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A1 noun #2,962 सबसे आम 7 मिनट पढ़ने का समय

移行

ikō
इसका अभ्यास करें उदाहरण नोट्स और सुझाव 移行 30 सेकंड में
व्याख्या 移行 in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to use '移行' (ikou) in complex sentences. You will mostly see it when using your phone or computer. Think of it as 'moving things from an old place to a new place' inside a computer. For example, when you get a new iPhone, you 'ikou' your photos. It is a formal way to say 'move.' You might see the button '移行する' on an app. Just remember: Ikou = Move (for data or systems). It is like moving your toys from one box to another, but for digital things. You use the particle 'ni' for the destination. 'New phone NI ikou suru.' (Move to the new phone). It's a useful word for technology basics.
At the A2 level, you can start using '移行' to describe simple changes in your routine or environment. For example, if your class moves from 'Room A' to 'Room B' for the rest of the semester, that is a transition. Or, if you stop using a notebook and start using a tablet for school, you are 'transitioning' to a tablet. You can use the pattern 'A kara B e ikou suru' (Transition from A to B). It sounds more professional than just saying 'change.' You might also hear it at a part-time job if the manager changes the way you clock in. 'New system ni ikou shimasu' (We are moving to a new system).
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
At the B1 level, '移行' becomes a key word for discussing work and social changes. You should be able to use it to describe project phases. For example, 'The project is moving from the planning phase to the action phase.' In Japanese: 'Keikaku dankai kara jikkou dankai ni ikou suru.' You will also see it in news articles about the economy or technology. It is often used as a noun: 'Ikou kikan' (transition period). This is very common when laws change. You should understand that 'ikou' implies a planned, step-by-step process, not a sudden accident. It is a 'managed change.'
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
At the B2 level, you should use '移行' to discuss abstract concepts and systemic shifts. You might talk about 'datsutan-so shakai e no ikou' (transition to a decarbonized society). Here, it isn't just about data; it's about a whole society changing its structure. You should be able to distinguish 'ikou' from 'tenkan' (a turn in direction) and 'henkou' (a simple change). B2 learners should also be comfortable with formal compounds like '移行措置' (transitional measures) which are temporary rules put in place while a big change is happening. It is a staple word for business presentations and academic writing.
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
At the C1 level, '移行' is used with high precision in legal, political, and philosophical contexts. You might analyze the 'transition to democracy' (minshuka e no ikou) or the 'transition of power' (kenryoku no ikou). You should understand the nuance that 'ikou' suggests a continuity of existence through a change of form. It is also used in technical fields like psychology (transitional objects) or physics (phase transitions). At this level, you should be able to use the word to describe the subtle shifts in a narrative or the transition between different logical points in a complex argument.
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
At the C2 level, '移行' is a tool for nuanced expression of systemic evolution. You can use it to describe the ontological transition of a concept over time or the seamless migration of complex cloud architectures in a global enterprise. You will recognize it in classical literature or high-level editorials discussing the 'transition of the eras' (jidai no ikou). You can masterfully use it in the passive voice or within complex relative clauses to describe how systems are 'being transitioned' (ikou sarete-iru) by external forces. It represents a complete mastery of the concept of 'becoming' through structural replacement.
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
इसका अभ्यास करें उदाहरण नोट्स और सुझाव

移行 30 सेकंड में

  • 移行 (ikou) means transition or migration, used for systems, data, and organizational phases.
  • It is a formal suru-verb (移行する) and is common in IT and business contexts.
  • Unlike 'idou' (physical move), 'ikou' implies a change in the underlying structure or state.
  • Key phrases include 'ikou kikan' (transition period) and 'dēta ikou' (data migration).

The Japanese word 移行 (いこう - ikou) is a formal and technical term that primarily translates to 'transition,' 'migration,' or 'switchover.' At its core, it describes the deliberate process of moving from one state, system, stage, or condition to another. Unlike simple movement (移動 - idou), 移行 implies a structural or systemic change where the old is replaced by the new. This word is ubiquitous in modern Japanese, particularly in the realms of technology, business, and government policy. For instance, when you buy a new smartphone and move your photos and contacts from the old device to the new one, you are performing a データ移行 (dēta ikou) or data migration. In a business context, if a company decides to stop using paper files and starts using a digital database, they are undergoing a デジタル移行.

