روبروی
Facing or opposite to.
روبروی 30 सेकंड में
- Rooberoo-ye means 'opposite' or 'facing' and is used for spatial orientation.
- It requires the Ezafe (-e) connector when followed by a noun or pronoun.
- Commonly used in urban navigation, like 'opposite the bank' or 'across the street'.
- Can be used metaphorically to mean 'facing a problem' or 'confronting a situation'.
The Persian word روبروی (pronounced roo-be-roo-ye) is a fundamental preposition used to describe spatial orientation. At its core, it signifies that two objects are positioned face-to-face or on opposite sides of a divide, such as a street, a table, or a hallway. The word is a compound of 'Roo' (face), 'be' (to), and 'Roo' (face), literally translating to 'face-to-face'. In modern Persian, it functions as a preposition of place, almost always requiring the Ezafe construction (the short 'e' sound at the end) to link it to the following noun.
- Literal Meaning
- Face-to-face or directly across from a specific point of reference.
- Grammatical Role
- Preposition of place requiring an Ezafe (-e) when followed by a noun.
- Visual Concept
- Imagine two people sitting at a dining table looking at each other; they are 'rooberoo-ye' each other.
کتابخانه دقیقاً روبروی پارک است.
— The library is exactly opposite the park.
Understanding this word requires recognizing its geometric precision. Unlike 'near' (nazdik) or 'beside' (kenar), 'rooberoo' implies a direct line of sight or a mirrored positioning. It is the primary way to give directions in Iranian cities, where landmarks are often defined by what they face across a square or a main boulevard.
او روبروی آینه ایستاد.
— He stood in front of (facing) the mirror.
- Spatial Context
- Used for buildings, furniture, and people in physical space.
- Abstract Context
- Used when facing problems, challenges, or truths.
صندلی من روبروی پنجره است.
— My chair is opposite the window.
Using روبروی correctly involves mastering the Ezafe. Because it is a preposition derived from a noun structure, it must be linked to the object it describes using the 'ye' or 'e' sound. For example, 'Rooberoo-ye madrese' (Opposite the school). Without this link, the sentence becomes grammatically incomplete in formal and most informal speech.
- Static Position: 'Man rooberoo-ye to hastam' (I am opposite you).
- Directional Movement: 'Be samte rooberoo negah kon' (Look towards the front/opposite side).
- Metaphorical Use: 'Ma ba moshkelat-e ziadi rooberoo hastim' (We are facing many problems).
In colloquial Persian (Tehrani dialect), the 'ye' at the end is often pronounced very clearly to distinguish it from 'rooberoo' (the adverb meaning 'face to face'). For instance, 'Rooberoo neshaste' means 'He is sitting face-to-face', whereas 'Rooberoo-ye man neshaste' means 'He is sitting opposite me'.
You will encounter روبروی most frequently in three specific environments: urban navigation, social gatherings, and news reporting. In a taxi (Snapp or Tapsi), a driver might ask, 'Koja piade mishid?' (Where do you get off?), and you would respond, 'Rooberoo-ye bank' (Opposite the bank). It is the bread and butter of Persian spatial orientation.
In literature and cinema, it is used to create tension. A classic scene might involve two rivals standing 'rooberoo-ye ham' (opposite each other). In news broadcasts, you'll hear it regarding international relations: 'Iran dar rooberoo-ye siahsat-haye jadid' (Iran facing new policies). It conveys a sense of direct confrontation or alignment that other prepositions lack.
The most frequent error for learners is confusing روبروی with جلوی (joloy-e - in front of). While they overlap, 'joloy-e' implies being ahead of something in a line or queue, whereas 'rooberoo-ye' implies facing it. If you are standing in front of a building with your back to it, you are 'joloy-e' the building. If you are looking at the building from across the street, you are 'rooberoo-ye' it.
