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B1 verb #6,000 सबसे आम 10 मिनट पढ़ने का समय

نوش جان کردن

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نوش جان کردن 30 सेकंड में

  • Polite Persian phrase for enjoying food/drink.
  • Literally: 'make it the drink of your soul'.
  • Used by hosts to offer, or as a general wish.
  • Expresses warmth, hospitality, and well-being.
"Nush-e jan kardan" (نوش جان کردن) is a very common and polite Persian expression used when offering food or drink, or when someone is about to eat or drink something. It literally translates to "making it the drink of your soul" or "making it the life of your spirit." This conveys a wish for the person to truly enjoy and savor what they are consuming, to the point where it nourishes them spiritually and physically. It's a gesture of warmth, hospitality, and good wishes.
Literal Meaning
To make it the drink/food of one's soul or life.
Figurative Meaning
To enjoy eating or drinking something heartily; to have a delicious and satisfying meal.

When someone offers you a delicious dish, you might hear them say, "بفرمایید، نوش جان کنید!" (Befarma'id, nush-e jan konid!) meaning "Please, enjoy your meal!"

It's not just about the act of eating; it's about the experience. When you say "nush-e jan kardan," you are wishing for the food or drink to bring pleasure, health, and satisfaction to the person consuming it. It's a way of saying, "May this be good for you and bring you joy."

If you cook a meal for a friend, you would say, "امیدوارم خوشتون بیاد و نوش جان کنید." (Omidvaram khoshetun biyad va nush-e jan konid.) meaning "I hope you like it and enjoy your meal."

Usage Contexts
  • Offering food or drink to guests.
  • Responding to someone who has just served you food.
  • Wishing someone well as they begin to eat.
  • After someone has finished a meal, you might say, "نوش جان!" (Nush-e jan!) as a general well-wish.
The phrase encapsulates a deep-seated cultural value of hospitality and wishing well-being upon others, especially through the act of sharing food. It transforms a simple act of eating into a meaningful social interaction.

When you are at a Persian restaurant and the waiter brings your food, they might say, "نوش جان!" (Nush-e jan!) indicating they hope you enjoy your meal.

This idiom is a beautiful example of how language can convey not just literal meaning but also cultural values and emotional warmth. It's a phrase that is heard frequently in daily life in Iran and among Persian speakers worldwide.
Using "nush-e jan kardan" (نوش جان کردن) correctly involves understanding its polite and hospitable nature. It's primarily used in contexts involving food and drink, either as a direct offering, a wish, or a response.

When serving guests, the host will often say, "بفرمایید، نوش جان کنید." (Befarma'id, nush-e jan konid.) This is the imperative form, meaning "Please, enjoy (your meal)."

As an Imperative (Command/Request)
This is the most common usage when offering food. The verb "kardan" is conjugated in the second person plural imperative (for politeness) or singular imperative.

If you are eating with friends and someone brings you a special treat, you can say, "خیلی ممنونم، حتماً نوش جان می‌کنم." (Kheyli mamnoonam, hatman nush-e jan mikonam.) meaning "Thank you very much, I will definitely enjoy it." Here, "mikone" is the present tense for "I".

As a Statement of Intent
When you intend to eat something with pleasure, you can use the present tense form of "kardan" to express your intention.

After someone has complimented your cooking, you might reply, "لطف دارید، نوش جان!" (Lotf darid, nush-e jan!) meaning "You are too kind, enjoy!" or simply "Enjoy!"

As a Shortened Exclamation
Often, the phrase is shortened to just "Nush-e jan!" as a general expression of good wishes for eating or drinking.

If you are offering a drink to someone, you can say, "چای تازه دم است، نوش جان کنید." (Chay-e taze dam ast, nush-e jan konid.) meaning "The tea is freshly brewed, please enjoy it."

With Specific Food/Drink
You can explicitly mention what is being offered or enjoyed, although it's often implied.

If you are sharing a snack, you can say, "این بیسکویت‌ها را خودم پخته‌ام، نوش جان!" (In biscotti-ha ra khodam pokhteh-am, nush-e jan!) meaning "I baked these cookies myself, enjoy!"

The key is the intention of wishing someone well and encouraging them to savor their food or drink. It's a phrase that adds a layer of warmth and hospitality to any interaction involving consumption.
"Nush-e jan kardan" (نوش جان کردن) is ubiquitous in Persian culture, and you will hear it in virtually every setting where food or drink is involved. Its presence signifies politeness, hospitality, and a shared appreciation for good food.

At Home: When a mother serves dinner to her children, she will invariably say, "بیاین سر سفره، نوش جان کنید." (Biyayin sar-e sofra, nush-e jan konid.) - "Come to the table, enjoy your meal." It's a fundamental part of family mealtimes.

Family Gatherings
In any family setting, from a simple breakfast to a festive holiday meal, hosts will use this phrase to welcome guests and encourage them to eat heartily.

In Restaurants: Waitstaff are trained to use this phrase. As they place your order in front of you, they will say, "سفارشتون آماده است، نوش جان!" (Sefareshetun amadeh ast, nush-e jan!) - "Your order is ready, enjoy!"

Restaurants and Cafes
This is a standard phrase used by service staff in all types of eateries, from the most casual to the most upscale.

At Social Gatherings: At parties or get-togethers, when snacks or drinks are served, the host will say, "این شیرینی‌ها رو خودم درست کردم، نوش جان کنید." (In shirini-ha ro khodam dorost kardam, nush-e jan konid.) - "I made these sweets myself, please enjoy them."

Social Events
Whether it's a small coffee meeting or a large wedding reception, this phrase is a common way to encourage guests to partake and enjoy the refreshments.

In Offices/Workplaces: If a colleague brings homemade treats for everyone, they might present them with, "این کیک رو آوردم، نوش جان!" (In keyk ro avardam, nush-e jan!) - "I brought this cake, enjoy!"

Informal Settings
Even in less formal environments, the sentiment of wishing someone enjoyment of their food is expressed through this phrase.
You'll also hear it in media, such as cooking shows or movies, where characters are sharing meals. It's a phrase so ingrained in the language that it often appears without explicit translation in contexts where the audience is expected to understand its meaning.
While "nush-e jan kardan" (نوش جان کردن) is a very common phrase, learners can sometimes make mistakes with its usage, primarily related to formality, conjugation, and context.