Systemic Change
Refers to moving from an old software version to a new one (e.g., Windows 10 to Windows 11).
Phase Transition
Moving from a planning stage to an execution stage in a project.
Physical Migration
Less common for people moving houses, but common for 'migrating' services to a new location.

新しいシステムへの移行は来月から始まります。(The transition to the new system will begin next month.)

The kanji breakdown provides deep insight: 移 (i) means to shift, move, or infect, while 行 (kou) means to go, conduct, or perform. Together, they suggest 'conducting a shift.' This is why the word feels more 'active' and 'planned' than words like henka (change). It suggests a bridge being crossed. In linguistic terms, it is a suru-verb, meaning you can add suru to make it 'to transition' (移行する). In daily life, you might see this on your computer screen during an update: 'データを移行しています' (Migrating data...).

政府は新制度への移行期間を設けた。(The government established a transition period for the new system.)

アナログ放送からデジタル放送への移行。(The migration from analog to digital broadcasting.)

スマホの機種変更で、アプリの移行に失敗した。(I failed to migrate my apps when I changed my smartphone model.)

計画は実行段階へ移行した。(The plan transitioned to the execution stage.)

Usage in IT
Cloud migration, database migration, and OS upgrades.
Usage in Politics
Transition of power or moving to a market economy.

Using 移行 (ikou) correctly requires understanding its role as both a noun and a suru-verb. In its noun form, it is often paired with particles like への (he no) to indicate the target of the transition. For example, '新システムへの移行' (Transition to the new system). When used as a verb, 移行する (ikou suru), it usually takes the particle に (ni) or へ (he) to show the destination. It is a formal word, so it is rarely used for trivial movements like moving a chair across a room. Instead, use it for significant shifts in state.

Grammar Pattern 1
[A] から [B] へ 移行する (Transition from A to B)
Grammar Pattern 2
[System] を 移行する (Migrate [a system])
Grammar Pattern 3
[State] に 移行する (Shift into [a state])

In business emails, you will often see the phrase 移行作業 (ikou sagyou), which refers to the 'migration work' or the actual tasks involved in the switchover. If you are a developer, you might talk about マイグレーション (maigurēshon), which is the katakana version of the same concept, but 移行 remains the standard Japanese term used in official documentation and general communication. It is also important to note the concept of a 移行期間 (ikou kikan)—a transition period. This is the time during which both the old and new systems might be running simultaneously to ensure a smooth handoff.

来週、サーバーの移行を行います。(We will perform the server migration next week.)

Another nuance is its use in psychology or development, describing a child moving from one developmental stage to another. However, its most common 'everyday' use for non-experts is definitely regarding technology. If you lose your LINE chat history because you didn't 'migrate' it properly, you are experiencing an 移行ミス (ikou misu). Remember, 移行 is about the process. If you just want to say something changed, use kawaru. If you want to say the process of changing the underlying structure is happening, use ikou.

You will encounter 移行 (ikou) in several specific environments. The most common is the IT and Tech sector. Whenever an app updates its terms of service or a platform moves to a new infrastructure, users receive notifications about 移行. For example, 'サービス移行のお知らせ' (Notice of service migration). You will also hear it frequently in News and Economics. News anchors might discuss a country's '移行経済' (transition economy) or the '移行期' (transitional period) following an election.

At the Office
'We are transitioning to a paperless office' (ペーパーレス化への移行).
In School
'Transitioning from middle school to high school curriculum' (高校カリキュラムへの移行).

In Retail, you might hear it when a store changes its point system or loyalty program. '旧ポイントカードから新アプリへの移行をお願いします' (Please migrate from the old point card to the new app). In Science, it describes phase transitions, such as a substance moving from a liquid to a gas state, though '相転移' (sou-ten'i) is more technical for physics. However, for general 'moving to the next phase' of an experiment, 移行 is perfectly acceptable. It carries a tone of professionalism and orderliness.

このプロジェクトは、テスト段階から本番環境への移行フェーズに入りました。(This project has entered the migration phase from testing to the production environment.)

Finally, in Government announcements, 移行 is used for policy shifts. When Japan changed its COVID-19 classification to 'Category 5,' the media constantly used the word 移行 to describe the process of moving to this new legal status. This highlights that 移行 isn't just about things; it's about rules, categories, and systems of thought.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing 移行 (ikou) with 移動 (idou). While both involve 'moving,' idou is for physical movement of objects or people from point A to point B (e.g., moving a chair, traveling to Tokyo). Ikou is for moving systems, states, or phases. You wouldn't say 'I am 移行-ing to the kitchen'; you would say 'I am 移動-ing.' Conversely, you wouldn't usually say 'I am 移動-ing my bank account to a new branch' in a technical sense; you would 移行 the data or iten (transfer) the account.

