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B1 noun #7,500 सबसे आम 11 मिनट पढ़ने का समय

錠剤

jouzai
इसका अभ्यास करें उदाहरण नोट्स और सुझाव 錠剤 30 सेकंड में
व्याख्या 錠剤 in your Level:
At the A1 level, you only need to know that 錠剤 (jōzai) means 'tablet' or 'pill'. You will mostly see this word on medicine bottles or hear it from a doctor. The most important thing to remember is that you use the verb 飲む (nomu - to drink) with it. Even though it's a solid pill, you 'drink' it in Japanese. You should also learn the basic counter 錠 (jō) to say how many pills you need. For example, '1錠' (ichijō) or '2錠' (nijō). Don't worry about the complex kanji yet; just focus on recognizing the word when you are at a pharmacy. If you are sick and a doctor gives you pills, they might say 'Kore wa jōzai desu' (This is a tablet).
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
At the A2 level, you should be able to use 錠剤 in simple sentences to describe your health routine. You might say 'Mainichi bitamin no jōzai o nonde imasu' (I take vitamin tablets every day). You should also be able to understand basic instructions from a pharmacist, such as 'Shokugo ni ni-jō nonde kudasai' (Please take two tablets after a meal). At this level, it's helpful to distinguish 錠剤 from other forms like 粉薬 (konagusuri - powder medicine). You might also start noticing adjectives like 'chiisai jōzai' (small tablet) or 'nigai jōzai' (bitter tablet). Practice using the particle を (o) with the verb 飲む.
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
At the B1 level, you are expected to handle more specific medical interactions. You should be able to explain preferences or difficulties, such as 'Jōzai o nomikomu no ga nigate desu' (I am not good at swallowing tablets). You will encounter 錠剤 in compound words like 鎮痛剤の錠剤 (painkiller tablets) or 睡眠薬の錠剤 (sleeping pill tablets). You should also understand the difference between over-the-counter tablets and prescription tablets. At this level, you should be comfortable with the kanji 錠剤 and be able to read it on packaging without furigana. You might also learn about 'kōtingu-jō' (coated tablets) which are easier to swallow.
At the B2 level, you can understand more technical descriptions of tablets. You might read about the 'kōka' (effect) of a 錠剤 or its 'fukusayō' (side effects) in a news report or health blog. You should be familiar with the formal verb 服用する (fukuyō suru - to take medicine) and use it in professional or written contexts. You can discuss the convenience of tablets compared to other forms of medicine using logical connectors like '...ni kurabete' (compared to...). For example, 'Jōzai wa konagusuri ni kurabete, aji ga ki ni naranai' (Tablets, compared to powder, don't have a bothersome taste). You are also expected to know the counter 錠 and its irregular pronunciations (e.g., san-jō, ro-ku-jō).
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
At the C1 level, you can engage in detailed discussions about pharmaceuticals. You might discuss the 'seizō kotei' (manufacturing process) of 錠剤 or the 'yūkyū kikan' (shelf life). You should be able to understand pharmaceutical nuances, such as enteric-coated tablets (腸溶錠 - chōyōjō) or sustained-release tablets (徐放錠 - johōjō). You can read medical journals or academic papers that use 錠剤 as a standard term. Your vocabulary should include related terms like 打錠 (dajō - tableting) and 崩壊性 (hōkaisei - disintegratability). You can also use the word metaphorically or in complex legal/ethical discussions regarding drug regulation.
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
At the C2 level, you have a near-native grasp of 錠剤 in all contexts, including highly specialized pharmaceutical science and medical law. You can analyze the socio-economic impact of tablet production or the history of how 錠剤 replaced traditional Kampo medicine in the Meiji era. You can effortlessly switch between casual conversation about 'taking a pill' and technical discourse about 'drug delivery systems using solid dosage forms'. You understand the subtle nuances of why a certain medication is formulated as a 錠剤 rather than a capsule or injection, and you can articulate these differences in a professional medical or scientific setting.
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
इसका अभ्यास करें उदाहरण नोट्स और सुझाव

錠剤 30 सेकंड में

  • 錠剤 (jōzai) means 'tablet' or 'pill' in Japanese.
  • It is a solid form of medicine, distinct from liquids or powders.
  • Always use the verb 飲む (nomu) when taking a tablet.
  • The specific counter for tablets is 錠 (jō).

The word 錠剤 (じょうざい - jōzai) is a specific Japanese noun used to describe a tablet or a pill. In the medical world, medicine comes in various forms such as liquids, powders, and solids. 錠剤 specifically refers to the solid, compressed form of medicine that we commonly call a tablet in English. It is a compound word consisting of 錠 (jō), which historically referred to a lock or a solid metal piece, and 剤 (zai), which means a chemical agent or medicine. When you see this word, you should immediately think of a hard, round, or oval-shaped medicine that is meant to be swallowed whole with water.

Form and Shape
錠剤 are typically created by compressing medicinal powders into a solid shape. They can be coated (糖衣錠 - tōizō) to mask a bitter taste or uncoated. Unlike capsules (カプセル), which have a shell, a 錠剤 is solid throughout.

この薬は錠剤ですので、噛まずに飲んでください。(Kono kusuri wa jōzai desu node, kamazu ni nonde kudasai.)

Translation: Since this medicine is a tablet, please swallow it without chewing.

In Japan, the use of 錠剤 is extremely common in both over-the-counter (OTC) pharmacies and hospital prescriptions. Historically, Japanese medicine often relied on powders (粉薬 - konagusuri) or decoctions (煎じ薬 - senjigusuri), but modern pharmaceutical practices have made the tablet the standard due to its ease of transport, precise dosage, and longer shelf life. When you visit a Japanese clinic, the doctor or pharmacist will often specify the form of the medicine to ensure you know how to take it correctly.