Mistake: Using it when you are the one eating, and the host is offering. Instead of saying "I will nush-e jan kardan," you should say "Thank you, I will enjoy it." The phrase is primarily for the person *offering* or *wishing* enjoyment, not for the person receiving the offer to describe their own act of eating in this specific polite way.

Misunderstanding the Role
The phrase is most naturally used by the person providing the food/drink or by a third party wishing the eater well. While you can say "I will nush-e jan konam" (I will enjoy it), it's less common than the imperative form used by the host. It can sound slightly boastful or overly literal if used incorrectly by the eater describing their own enjoyment.

Mistake: Incorrect conjugation. Saying "nush-e jan kardan" when you mean "Please enjoy" to a group. The infinitive "kardan" needs to be conjugated. For a group or formal address, it should be "nush-e jan konid" (نوش جان کنید).

Conjugation Errors
The verb "kardan" must agree with the subject. Common errors include using the infinitive form when an imperative is needed, or using the singular informal "kon" when the formal/plural "konid" is appropriate.

Mistake: Using it for non-food items. While "nush-e jan" can metaphorically refer to enjoying something deeply, its primary and most common use is for food and drink. Applying it to abstract concepts might sound unusual or forced.

Contextual Misapplication
While poetic extensions exist, for learners, it's best to stick to its literal meaning related to eating and drinking. Using it for enjoying a book or a movie, for example, is not standard.

Mistake: Overuse or inappropriate formality. While polite, using "nush-e jan konid" in every single instance of offering even a tiny sip of water might feel slightly formal or repetitive in very casual settings among close friends, though it's rarely considered impolite.

Register and Frequency
Learners might default to the most formal version ("konid") in all situations. While safe, in very informal contexts with close friends, a simple "Nush-e jan!" might suffice, or even just a nod and a smile.
Pay attention to how native speakers use it. Listen to the context and the relationship between speakers to gauge the appropriate level of formality and the exact phrasing.
While "nush-e jan kardan" (نوش جان کردن) is the most common and polite way to wish someone enjoyment of their meal, there are other phrases and expressions that carry similar meanings or can be used in related contexts. Understanding these alternatives can enrich your vocabulary and provide nuanced ways to express yourself.
"Befarma'id" (بفرمایید)
This literally means "Please go ahead" or "Help yourself." It's often used in conjunction with "nush-e jan konid" when offering food. For example, "بفرمایید، نوش جان کنید." (Befarma'id, nush-e jan konid.) - "Please, enjoy your meal." On its own, "Befarma'id" is a general invitation to partake.
"Gozideh" (گزیده)
This literally means "chosen" or "select." When used in a food context, like "غذا گزیده" (ghaza-ye gozideh), it implies a carefully selected, choice dish. While not a direct synonym for enjoying, it describes the quality of the food that one would likely "nush-e jan kardan.". It's more descriptive of the food itself.
"Ashpaz-e khosh-mazeh" (آشپز خوش‌مزه)
This translates to "delicious cook." While not a direct substitute for wishing enjoyment, complimenting the cook with "شما آشپز خوش‌مزه‌ای هستید!" (Shoma ashpaz-e khosh-mazeh-i hastid!) - "You are a delicious cook!" implies the food is excellent and will be enjoyed. It's a compliment to the preparer.
"Lazzat bordan" (لذت بردن)
This is the verb "to enjoy." You can say, "از غذای امروز لذت بردم." (Az ghaza-ye emrooz lazzat bordam.) - "I enjoyed today's meal." This is a direct statement of enjoyment, often used after the fact, whereas "nush-e jan kardan" is typically used before or during the meal as a wish.
"Dast-e shoma dard nakone" (دست شما درد نکنه)
This literally means "May your hand not hurt." It's a very common expression of gratitude to someone who has done something for you, including cooking or serving food. It's often said after eating, as a thank you for the effort involved. For example, after a meal, you might say, "غذا عالی بود، دستتون درد نکنه." (Ghaza aali bood, dastetun dard nakone.) - "The food was excellent, thank you for your effort." This is a compliment and a thank you combined.
In summary, "nush-e jan kardan" is the direct wish for enjoyment of food/drink. "Befarma'id" is the invitation to partake. "Lazzat bordan" is the personal statement of enjoyment after the fact. And "dast-e shoma dard nakone" is a broader thank you for the effort.

How Formal Is It?

रोचक तथ्य

The word 'nush' itself has roots related to sweetness and pleasantness, appearing in words like 'nushidarou' (نوشدارو), which historically referred to an elixir or potion believed to prolong life. The combination with 'jan' elevates this to a spiritual level, suggesting that truly enjoyable food or drink is essential for one's inner well-being.

उच्चारण मार्गदर्शिका

UK /noʊʃ dʒɑːn kɛrˈdæn/
US /noʊʃ dʒɑːn kɛrˈdæn/
The primary stress falls on the last syllable of 'kardan' (ن کردن). There is secondary stress on 'jan' (جان).
तुकबंदी
جان (jan) rhymes with: آن (an), مان (man), بان (ban), خان (khan), گان (gan). کردن (kardan) rhymes with: بردن (bordan), خوردن (khordan), مردن (mordan), سپردن (sepordan). نوش (nush) rhymes with: جوش (jush), هوش (hush), گوش (gush), دوش (dush).
आम गलतियाँ
  • Pronouncing 'nush' like 'nosh' (as in 'noshing'). The 'u' sound is closer to the 'oo' in 'moon'.
  • Misplacing stress, often stressing 'nush' or 'kardan' incorrectly.
  • Not properly articulating the 'j' sound in 'jan', making it sound like 'zhan'.

कठिनाई स्तर

पठन 2/5

The phrase itself is simple, but understanding its cultural context and nuances requires some exposure. Reading sentences using it will be straightforward for B1 learners.

लिखना 2/5

Using it correctly in writing requires understanding conjugation and appropriate contexts. Learners might initially struggle with the imperative forms and when to use the full phrase versus the exclamation.

बोलना 2/5

Pronunciation is manageable. The main challenge is knowing when and how to use it appropriately in social situations. Overcoming hesitation to use a polite, culturally specific phrase is key.

श्रवण 1/5

The phrase is very common and often said clearly. Learners should be able to recognize it easily once they are familiar with it.

