉病' is a rare genetic disorder characterized by sudden, severe attacks.
急性播散性脑脊髓炎是一种罕见的、通常由感染引起的自身免疫性疾病。
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is a rare autoimmune disease usually triggered by infection.
'急性播散性脑脊髓炎' (ADEM) is a neurological disorder involving widespread inflammation in the brain and spinal cord.
重症监护室收治了多名因急性中毒而生命垂危的患者。
The intensive care unit admitted multiple patients in critical condition due to acute poisoning.
'急性中毒' refers to the immediate harmful effects of ingesting or being exposed to a toxic substance.
该临床试验评估了一种新型疗法在治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征中的有效性。
This clinical trial evaluates the efficacy of a novel therapy in treating acute respiratory distress syndrome.
'急性呼吸窘迫综合征' (ARDS) is a complex and severe lung condition.
医生们正在努力控制患者的急性肾功能衰竭。
The doctors are working to control the patient's acute kidney failure.
'急性肾功能衰竭' (ARF) requires intensive medical management.
在处理急性冠脉综合征时，时间窗口对于挽救心肌至关重要。
In managing acute coronary syndrome, the time window is crucial for salvaging myocardial tissue.
'急性冠脉综合征' (ACS) encompasses conditions like heart attacks, where rapid intervention is vital.
研究人员正在研究急性感染后炎症反应的长期后果。
Researchers are investigating the long-term consequences of post-acute infection inflammatory responses.
'急性感染后' refers to the period following an acute infection, and the lingering effects of inflammation.
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 쓰는 구문
— Acute illness; a condition that arises suddenly and is usually severe but short-lived.
他因为急性病被紧急送往医院。
— Acute attack or onset; the sudden appearance or worsening of a condition.
哮喘急性发作时，需要立即使用吸入器。
— Acute appendicitis; a sudden inflammation of the appendix, requiring surgery.
他被诊断出急性阑尾炎，必须马上手术。
— Acute gastroenteritis; a sudden inflammation of the stomach and intestines, causing vomiting and diarrhea.
很多人在夏天会因为食物不洁而患上急性肠胃炎。
— Acute kidney failure; a sudden loss of kidney function.
急性肾衰竭是一种非常危险的状况。
— Acute heart disease; a sudden and severe problem with the heart.
突发急性心脏病需要立即进行急救。
— Acute cerebral infarction; a stroke caused by a sudden blockage of blood flow to the brain.
急性脑梗死的抢救时间非常宝贵。
— Acute jaundice; a rapid onset of yellowing of the skin and eyes.
医生检查后发现是急性黄疸。
— Acute allergy; a sudden and severe allergic reaction.
他对花粉产生了急性过敏。
— Acute stress reaction; a psychological response to a traumatic event.
经历过事故后，他出现了急性应激反应。
자주 혼동되는 단어
'Chronic' refers to long-lasting conditions, the opposite of 'acute' which implies sudden onset and short duration. Confusing these two is a common error.
'Severe' means very bad or intense. While acute conditions are often severe, 'acute' specifically refers to the sudden onset and short duration, whereas 'severe' only describes the intensity.
'Sudden' means happening quickly and without warning. 'Acute' implies suddenness but also adds connotations of severity and a short course, particularly in medical usage.
혼동하기 쉬운
Both 'acute' and 'chronic' describe medical conditions and relate to their duration.
'Acute' refers to conditions that develop rapidly and are usually severe but short-lived. 'Chronic' refers to conditions that develop slowly and persist over a long period. For example, acute appendicitis is a sudden illness requiring immediate surgery, while chronic bronchitis is a long-term lung condition.
He has acute gastritis (sudden, severe stomach inflammation) but also suffers from chronic back pain (long-lasting discomfort).
Acute conditions often require urgent medical attention.
'Urgent' describes a situation that requires immediate action or attention due to its seriousness or time-sensitivity. 'Acute' describes the nature of a condition itself – its sudden onset and short duration. An acute condition is often urgent, but not all urgent situations are necessarily acute (e.g., a planned emergency surgery might be urgent but not acute in onset).
The patient's acute chest pain made it an urgent situation requiring immediate transport to the hospital.
'Acute' conditions are often described as severe.