Mistake: Using it for physical travel
Incorrect: 公園に移行する (Transitioning to the park). Correct: 公園に移動する.
Mistake: Confusing with 'Henka' (Change)
Henka is a general change in appearance or quality. Ikou is the process of switching from one setup to another.

Another common error is the particle usage. Learners often forget that 移行 is a suru-verb and try to use it with wo when it should be ni. For example, 'State A ni 移行する' is the standard way to say 'transition to State A.' If you use wo, you are usually talking about the thing being moved (e.g., 'データを移行する' - migrating data). Be careful not to confuse 移行 (ikou) with 意向 (ikou), which is pronounced exactly the same way but means 'intention' or 'inclination.' Context is key: if you are talking about a system, it's 'transition'; if you are talking about what someone wants to do, it's 'intention.'

× 彼は新しい家に移行した。 (He transitioned to a new house - Sounds like he became a house.)
○ 彼は新しい家に引っ越した。 (He moved to a new house.)

Understanding the synonyms of 移行 (ikou) helps clarify its specific boundaries. The most closely related word is 転換 (tenkan), which means 'conversion' or 'diversion.' While 移行 is a smooth transition, 転換 often implies a sharp turn or a change in direction (e.g., 'a change in policy' - 政策転換). Another similar word is 変更 (henkou), which simply means 'change' or 'modification.' 移行 is more about the movement between two systems, while 変更 is about altering an existing one.

移動 (Idou)
Physical movement of people or things.
移管 (Ikan)
Transfer of control or jurisdiction (e.g., moving a project from one department to another).
推移 (Suii)
Changes over time, like trends or transitions in data (e.g., population trends).

Then there is 変遷 (hensen), which refers to the 'vicissitudes' or the way things change over a long period of history. You would use hensen to describe how the Japanese language has changed over 1,000 years, but you would use ikou to describe the specific month-long process of switching from the old writing system to the new one. Finally, 乗り換え (norikae) is used for 'switching' things like trains or mobile phone carriers. While 移行 is the technical process of moving the data, norikae is the act of the consumer switching the service provider.

移行 vs 移管: Ikou is the process/state change; Ikan is the transfer of responsibility.

How Formal Is It?

कठिनाई स्तर

पठन 3/5

ज़रूरी व्याकरण

〜から〜へ (From... to...)

〜に伴い (Along with...)

〜段階 (Stage of...)

〜措置 (Measures for...)

〜化 (Suffix for -ization)

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण

1

新しいスマホにデータを移行します。

I will move data to the new smartphone.

Noun + ni + ikou suru (Move to...)

2

アプリの移行は簡単です。

Migrating the app is easy.

Noun + no + ikou (Migration of...)

3

写真を移行してください。

Please migrate the photos.

Object + wo + ikou shite kudasai

4

移行が終わりました。

The migration has finished.

Subject + ga + owaru

5

古いパソコンから移行します。

I will migrate from the old PC.

Kara (from) + ikou suru

6

移行ボタンはどこですか？

Where is the migration button?

Noun + wa + doko desu ka?

7

データを移行しています。

I am migrating data.

Te-iru form (Present continuous)

8

移行に時間がかかります。

The migration takes time.

Ni + jikan ga kakaru

1

来月から新しいシステムに移行します。

We will transition to the new system from next month.

Time + kara + ni + ikou suru

2

このノートからタブレットへ移行したいです。

I want to transition from this notebook to a tablet.

Kara... he (from... to)

3

移行のやり方を教えてください。

Please tell me how to do the migration.

Noun + no + yarikata (Way of doing...)

4

メールの移行に失敗しました。

I failed the email migration.

Ni + shippai suru (Fail in...)

5

会社はデジタル移行を進めています。

The company is promoting digital transition.

Object + wo + susumete-iru

6

移行期間は一週間です。

The transition period is one week.

Ikou kikan (Transition period)

7

前の設定を移行できますか？

Can I migrate the previous settings?

Object + wo + ikou dekiru

8

移行の準備をしましょう。

Let's prepare for the migration.

Ikou no junbi (Preparation for migration)

1

計画は実行段階へと移行した。

The plan transitioned to the execution stage.