आगे क्या सीखें

पूर्वापेक्षाएँ

غذا (ghaza - food) نوشیدنی (nushidani - drink) خوردن (khordan - to eat) نوشیدن (nushidan - to drink) ممنون (mamnoon - thank you) بفرمایید (befarma'id - please, go ahead)

आगे सीखें

لذت بردن (lazzat bordan - to enjoy) گوارا (govara - wholesome) دستت درد نکنه (dast-et dard nakone - thank you for your effort) مهمان (mehman - guest) میزبان (mizban - host)

उन्नत

تعارف (ta'arof - politeness, elaborate courtesy) مهمان‌نوازی (mehman-navâzi - hospitality) سفره (sofreh - dining table, spread) آداب غذا خوردن (âdâb-e ghazâ khordan - table manners)

ज़रूरी व्याकरण

Imperative Mood (دستور)

The phrase 'nush-e jan konid' uses the imperative mood. For formal or plural address, we add '-id' to the verb stem. For informal singular, it's 'kon'.

Present Tense Conjugation (حال ساده)

When expressing intent, 'nush-e jan mikonam' (I will enjoy) uses the present tense stem 'kon' with the prefix 'mi-' and personal endings.

Possessive Pronouns (شناسه‌های ملکی)

In sentences like 'ghaza-yash ra nush-e jan kard' (He enjoyed his food), '-ash' is the possessive suffix for 'his/her/its'.

Object Pronouns (مفعول)

The food or drink being enjoyed is often the direct object, marked with 'ra' (را) if definite, as in 'in ghaza ra nush-e jan konid'.

Politeness Levels (سطوح ادب)

Using 'konid' instead of 'kon' shows respect and politeness, crucial for phrases like 'nush-e jan kardan'.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण

1

نوش جان!

Enjoy!

Shortened, common exclamation.

2

بخور، نوش جان.

Eat, enjoy.

Informal imperative, singular.

3

این کیک مال تو، نوش جان.

This cake is yours, enjoy.

Simple sentence structure.

4

چای بخور، نوش جان.

Drink tea, enjoy.

Verb + object + wish.

5

میوه است، نوش جان.

It's fruit, enjoy.

Simple identification + wish.

6

بیا، غذا هست، نوش جان.

Come, there is food, enjoy.

Invitation + statement + wish.

7

شکلات خوب است، نوش جان.

Chocolate is good, enjoy.

Adjective + wish.

8

آب بنوش، نوش جان.

Drink water, enjoy.

Imperative verb + wish.

1

بفرمایید، نوش جان کنید.

Please, enjoy your meal.

Polite imperative, plural/formal.

2

این غذا را خودم پخته‌ام، نوش جان کنید.

I cooked this food myself, please enjoy.

Past tense verb + polite wish.

3

امیدوارم خوشتان بیاید و نوش جان کنید.

I hope you like it and enjoy your meal.

Subjunctive mood + polite wish.

4

شما میزبان خوبی هستید، نوش جان!

You are a good host, enjoy!

Compliment + exclamation.

5

این شیرینی را امتحان کنید، نوش جان.

Try this sweet, enjoy.

Imperative verb + object + wish.

6

لطف دارید، نوش جان می‌کنیم.

You are too kind, we will enjoy.

Polite response + present continuous intention.

7

حتماً نوش جان خواهم کرد.

I will definitely enjoy it.

Future tense intention.

8

این میوه برای شما، نوش جان.

This fruit is for you, enjoy.

Possessive pronoun + wish.

1

میزبان با لبخند گفت: «بفرمایید شام، نوش جان کنید.»

The host said with a smile: 'Please have dinner, enjoy your meal.'

Reported speech, polite imperative.

2

وقتی غذا را جلوی مهمان گذاشت، گفت: «امیدوارم طعمش را دوست داشته باشید و نوش جان کنید.»

When he placed the food in front of the guest, he said: 'I hope you like the taste and enjoy your meal.'

Complex sentence with subordinate clause.

3

دوستم کیک خانگی آورده بود و گفت: «این را خودم پخته‌ام، نوش جان!»

My friend had brought homemade cake and said: 'I baked this myself, enjoy!'

Past perfect tense + exclamation.

4

بعد از صرف غذا، گفتم: «خیلی خوشمزه بود، نوش جان!»

After having the meal, I said: 'It was very delicious, enjoy!' (used retrospectively as a compliment)

Past tense + retrospective compliment.

5

اگر چیزی لازم داشتید، بگویید. الان هم این دسر را نوش جان کنید.

If you need anything, say so. Now, please enjoy this dessert.

Conditional clause + imperative.

6

او همیشه با اشتیاق غذایش را نوش جان می‌کند.

He always enjoys his food with enthusiasm.

Present tense, describing habitual action.

7

چای داغ را در هوای سرد نوش جان کردم.

I enjoyed the hot tea in the cold weather.

Past tense, describing a specific enjoyable experience.

8

وقتی غذای جدیدی را امتحان می‌کنم، دوست دارم آن را با لذت نوش جان کنم.

When I try a new food, I like to enjoy it with pleasure.

General preference statement.

1

میزبان با سخاوت گفت: «این غذا را با عشق پخته‌ام، لطفاً آن را نوش جان کنید و بدانید که برایتان بهترین آرزوها را دارم.»

The host generously said: 'I have cooked this food with love, please enjoy it and know that I wish you the very best.'

Complex sentence with embedded wishes and politeness markers.

2

پیش از شروع مراسم، از حاضران خواسته شد تا غذای آماده شده را با آرامش و لذت نوش جان کنند.

Before the ceremony began, attendees were asked to enjoy the prepared food with peace and pleasure.

Passive voice, formal request.

3

او با ظرافت خاصی از مهمانان پرسید: «آیا از طعم غذا راضی هستید؟ امیدوارم که بتوانید آن را به خوبی نوش جان کنید.»

She delicately asked the guests: 'Are you satisfied with the taste of the food? I hope you can enjoy it well.'

Indirect question, polite inquiry about enjoyment.

4

در فرهنگ ایرانی، تعارف و ابراز محبت در هنگام پذیرایی از مهمانان امری رایج است و «نوش جان کردن» بخشی جدایی‌ناپذیر از این سنت است.

In Iranian culture, politeness and expressing affection during guest hospitality is common, and 'to enjoy one's meal' is an inseparable part of this tradition.

Explanatory sentence about cultural significance.