Etymology of 錠
The character 錠 originally represented a metal bar or a lock. Because early tablets were pressed into hard, distinct shapes resembling small metal pieces, this character was adopted to describe the pharmaceutical 'tablet' form.

ビタミン剤の錠剤を毎日飲んでいます。(Bitamin-zai no jōzai o mainichi nonde imasu.)

Translation: I take vitamin tablets every day.

Understanding the word 錠剤 is essential for anyone living in Japan or navigating the healthcare system. It distinguishes the medicine from liquid forms (水薬 - mizuyaku) or topical applications like ointments (軟膏 - nankō). While the general term for medicine is 薬 (kusuri), 錠剤 provides the specific physical description necessary for medical safety and instruction.

Common Varieties
There are sub-types like チュアブル錠 (chewable tablets) and 口腔内崩壊錠 (OD tablets - orally disintegrating tablets) which dissolve on the tongue without water.

子供用の錠剤は飲みやすい味がついていることが多い。(Kodomo-yō no jōzai wa nomiyasui aji ga tsuite iru koto ga ooi.)

Translation: Tablets for children are often flavored to make them easier to take.

この錠剤は半分に割って飲むことができます。(Kono jōzai wa hanbun ni watte nomu koto ga dekimasu.)

Translation: This tablet can be split in half to be taken.

最近は、水なしで飲める錠剤も増えています。(Saikin wa, mizu nashi de nomeru jōzai mo fuete imasu.)

Translation: Recently, tablets that can be taken without water are increasing.

Using 錠剤 in a sentence requires an understanding of how Japanese handles medical verbs and counters. The most important verb to associate with 錠剤 is 飲む (nomu). While in English we say 'take a pill,' in Japanese, the literal translation is 'drink a pill.' This applies to all internal medicines. You should never use 食べる (taberu - eat) for medicine, even if it is a chewable tablet. Using 飲む indicates the act of consuming medicine for health purposes.

The Counter ~錠
When specifying the number of tablets, you use the counter 錠 (jō).
1錠 (ichijō), 2錠 (nijō), 3錠 (sanjō).
Example: 毎食後に2錠飲んでください (Please take 2 tablets after every meal).

一回に三錠剤を飲むのは大変です。(Ikkai ni san-jōzai o nomu no wa taihen desu.)

Translation: Taking three tablets at once is difficult.

Another common context is describing the characteristics of the tablet. Adjectives like 大きい (ookii - large), 小さい (chiisai - small), or 苦い (nigai - bitter) frequently precede 錠剤. If you are at a pharmacy and find a tablet too large to swallow, you might say, 'この錠剤は大きすぎて飲み込めません' (This tablet is too large and I cannot swallow it). Pharmacists might then suggest a different form or a tablet cutter.

Prescription Context
In a medical setting, the verb 処方する (shohō suru - to prescribe) is used.
Example: 医師は新しい錠剤を処方した (The doctor prescribed a new tablet).

その錠剤は湿気に弱いので、缶に入れて保管してください。(Sono jōzai wa shikke ni yowai node, kan ni irete hokan shite kudasai.)

Translation: Those tablets are sensitive to moisture, so please store them in a tin.

Furthermore, you will see 錠剤 used in compound nouns. For instance, 睡眠薬の錠剤 (suiminyaku no jōzai - sleeping pill tablets) or 鎮痛剤の錠剤 (chintsūzai no jōzai - painkiller tablets). In casual conversation, people often just say 薬 (kusuri), but when specificity is needed—such as when comparing a liquid cold medicine to a tablet version—錠剤 becomes the necessary term.

Action Verbs
砕く (kudaku - to crush), 割る (waru - to split), 飲み込む (nomikomu - to swallow), 吐き出す (hakidasu - to spit out).

この錠剤は、苦味を抑えるためにコーティングされています。(Kono jōzai wa, nigami o osaeru tame ni kōtingu sarete imasu.)

Translation: This tablet is coated to suppress the bitter taste.

多くの錠剤を一度に飲むのは喉に詰まる危険があります。(Ooku no jōzai o ichido ni nomu no wa nodo ni tsumaru kiken ga arimasu.)

Translation: Taking many tablets at once carries the risk of them getting stuck in your throat.

彼は錠剤を飲むのが苦手で、いつも粉薬を希望します。(Kare wa jōzai o nomu no ga nigate de, itsumo konagusuri o kibō shimasu.)

Translation: He is bad at taking tablets and always requests powder medicine.

You will encounter the word 錠剤 in several key environments in Japan. The most frequent location is the 薬局 (yakkyoku - pharmacy) or ドラッグストア (drugstore). When looking for painkillers like Bufferin or Eve, the packaging will clearly state whether the contents are 錠剤 or another form. Pharmacists will use this word when explaining your prescription, often pointing to the physical pills as they describe the dosage. For example, 'こちらが朝食後に飲む錠剤です' (These are the tablets to be taken after breakfast).

Television Commercials (CM)
Japanese TV is full of pharmaceutical ads. You will often hear a narrator highlight that a new medicine is a 'small, easy-to-swallow tablet' (小粒で飲みやすい錠剤). This is a major selling point in the Japanese market.

テレビのCMで、新しい風邪薬の錠剤が紹介されていた。(Terebi no CM de, atarashii kazegusuri no jōzai ga shōkai sarete ita.)

Translation: A new cold medicine tablet was introduced in a TV commercial.