'Severe' means very intense or serious. It describes the degree of intensity of a symptom or condition. 'Acute' describes the onset and duration (sudden and short). A condition can be acute and severe, acute and mild, chronic and severe, or chronic and mild. For example, a severe headache could be acute (sudden onset) or chronic (persistent).
He had an acute allergic reaction (sudden, short-lived) that was also severe (very intense symptoms).
'Acute' implies a sudden onset.
'Sudden' simply means happening quickly and without warning. 'Acute' also implies suddenness but specifically in the context of illness or problems that are intense and typically short-lived. You can have a sudden change in weather, but you usually talk about an acute illness or an acute shortage.
There was a sudden downpour (happened quickly), but he developed an acute fever (sudden, severe, and likely short-lived illness).
'Acute' implies a sudden onset.
'Sudden' simply means happening quickly and without warning. 'Acute' also implies suddenness but specifically in the context of illness or problems that are intense and typically short-lived. You can have a sudden change in weather, but you usually talk about an acute illness or an acute shortage.
There was a sudden downpour (happened quickly), but he developed an acute fever (sudden, severe, and likely short-lived illness).
문장 패턴
Subject + has/develops + an acute + [noun].
He developed an acute cough.
Subject + experienced + acute + [noun].
She experienced acute pain in her leg.
This is + an acute + [noun].
This is an acute emergency.
The + [noun] + is/was + acute.
The patient's condition was acute.
Subject + needs + immediate + treatment for + acute + [condition].
The child needs immediate treatment for acute dehydration.
Researchers are investigating the mechanisms of acute + [condition].
Researchers are investigating the mechanisms of acute inflammation.
The + [noun] + can lead to + acute + [condition/problem].
The infection can lead to acute respiratory distress.
Early diagnosis of acute + [condition] + is crucial for + [outcome].
Early diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke is crucial for patient recovery.
어휘 가족
형용사
관련
사용법
High, especially in medical and health-related contexts.
-
Using 'acute' for long-lasting conditions.
→
Using 'chronic' for long-lasting conditions.
'Acute' specifically refers to conditions that are sudden and short-lived. For conditions that persist over a long time, the correct term is 'chronic'. For example, you have chronic diabetes, not acute diabetes.
-
Confusing 'acute' with 'severe' in all contexts.
→
Understanding that 'acute' implies suddenness and short duration, while 'severe' only refers to intensity.
While acute conditions are often severe, 'acute' itself focuses on the onset and duration. A condition can be severe but chronic (e.g., severe arthritis), or acute but not extremely severe (e.g., a mild acute cold).
-
Overusing 'acute' in informal situations for minor inconveniences.
→
Using simpler words like 'sudden', 'urgent', or 'bad' for less serious situations.
Using 'acute' to describe something like a minor inconvenience can sound overly dramatic or unnatural. Reserve 'acute' for situations that genuinely reflect suddenness and intensity, especially in a medical context.
-
Incorrect pronunciation (stress placement).
→
Pronouncing 'acute' with stress on the second syllable: /əˈkjuːt/.
A common pronunciation error is stressing the first syllable ('AC-ute'). The correct pronunciation places the stress on the second syllable, 'cute'.
-
Incorrect collocations, e.g., 'acute happiness'.
→
Using 'acute' with nouns related to illness, crisis, pain, or sudden problems.
'Acute' is most commonly associated with negative or challenging situations like illness, pain, or shortages. Phrases like 'acute happiness' are not standard and sound unnatural.
팁
Remember the Contrast
The most effective way to remember 'acute' is to constantly contrast it with its opposite, 'chronic'. Think 'acute = sudden and short' versus 'chronic = slow and long'. This pairing is fundamental for understanding medical terminology.
Stress the Second Syllable
Ensure you stress the second syllable of 'acute' (/əˈkjuːt/). Saying 'AC-ute' is a common mistake. Practice saying 'a-CUTE' clearly, perhaps by imagining a very 'cute' animal that appears suddenly and intensely.
Visual Associations
Create a strong visual link. Imagine a sharp, pointy object (like an 'A' shape) causing a sudden, intense pain. This sharp, sudden, intense feeling is 'acute'. The visual of a lightning bolt striking suddenly also works well.