5

تجربه سفر به شهرهای مختلف ایران، چشیدن طعم غذاهای محلی و شنیدن عبارت «نوش جان» از زبان مردم، بخشی از غنای فرهنگی این سفر بود.

The experience of traveling to different cities in Iran, tasting local foods, and hearing the phrase 'Nush-e jan' from the people was part of the cultural richness of this journey.

Enumeration of experiences, descriptive narrative.

6

حتی در مواقعی که غذا مطابق میل فرد نباشد، ادب حکم می‌کند که حداقل ظاهری از رضایت نشان دهد و عبارت «نوش جان» را به کار ببرد.

Even in situations where the food might not be to one's liking, politeness dictates showing at least a semblance of satisfaction and using the phrase 'Nush-e jan'.

Conditional statement about social etiquette.

7

سرآشپز با افتخار گفت: «این غذا حاصل ساعت‌ها تلاش و دقت است، امیدوارم همگی از آن نهایت لذت را ببرید و نوش جان کنید.»

The head chef said proudly: 'This dish is the result of hours of effort and precision, I hope you all derive the utmost pleasure from it and enjoy it.'

Formal address, emphasis on effort and pleasure.

8

دعوت به «نوش جان کردن» صرفاً یک تعارف نیست، بلکه ابراز امتنانی عمیق نسبت به نعمت‌هایی است که در اختیار داریم.

The invitation to 'enjoy one's meal' is not merely a pleasantry, but a deep expression of gratitude for the blessings we have.

Philosophical interpretation of the phrase.

1

در سنت مهمان‌نوازی ایرانی، عبارت «نوش جان کردن» صرفاً یک پیشنهاد برای خوردن غذا نیست، بلکه تجلی‌گاه مهر، احترام و آرزوی سلامتی برای مهمان است.

In the tradition of Iranian hospitality, the phrase 'Nush-e jan kardan' is not merely an offer to eat food, but a manifestation of affection, respect, and a wish for the guest's well-being.

Abstract conceptualization, metaphorical language.

2

سرآشپز با شور و اشتیاق فراوان، دستور پخت غذا را برای حضار تشریح کرد و تاکید نمود که هر لقمه باید با آگاهی از زحمات کشیده شده و با کمال میل «نوش جان» شود.

The head chef described the recipe to the audience with great passion and enthusiasm, emphasizing that every bite should be 'enjoyed' with an awareness of the efforts made and with utmost willingness.

Detailed description of action and intention, emphasis on mindfulness.

3

تجربه چشیدن طعم‌های اصیل ایرانی، آنگاه که با تعارفات گرم و صمیمانه «نوش جان» همراه می‌شود، تجربه‌ای چندوجهی از فرهنگ غذایی و اجتماعی را به ارمغان می‌آورد.

The experience of tasting authentic Iranian flavors, when accompanied by warm and sincere courtesies of 'Nush-e jan', brings a multifaceted experience of culinary and social culture.

Sophisticated vocabulary, multi-faceted experience description.

4

در مواجهه با غذاهای جدید، چه در محیط خانوادگی و چه در رستوران‌های لوکس، اصل اول، احترام به تلاش آشپز و ابراز تمایل به «نوش جان کردن» آن است.

When encountering new foods, whether in a family setting or luxury restaurants, the primary principle is to respect the chef's effort and express a desire to 'enjoy' it.

General principle statement, comparison of contexts.

5

کودکان در سنین پایین با شنیدن عبارت «نوش جان» از والدین خود، مفهوم قدردانی و لذت بردن از نعمات را به تدریج درونی می‌کنند.

Children at a young age, by hearing the phrase 'Nush-e jan' from their parents, gradually internalize the concept of gratitude and enjoying blessings.

Developmental aspect, internalization of concepts.

6

حتی در اشعار و متون ادبی فارسی، گاهی به مفهوم «نوش جان کردن» به عنوان استعاره‌ای از پذیرش عمیق و رضایت درونی اشاره می‌شود.

Even in Persian poetry and literary texts, the concept of 'Nush-e jan kardan' is sometimes referred to as a metaphor for deep acceptance and inner contentment.

Literary and metaphorical usage.

7

این عبارت، فراتر از یک تعارف زبانی، نمادی از همبستگی و اشتراک‌گذاری لذات مادی و معنوی در جامعه ایرانی است.

This phrase, beyond a linguistic pleasantry, is a symbol of solidarity and the sharing of material and spiritual pleasures in Iranian society.

Symbolic interpretation, societal implications.

8

سرآشپز با درک این موضوع که رضایت مشتری تنها در طعم غذا خلاصه نمی‌شود، بلکه در تجربه کلی مهمان‌نوازی و ابراز محبت نهفته است، همواره تاکید داشت که مهمانان غذایشان را «نوش جان» کنند.

The head chef, understanding that customer satisfaction is not limited to the taste of the food but lies in the overall experience of hospitality and the expression of affection, always emphasized that guests should 'enjoy' their meal.

Complex reasoning, holistic approach to hospitality.

1

در تار و پود فرهنگ غذایی ایران، «نوش جان کردن» به مثابه یک آیین کهن، نه تنها به معنای صرف غذا، بلکه به مثابه تجلی‌گاه احترام متقابل، حسن نیت و برکت افزایی در جمع است.

In the fabric of Iranian food culture, 'Nush-e jan kardan' acts as an ancient ritual, not only meaning to eat food but also as a manifestation of mutual respect, goodwill, and the increase of blessings in a gathering.

Elevated language, metaphorical depth, ritualistic interpretation.

2

سرآشپز، در مقام یک هنرمند تعامل‌گرا، هر بشقاب را به مثابه یک بوم نقاشی می‌دید که در آن، طعم‌ها، عطرها و رنگ‌ها در هم می‌آمیختند تا تجربه‌ای حسی ناب را به ارمغان آورند؛ تجربه‌ای که با عبارت «نوش جان کردن» توسط مشتاقان، به کمال می‌رسید.

The head chef, in the capacity of an interactive artist, viewed each plate as a canvas where flavors, aromas, and colors blended to bring forth a pure sensory experience; an experience that was perfected by the phrase 'Nush-e jan kardan' by the enthusiasts.

Artistic metaphor, complex sentence structure, nuanced description of experience.

3

در فلسفه تعارف ایرانی، «نوش جان کردن» بیش از یک تعارف زبانی، نمادی از پذیرش سخاوتمندانه، همدلی و به اشتراک‌گذاری لذات زندگی در سطحی عمیق‌تر است؛ گویی روح مهمان با غذای میزبان در هم می‌آمیزد.