Another common place is in hospitals (病院 - byōin) and clinics (クリニック). Doctors use this term to distinguish between treatment options. If a patient has difficulty swallowing, the doctor might ask, '錠剤は飲めますか？' (Can you take tablets?). This is a standard part of a medical intake interview. Additionally, when you receive your 'medicine notebook' (お薬手帳 - okusuri techō), the printed stickers will list the medicine name followed by the form, such as '〇〇錠' or '〇〇錠剤'.

News and Health Reports
In reports about medical breakthroughs or drug recalls, 錠剤 is the formal term used to describe the medication in question. It sounds more clinical and precise than just saying 'kusuri'.

ニュースによると、その錠剤に不純物が混入していたそうです。(Nyūsu ni yoru to, sono jōzai ni fujunbutsu ga konnyū shite ita sō desu.)

Translation: According to the news, impurities were mixed into those tablets.

Finally, you will hear it in personal health discussions. When friends discuss supplements (サプリメント), they might refer to them as 錠剤. While 'supplement' is the category, 錠剤 is the physical form. 'サプリを錠剤で摂る' (Taking supplements in tablet form). This distinction is useful when the same supplement might also be available as a liquid or powder.

In the Workplace
In pharmaceutical companies or research labs, '錠剤' is the standard technical term used in manufacturing and quality control documentation.

この工場では、一日に百万個の錠剤が生産されています。(Kono kōjō de wa, ichinichi ni hyakuman-ko no jōzai ga seisan sarete imasu.)

Translation: One million tablets are produced daily at this factory.

薬剤師が、錠剤の正しい飲み方を説明してくれた。(Yakuzaishi ga, jōzai no tadashii nomikata o setsumei shite kureta.)

Translation: The pharmacist explained the correct way to take the tablets.

The most frequent mistake English speakers make when using 錠剤 is choosing the wrong verb. In English, we 'take' medicine. In Japanese, the instinct might be to use 取る (toru - take) or 食べる (taberu - eat). However, the correct verb is always 飲む (nomu - drink). Even though a tablet is solid, the action of swallowing it with water is categorized under 'drinking' in the Japanese linguistic framework. Saying '錠剤を食べてください' (Please eat the tablet) sounds very strange and implies you are chewing it like food.

Mistake: Using 'Taberu'
Incorrect: 錠剤を食べて。(Jōzai o tabete.)
Correct: 錠剤を飲んで。(Jōzai o nonde.)

❌ 毎朝、錠剤を二つ食べています。(Maiasa, jōzai o futatsu tabete imasu.)

Correction: 毎朝、錠剤を二錠飲んでいます。(Maiasa, jōzai o ni-jō nonde imasu.)

Another common error involves the counter. While you can use general counters like 一つ (hitotsu) or 二つ (futatsu) in a pinch, it sounds much more natural and professional to use the specific medical counter 錠 (jō). Using general counters makes you sound like a beginner or a child. Furthermore, learners often confuse 錠剤 with カプセル (kapuseru - capsule). While both are pills, 錠剤 is specifically a compressed tablet. If you are describing a capsule, use カプセル to avoid confusion, especially in a medical context where the delivery method matters.

Confusing with 'Kusuri'
While 'kusuri' is the general word for medicine, 'jōzai' is the physical form. Don't use 'jōzai' when you mean 'the concept of medicine' or 'the medication' in a general sense. Use it only when referring to the physical tablet.

❌ この病気の錠剤はまだ見つかっていません。(Kono byōki no jōzai wa mada mitsukatte imasen.)

Correction: この病気の薬はまだ見つかっていません。(Kono byōki no kusuri wa mada mitsukatte imasen.) - You are looking for a 'cure/medicine', not a 'tablet form'.

A subtle mistake is the mispronunciation of the long 'ō' sound in 錠 (jō). Learners sometimes say 'jozai' (short o), but it must be 'jōzai' (long o). Mispronouncing this can lead to confusion, as Japanese is very sensitive to vowel length. Finally, be careful not to use 錠剤 for throat lozenges or cough drops; those are usually called トローチ (torōchi) or 飴 (ame - candy), even though they look like tablets.

Summary of Verbal Pitfalls
1. Don't use 'taberu'.
2. Don't use 'toru' for 'take'.
3. Use 'jō' as the counter.
4. Distinguish between 'jōzai' and 'kapuseru'.

❌ 薬を錠剤で食べると苦いです。(Kusuri o jōzai de taberu to nigai desu.)

Correction: 錠剤を飲むと苦いです。(Jōzai o nomu to nigai desu.)

❌ この錠剤は水で噛んでください。(Kono jōzai wa mizu de kande kudasai.)

Correction: この錠剤は水で飲んでください。(Kono jōzai wa mizu de nonde kudasai.) - Unless it is specifically a chewable tablet.

To master medical Japanese, you must understand how 錠剤 fits into the broader vocabulary of medication forms. While 錠剤 is the most common for modern medicine, several other terms exist that describe different delivery methods. Understanding these will help you communicate more precisely with doctors and pharmacists.

錠剤 vs. カプセル (Kapuseru)
A 錠剤 is a solid, compressed tablet. A カプセル is a gelatin or cellulose shell containing powder or liquid. In many cases, patients find capsules easier to swallow because they are smoother, but they cannot be split in half like some tablets.
錠剤 vs. 粉薬 (Konagusuri)
粉薬 is powder medicine. In Japan, powder medicine is still quite common, especially for children or for Kampo (traditional herbal medicine). 錠剤 is often preferred for its lack of taste, as powders can be very bitter.
錠剤 vs. 丸薬 (Gan-yaku)
丸薬 refers to small, round pills, often associated with traditional or old-fashioned medicine. While 錠剤 are modern factory-made tablets, 丸薬 often implies a more traditional manufacturing style, like the famous 'Seirogan'.

