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B1 verb 12 मिनट पढ़ने का समय

infetar

उदाहरण
व्याख्या infetar in your Level:
At the A1 level, you likely won't use the word 'infetar' very often, as your focus is on basic needs and simple greetings. However, it is a good word to recognize in very simple contexts, like when a doctor says 'Não podes infetar os outros' (You can't infect others). At this stage, you should just understand that it means 'to make someone sick' or 'to spread a germ'. You don't need to worry about complex grammar or metaphorical uses. Just focus on the basic idea of illness and health. Think of it as a 'danger' word that you might see on a sign or hear in a simple health warning. It is enough to know that it is a verb that ends in -ar, like 'falar' or 'cantar', so it follows the most common pattern in Portuguese. You might also see it in very basic computer safety tips, like 'Cuidado com os vírus'. Even at this beginner level, knowing a few 'power words' related to health can be very useful for basic survival communication. Remember, the goal at A1 is to understand the most literal and direct meaning of the word in a medical or hygiene context.
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
As an A2 learner, you are starting to build more complex sentences and discuss daily routines and health. You might use 'infetar' when talking about a cold or why you missed class. For example, 'Fiquei em casa para não infetar os meus colegas' (I stayed home to not infect my colleagues). You should be able to conjugate it in the present tense (eu infeto, tu infetas) and perhaps the simple past (eu infetei). You are also becoming more aware of the difference between European and Brazilian Portuguese spelling. At this level, you can start to distinguish between 'infetar' (the action) and 'doente' (the state of being sick). You might also encounter the word in simple news headlines about the flu season. The focus at A2 is on practical, everyday usage. You are beginning to move beyond just survival phrases into describing cause and effect—for example, 'Se não lavares as mãos, podes infetar a comida'. This level of communication shows that you can handle basic health topics with some level of accuracy and clarity, which is a significant step forward in your language journey.
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
At the B1 level, 'infetar' becomes a more versatile part of your vocabulary. You can now use it in more abstract or technical ways. You might describe how a computer virus 'infetou' your laptop or how a negative rumor 'infetou' the atmosphere at work. You should be comfortable using it in various tenses, including the conditional (poderia infetar) and the subjunctive (espero que não infete). This is the level where you start to understand the metaphorical power of the word. You can discuss social issues or office dynamics using 'infetar' to describe the spread of bad influences. You also begin to see the difference between 'infetar' and 'contaminar' more clearly. Your ability to use the word in different contexts—medical, digital, and metaphorical—is a hallmark of the B1 level. You can follow news reports about public health with greater ease and participate in discussions about technology and security. This word helps you express more nuanced ideas about how problems spread and the importance of prevention, showing a solid intermediate grasp of the language.
At the B2 level, you use 'infetar' with high precision and confidence. You understand the subtle differences between 'infetar', 'contaminar', and 'contagiar'. You can use the passive voice naturally, as in 'Milhares de pessoas foram infetadas pelo novo vírus', and you can handle more complex grammatical structures. You are likely to encounter this word in academic texts, professional reports, or more sophisticated literature. At this stage, you can engage in detailed debates about public health policy or cybersecurity, using 'infetar' to describe complex processes of transmission and contamination. You are also aware of the historical and social connotations of the word, perhaps recognizing it in classical Portuguese literature where it might be used to describe moral decay. Your vocabulary is rich enough that you can choose 'infetar' over simpler words like 'pegar' or 'passar' when the situation calls for a more formal or technical tone. This level of proficiency allows you to use the word not just for basic communication, but as a tool for precise and effective expression in both spoken and written Portuguese.
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
As a C1 learner, you have a near-native understanding of 'infetar'. You can use it in highly specialized contexts, such as medical research, legal arguments, or philosophical discussions. You appreciate the rhetorical weight of the word and can use it to create powerful imagery in your writing. For instance, you might write about how 'a desinformação infeta o tecido social', showing a deep understanding of metaphorical extension. You are also fully aware of the linguistic history of the word, including the orthographic changes that led to the current spelling in Portugal. You can switch between formal and informal registers effortlessly, knowing when to use 'infetar' and when a more colloquial term like 'contagiar' might be more effective for emotional impact. Your use of the word is seamless, and you can identify and correct subtle errors in its usage by others. At this level, 'infetar' is not just a vocabulary word; it is a versatile instrument that you can play with precision to convey complex, multi-layered meanings in any professional or academic setting.
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
At the C2 level, your mastery of 'infetar' is complete. You understand every nuance, from its Latin roots (inficere) to its most modern digital applications. You can use the word in creative and unexpected ways, perhaps in poetry or high-level academic discourse, to describe the permeation of ideas or the corruption of systems. You are sensitive to the rhythmic and stylistic qualities of the word within a sentence. You can discuss the word's evolution and its role in the Portuguese language with the authority of a native speaker or a linguist. You are comfortable using it in any regional variety of Portuguese, adjusting your spelling and pronunciation as needed for the audience. For you, 'infetar' is part of a vast, interconnected web of meaning that you navigate with ease. You can use it to explore the deepest themes of human existence—health, decay, influence, and survival—with a level of sophistication that reflects a profound connection to the Portuguese language and culture. Your proficiency is such that you can use the word to influence, persuade, and inspire others.
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
उदाहरण