Another mistake is forgetting the Ezafe. Learners often say 'Rooberoo bank' instead of 'Rooberoo-ye bank'. In Persian, prepositions of place almost always require that connecting vowel. Lastly, avoid using it for 'before' in a temporal sense; for time, use 'pish az' or 'ghabl az'.
Several words share the semantic space of روبروی. The most formal synonym is مقابل (moqabel-e). While 'rooberoo' is common in daily speech, 'moqabel' appears more in academic writing and formal speeches. For example, 'Dar moqabel-e in estedlal' (In the face of/opposite this argument).
Another related term is در برابر (dar barabar-e), which often carries a connotation of resistance or comparison. 'Dar barabar-e doshman' (Facing/Against the enemy). For simple physical location, 'rooberoo' remains the most natural choice for A2-B1 learners. Lastly, پیشِ (pish-e) can mean 'in front of' or 'with', but it lacks the specific 'opposite' orientation of 'rooberoo'.
How Formal Is It?
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कठिनाई स्तर
ज़रूरी व्याकरण
स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण
من روبروی تلویزیون هستم.
I am opposite the TV.
Simple prepositional use with Ezafe.
نانوایی روبروی پارک است.
The bakery is opposite the park.
Location description.
میز روبروی پنجره است.
The table is opposite the window.
Static position.
او روبروی من نشست.
He sat opposite me.
Past tense verb with preposition.
ایستگاه روبروی هتل است.
The station is opposite the hotel.
Giving directions.
کتاب روبروی توست.
The book is in front of (opposite) you.
Contraction of 'ast' (is).
خانه ما روبروی مدرسه است.
Our house is opposite the school.
Possessive 'ma' with preposition.
سینما روبروی رستوران است.
The cinema is opposite the restaurant.
Common urban vocabulary.
ماشین را روبروی در پارک کن.
Park the car opposite the door.
Imperative mood.
ما روبروی هم زندگی میکنیم.
We live opposite each other.
Use of 'ham' (each other).
او روبروی آینه موهایش را شانه کرد.
She combed her hair in front of the mirror.
Reflexive context.
بانک دقیقاً روبروی داروخانه است.
The bank is exactly opposite the pharmacy.
Adverb 'daghighan' for emphasis.
آیا صندلی روبروی شما خالی است؟
Is the chair opposite you empty?
Question form.
او همیشه روبروی من مینشیند.
He always sits opposite me.
Habitual present.
ایستگاه مترو روبروی خروجی است.
The metro station is opposite the exit.
Compound nouns.
لطفاً روبروی دوربین بایستید.
Please stand facing the camera.
Formal imperative.
او با یک مشکل بزرگ روبروی شده است.
He has been faced with a big problem.
Compound verb 'rooberoo shodan'.
ساختمان جدید روبروی منظره دریاست.
The new building faces the sea view.
Abstracting 'opposite' to 'facing'.
ما در جلسه روبروی مدیر نشستیم.
We sat opposite the manager in the meeting.
Formal context.
او بدون ترس روبروی دشمن ایستاد.
He stood opposite the enemy without fear.
Literary/Heroic tone.
پنجره اتاق من روبروی طلوع خورشید است.
My room window faces the sunrise.
Descriptive use.
آنها روبروی هم قرار گرفتند تا بحث کنند.
They stood opposite each other to argue.
Action-oriented preposition.
فروشگاه روبروی میدان اصلی شهر است.
The shop is opposite the city's main square.
Complex location.
او روبروی حقیقت تلخی قرار گرفت.
He was faced with a bitter truth.
Metaphorical usage.
دولت با انتقادات شدیدی روبروی است.
The government is facing severe criticism.
Political/News register.
این پنجره روبروی حیاط خلوت باز میشود.
This window opens facing the backyard.
Functional description.
او در دادگاه روبروی شاهد ایستاد.
He stood opposite the witness in court.
Legal context.
تیم ما روبروی قهرمان سال گذشته بازی میکند.
Our team is playing against (opposite) last year's champion.
Competitive context.