錠剤が苦手なら、同じ成分のシロップ剤もあります。(Jōzai ga nigate nara, onaji seibun no shiroppu-zai mo arimasu.)

Translation: If you are bad with tablets, there is also a syrup version with the same ingredients.

Another important distinction is between 錠剤 and サプリメント (Sapurimento). While many supplements come in the form of 錠剤, the word 錠剤 refers to the *form*, while サプリメント refers to the *content* (nutritional addition). You would say 'サプリメントの錠剤' (supplement tablet). Similarly, トローチ (Torōchi - lozenge) is a specific type of tablet designed to be dissolved slowly in the mouth rather than swallowed whole.

Comparison Table
  • 錠剤: Compressed solid. Swallowed with water.
  • カプセル: Shell with contents. Swallowed with water.
  • 粉薬: Loose powder. Often mixed with water or taken with a wafer (oburaato).
  • 水薬: Liquid medicine. Drunk directly.

この錠剤は、粉薬よりも持ち運びに便利です。(Kono jōzai wa, konagusuri yori mo mochi-hakobi ni benri desu.)

Translation: These tablets are more convenient to carry than powder medicine.

Finally, when discussing the act of taking medicine, you might hear 服用する (fukuyō suru). This is a formal, clinical way to say 'to take/consume medicine'. While 飲む is used in daily life, 服用 is used on medicine labels and by professionals. '錠剤を服用する' (to take a tablet) is the most formal way to express the action.

一回の服用量は二錠です。(Ikkai no fukuyō-ryō wa ni-jō desu.)

Translation: The dosage for one intake is two tablets.

How Formal Is It?

रोचक तथ्य

The use of the character '錠' for medicine only became common in the modern era when Western tableting technology was imported to Japan. Before that, most medicine was liquid or powder.

उच्चारण मार्गदर्शिका

UK /ˈtæblət/
US /ˈtæblət/
Japanese: じょうざい (jōzai) - Pitch accent is usually flat (Heiban) or rises on 'za'.
तुकबंदी
こうざい (kōzai - merit and demerit) ほうざい (hōzai - prescription) ようざい (yōzai - solvent) きょうざい (kyōzai - teaching materials) しょうざい (shōzai - business talent) そうざい (sōzai - side dish) とうざい (tōzai - east and west) ぼうざい (bōzai - disaster prevention)
आम गलतियाँ
  • Pronouncing 'jozai' instead of 'jōzai' (skipping the long vowel).
  • Confusing the pitch accent with 'josai' (female student).
  • Adding a 'u' sound too clearly like 'jo-u-za-i' instead of a smooth long 'o'.
  • Misplacing the stress on the first syllable like English 'TABLET'.
  • Mumbling the 'zai' ending.

कठिनाई स्तर

पठन 3/5

The kanji for 'jō' is somewhat complex but very common in medical contexts.

लिखना 4/5

Writing '錠' and '剤' from memory requires practice due to the number of strokes.

बोलना 2/5

Pronunciation is straightforward once you master the long vowel.

श्रवण 2/5

Easily recognizable in medical or pharmaceutical settings.

आगे क्या सीखें

पूर्वापेक्षाएँ

薬 (kusuri) 飲む (nomu) 病気 (byōki) 病院 (byōin) 水 (mizu)

आगे सीखें

処方箋 (shohōsen - prescription) 副作用 (fukusayō - side effect) 効能 (kōnō - efficacy) 薬剤師 (yakuzaishi - pharmacist) カプセル (kapuseru)

उन्नत

製剤 (seizai - formulation) 溶出 (yōshutsu - dissolution) 賦形剤 (fukeizai - excipient) 打錠 (dajō - tableting) 徐放性 (johōsei - sustained release)

ज़रूरी व्याकरण

Using counters for pills (~錠)

この薬を二錠飲んでください。

The verb 'nomu' for all oral medicine

粉薬も錠剤も「飲みます」と言います。

Expressing difficulty (~にくい)

この錠剤は大きくて飲み込みにくいです。

Expressing purpose (~ために)

健康のために錠剤を飲んでいます。

Conditional 'tara' for medicine results

この錠剤を飲んだら、痛みが消えました。

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण

1

この錠剤を飲んでください。

Please take this tablet.

Uses 'nonde' (drink/take) for medicine.

2

錠剤は二つあります。

There are two tablets.

Uses general counter 'futatsu' which is okay at A1.

3

これは小さい錠剤です。

This is a small tablet.

Adjective 'chiisai' modifies 'jōzai'.

4

水で錠剤を飲みます。

I take the tablet with water.

Particle 'de' indicates the means (water).

5

一錠飲んでください。

Please take one tablet.

Uses the specific counter 'ichijō'.

6

錠剤は苦くないです。

The tablet is not bitter.

Negative adjective 'nigakunai'.

7

お母さんは錠剤を飲みました。

Mother took the tablet.

Past tense 'nomimashita'.

8

錠剤が嫌いです。

I hate tablets.

Uses 'ga kirai' for dislike.

1

毎日、ビタミンの錠剤を飲んでいます。

I take vitamin tablets every day.

Continuous action 'nonde imasu'.

2

この錠剤はどこで買えますか？

Where can I buy these tablets?

Potential form 'kaemasu'.

3

朝食の後に錠剤を二錠飲みます。

I take two tablets after breakfast.

Time expression 'no ato ni'.

4

錠剤を飲むのが難しいです。

Swallowing tablets is difficult.

Nominalizer 'no ga' making 'nomu' a subject.