In the philosophy of Iranian politeness (taarof), 'Nush-e jan kardan' is more than a linguistic courtesy; it's a symbol of generous acceptance, empathy, and sharing life's pleasures on a deeper level; as if the guest's soul blends with the host's food.

Philosophical interpretation, abstract conceptualization, deep metaphorical connection.

4

تحلیل زبان‌شناختی این عبارت نشان می‌دهد که «نوش جان کردن» در واقع یک دعای مستتر است؛ دعایی برای گوارایی، سلامتی و تغذیه روح و جسم، که در قالب یک تعارف اجتماعی بازتعریف شده است.

A linguistic analysis of this phrase reveals that 'Nush-e jan kardan' is in fact an implicit prayer; a prayer for digestibility, health, and the nourishment of soul and body, redefined in the guise of a social courtesy.

Linguistic analysis, uncovering deeper meaning, implicit prayer concept.

5

در مواجهه با تنوع فرهنگی در جهان امروز، درک ظرافت‌های عباراتی چون «نوش جان کردن» به ما امکان می‌دهد تا از سطوح سطحی ارتباطات فراتر رفته و به درک عمیق‌تری از ارزش‌های فرهنگی و اجتماعی جوامع دست یابیم.

When encountering cultural diversity in today's world, understanding the subtleties of phrases like 'Nush-e jan kardan' allows us to move beyond superficial levels of communication and achieve a deeper understanding of the cultural and social values of societies.

Cross-cultural communication, deeper understanding, value of linguistic nuances.

6

«نوش جان کردن» صرفاً یک دستور غذایی نیست، بلکه یک فلسفه زندگی است که بر اهمیت لذت بردن از لحظه حال، قدردانی از نعمات و برقراری پیوندهای انسانی از طریق اشتراک‌گذاری غذا تاکید دارد.

'Nush-e jan kardan' is not merely a culinary directive, but a philosophy of life that emphasizes the importance of enjoying the present moment, appreciating blessings, and establishing human connections through sharing food.

Philosophical interpretation, emphasis on life values.

7

در تحلیل گفتمان مهمان‌نوازی ایرانی، عبارت «نوش جان کردن» نقشی کلیدی ایفا می‌کند؛ نه تنها به عنوان ابزاری برای تشویق به خوردن، بلکه به عنوان نشانه‌ای از اعتماد، ارادت و آرزوی خیر برای مهمان.

In the discourse analysis of Iranian hospitality, the phrase 'Nush-e jan kardan' plays a key role; not only as a tool to encourage eating, but as a sign of trust, devotion, and wishing well for the guest.

Discourse analysis, multiple functions of the phrase.

8

حتی در غیاب میزبان، یادآوری عبارت «نوش جان کردن» می‌تواند حس حضور او را زنده نگه دارد و یادآور اهمیت مراقبت و اشتیاق او در تهیه غذا باشد.

Even in the host's absence, recalling the phrase 'Nush-e jan kardan' can keep their sense of presence alive and remind one of their care and enthusiasm in preparing the food.

Psychological impact, memory and presence.

समानार्थी शब्द

لذت بردن (lazzat bordan) خوردن (khordan) گوارا بودن (govara budan) بفرمایید (befarma'id) نوش (nush) دستت درد نکنه (dast-et dard nakone) آب دستته بذار زمین (ab dast-et bezar zamin) گوارا (govara)

विलोम शब्द

بی‌اشتها بودن (bi-eshtehā budan) ناراضی بودن (narazi budan) نخوردن (nakhordan) اجبار کردن (ejbār kardan)

सामान्य शब्द संयोजन

نوش جان کردن غذا
نوش جان کردن چای
نوش جان کردن
با لذت نوش جان کردن
از غذا نوش جان کردن
نوش جان کردن مهمان
نوش جان کردن خود
نوش جان کردن با دوستان
نوش جان کردن یک تجربه
نوش جان کردن سلامتی

सामान्य वाक्यांश

نوش جان!

— Enjoy your meal! (Short, general wish)

وقتی غذا را جلوی کسی می‌گذارید، می‌توانید بگویید: «نوش جان!»

بفرمایید، نوش جان کنید.

— Please, enjoy your meal. (Polite offer)

میزبان به مهمانانش گفت: «بفرمایید، نوش جان کنید.»

امیدوارم نوش جان کنید.

— I hope you enjoy it. (Expressing a wish)

این کیک را خودم پخته‌ام، امیدوارم نوش جان کنید.

حتماً نوش جان می‌کنم.

— I will definitely enjoy it. (Accepting an offer)

ممنون از پذیرایی شما، حتماً نوش جان می‌کنم.

همگی نوش جان کنید.

— Everyone, enjoy your meal. (Addressing a group)

سفره آماده است، همگی نوش جان کنید.

این هم برای شما، نوش جان.

— Here is some for you, enjoy. (Offering a portion)

این میوه را چیدم، این هم برای شما، نوش جان.

با کمال میل نوش جان می‌کنم.

— I will gladly enjoy it. (Expressing eagerness)

چه غذای خوشمزه‌ای! با کمال میل نوش جان می‌کنم.

نوش جان شما باد.

— May it be enjoyable for you. (More formal/poetic wish)

این هدیه ناقابل را بپذیرید و نوش جان شما باد.

بعد از غذا، نوش جان!

— After the meal, enjoy! (Often used as a final pleasantry)

همه سیر شدند، بعد از غذا، نوش جان!

لذت ببرید و نوش جان کنید.

— Enjoy yourselves and enjoy your meal. (Combined wish)

امیدوارم از سفرتان لذت ببرید و غذاهای محلی را هم نوش جان کنید.

अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है

نوش جان کردن vs نوشیدن (nushidan)

'Nushidan' is the verb 'to drink'. 'Nush-e jan kardan' is a specific idiomatic phrase for enjoying food or drink, not just the act of drinking.

نوش جان کردن vs خوردن (khordan)

'Khordan' is the general verb 'to eat'. 'Nush-e jan kardan' implies enjoyment and politeness, going beyond the basic act of eating.

نوش جان کردن vs لذت بردن (lazzat bordan)

'Lazzat bordan' means 'to enjoy'. While related, 'nush-e jan kardan' is typically used by the host or as a wish, whereas 'lazzat bordan' is a personal statement of enjoyment, often after the fact.

मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ

"نوش جان کردن"

— To eat or enjoy a meal heartily; to make something the 'drink of one's soul'. It's a polite expression of good wishes for someone consuming food or drink.

وقتی میزبان غذا را جلوی مهمان گذاشت، گفت: «بفرمایید، نوش جان کنید.»

Neutral to Formal
"جان در بدن داشتن"

— To be alive; to have life in one's body. It's a basic statement of existence.

او هنوز جان در بدن دارد، اما بسیار ضعیف است.

Neutral
"از جان و دل (کاری را کردن)"

— To do something with all one's heart and soul; with utmost dedication and sincerity.

او این کار را از جان و دل انجام داد.

Neutral to Formal
"جان کندن"

— To struggle intensely; to put in extreme effort, often to the point of exhaustion. It can also mean to die in agony.

برای تمام کردن این پروژه جان کندم.

Informal to Neutral
"جان به لب رسیدن"

— To be extremely fed up or exasperated; to reach the limit of one's patience.

از دست این بچه‌ها جانم به لب رسید.

Informal
"جان دادن"

— To die; to give one's life. Can be literal or figurative for extreme effort.

سربازان برای وطن جان دادند.

Neutral to Formal
"جان گرفتن"

— To come to life; to gain vitality or spirit. Can also mean to be inspired or energized.

با آمدن بهار، طبیعت جان گرفت.

Neutral
"جانِ مطلب"

— The essence or core of the matter; the main point.

بگذارید بروم سر جان مطلب.

Neutral
"جانِ شیرین"

— One's own dear life; one's beloved. Often used in terms of endearment or self-preservation.

برای نجات جان شیرینش تلاش کرد.

Neutral to Formal
"جانم فدای تو"

— My life is sacrificed for you; an expression of deep love or devotion.

پدرم همیشه می‌گفت: جانم فدای تو باد.

Formal/Poetic

आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले

نوش جان کردن vs نوش (nush)

It's part of the phrase and means 'drink' or 'sweet'.

'Nush' by itself can be a noun meaning 'drink' or 'sweetness'. 'Nush-e jan kardan' is a verb phrase that uses 'nush' as a component to convey the idea of enjoying something deeply, making it a 'drink of the soul'. You wouldn't typically say 'I will nush' when offering food; you'd say 'nush-e jan konid'.

این نوش خیلی خوشمزه است. (In nush kheyli khoshmazeh ast.) - This drink is very delicious. (Here 'nush' is a noun.) vs. لطفاً این غذا را نوش جان کنید. (Lotfan in ghaza ra nush-e jan konid.) - Please enjoy this food. (Here 'nush-e jan kardan' is the verb phrase.)

نوش جان کردن vs جان (jan)

It means 'soul' or 'life' and is a key component of the idiom.

'Jan' is a noun meaning 'soul', 'life', or 'spirit'. In the phrase 'nush-e jan kardan', it signifies that the enjoyment should be so profound it nourishes one's very being. Used alone, 'jan' can have various meanings, such as in expressing endearment ('janam!' - my life!) or in describing living things ('jandâr' - living creature).

او جان خود را به خطر انداخت. (U jan-e khod ra be khatar andakht.) - He risked his own life. vs. غذایتان را نوش جان کنید. (Ghazâyetân ra nush-e jan konid.) - Enjoy your food.

نوش جان کردن vs کردن (kardan)

It's the auxiliary verb used in the phrase.

'Kardan' is a very common Persian verb meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. It's used in countless compound verbs and idiomatic expressions. In 'nush-e jan kardan', it functions as the action verb that completes the idiom, meaning 'to make' or 'to enact' the state of 'nush-e jan'. It's the grammatical engine of the phrase.

من این کار را کردم. (Man in kâr ra kardam.) - I did this task. vs. غذای خوشمزه را نوش جان کنید. (Ghaza-ye khoshmazeh ra nush-e jan konid.) - Enjoy the delicious food.

نوش جان کردن vs بفرمایید (befarma'id)

It's often used alongside 'nush-e jan kardan' when offering food.

'Befarma'id' is a polite imperative meaning 'please go ahead', 'help yourself', or 'here you are'. It's an invitation to partake. 'Nush-e jan kardan' is the wish for enjoyment *after* or *while* partaking. They are complementary but distinct. 'Befarma'id' invites, while 'nush-e jan kardan' wishes pleasure.

بفرمایید، این میوه مال شماست. (Befarma'id, in miveh mâl-e shomâst.) - Please, this fruit is yours. vs. بفرمایید، این میوه را نوش جان کنید. (Befarma'id, in miveh râ nush-e jan konid.) - Please, enjoy this fruit.

نوش جان کردن vs گوارا بودن (govâra budan)

It also relates to the well-being derived from food.

'Govarâ budan' means 'to be wholesome' or 'to be digestible', focusing on the physical benefit and ease of digestion. 'Nush-e jan kardan' focuses more on the pleasure, satisfaction, and spiritual nourishment derived from the food's taste and quality. While both are positive wishes regarding food, 'nush-e jan kardan' is more about enjoyment and 'govâra budan' is about health and ease.

امیدوارم این غذا برایتان گوارا باشد. (Omidvaram in ghaza barâyetân govâra bâshad.) - I hope this food is wholesome for you. vs. غذایتان را نوش جان کنید. (Ghazâyetân râ nush-e jan konid.) - Enjoy your food.

वाक्य संरचनाएँ

A1

Food/Drink + نوش جان!

کیک، نوش جان!

A1

[Verb], نوش جان.

بخور، نوش جان.

A2

بفرمایید، [Food/Drink] نوش جان کنید.

بفرمایید، چای نوش جان کنید.

A2

این [Food/Drink] برای شما، نوش جان.

این میوه برای شما، نوش جان.

B1

امیدوارم [Object] را نوش جان کنید.

امیدوارم این غذا را نوش جان کنید.

B1

[Subject] [Object] را نوش جان کرد/می‌کند.

او غذایش را نوش جان کرد.

B2

میزبان با مهربانی گفت: «[Offer], نوش جان کنید.»

میزبان با مهربانی گفت: «بفرمایید شام، نوش جان کنید.»

C1

در فرهنگ ایرانی، [Phrase] نشان‌دهنده [Concept] است.