The Portuguese verb infetar is a fundamental term that primarily describes the process of biological contamination. At its core, it refers to the invasion of a host organism's bodily tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to these organisms and the toxins they produce. However, its usage extends far beyond the walls of a hospital or a laboratory. In the modern era, infetar has become an essential word in the digital lexicon, describing how malicious software or viruses spread through computer systems and networks. Understanding this word requires looking at it through three distinct lenses: the medical, the technological, and the metaphorical.

Medical Context
This is the most common usage, referring to bacteria, viruses, or fungi entering a wound or the respiratory system. For example, a doctor might warn that an open cut could easily become infected if not cleaned properly.

É fundamental lavar a ferida para não a infetar.

Digital Context
In the world of IT, this verb describes the action of malware. A single malicious email can compromise an entire corporate network, spreading like a biological pathogen.

Metaphorically, infetar is used to describe the spread of ideas, emotions, or corruption. One might say that a pessimistic attitude can infect an entire team, or that corruption has infected the political system. This usage highlights the pervasive and often negative nature of the thing being spread. It implies a loss of purity or health in a system that was previously functioning well. When using this word, speakers often convey a sense of urgency or a need for intervention, whether that be medical treatment, an antivirus scan, or social reform. The word carries a heavy weight of responsibility and consequence.

A corrupção começou a infetar as instituições públicas.

Social Dynamics
The word can describe how a bad mood or a toxic habit moves from one person to another within a group setting.

In summary, infetar is a versatile verb that bridges the gap between biology and daily life. Whether you are discussing a seasonal flu, a computer virus, or a toxic social environment, this word provides the necessary linguistic tool to describe the spread of something harmful. Its correct use demonstrates a B1 level of proficiency, showing that the speaker can handle abstract concepts and technical descriptions with relative ease. It is a word that demands attention and usually signals that a problem needs to be addressed immediately to prevent further damage.

O vírus informático conseguiu infetar todos os computadores da rede.

Não deixes que o desânimo venha infetar o teu espírito de equipa.

Using infetar correctly involves understanding its transitivity and the typical subjects and objects it takes. As a transitive verb, it usually requires a direct object—the thing or person being contaminated. However, it can also appear in reflexive forms or passive constructions, which are very common in medical reporting and news. When you are constructing a sentence, think about the 'agent' (the virus, the bacteria, the bad idea) and the 'patient' (the body, the computer, the mind). The agent 'infeta' the patient. This structural clarity is vital for clear communication in Portuguese.

Direct Action
The most straightforward use is 'Subject + infetar + Object'. For example: 'A bactéria infetou o sangue' (The bacteria infected the blood).

A água contaminada pode infetar centenas de pessoas rapidamente.

Passive Voice
In formal or scientific writing, the passive voice is common: 'O paciente foi infetado por um vírus raro' (The patient was infected by a rare virus).