Article Usage
Remember to use the indefinite article 'an' before 'acute' when it modifies a noun, as 'acute' begins with a vowel sound. For example, 'an acute condition', 'an acute shortage'.
Focus on Core Meaning
The core meaning of 'acute' is 'sudden, severe, and short-lived'. Keep this central idea in mind, especially when encountering it in different contexts. This will help you infer its meaning even in less familiar situations.
Sentence Building
Actively create sentences using 'acute' in various contexts. Try to write sentences describing a sudden headache, a brief but intense storm, or a medical emergency. This active recall strengthens your understanding and usage.
Medical Significance
Understand that in many cultures, particularly those influenced by Western medicine, the distinction between acute and chronic is critical for healthcare. Recognizing 'acute' signifies a situation that often demands immediate medical attention.
Related Terms
Learn related terms like 'acutely' (adverb) and 'acuteness' (noun). Understanding these variations will broaden your vocabulary and help you use the word more flexibly.
Contextual Clues
When listening, pay close attention to the surrounding words and the overall situation. If someone is describing a rapid onset of symptoms or a sudden crisis, 'acute' is likely being used.
암기하기
기억법
Imagine a very sharp, pointy object (like an 'A' shaped needle) that causes a SUDDEN, INTENSE pain. That sudden, intense pain is 'acute'. Think of 'A-cute' pain that is sharp and sudden.
시각적 연상
Picture a lightning bolt striking suddenly and intensely. Lightning is fast, sharp, and intense, just like an acute condition. The 'A' shape of the bolt can remind you of 'acute'.
Word Web
챌린지
Try to describe three common household items or situations using the word 'acute' in a sentence, focusing on its meaning of suddenness or intensity. For example, 'The sudden need for a band-aid was an acute reminder of my clumsiness.'
어원
The English word 'acute' comes from the Latin word 'acutus', meaning 'sharp, pointed, keen'. This Latin word is the past participle of 'acuere', meaning 'to sharpen'. The concept of sharpness and keenness has evolved to describe suddenness and intensity in medical contexts.
원래 의미: Sharp, pointed, keen.
Indo-European > Italic > Latin문화적 맥락
When discussing health, especially acute conditions, empathy and clear communication are important. Avoid using 'acute' lightly for minor inconvenconveniences, as it signifies a potentially serious situation.
In English-speaking cultures, 'acute' is widely used in medical contexts. It's a common term heard in doctor's offices, hospitals, and in public health discussions. The contrast with 'chronic' is very well-established.
실생활에서 연습하기
실제 사용 상황
Medical Diagnosis
- acute illness
- acute condition
- acute symptoms
- acute pain
Describing Sudden Problems
- acute shortage
- acute crisis
- acute problem
- acute situation
Psychological Responses
- acute stress reaction
- acute anxiety
- acute grief
Comparing with Chronic
- acute vs. chronic
- acute phase
- chronic condition
Medical Emergencies
- acute emergency
- acute care
- acute medical event
대화 시작하기
"Have you ever experienced a sudden, severe illness? How did you cope with it?"
"What's the difference between an acute problem and a chronic one in your opinion?"
"If you heard about an 'acute shortage' of something important, what would be your immediate concern?"
"In a medical context, why is it important to distinguish between acute and chronic conditions?"
"Can you think of a time when you had a very sudden and intense emotional reaction? How would you describe that?"
일기 주제
Describe a time you or someone you know experienced a sudden, severe health issue. Focus on the feelings of urgency and the rapid progression of events.
Imagine you are a doctor explaining the difference between an acute and a chronic illness to a patient. Write down what you would say.
Think about a non-medical situation that felt 'acute' – something that happened suddenly and intensely. How did you handle it?
Reflect on the importance of timely intervention for acute conditions. What are the potential consequences of delaying treatment?
Consider the opposite: a situation that is chronic and long-lasting. How do the feelings and challenges associated with chronic issues differ from acute ones?
자주 묻는 질문
10 질문The main difference lies in duration and onset. 'Acute' conditions develop suddenly and are usually short-lived, though they can be severe. 'Chronic' conditions develop slowly and persist for a long time, often requiring ongoing management. Think of acute as a quick, intense event and chronic as a long-term situation.