آینه را روبروی تابلو نصب نکن.
Don't install the mirror opposite the painting.
Negative imperative.
او روبروی وجدان خود شرمنده بود.
He was ashamed facing his own conscience.
Internal/Abstract facing.
کشور با بحران اقتصادی روبروی شده است.
The country has faced an economic crisis.
Present perfect with compound verb.
صندلیها را روبروی هم بچینید.
Arrange the chairs opposite each other.
Plural imperative.
او در آثارش روبروی سنتهای قدیمی میایستد.
In his works, he stands against (opposite) old traditions.
Intellectual/Critical context.
چیدمان اتاق به گونهای است که مبلها روبروی شومینه باشند.
The room layout is such that the sofas face the fireplace.
Advanced sentence structure.
او ناگهان خود را روبروی واقعیتی غیرمنتظره یافت.
He suddenly found himself facing an unexpected reality.
Narrative style.
تقابل دو لشکر روبروی هم اجتنابناپذیر بود.
The confrontation of the two armies opposite each other was inevitable.
Formal/Historical register.
او روبروی آینه، نقاب از چهره برداشت.
Facing the mirror, he took off the mask.
Symbolic usage.
سیاستهای جدید ما را روبروی چالشهای زیستمحیطی قرار میدهد.
New policies place us opposite (facing) environmental challenges.
Complex subject-object relation.
او در مناظره، روبروی رقیب سرسخت خود نشست.
In the debate, he sat opposite his tough rival.
Political discourse.
معماری این بنا روبروی طلوع و غروب تنظیم شده است.
The architecture of this building is aligned facing the sunrise and sunset.
Technical/Architectural.
اگزیستانسیالیسم انسان را روبروی پوچی مطلق قرار میدهد.
Existentialism places man opposite (facing) absolute absurdity.
Philosophical register.
شاعر در این بیت، خود را روبروی آینه تاریخ میبیند.
The poet, in this verse, sees himself facing the mirror of history.
Literary analysis.
دیالکتیک هگل تز را روبروی آنتیتز قرار میدهد.
Hegelian dialectic places the thesis opposite the antithesis.
Academic/Philosophical.
او در آخرین لحظات، روبروی سرنوشت محتوم خود ایستاد.
In the final moments, he stood facing his inevitable fate.
High literary tone.
ساختار بصری فیلم، قهرمان را مدام روبروی سایهاش قرار میدهد.
The film's visual structure constantly places the hero opposite his shadow.
Film criticism.
این نظریه، علم را روبروی اخلاق قرار داده است.
This theory has placed science opposite (at odds with) ethics.
Abstract conceptualization.
او با نگاهی نافذ، روبروی حقیقت عریان ایستاد.
With a piercing gaze, he stood facing the naked truth.
Metaphorical/Poetic.
تقارن در این مسجد، هر زائر را روبروی محراب قرار میدهد.
The symmetry in this mosque places every pilgrim facing the mihrab.
Religious/Architectural.
सामान्य शब्द संयोजन
सामान्य वाक्यांश
روبروی هم نشستن
روبروی هم ایستادن
دقیقاً روبروی ساختمان
روبروی واقعیت
روبروی آینه رفتن
روبروی چشمهای من
روبروی افق
روبروی باد
روبروی موج
روبروی تاریخ
अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है
मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ
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आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले
वाक्य संरचनाएँ
इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें
Implies a 180-degree orientation.
Universal across Iran, Afghanistan (Dari), and Tajikistan.
- Saying 'Rooberoo bank' instead of 'Rooberoo-ye bank'.
- Using 'Rooberoo' for 'in front of' when you mean 'at the head of a line'.
- Confusing 'Rooberoo' with 'Roobah' (fox).
- Using 'Rooberoo' for temporal 'before'.
- Forgetting that 'Rooberoo' implies a direct facing orientation.