Furthermore, the verb can be used in the infinitive after modal verbs like 'pode' (can), 'deve' (must), or 'vai' (going to). This is helpful when discussing risks or future possibilities. For instance, 'Se não usares máscara, podes infetar os outros' (If you don't wear a mask, you can infect others). This highlights the causative nature of the verb—the action leads to a state of infection. In Portuguese, the distinction between 'infetar' (the action) and 'estar infetado' (the state) is crucial for grammatical accuracy. You use 'infetar' to describe the process of the illness taking hold.

O técnico explicou como o malware conseguiu infetar o servidor principal.

Metaphorical Application
Use 'infetar' to describe the spread of negativity: 'O seu pessimismo começou a infetar a nossa motivação'.

Finally, consider the nuances of 'infetar' versus 'contaminar'. While 'infetar' specifically implies the presence and growth of a pathogen inside a living host or system, 'contaminar' is broader and can refer to polluting the environment or making something impure. You 'infetar' a person with a virus, but you 'contaminar' a river with chemicals. Mastering these subtle differences will make your Portuguese sound much more natural and precise. Practice by writing sentences that involve different 'vectors' of infection, from mosquitoes to USB drives, to see how the verb adapts to various contexts.

Cuidado para não infetar a zona esterilizada com as mãos sujas.

O medo pode infetar uma população inteira em tempos de crise.

You will encounter the word infetar in a variety of real-world settings. In the news, particularly during health crises or pandemics, it is a high-frequency word. Journalists use it to report on transmission rates, the spread of new variants, and public health warnings. If you watch Portuguese television news (like RTP, SIC, or TVI), you will hear phrases like 'o vírus continua a infetar milhares' (the virus continues to infect thousands). It is also common in medical dramas or documentaries where health professionals discuss patient cases and the pathology of diseases. This formal and semi-formal context is where the word is most precisely defined.

News Media
Used to describe the spread of diseases or cyber-attacks on government infrastructure.

As autoridades temem que a nova estirpe possa infetar os vacinados.

Workplace/Office
Often heard when discussing computer security or when a colleague is sick and doesn't want to spread their illness.

In a work environment, especially in the IT sector, infetar is used daily. System administrators warn employees about clicking suspicious links that could infect their workstations. Similarly, in a general office setting, someone might say 'Vou ficar em casa para não infetar ninguém' (I'm going to stay home so I don't infect anyone). This shows the word's transition from technical medical terminology to a common social consideration. It reflects a level of awareness about hygiene and public health that is deeply embedded in Portuguese culture. Hearing it in these contexts helps you understand the social norms surrounding health and technology.

O antivírus detetou um ficheiro que tentava infetar o sistema operativo.

Education/Science
In biology classes or science podcasts, explaining the mechanisms of how pathogens work.

Lastly, you'll find the word in literature and opinion pieces where it takes on its metaphorical weight. Authors use it to describe the 'infection' of society by greed, apathy, or hatred. In these high-level texts, infetar is a powerful rhetorical tool. It suggests that a problem is not just external but has penetrated the core of a person or society, growing from within. Whether you're reading a newspaper editorial or a classic Portuguese novel, look for how this word is used to evoke a sense of internal decay or uncontrollable spread. It is a word that bridges the physical and the conceptual with great impact.

A propaganda política foi desenhada para infetar a opinião pública com mentiras.

O médico explicou que o parasita pode infetar o hospedeiro sem apresentar sintomas.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with infetar is confusing it with the English word 'inflict'. While they sound somewhat similar, 'inflict' (infringir/causar) and 'infect' (infetar) have completely different meanings. Another common error is the spelling variation between European and Brazilian Portuguese. Students learning European Portuguese often mistakenly include the 'c' (infectar), which was removed in the 1990 Orthographic Agreement because it is not pronounced in Portugal. In Brazil, however, the 'c' is kept because it is often pronounced. Being consistent with the regional variety you are studying is key to sounding like a native speaker.

Spelling Confusion
Writing 'infectar' in a European Portuguese context or 'infetar' in a Brazilian one (though less common, it still happens).

Incorrect: O vírus vai infectar (in PT-PT) a rede. Correct: O vírus vai infetar a rede.

Confusing with 'Contaminar'
Using 'infetar' for environmental pollution. You don't 'infetar' a river; you 'contaminar' it.