در فرهنگ ایرانی، نوش جان کردن نشان‌دهنده مهمان‌نوازی است.

शब्द परिवार

संज्ञा

جان (jân) soul, life, spirit
نوش (nush) drink, elixir, sweet

क्रिया

نوشیدن (nushidan) to drink
کردن (kardan) to do, to make

विशेषण

نوشین (nushin) sweet, pleasant (poetic)
جانانه (jânâneh) hearty, spirited, with all one's heart

संबंधित

نوشیدنی (nushidani) a drink, beverage
نوشابه (nushâbeh) soft drink, soda
جانباز (jânbâz) war veteran (one who risked their life)
جانور (jânavar) animal
جاندار (jândâr) living being, creature
सभी उदाहरण देखने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें

frequency

Very High

सामान्य गलतियाँ
  • Using the infinitive 'kardan' when an imperative is needed. → نوش جان کنید (nush-e jan konid)

    When offering food, you need the imperative form. 'Kardan' is the infinitive. 'Konid' is the polite/plural imperative for 'you'. Saying 'nush-e jan kardan' would be like saying 'to enjoy your meal' instead of 'enjoy your meal!' when offering.

  • Using 'nush-e jan kardan' to describe one's own act of eating when accepting an offer. → ممنون، حتماً نوش جان می‌کنم (mamnoon, hatman nush-e jan mikonam)

    While grammatically possible, it can sound slightly redundant or overly literal for the eater to say 'I will nush-e jan kardan' to the host. A more natural response is to thank the host and state you will enjoy it. The phrase is most naturally used by the giver or a third party.

  • Applying the phrase to non-food items. → Use specific verbs for other enjoyments (e.g., لذت بردن - lazzat bordan for general enjoyment).

    While idioms can sometimes be stretched, 'nush-e jan kardan' is strongly tied to food and drink. Using it for abstract concepts like 'enjoying a book' is not standard and can sound awkward.

  • Incorrect conjugation for singular informal address. → نوش جان کن (nush-e jan kon)

    If addressing a close friend or younger person, the informal imperative 'kon' should be used instead of the formal 'konid'. Failing to do so can sound overly formal.

  • Confusing 'nush' with the English 'nosh'. → Pronounce 'nush' with an 'oo' sound like in 'moon'.

    The English slang 'nosh' (to eat casually) has a different vowel sound and connotation. The Persian 'nush' (as in 'nush-e jan') has a clear 'oo' sound and is part of a much more polite and meaningful expression.

सुझाव

Mastering the 'U' Sound

The 'u' in 'nush' is pronounced like the 'oo' in 'moon' or 'food'. Avoid pronouncing it like the 'u' in 'cup'. Practice saying 'nush' multiple times to get the sound right. Listen to native speakers for guidance.

When in Doubt, Use 'Nush-e jan!'

If you're unsure about the correct conjugation or formality, the shortened exclamation 'Nush-e jan!' is a safe and universally understood way to convey good wishes for a meal or drink. It's versatile and always polite.

The Heart of Hospitality

Remember that 'nush-e jan kardan' is deeply tied to Persian hospitality. Using it shows respect and warmth. It's more than just words; it's an expression of care and good will towards the person you are offering food or drink to.

Conjugating 'Kardan'

The key to using this phrase correctly is conjugating the verb 'kardan' (to do/make). Pay attention to whether you are addressing one person formally/politely ('konid') or informally ('kon'), or if you are speaking about yourself ('konam') or others ('konand').

Soul Food Connection

Connect 'nush' (sweet/drink) with 'jan' (soul). Imagine offering someone a delicious treat that nourishes their very soul. This 'soul food' concept can help you remember the meaning and intention behind the phrase.

Listen Before You Speak

Pay close attention to how native speakers use 'nush-e jan kardan' in different situations. Observe the context, the relationship between speakers, and the specific phrasing they choose. This will help you internalize its natural usage.

Responding to an Offer

When someone says 'Nush-e jan konid' to you, a polite response is 'Mamnoon, hatman nush-e jan mikonam' (Thank you, I will definitely enjoy it) or simply 'Mamnoon' (Thank you).

Integrate it into Your Vocabulary

Don't just learn the phrase; actively try to use it when appropriate. The more you practice, the more natural it will become. Start with simple contexts and gradually expand.

Beyond 'Enjoy'

Understand that 'nush-e jan kardan' is richer than just 'enjoy'. It conveys a wish for deep satisfaction, nourishment, and well-being, connecting the act of eating with one's inner self.

Roots of 'Nush'

The word 'nush' has ancient roots related to sweetness and beneficial elixirs. Remembering this connection can help you appreciate the deeper, life-affirming aspect of the phrase.

याद करें

स्मृति सहायक

Imagine your 'soul' (جان - jan) craving a delicious 'drink' (نوش - nush) that makes it feel alive and happy. When you offer someone food, you're essentially saying, 'Here, have this delicious drink for your soul!' It's like giving your soul a treat. So, 'nush-e jan kardan' is about making food a treat for your soul.

दृश्य संबंध

Picture a heart (representing the soul/جان) filled with a steaming cup of tea or a delicious meal (representing نوش). The action of 'kardan' (doing/making) is the act of serving this soul-nourishing treat. Imagine the heart glowing with satisfaction.

Word Web

نوش جان کردن (Nush-e jan kardan) Meaning: Enjoy your meal, Eat heartily Components: نوش (Nush - drink/sweet), جان (Jan - soul/life), کردن (Kardan - to do/make) Usage: Polite offer, Wish for enjoyment Context: Dining, Hospitality Cultural Significance: Warmth, Respect, Well-being Related Phrases: بفرمایید (Befarma'id), لذت بردن (Lazzat bordan) Antonyms: Bi-eshtehā budan (no appetite), Narazi budan (dissatisfied)

चैलेंज

The next time you are in a Persian-speaking environment or interacting with Persian speakers, actively listen for when 'nush-e jan kardan' is used. Try to identify the speaker's intention (offering, wishing, responding) and then, when appropriate, use the phrase yourself, perhaps starting with the simple exclamation 'Nush-e jan!'.

शब्द की उत्पत्ति

The phrase 'nush-e jan kardan' is a compound expression formed from the Persian words 'nush' (نوش) meaning 'drink', 'sweet', or 'elixir', and 'jan' (جان) meaning 'soul', 'life', or 'spirit'. The verb 'kardan' (کردن) means 'to do' or 'to make'. Thus, it literally means 'to make it the drink/elixir of one's soul/life'. This construction highlights a deep cultural appreciation for food and drink that nourishes not just the body but also the spirit.