Dankai (stage) + ni + ikou shita

2

円滑な移行のためにマニュアルを読む。

Read the manual for a smooth transition.

Enkatsu-na (smooth) + ikou

3

サーバー移行の作業は深夜に行われます。

The server migration work will be done late at night.

Ikou sagyou (migration work)

4

新しい料金プランへの移行を検討する。

Consider transitioning to a new price plan.

Ikou wo kentou suru (Consider transition)

5

手書きからパソコン入力へ移行した。

Transitioned from handwriting to PC input.

Kara... he (from... to)

6

システムの移行に伴い、サービスを停止します。

Services will be suspended due to system migration.

Ni tomonai (Along with/due to)

7

データの移行先を確認してください。

Please confirm the migration destination of the data.

Ikou-saki (Destination of migration)

8

段階的に移行を進める方針です。

The policy is to proceed with the transition in stages.

Dankaiteki-ni (Step-by-step)

1

市場経済への移行には多くの困難が伴う。

The transition to a market economy involves many difficulties.

Noun + ni wa + ... ga tomonau

2

旧体制から新体制への移行が完了した。

The transition from the old regime to the new regime is complete.

Kanryou suru (To be completed)

3

環境負荷の低いエネルギー源への移行が急務だ。

Transitioning to low-environmental-impact energy sources is urgent.

Kyuumu da (Is an urgent task)

4

移行措置として、旧法も一定期間適用される。

As a transitional measure, the old law will also apply for a certain period.

Ikou sochi (Transitional measure)

5

組織の移行期におけるリーダーシップが重要だ。

Leadership during an organization's transition period is important.

Ikou-ki (Transition period/phase)

6

クラウドへの移行によりコスト削減を実現した。

Achieved cost reduction by migrating to the cloud.

Ni yori (By means of/due to)

7

業務をアウトソーシングへ移行することを決定した。

Decided to transition operations to outsourcing.

Koto wo kettei suru (Decide to...)

8

移行プロセスを自動化することでミスを防ぐ。

Prevent mistakes by automating the migration process.

Koto de (By doing...)

1

独裁政治から民主主義への移行は容易ではない。

The transition from dictatorship to democracy is not easy.

Noun + kara + Noun + he no ikou

2

資本主義の高度化に伴い、サービス経済へ移行した。

With the advancement of capitalism, it transitioned to a service economy.

Koudoka (advancement/sophistication)

3

この物質は極低温で超伝導状態に移行する。

This substance transitions to a superconducting state at cryogenic temperatures.

Joutai ni ikou suru (Transition to a state)

4

移行期の混乱を最小限に抑える必要がある。

It is necessary to minimize the confusion of the transition period.

Saishingen ni osaeru (Keep to a minimum)

5

法改正に伴う移行期間の延長が議論されている。

Extension of the transition period following the law amendment is being discussed.

Enchou (extension)

6

伝統的な価値観から近代的なそれへの移行が見られる。

A transition from traditional values to modern ones is observed.

Sore (referring back to values)

7

プロジェクトは最終的な移行判定会議を迎えた。

The project reached the final migration decision meeting.

Ikou hantei kaigi (Migration decision meeting)

8

パラダイムの移行が科学の進歩を加速させた。

The paradigm shift (transition) accelerated scientific progress.

Kasoku saseta (Accelerated - causative)

1

現行の法制度から新制度への円滑な移行を確実にするための、包括的な移行措置が講じられた。

Comprehensive transitional measures were taken to ensure a smooth transition from the current legal system to the new one.

Kouhatsuteki (comprehensive), koujirareta (were taken/implemented)

2

社会構造の抜本的な移行は、文化的なアイデンティティの再定義を迫る。

A radical transition of social structure forces a redefinition of cultural identity.

Bapponteki (radical/drastic), semaru (to press/force)

3

意識の移行という主観的な現象を、客観的に測定する試みがなされている。

Attempts are being made to objectively measure the subjective phenomenon of the transition of consciousness.

Shukanteki (subjective), kyukkanteki (objective)

4

グローバル経済は、化石燃料依存から再生可能エネルギーへの不可逆的な移行の最中にある。

The global economy is in the midst of an irreversible transition from fossil fuel dependence to renewable energy.

Fukagyakuteki (irreversible), saichuu (in the midst of)

5

権力の移行が平和裏に行われることは、民主国家の成熟度を示す指標である。

The peaceful transition of power is an indicator of the maturity of a democratic nation.