Grammatically, learners sometimes struggle with the difference between the verb infetar and the noun infeção. You might hear a learner say 'Eu tenho uma infetar' instead of 'Eu tenho uma infeção' (I have an infection). It's important to use the verb for the action and the noun for the condition. Additionally, the preposition 'com' (with) is usually used when specifying the agent of infection: 'infetar com uma bactéria'. Using the wrong preposition or omitting it entirely can lead to confusion. Practice the phrase 'infetar alguém com algo' to solidify this pattern in your mind.

Ele foi infetado com o vírus da gripe, não por ele.

Misusing the Passive
Saying 'O vírus foi infetado' (The virus was infected) when you mean 'O vírus infetou o corpo'.

Finally, be careful with the reflexive form. While 'infetar-se' (to get oneself infected) is grammatically possible, it's rarely used because infection is usually seen as something that happens to you, not something you do to yourself intentionally. Instead, use the passive 'ser infetado' or 'apanhar uma infeção' (to catch an infection). Over-relying on reflexive pronouns can sometimes make your Portuguese sound forced or unnatural in this specific context. Focus on the most common patterns used by native speakers in news and medical settings to avoid these pitfalls.

É raro alguém infetar-se propositadamente com uma doença.

Não confunda infetar (to infect) com infligir (to inflict).

To truly master the concept of 'infection' in Portuguese, you should be familiar with a range of synonyms and related terms that offer different shades of meaning. While infetar is the standard term, other words might be more appropriate depending on the context. For example, 'contaminar' is a close synonym but has a broader application, often used for environmental or chemical pollution. 'Transmitir' (to transmit) is often used when focusing on the passage of a disease from one person to another, rather than the act of biological entry itself. Using a variety of terms will make your speech more precise and sophisticated.

Contaminar
Broader than 'infetar'. Used for water, air, soil, or making something impure. 'A fábrica contaminou o rio'.

A diferença entre infetar e contaminar é muitas vezes a presença de vida.

Transmitir
Focuses on the movement of the pathogen. 'O mosquito transmite a malária'.

Another interesting alternative is 'contagiar'. While 'infetar' is technical and clinical, 'contagiar' often carries a more emotional or social connotation. You 'contagiar' someone with your enthusiasm or laughter. It is almost always used for positive 'infections' or for diseases that spread through direct contact (contagious diseases). If you want to say that someone's happiness spread to the whole room, 'contagiar' is the perfect word. On the other hand, if you are discussing the actual biological process of a virus entering a cell, infetar remains the most accurate choice. Understanding these nuances allows you to navigate social and professional situations with ease.

O seu riso conseguiu contagiar todos os presentes na festa.

Propagar
Used for the spread of waves, sound, or news. 'As notícias propagam-se depressa'.

Finally, consider 'viciar'. While not a synonym for infection in a biological sense, it is used when a process or a data file becomes corrupted or 'infected' with errors. In legal or administrative contexts, a process can be 'viciado' (tainted/corrupted). This is a useful word to know if you are working in law or business. By comparing infetar with its neighbors—contaminar, contagiar, transmitir, and viciar—you build a mental map of how Portuguese speakers categorize different types of 'spread' and 'corruption'. This holistic view is essential for reaching an advanced level of fluency.

O vírus não se limita a infetar; ele destrói os dados permanentemente.

A água da chuva pode contaminar os poços se não houver saneamento.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण

1

O vírus pode infetar as pessoas.

The virus can infect people.

Simple present tense with the modal verb 'pode'.

2

Não quero infetar o meu amigo.

I don't want to infect my friend.

Infinitive form after 'querer'.

3

Lava as mãos para não infetar.

Wash your hands so you don't infect [anyone].

Imperative 'Lava' followed by a purpose clause.

4

O cão pode infetar o gato?

Can the dog infect the cat?

Simple question structure.

5

Cuidado para não infetar a ferida.

Be careful not to infect the wound.

Preposition 'para' followed by the infinitive.

6

O médico diz: 'Pode infetar'.

The doctor says: 'It can infect'.

Direct speech example.

7

A água suja pode infetar.

Dirty water can infect.

Subject-verb-adjective structure.