मूल अर्थ: To make something the life-giving drink or sweet essence of one's soul.

Indo-Iranian (Persian)

सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ

The phrase is inherently positive and polite. There are no situations where it would be considered insensitive, as it always conveys good wishes related to food and drink. Its overuse in very casual settings might sound slightly formal, but never offensive.

In English-speaking cultures, the closest equivalents are 'Enjoy your meal,' 'Bon appétit,' or simply 'Enjoy.' However, these lack the deeper, spiritual connotation of nourishing the soul that 'nush-e jan kardan' carries.

The phrase is frequently used in Persian literature and poetry, often metaphorically, to describe deep satisfaction or acceptance. It's a staple in Persian cooking shows and culinary content, where chefs use it to encourage viewers to enjoy their creations. You'll hear it in countless Persian films and television series, illustrating its everyday relevance.

असल ज़िंदगी में अभ्यास करें

वास्तविक संदर्भ

Offering food to guests at home.

  • بفرمایید، نوش جان کنید.
  • این غذا را خودم پخته‌ام، نوش جان.
  • امیدوارم خوشتان بیاید و نوش جان کنید.

A waiter serving a customer in a restaurant.

  • سفارشتون آماده است، نوش جان!
  • نوش جان!

A friend sharing homemade treats.

  • این کیک را آوردم، نوش جان!
  • خودم درست کردم، نوش جان کنید.

Someone finishing a meal and expressing thanks.

  • غذا عالی بود، نوش جان!
  • خیلی خوشمزه بود، نوش جان!

Offering a drink.

  • چای تازه دم است، نوش جان کنید.
  • این شربت خنک را نوش جان بفرمایید.

बातचीत की शुरुआत

"When offering someone food, you can say: "بفرمایید، نوش جان کنید!""

"If someone offers you food, a polite response is: "ممنون، حتماً نوش جان می‌کنم.""

"After a meal, you can compliment the host by saying: "غذا عالی بود، نوش جان!""

"When you bring a dish to share, say: "این را خودم پخته‌ام، نوش جان!""

"Even a simple offer of a drink can be accompanied by: "چای داغ است، نوش جان!""

डायरी विषय

Describe a time you were offered food by a Persian speaker and heard 'nush-e jan kardan'. How did it make you feel?

Imagine you are hosting a dinner party. Write down the phrases you would use to offer food and encourage your guests to 'nush-e jan kardan'.

Reflect on the cultural significance of food in your own culture. How does it compare to the role of food and expressions like 'nush-e jan kardan' in Persian culture?

Write a short dialogue between two friends where one is sharing homemade cookies and the other responds with appreciation and the phrase 'nush-e jan'.

Think about a time you truly savored a meal. How would you express that feeling in Persian using 'nush-e jan kardan' or related phrases?

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल

10 सवाल

The literal translation is 'to make it the drink of one's soul' or 'to make it the life/spirit of one's soul'. 'Nush' means drink/sweet/elixir, 'jan' means soul/life, and 'kardan' means to do/make.

Use it when offering food or drink to someone, or when someone is about to eat or drink something. It's a polite expression of good wishes for enjoyment. You can also use the shortened 'Nush-e jan!' as a general exclamation.

It's commonly said by the host offering food, by waiters in restaurants, or by anyone wishing someone else well as they eat. You can also say 'Hatman nush-e jan mikonam' (I will definitely enjoy it) when accepting an offer.

It's not considered rude to omit it, as there are other ways to express politeness. However, using it is a very common and appreciated gesture of hospitality and warmth in Persian culture.

Yes, absolutely! It applies to both food and drinks. Whether it's tea, water, juice, or a meal, the phrase is used to wish enjoyment.

'Nush-e jan kardan' is typically used by the person offering or wishing enjoyment, often proactively. 'Lazzat bordan' (to enjoy) is a direct statement of personal enjoyment, usually made after the fact, describing one's own experience.

Pronounce it roughly as 'nush jân kar-DAN'. The stress is on 'jân' and the final syllable of 'kardan'. The 'u' in 'nush' is like the 'oo' in 'moon'.

While less common, you might say 'Nush-e jan!' to yourself when you're about to enjoy something particularly delicious. However, it's primarily used in social interactions.

'Nush-e jan konid' is the polite, formal, or plural imperative form (used when addressing elders, strangers, or groups). 'Nush-e jan kon' is the informal, singular imperative form, used with close friends or younger people.

The closest English equivalents are 'Enjoy your meal' or 'Bon appétit'. However, 'nush-e jan kardan' carries a deeper sense of spiritual nourishment and heartfelt well-wishing that these lack.

सुझाव और नोट्स के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

खुद को परखो 10 सवाल

/ 10 correct

Perfect score!

अभ्यास करने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

संबंधित सामग्री

food के और शब्द

عدس

A1

एक छोटा, खाद्य फलियां, जिसका उपयोग अक्सर सूप और स्टू में किया जाता है। यह ईरानी भोजन का एक मुख्य हिस्सा है।

عدسی

A1

अदासी एक लोकप्रिय ईरानी दाल का सूप है, जिसे अक्सर नाश्ते में खाया जाता है।

عسل

A1

मधुमक्खियों द्वारा बनाया गया एक मीठा, चिपचिपा तरल। इसे ईरान में अक्सर नाश्ते में खाया जाता है।

عصرانه

A2

एक हल्का भोजन या नाश्ता जो आमतौर पर दोपहर के बाद खाया जाता है।

آب انداختن

B1

पानी छोड़ना (खाना पकाते समय)। जैसे सलाद में नमक डालने पर पानी निकलना।

آب خوردن

A1

पानी पीना। यह बोलचाल की फारसी में सबसे आम तरीका है।

آب معدنی

A2

मिनरल वाटर वह पानी है जिसमें प्राकृतिक खनिज होते हैं।

آب میوه

A2

फलों का रस फलों से निकाला गया तरल पदार्थ है।

آب نبات

A1

A sweet foodstuff made with sugar, often flavored and colored.

آب پز کردن

A2

खाने को उबलते पानी में पकाना। 'मैं आलू उबाल रहा हूँ।'

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