Heiwari-ni (peacefully), shihyou (indicator)

6

デジタル・トランスフォーメーションは、単なる技術の導入ではなく、組織文化そのものの移行を意味する。

Digital transformation is not just the introduction of technology, but signifies the transition of the organizational culture itself.

Tannaru (mere), ...wo imi suru (signifies...)

7

その哲学者は、生命の終わりを無への移行ではなく、新たな存在形式への移行と捉えた。

The philosopher viewed the end of life not as a transition to nothingness, but as a transition to a new form of existence.

Toraeta (viewed/perceived)

8

移行期における法的な空白を埋めるために、暫定的なガイドラインが策定された。

Provisional guidelines were formulated to fill the legal vacuum during the transition period.

Zanteteki (provisional), sakutei sareta (formulated)

समानार्थी शब्द

移り変わり 転換 変更 シフト 推移

विलोम शब्द

維持 停滞 固定

सामान्य शब्द संयोजन

システムを移行する
新体制に移行する
データを移行する
円滑な移行
移行期間を設ける
段階的な移行
移行作業を進める
クラウドへの移行
移行に伴う混乱
移行措置を講じる

सामान्य वाक्यांश

データ移行 (Data migration)
移行期間 (Transition period)
移行作業 (Migration work)
移行完了 (Migration complete)
移行計画 (Migration plan)
移行先 (Migration destination)
移行元 (Migration source)
移行ツール (Migration tool)
移行判定 (Migration decision)
移行エラー (Migration error)

अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है

移行 vs 意向 (ikou)

移行 vs 移動 (idou)

移行 vs 移管 (ikan)

मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ

"移行の途上にある (To be in the middle of a transition)"
"新旧の移行 (Transition between old and new)"
"スムーズな移行 (Smooth transition)"
"全面的な移行 (Full-scale transition)"
"暫定的な移行 (Provisional transition)"
"不可逆的な移行 (Irreversible transition)"
"急速な移行 (Rapid transition)"
"緩やかな移行 (Gradual transition)"
"強制的な移行 (Forced transition)"
"自発的な移行 (Voluntary transition)"

आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले

移行 vs 変遷

移行 vs 推移

移行 vs 転換

移行 vs 変更

移行 vs 交代

वाक्य संरचनाएँ

सभी उदाहरण देखने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें

nuance

Ikou implies a 'replacement' of the old by the new.

frequency

Very high in professional and technical Japanese.

सामान्य गलतियाँ
  • Using 移行 for physical travel (e.g., going to the store).
  • Confusing the pronunciation with 意向 (intention).
  • Using the particle 'wo' instead of 'ni' for the destination.
  • Using it for small, unplanned changes.
  • Forgetting that it is a suru-verb.

सुझाव

Tech Tip

When you see '移行' on your phone, it means it's time to move your data. Always back up before you start an 'ikou' process. It usually involves a source and a destination. Many apps have an 'ikou' menu.

Verb Usage

Remember that 移行 is a suru-verb. You can say 'ikou suru' for 'to transition.' It can also be used as a noun with 'no.' For example, 'ikou no junbi' (preparation for transition). It is very versatile.

Nuance

Think of 移行 as 'Version 1.0 to Version 2.0.' It’s not just moving; it’s upgrading or evolving. This helps you choose it over 'idou.' It implies a higher level of organization.

Business Context

In meetings, use 'ikou' to sound professional when discussing project phases. 'Phase 1 kara Phase 2 ni ikou shimasu.' This sounds much better than 'Phase 2 ni narimasu.' It shows you are managing the process.

Kanji Help

The first kanji 移 is also in 'utsuru' (to move). The second 行 is 'iku' (to go). If you remember 'Move-Go,' you'll remember 'Transition.' It's a very logical kanji combination.

News Context

When the government changes a law, look for the word '移行措置' (ikou sochi). These are the temporary rules. Understanding this will help you navigate Japanese bureaucracy. It's essential for long-term residents.

Email Tip

When announcing a system change to clients, use '移行のご案内' (Notice of Transition). It is the standard polite way to inform people of a switchover. It sets a professional tone immediately.

Audio Cue

In announcements, 'ikou' is often followed by 'owaru' (finish) or 'susumeru' (proceed). Listen for these pairings. They tell you the status of the change. It helps in fast-paced environments.