5

薬局で錠剤をもらいました。

I received tablets at the pharmacy.

Verb 'moraimashita' (received).

6

その錠剤は、水なしで飲めますか？

Can I take those tablets without water?

'Mizu nashi de' means without water.

7

錠剤を半分に割ってもいいですか？

Can I split the tablet in half?

'~te mo ii desu ka' asking for permission.

8

子供は錠剤が飲めません。

Children cannot take tablets.

Potential negative 'nomemasen'.

1

この錠剤は喉に詰まりやすいので注意してください。

This tablet is easy to get stuck in the throat, so please be careful.

Verb stem + 'yasui' (easy to...).

2

医師は鎮痛剤を錠剤で処方した。

The doctor prescribed the painkiller in tablet form.

Formal verb 'shohō suru'.

3

錠剤よりも粉薬の方が早く効く気がする。

I feel like powder medicine works faster than tablets.

Comparison structure 'A yori B no hō ga'.

4

最近の錠剤はコーティングされていて飲みやすい。

Recent tablets are coated and easy to swallow.

Passive 'sarete ite'.

5

旅行に行くときは、錠剤が一番持ち運びに便利だ。

When going on a trip, tablets are the most convenient to carry.

Superlative 'ichiban'.

6

この錠剤は湿気を嫌うので、密閉容器に入れてください。

These tablets are sensitive to moisture, so please put them in an airtight container.

'Shikke o kirau' is a common expression for 'moisture sensitive'.

7

一回に三錠も飲むのは大変です。

Taking as many as three tablets at once is hard.

Particle 'mo' emphasizing a large quantity.

8

錠剤を砕いて飲むと、効果が変わることがあります。

If you crush the tablet and take it, the effect may change.

Conditional 'to' + potential 'kawaru koto ga aru'.

1

この錠剤は腸で溶けるように設計されています。

This tablet is designed to dissolve in the intestines.

'~yō ni sekkei sarete iru' (designed so that...).

2

錠剤の表面に刻印されている記号で薬の種類がわかる。

You can tell the type of medicine by the symbols engraved on the tablet's surface.

Passive 'kokuin sarete iru'.

3

高齢者にとって、大きな錠剤を服用するのは負担が大きい。

For the elderly, taking large tablets is a significant burden.

Formal 'fukuyō suru' and noun 'futan'.

4

新薬は錠剤の形状を工夫することで、服用率を高めた。

The new drug increased the compliance rate by improving the shape of the tablet.

Noun 'keijō' and verb 'takumeta'.

5

その錠剤は劇薬に指定されているため、取り扱いに注意が必要だ。

Because that tablet is designated as a powerful drug, careful handling is required.

Noun 'gekiyaku' (powerful/toxic drug).

6

錠剤の崩壊時間を測定する試験が行われた。

A test was conducted to measure the disintegration time of the tablets.

Compound noun 'hōkai jikan'.

7

ジェネリック医薬品の錠剤は、先発品と形が異なる場合がある。

Generic drug tablets may have a different shape than the original brand-name product.

Noun 'senpatsuhin' (original drug).

8

錠剤の飲み忘れを防ぐために、曜日入りのケースを使っている。

To prevent forgetting to take the tablets, I use a case labeled with the days of the week.

'Nomi-wasure' (forgetting to take).

1

この錠剤は徐放性製剤であり、成分が長時間にわたって放出されます。

This tablet is a sustained-release formulation, and the ingredients are released over a long period.

Technical term 'johōsei seizai'.

2

錠剤の硬度が不十分だと、輸送中に破損する恐れがある。

If the hardness of the tablet is insufficient, there is a risk of it breaking during transport.

Noun 'kōdo' (hardness) and 'osore ga aru' (risk of).

3

打錠機の設定ミスにより、錠剤の重量にバラツキが生じた。

Due to a setting error in the tableting machine, variations occurred in the weight of the tablets.

Noun 'dajōki' (tableting machine).

4

口腔内崩壊錠は、嚥下困難な患者に対するQOL向上に寄与している。

Orally disintegrating tablets contribute to improving the QOL of patients with swallowing difficulties.

Technical term 'enge konnan' (difficulty swallowing).

5

錠剤の添加物がアレルギー反応を引き起こす可能性も否定できない。

The possibility that additives in the tablet cause an allergic reaction cannot be ruled out.

'~mo hitei dekinai' (cannot be denied).

6

製薬会社は、錠剤の識別性を高めるために独自の色を採用した。

The pharmaceutical company adopted a unique color to enhance the identifiability of the tablet.

Noun 'shikibetsusei' (identifiability).

7

錠剤の溶出試験の結果、規格外であることが判明した。

As a result of the dissolution test, it was found that the tablets were out of specification.

Noun 'yōshutsu shiken' (dissolution test).

8

偽造された錠剤が流通しており、当局が警戒を強めている。

Counterfeit tablets are in circulation, and authorities are stepping up their vigilance.

Noun 'gizō' (counterfeit/forgery).

1

錠剤の物理化学的性質が、バイオアベイラビリティに及ぼす影響を考察する。

We will consider the effects of the physicochemical properties of the tablet on bioavailability.

Academic phrasing 'ni oyobosu eikyō'.

2

錠剤のキャッピング現象は、粉体の圧縮特性に起因することが多い。

The capping phenomenon of tablets is often caused by the compression characteristics of the powder.

Technical term 'kyappingu genshō'.

3

多層錠の開発により、相互作用のある成分を一つの錠剤に配合することが可能となった。

The development of multilayer tablets has made it possible to combine interacting ingredients into a single tablet.

Noun 'tasō-jō' (multilayer tablet).