सुझाव
The Ezafe Rule
Always remember the short 'e' or 'ye' sound to connect 'rooberoo' to the next word. It's the glue that holds the prepositional phrase together. Without it, your Persian will sound like 'Opposite bank' instead of 'Opposite of the bank'.
Giving Directions
When giving directions to a taxi driver, use 'rooberoo' for landmarks. It's the clearest way to tell them where to stop. Drivers appreciate the precision of 'opposite the pharmacy' over 'near the pharmacy'.
Compound Verbs
Learn 'rooberoo shodan' (to face) early on. It's a high-frequency verb used for everything from meeting friends to dealing with economic crises. It expands your vocabulary from simple locations to complex actions.
The Double 'Roo'
Make sure to pronounce both 'roo' sounds clearly. It's not 'robroo', it's 'roo-be-roo'. The rhythmic nature of the word makes it easy to remember once you get the hang of the three syllables.
Body Language
In Persian culture, being 'rooberoo' implies focus. If you are talking to someone, try to be 'rooberoo' of them to show respect and attention. It's a spatial manifestation of politeness.
Spelling the Ezafe
In modern Persian typing, the Ezafe after 'vav' (و) is often written as a separate 'ye' (ی). So you will see it as 'روبروی'. This makes it very easy to identify as a preposition.
Context Clues
If you hear 'rooberoo' followed by a noun, it's a location. If you hear it followed by 'shodam' or 'shodand', it's an encounter. Pay attention to the word that follows to understand the meaning.
Face to Face
Remember the literal meaning 'Face-to-Face'. This helps you distinguish it from 'joloy-e' (in front of). If two things don't have 'faces' (like a ball), 'rooberoo' still implies they are looking at each other's 'front' side.
Formal vs Informal
Use 'rooberoo' for 90% of your needs. Save 'moqabel' for when you want to sound like a professor or a news anchor. Both are correct, but 'rooberoo' is much friendlier.
The Mirror Trick
Think of a mirror. When you stand 'rooberoo' of a mirror, you see your 'roo' (face). This visual link will ensure you never forget the word's meaning.
याद करें
शब्द की उत्पत्ति
Persian
सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ
Avoid sitting 'rooberoo' with your legs crossed towards an elder.
Taxis will often drop you 'rooberoo' of your destination if they can't turn into the street.
असल ज़िंदगी में अभ्यास करें
वास्तविक संदर्भ
बातचीत की शुरुआत
"خانه شما روبروی چیست؟"
"آیا دوست داری روبروی پنجره کار کنی؟"
"آخرین باری که با یک مشکل بزرگ روبرو شدی کی بود؟"
"در رستوران ترجیح میدهی روبروی دوستت بنشینی یا کنارش؟"
"اگر روبروی یک آدم مشهور بنشینی، چه میگویی؟"
डायरी विषय
توصیف کنید که روبروی پنجره اتاق شما چه میگذرد.
درباره زمانی بنویسید که با یک ترس روبرو شدید.
چیدمان ایدهآل یک اتاق را توصیف کنید (چه چیزی روبروی چه چیزی باشد).
اگر روبروی آینه با خودتان حرف بزنید، چه میگویید؟
توصیف یک میدان شهر و مغازههای روبروی آن.
अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल
10 सवाल'Rooberoo' means opposite or facing, like two people looking at each other. 'Joloy-e' simply means in front of, regardless of which way they are facing. If you stand in a queue, you are 'joloy-e' the person behind you, but not 'rooberoo' of them. You are 'rooberoo' of someone if you are looking at them from across a table.
Yes, when 'rooberoo' acts as a preposition followed by a noun, the Ezafe is mandatory. In writing, it is often written as a small 'ye' over the final 'vav' or as a separate 'ye'. In speech, it is always pronounced. Without it, the sentence sounds broken and ungrammatical.
No, 'rooberoo' is strictly for spatial or metaphorical 'facing'. For time, use 'ghabl' (before) or 'pish' (ago). You cannot say 'rooberoo-ye jome' to mean 'before Friday'. Use it only for physical locations or facing situations.