8

Eles não querem infetar ninguém.

They don't want to infect anyone.

Negative sentence with 'ninguém'.

1

Eu infetei o meu computador com um vírus.

I infected my computer with a virus.

Preterite tense of 'infetar'.

2

Se tu tossires, vais infetar os outros.

If you cough, you are going to infect others.

Future with 'ir' + infinitive.

3

Nós não infetámos ninguém na festa.

We didn't infect anyone at the party.

First person plural in the preterite.

4

Ela tem medo de infetar o bebé.

She is afraid of infecting the baby.

Verb phrase 'ter medo de' + infinitive.

5

O médico explicou como o vírus infeta o corpo.

The doctor explained how the virus infects the body.

Third person singular in the present tense.

6

Eles infetaram o sistema por acidente.

They infected the system by accident.

Third person plural in the preterite.

7

Como é que as bactérias infetam as feridas?

How do bacteria infect wounds?

Interrogative sentence with 'Como'.

8

Tu infetas sempre toda a gente com a tua alegria.

You always infect everyone with your joy.

Metaphorical use in the present tense.

1

O malware conseguiu infetar a rede da empresa.

The malware managed to infect the company's network.

Compound verb 'conseguiu infetar'.

2

Espero que esta atitude não infete o resto da equipa.

I hope this attitude doesn't infect the rest of the team.

Present subjunctive 'infete' after 'espero que'.

3

O paciente foi infetado por uma bactéria resistente.

The patient was infected by a resistant bacteria.

Passive voice construction 'foi infetado'.

4

Se não tivesses tido cuidado, terias infetado todos.

If you hadn't been careful, you would have infected everyone.

Conditional perfect tense.

5

É possível infetar o sistema através de uma pen USB.

It is possible to infect the system through a USB stick.

Impersonal expression 'É possível' + infinitive.

6

A corrupção pode infetar as instituições mais sólidas.

Corruption can infect the most solid institutions.

Metaphorical use with the modal 'pode'.

7

Eles temiam que o vírus pudesse infetar os animais.

They feared that the virus might infect the animals.

Imperfect subjunctive 'pudesse' after a verb of fear.

8

A ferida começou a infetar devido à falta de higiene.

The wound started to infect due to lack of hygiene.

Inchoative construction 'começou a infetar'.

1

A rapidez com que o vírus consegue infetar as células é assustadora.

The speed with which the virus can infect cells is frightening.

Relative clause 'com que' followed by 'consegue infetar'.

2

Duvido que o ficheiro consiga infetar o servidor protegido.

I doubt the file can infect the protected server.

Present subjunctive 'consiga infetar' after 'duvido que'.

3

Ao infetar o hospedeiro, o parasita altera o seu comportamento.

Upon infecting the host, the parasite alters its behavior.

Gerund-like use of 'Ao' + infinitive.

4

O pessimismo dele acabou por infetar todo o departamento.

His pessimism ended up infecting the whole department.

Idiomatic 'acabou por' + infinitive.

5

Várias estirpes novas têm o potencial de infetar os humanos.

Several new strains have the potential to infect humans.

Noun 'potencial' followed by 'de' + infinitive.

6

Não permitas que a raiva venha a infetar as tuas decisões.

Don't allow anger to come to infect your decisions.

Negative imperative followed by 'venha a' + infinitive.

7

O relatório detalha como o vírus infetou a base de dados.

The report details how the virus infected the database.

Indirect question structure.

8

Embora pareça limpo, o objeto pode infetar quem lhe tocar.

Although it looks clean, the object can infect whoever touches it.

Concessive clause 'Embora pareça' and future subjunctive 'tocar'.

1

A ideologia extremista começou a infetar o discurso político moderado.

Extremist ideology began to infect moderate political discourse.

Abstract metaphorical use in a formal context.

2

É imperativo impedir que o agente patogénico venha a infetar a população.

It is imperative to prevent the pathogen from infecting the population.

Formal impersonal expression followed by subjunctive.

3

A vulnerabilidade do sistema permitiu que o worm infetasse milhares de nós.

The system's vulnerability allowed the worm to infect thousands of nodes.

Imperfect subjunctive 'infetasse' after 'permitiu que'.