4

錠剤のマイクロカプセル化技術は、薬物の放出制御において極めて重要である。

Microencapsulation technology for tablets is extremely important in controlling drug release.

Technical phrase 'hōshutsu seigyo'.

5

本研究は、錠剤の安定性に寄与する新規コーティング剤の有用性を実証した。

This study demonstrated the usefulness of a new coating agent that contributes to the stability of tablets.

Formal 'jisshō shita' (demonstrated/proved).

6

錠剤の投与コンプライアンスの向上は、慢性疾患治療における喫緊の課題である。

Improving tablet administration compliance is an urgent issue in the treatment of chronic diseases.

Formal 'kikkin no kadai' (urgent issue).

7

錠剤の賦形剤選定が、最終製品の崩壊挙動を決定付ける要因となる。

The selection of excipients for the tablet is a factor that determines the disintegration behavior of the final product.

Technical term 'fukeizai' (excipient).

8

医薬品の剤形選択において、錠剤は生産コストと患者の利便性のバランスに優れている。

In the selection of pharmaceutical dosage forms, tablets excel in the balance between production cost and patient convenience.

Noun 'zaikei' (dosage form).

सामान्य शब्द संयोजन

錠剤を飲む
錠剤を処方する
錠剤を割る
錠剤を砕く
錠剤を飲み込む
錠剤を数える
錠剤を保管する
錠剤を吐き出す
錠剤の形
錠剤の成分

सामान्य वाक्यांश

錠剤タイプ

— Tablet type/form. Used when a product comes in multiple forms.

これは錠剤タイプの洗剤です。

チュアブル錠

— Chewable tablet. A tablet designed to be chewed.

子供にはチュアブル錠が人気だ。

糖衣錠

— Sugar-coated tablet. A tablet with a sweet coating to hide bitterness.

糖衣錠なので苦くない。

口腔内崩壊錠

— Orally disintegrating tablet. Dissolves without water.

水なしで飲める口腔内崩壊錠。

徐放錠

— Sustained-release tablet. Releases medicine slowly.

徐放錠は一日一回で済む。

腸溶錠

— Enteric-coated tablet. Dissolves in the intestines, not the stomach.

胃に優しい腸溶錠です。

錠剤カッター

— Tablet cutter. A tool used to split pills.

錠剤カッターで半分にする。

錠剤ケース

— Pill case. A container to organize tablets.

錠剤ケースを持ち歩く。

錠剤の飲み忘れ

— Forgetting to take a tablet.

錠剤の飲み忘れに注意する。

一回一錠

— One tablet per dose.

この薬は一回一錠です。

अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है

錠剤 vs タブレット (Taburetto)

Often used for computers or candy mints, whereas 'jōzai' is strictly medical.

錠剤 vs カプセル (Kapuseru)

A different physical form (shell containing powder) often confused as both are 'pills'.

錠剤 vs トローチ (Torōchi)

A lozenge that dissolves, while 'jōzai' is usually swallowed.

मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ

"苦い錠剤を飲む"

— To endure something unpleasant or difficult for long-term benefit (literal and metaphorical).

改革のために苦い錠剤を飲む必要がある。

Metaphorical
"魔法の錠剤"

— A 'magic pill' or a quick, easy solution to a complex problem.

経済問題に魔法の錠剤はない。

Metaphorical
"錠剤のように固まる"

— To become hard or compressed like a tablet (rare, descriptive).

雪が錠剤のように固まっている。

Descriptive
"錠剤を噛み砕く"

— To face the harsh reality (similar to 'biting the bullet' in specific contexts).

現実は錠剤を噛み砕くように苦い。

Literary
"一錠の救い"

— A single source of relief or hope in a dire situation.

彼にとって音楽が一錠の救いだった。

Poetic
"錠剤に頼る"

— To be overly dependent on medication or quick fixes.

健康のために錠剤に頼りすぎるのは良くない。

General
"錠剤をのませる"

— To force someone to accept something (often used for children or metaphorically for ideas).

部下に新しい方針という錠剤をのませる。

Casual
"錠剤のラベル"

— The identity or reputation of someone (metaphorical for how they are perceived).

彼は『優等生』という錠剤のラベルを貼られている。

Metaphorical
"錠剤を溶かす"

— To break down a hard situation or resolve a conflict.

彼の笑顔が凍りついた場の錠剤を溶かした。

Poetic
"空の錠剤瓶"

— A symbol of desperation or the end of a resource.

空の錠剤瓶を見て、彼は絶望した。

Literary

आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले

錠剤 vs 錠剤 (jōzai)

Physical form of medicine.

Specifically refers to the compressed solid tablet.

錠剤を飲む。

錠剤 vs 薬剤 (yakuzaishi)

Both contain 'zai'.

薬剤 is a general term for chemicals or drugs, often used in professional contexts.

薬剤の管理。

錠剤 vs 錠 (jō)

The counter vs the noun.

錠 is the counter (1錠, 2錠), while 錠剤 is the noun for the object itself.

1錠の錠剤。

錠剤 vs 丸薬 (gan-yaku)

Both are solid pills.

Gan-yaku are usually small, round, and traditional; Jōzai are modern tablets.

正露丸は丸薬だ。

錠剤 vs 座薬 (zayaku)

Sounds similar (zai/za).

Zayaku is a suppository, not a tablet taken orally.