It is neutral and used in both registers. However, in extremely formal or academic writing, 'moqabel' or 'dar barabar-e' might be preferred. In daily conversation, 'rooberoo' is the most natural and common choice for everyone.
You say 'rooberoo-ye khiyaban' or more commonly, you name the landmark across the street, like 'rooberoo-ye park'. If you want to say 'the house across the street', you say 'khane-ye rooberoo-ye khiyaban'.
It is a compound verb meaning 'to encounter' or 'to face'. For example, 'ba moshkel rooberoo shodam' means 'I faced a problem'. It is a very common way to describe meeting challenges or unexpected situations.
Yes, 'rooberoo-ye televiziyon' is perfect if you are facing the screen. If you are just near it, you might use 'kenar-e'. 'Rooberoo' emphasizes that you are looking at it.
Yes, in Dari Persian, 'rooberoo' is used in the same way. It is a core Persianic word understood across all dialects, including Tajiki (written as рӯبرӯ).
You can say 'rooberoo' as an adverb. 'Ma rooberoo harf zadim' (We talked face to face). When used without a following noun and without the Ezafe, it functions as an adverb.
In some contexts, yes. 'Tim-e ma rooberoo-ye tim-e anha' can mean 'Our team against their team'. It implies a direct confrontation or competition.
खुद को परखो 87 सवाल
/ 87 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Mastering 'rooberoo-ye' is essential for daily life in Iran. It allows you to navigate cities, arrange furniture, and describe social interactions. Remember to always use the Ezafe (-e) and distinguish it from 'joloy-e' (in front of).
- Rooberoo-ye means 'opposite' or 'facing' and is used for spatial orientation.
- It requires the Ezafe (-e) connector when followed by a noun or pronoun.
- Commonly used in urban navigation, like 'opposite the bank' or 'across the street'.
- Can be used metaphorically to mean 'facing a problem' or 'confronting a situation'.
The Ezafe Rule
Always remember the short 'e' or 'ye' sound to connect 'rooberoo' to the next word. It's the glue that holds the prepositional phrase together. Without it, your Persian will sound like 'Opposite bank' instead of 'Opposite of the bank'.
Giving Directions
When giving directions to a taxi driver, use 'rooberoo' for landmarks. It's the clearest way to tell them where to stop. Drivers appreciate the precision of 'opposite the pharmacy' over 'near the pharmacy'.
Compound Verbs
Learn 'rooberoo shodan' (to face) early on. It's a high-frequency verb used for everything from meeting friends to dealing with economic crises. It expands your vocabulary from simple locations to complex actions.
The Double 'Roo'
Make sure to pronounce both 'roo' sounds clearly. It's not 'robroo', it's 'roo-be-roo'. The rhythmic nature of the word makes it easy to remember once you get the hang of the three syllables.
उदाहरण
پارک روبروی خانه ماست.
संबंधित सामग्री
general के और शब्द
عادتوار
C1As a matter of habit; habitually.
عادی
A1'عادی' शब्द का अर्थ 'सामान्य' या 'साधारण' है। उदाहरण: 'एक सामान्य दिन' (یک روز عادی)।
عافیت
B2Well-being; the state of being comfortable, healthy, or happy.
عاجل
B2Requiring immediate attention or action; urgent.
عاقبت
C1The outcome or result of an action or event.
عاقل
A1बुद्धिमान, समझदार। वह व्यक्ति जो विवेकपूर्ण निर्णय लेता है।
عالمگیر
C1Universal, worldwide, or affecting all parts of the world.
عالی
A1फारसी में 'Aali' का अर्थ है 'उत्कृष्ट' या 'बहुत बढ़िया' ।
عام
B1'Am' शब्द का अर्थ है 'सामान्य' या 'सार्वजनिक' ।
اعم از
B2Including; whether (used to introduce options).