4

A melancolia daquela música parecia infetar o próprio ar da sala.

The melancholy of that song seemed to infect the very air of the room.

Poetic use of 'infetar' to describe atmosphere.

5

Caso o vírus venha a infetar o núcleo, os danos serão irreversíveis.

Should the virus infect the core, the damage will be irreversible.

Hypothetical 'Caso' + future subjunctive.

6

O autor argumenta que o cinismo pode infetar a alma de uma nação.

The author argues that cynicism can infect the soul of a nation.

Sophisticated abstract subject and object.

7

A facilidade com que estas mentiras infetam as redes sociais é alarmante.

The ease with which these lies infect social networks is alarming.

Relative clause with 'com que' and abstract subject.

8

Não se pode ignorar o risco de o vírus infetar novas espécies.

One cannot ignore the risk of the virus infecting new species.

Prepositional phrase 'de o vírus infetar' (personal infinitive).

1

A desconfiança mútua acabou por infetar irremediavelmente as negociações de paz.

Mutual distrust ended up irremediably infecting the peace negotiations.

Complex adverbial phrase 'acabou por infetar irremediavelmente'.

2

Subsiste o receio de que a variante possa infetar mesmo os indivíduos com imunidade híbrida.

The fear persists that the variant might infect even individuals with hybrid immunity.

Formal verb 'Subsiste' and complex medical terminology.

3

A corrupção sistémica logrou infetar as mais altas esferas do poder judicial.

Systemic corruption managed to infect the highest spheres of the judiciary.

Literary verb 'logrou' + infinitive and formal terminology.

4

Seria trágico se o ódio viesse a infetar as gerações vindouras.

It would be tragic if hatred were to infect future generations.

Conditional 'seria' and imperfect subjunctive 'viesse a infetar'.

5

A subtileza com que a propaganda infeta o subconsciente é o seu maior trunfo.

The subtlety with which propaganda infects the subconscious is its greatest asset.

Highly abstract and sophisticated sentence structure.

6

O patógeno evoluiu para infetar células epiteliais com uma eficácia sem precedentes.

The pathogen evolved to infect epithelial cells with unprecedented efficacy.

Technical scientific description with formal adjectives.

7

O niilismo contemporâneo ameaça infetar a própria base da nossa civilização.

Contemporary nihilism threatens to infect the very foundation of our civilization.

Philosophical subject and metaphorical usage.

8

Resta saber se a nova política conseguirá evitar que o descontentamento infete a ordem pública.

It remains to be seen if the new policy will manage to prevent discontent from infecting public order.

Formal expression 'Resta saber' and 'evitar que' + subjunctive.

सभी उदाहरण देखने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

संबंधित सामग्री

health के और शब्द

abaixar

A2

नीचे करना या झुकना। इसका उपयोग वॉल्यूम या कीमतों के लिए किया जाता है।

abdómen

B1

छाती और श्रोणि के बीच शरीर का वह भाग; पेट। (छाती और श्रोणि के बीच स्थित शरीर का वह भाग; पेट।)

abdômen

A2

पेट शरीर का वह हिस्सा है जिसमें पाचन अंग होते हैं। इसे वैज्ञानिक भाषा में एब्डोमेन कहा जाता है।

abortar

A2

गर्भावस्था को समाप्त करना या पहले से चल रही प्रक्रिया को रोकना। उदाहरण: 'मिशन को बीच में छोड़ना।'

abstinência

A2

मरीज वापसी के लक्षणों से पीड़ित है।

abstinente

A2

एक संयमी व्यक्ति स्वेच्छा से आनंद से दूर रहता है।

acalmar-se

A2

शांत हो जाना और कम उत्तेजित या शोर करना।

acamado

A2

मरीज अपने ऑपरेशन के बाद से बिस्तर पर पड़ा है।

acaso

A2

Acaso का अर्थ है 'संयोग से' या 'शायद'। यह कुछ ऐसा बताता है जो अप्रत्याशित रूप से होता है या एक संभावना प्रस्तुत करता है।

acidentar

A2

कल उसने राजमार्ग पर एक दुर्घटना का सामना किया।

क्या यह मददगार था?

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