熱があるので座薬を使う。

वाक्य संरचनाएँ

A1

[Medicine]の錠剤を飲みます。

ビタミンの錠剤を飲みます。

A2

[Time]に[Number]錠飲みます。

寝る前に一錠飲みます。

B1

[Reason]ので、錠剤を飲んでいます。

頭が痛いので、錠剤を飲んでいます。

B2

錠剤を[Verb Stem]にくいです。

この錠剤は大きくて飲み込みにくいです。

C1

錠剤を服用する際は、[Precaution]してください。

錠剤を服用する際は、アルコールを控えてください。

A1

これは[Adjective]錠剤です。

これは白い錠剤です。

A2

錠剤を[Number]つください。

錠剤を二つください。

B1

錠剤より[Other form]のほうが好きです。

錠剤より粉薬のほうが好きです。

शब्द परिवार

संज्ञा

錠 (jō - lock/tablet counter)
薬剤 (yakuzaishi - agent/chemical)
打錠 (dajō - tableting)

क्रिया

錠剤化する (jōzaika suru - to tabletize)

विशेषण

錠剤状の (jōzai-jō no - tablet-shaped)

संबंधित

カプセル (capsule)
粉薬 (powder)
トローチ (lozenge)
丸薬 (pill)
顆粒 (granules)
सभी उदाहरण देखने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें

frequency

Extremely high in medical and health-related contexts.

सामान्य गलतियाँ
  • Using 食べる (taberu) for pills. → 飲む (nomu)

    In Japanese, medicine is 'drunk' regardless of its solid or liquid state.

  • Using 'piru' for general medicine. → 錠剤 (jōzai)

    'Piru' usually refers specifically to oral contraceptives in Japan.

  • Pronouncing it 'jozai' (short o). → jōzai (long o)

    Vowel length is critical in Japanese; 'jozai' doesn't mean tablet.

  • Using general counters like 'hitotsu'. → 一錠 (ichijō)

    Using the correct medical counter 'jō' is the standard for adults.

  • Crushing tablets without asking. → Ask the pharmacist first.

    Some tablets are 'sustained release' and crushing them can be dangerous.

सुझाव

Verb Choice

Always pair 錠剤 with 飲む (nomu) or 服用する (fukuyō suru). Using 食べる (taberu) is a classic mistake for beginners.

Counter Usage

Memorize the counter 錠 (jō). It makes you sound much more fluent than using general counters like 'hitotsu'.

PTP Sheets

In Japan, 錠剤 come in PTP sheets. Don't take them out of the sheet until you are ready to use them, as the humidity in Japan can ruin the tablets.

Swallowing Tip

If a 錠剤 is too big, ask the pharmacist if it's okay to split it. Some tablets have a 'split line' (katamizo) for this purpose.

Kanji Meaning

The first kanji 錠 (lock) looks like a round lock, which helps you remember it's a round pill.

Long Vowels

Accentuate the 'ō' in 'jōzai'. It's a long, steady sound.

Drugstore Labels

Look for the characters 錠剤 on the front of boxes to ensure you aren't buying powder by mistake.

Asking for Help

If you can't swallow tablets, say 'Jōzai ga nigate desu' (I'm not good with tablets) to get an alternative.

Expiration

Check the back of the PTP sheet for the expiration date of the 錠剤.

Medical Records

When filling out medical forms, list your medications as '[Name] 〇〇錠' for clarity.

याद करें

स्मृति सहायक

Think of a 'JOe' (jō) who is 'ZAI-ting' (taking) his daily medicine tablet.

दृश्य संबंध

Imagine a padlock (錠) that magically shrinks and turns into a white medicine pill (剤).

Word Web

Medicine Pill Tablet Pharmacy Doctor Health Swallow Water

चैलेंज

Try to count to ten using the counter 'jō' (ichijō, nijō, sanjō...) without looking at a reference.

शब्द की उत्पत्ति

The word 錠剤 is a Sino-Japanese compound (Kango). The kanji 錠 (jō) originally meant a 'lock' or a 'metal bar'. The kanji 剤 (zai) means 'medicine', 'dose', or 'agent'.

मूल अर्थ: A medicine shaped like a solid metal bar or lock piece.

Sino-Japanese (Kango)

सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ

Be careful when discussing 'pills' in a casual context, as it might be misinterpreted as talking about illegal drugs (though 'jōzai' is strictly medical).

In English, 'pill' is the common word, but it can sometimes imply birth control. 'Tablet' is the more medical/technical term. In Japanese, 'jōzai' is specifically the technical tablet form.

The 'Red Pill' and 'Blue Pill' from The Matrix are often translated using 錠剤 in Japanese subtitles. Seirogan is a famous Japanese 'pill' (丸薬) known for its strong smell. Vitamin supplements in Japan are almost always sold as 錠剤.

असल ज़िंदगी में अभ्यास करें

वास्तविक संदर्भ

At the Pharmacy

  • 錠剤でお願いします。
  • 一回に何錠ですか？
  • この錠剤は苦いですか？
  • 水なしで飲めますか？

At the Doctor's Office

  • 錠剤を飲むのが苦手です。
  • 粉薬に変えられますか？
  • 錠剤を割ってもいいですか？
  • 新しい錠剤を試したいです。

Discussing Health with Friends

  • いい錠剤を知ってるよ。
  • 毎日ビタミン錠剤を飲んでる。
  • その錠剤、効いた？
  • 錠剤ケースを忘れた。

Reading Medicine Labels

  • 一回二錠
  • 食後服用
  • 錠剤の表面
  • 湿気厳禁

Emergency Situations

  • 錠剤が喉に詰まった！
  • 錠剤を間違えて飲んだ。
  • この錠剤は何の薬？
  • 錠剤を吐き出させて！

बातचीत की शुरुआत

"錠剤と粉薬、どちらが飲みやすいと思いますか？ (Which is easier to take, tablets or powder?)"

"毎日飲んでいるサプリメントの錠剤はありますか？ (Are there any supplement tablets you take every day?)"