Japan Specific

Japan is currently in a big 'ikou' from paper to digital. You will see this word everywhere in city halls and banks. It's a key word for modern Japan. It represents the country's digital transformation.

Exam Prep

For JLPT N2 and N3, '移行' is a common vocabulary item. Practice it with 'system' and 'period.' It often appears in the reading section. Focus on the 'ikou kikan' collocation.

याद करें

शब्द की उत्पत्ति

सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ

Data migration is a major service offered by Japanese mobile carriers (Docomo, AU, Softbank).

In Japanese business, a 'smooth transition' (enkatsu na ikou) is highly valued to avoid bothering clients.

असल ज़िंदगी में अभ्यास करें

वास्तविक संदर्भ

बातचीत की शुरुआत

"新しいOSに移行しましたか？"

"会社でテレワークへの移行は進んでいますか？"

"データの移行で困ったことはありますか？"

"アナログからデジタルへの移行についてどう思いますか？"

"このプロジェクトはいつ次の段階に移行しますか？"

डायरी विषय

最近、新しく移行した習慣はありますか？

スマホを買い替えた時の移行作業について書いてください。

社会がキャッシュレスに移行することのメリットは何ですか？

子供から大人への移行期に感じたことを書いてください。

仕事でシステム移行を経験したことがありますか？

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल

10 सवाल

No, for moving houses, use '引っ越し' (hikkoshi). 移行 is for systems or states. Using it for a house would sound like you are transforming into a house.

Only in very specific contexts, like 'transitioning to a new role' in a formal business sense. For physical movement, use '移動' (idou).

It is 'データ移行' (dēta ikou). You will see this often in smartphone settings or app instructions.

変更 (henkou) is just 'change' (e.g., changing a password). 移行 (ikou) is 'transition' (e.g., moving from an old password system to a new biometric system).

It is '移行期間' (ikou kikan). This is a very common phrase in news and business.

Yes, it is quite formal. In casual conversation, people might just say 'utsusu' (to move/transfer) or 'kaeru' (to change).

Yes, it is used for 'phase transitions' (though '相転移' is more specific) and moving between experimental stages.

Usually 'ni' or 'he' to indicate the destination of the transition. 'A ni ikou suru' (Transition to A).

The act of switching is '乗り換え' (norikae), but the process of moving your data to the new carrier's system is '移行' (ikou).

No, bird migration is '渡り' (watari) or '移動' (idou). 移行 is for systems and states.

सुझाव और नोट्स के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

खुद को परखो 180 सवाल

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

अभ्यास करने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

संबंधित सामग्री

Other के और शब्द

事故

A1

एक अप्रत्याशित और आमतौर पर अप्रिय घटना जिसके परिणामस्वरूप क्षति या चोट लगती है। इसका उपयोग अक्सर यातायात दुर्घटनाओं के लिए किया जाता है।

根拠

B2

उन आधारों, आधार या साक्ष्यों को संदर्भित करता है जिन पर कोई निर्णय, कथन या कार्य स्थापित किया जाता है। इसका उपयोग उस अंतर्निहित औचित्य या तार्किक आधार का वर्णन करने के लिए किया जाता है जो किसी दावे या सिद्धांत का समर्थन करता है।

変化

A1

एक संज्ञा जो अलग होने की प्रक्रिया या स्थिति, उपस्थिति या स्थिति में परिवर्तन को संदर्भित करती है।

衝突

A1

एक भौतिक टक्कर या दुर्घटना। इसका अर्थ विचारों या समय-सारिणी का टकराव भी है।

比較

B1

समानताओं और अंतरों की पहचान करने के लिए दो या दो से अधिक चीजों की जांच करने का कार्य।

結論

B2

चर्चा या तर्क के बाद निकाला गया अंतिम निर्णय या निष्कर्ष।

考慮

A1

विचार (Kōryo) का अर्थ है निर्णय लेने से पहले विभिन्न कारकों पर गहराई से सोचना।

転換

A1

दिशा या स्थिति में एक महत्वपूर्ण परिवर्तन। 'मूड बदलने (気分転換) के लिए संगीत सुनें।'

危機

A1

संकट या नाजुक स्थिति। एक ऐसा मोड़ जहाँ चीजें बहुत खराब हो सकती हैं।

基準

A1

एक मानक, मानदंड या बेंचमार्क जिसका उपयोग निर्णय के आधार के रूप में किया जाता है। यह उत्पाद सुरक्षा मानकों को पूरा करता है।

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