Yes, 'acute' can be used metaphorically to describe any problem or situation that arises suddenly and is intense, often requiring immediate attention. For example, an 'acute shortage' of water or an 'acute crisis'. However, its primary and most common usage is in medicine.
Not necessarily always severe, but it typically has a rapid onset and a short course. While many acute illnesses are indeed severe and require immediate medical attention (like acute appendicitis or a heart attack), others might be less severe but still fit the definition of sudden onset and short duration (like a common cold that hits hard for a few days).
Common examples include acute appendicitis, acute gastroenteritis, acute bronchitis, acute tonsillitis, acute allergic reactions, and acute myocardial infarction (heart attack).
Generally, yes. The defining characteristic of an acute condition is its short duration. While treatment might be necessary, the condition itself is expected to resolve relatively quickly compared to a chronic condition, which lasts for months or years.
The Chinese word is '急性' (jí xìng). It carries the same meaning of sudden onset, severity, and short duration, and is widely used in medical contexts in China.
Acute conditions are often urgent because their sudden onset and potential severity require immediate medical attention. However, 'urgent' focuses on the need for prompt action, while 'acute' describes the nature of the condition itself (sudden, short, often severe).
Yes, absolutely. This is very common. A person with a chronic condition like asthma can experience an 'acute exacerbation' or 'acute attack' where their symptoms suddenly worsen significantly. This acute episode requires immediate treatment, even though the underlying asthma is chronic.
Common collocations include 'acute illness', 'acute pain', 'acute shortage', 'acute crisis', 'acute attack', 'acute onset', and specific medical terms like 'acute appendicitis'.
The direct opposite of 'acute' in medical and general contexts is 'chronic'.
셀프 테스트 10 질문
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
急性 (jí xìng) describes conditions that are sudden, severe, and typically short in duration, most commonly used in medical contexts to denote acute illnesses, as opposed to chronic ones.
- Acute means sudden and severe, often short-lived, especially for illnesses.
- The opposite of acute is chronic (long-term).
- Used in medicine for conditions like acute appendicitis.
- Can also describe sudden, intense problems or reactions.
Remember the Contrast
The most effective way to remember 'acute' is to constantly contrast it with its opposite, 'chronic'. Think 'acute = sudden and short' versus 'chronic = slow and long'. This pairing is fundamental for understanding medical terminology.
Stress the Second Syllable
Ensure you stress the second syllable of 'acute' (/əˈkjuːt/). Saying 'AC-ute' is a common mistake. Practice saying 'a-CUTE' clearly, perhaps by imagining a very 'cute' animal that appears suddenly and intensely.
Context is Key
While 'acute' can be used metaphorically, its strongest and most frequent usage is in medical contexts. When using it outside of medicine, ensure the situation truly reflects suddenness and intensity; otherwise, a word like 'sudden' or 'urgent' might be more appropriate.
Visual Associations
Create a strong visual link. Imagine a sharp, pointy object (like an 'A' shape) causing a sudden, intense pain. This sharp, sudden, intense feeling is 'acute'. The visual of a lightning bolt striking suddenly also works well.
예시
医生诊断他得了急性阑尾炎。
관련 콘텐츠
health 관련 단어
一粒
A2한 알. 쌀, 약, 씨앗 등 작고 둥근 물건을 셀 때 사용합니다. '약 한 알'은 '一粒药'입니다.
一片
A2One tablet; a slice (for flat objects like pills).
不正常
A2비정상적인, 정상에서 벗어난 상태나 행동을 의미함.
以上
A2이상(以上)은 특정 숫자나 수준보다 위, 또는 그 이상을 의미합니다.
酸痛
A2운동 후에 근육이 쑤시고 아픕니다.
倒是
A2오히려; 사실은. 예상과 반대되는 대조를 나타낼 때 사용됩니다.
针灸
A2Acupuncture; traditional Chinese therapy.
扎针
A2주사를 놓다 또는 침을 놓다.
急性病
B1갑자기 발병하고 증상이 심한 급성 질환을 의미합니다.
住院手续
A2입원 수속은 병원에 입원하기 위해 필요한 행정적 절차를 의미합니다.