"大きな錠剤を飲み込むのは得意ですか？ (Are you good at swallowing large tablets?)"

"子供の頃、錠剤を飲むのに苦労しましたか？ (Did you struggle to take tablets when you were a child?)"

"最近は水なしで飲める錠剤が増えましたね。 (Recently, tablets you can take without water have increased, haven't they?)"

डायरी विषय

今日飲んだ錠剤や薬について書いてください。 (Write about the tablets or medicine you took today.)

錠剤を飲むのが苦手な人に、どのようなアドバイスをしますか？ (What advice would you give to someone who is bad at taking tablets?)

将来、錠剤はどのような形に進化すると思いますか？ (What shape do you think tablets will evolve into in the future?)

日本の薬局で錠剤を買った時の経験を書いてください。 (Write about your experience buying tablets at a Japanese pharmacy.)

錠剤のメリットとデメリットについて考えてみてください。 (Think about the merits and demerits of tablets.)

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल

10 सवाल

In English, yes. In Japanese, 'piru' (ピル) usually refers specifically to birth control pills. For all other tablets, use 'jōzai' or 'kusuri'.

Historically, all medicines were liquid or powder mixed with water. The linguistic habit of 'drinking' medicine stayed even after solid tablets were introduced.

Use the counter 'jō' (錠). 1: ichijō, 2: nijō, 3: sanjō, 4: yonjō, 5: gojō, 6: rokujō, 7: nanajō, 8: hachijō, 9: kyūjō, 10: jūjō.

Yes, vitamins in tablet form are called 'bitamin no jōzai' or simply 'bitamin zai'.

It is called a 'chuaburu-jō'. Even so, in polite instructions, the verb 'nomu' is still often used to describe the act of taking the medicine.

It is understood, but sounds like a direct translation from English. 'Nomu' or 'fukuyō suru' are the natural choices.

It is a neutral, standard term used in both daily life and medical settings.

You can say 'Jōzai wa arimasu ka?' (Is there a tablet version?).

The opposite in terms of form would be 'mizuyaku' (liquid medicine) or 'konagusuri' (powder medicine).

No, they can be oval, triangular, or other shapes, but 'jōzai' covers all compressed solid forms.

सुझाव और नोट्स के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

खुद को परखो 180 सवाल

writing

Translate: Please take two tablets.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: I don't like tablets.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: This tablet is small.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: Take one tablet after breakfast.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: I take vitamins in tablet form.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: Swallowing tablets is difficult.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: The doctor prescribed tablets.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: These tablets are bitter.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: I forgot to take the tablet.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: Put the tablets in the case.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: Can I split this tablet?

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: Tablets are more convenient than powder.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: The tablet got stuck in my throat.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: Take three tablets at once.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: This tablet is sugar-coated.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: It is an orally disintegrating tablet.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: The side effects of this tablet are strong.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: Generic tablets are cheaper.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: Dissolution testing of the tablet.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: The hardness of the tablet is important.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Say: Please give me two tablets.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Say: Is this a tablet?

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Say: I took the tablet with water.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Say: I am bad at swallowing tablets.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Say: Can I take this without water?

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Say: I take three tablets every morning.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Say: This tablet is too big.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Say: Where is the pill case?

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Say: The doctor prescribed a new tablet.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Say: I forgot to take my tablet yesterday.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Say: Is there a syrup version of this tablet?

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Say: Don't crush the tablet.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Say: These tablets are for my headache.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Say: I prefer tablets over powder.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Say: How many tablets should I take at once?

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Say: This tablet dissolves in the mouth.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Say: Are there any side effects to this tablet?

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Say: I use a tablet cutter to split them.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Say: Generic tablets are just as effective.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Say: Please explain how to take these tablets.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen and transcribe: 錠剤を二錠飲んでください。

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen and transcribe: この錠剤は苦いです。

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen and transcribe: 朝食の後に飲んでください。

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen and transcribe: 錠剤を半分に割ります。

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen and transcribe: 水なしで飲める錠剤です。

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen and transcribe: 処方された錠剤を飲みました。

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen and transcribe: 飲み忘れに注意してください。

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen and transcribe: 錠剤の副作用が出ました。

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen and transcribe: 糖衣錠なので飲みやすいです。

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen and transcribe: 錠剤の硬度をチェックします。

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: I take this tablet every 8 hours.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Say: I dropped my tablet under the bed.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

अभ्यास करने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

संबंधित सामग्री

health के और शब्द

しばらく

B1

कुछ समय के लिए, थोड़ी देर के लिए।

異変がある

B1

असामान्य परिवर्तन या विकृति है। कुछ ठीक नहीं है। (असामान्य स्थिति मौजूद है।)

異常な

B1

असामान्य; असाधारण। यह उस चीज़ का वर्णन करता है जो सामान्य से अलग है।

擦り傷

B1

त्वचा पर एक खरोंच या रगड़। यह आमतौर पर किसी खुरदरी सतह से टकराने या गिरने के कारण होती है।

吸収する

B1

स्पंज पानी सोख लेता है।

禁酒

B1

शराब से परहेज। 'डॉक्टर ने उसे शराब छोड़ने (kinshu) की सलाह दी।'

痛む

A2

to hurt; to ache

鍼灸

B1

एक्यूपंक्चर और मोक्सीबस्टन पारंपरिक जापानी उपचार पद्धतियां हैं।

急性的

B1

इसका अर्थ है 'तीव्र' या 'अचानक'। यह किसी बीमारी या संकट के लिए उपयोग होता है जो अचानक और तीव्रता से होता है।

急性な

B1

Acute

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