擦伤 30秒で
- 擦伤 (cāshāng) means a graze or scrape, typically a superficial skin injury caused by friction against a rough surface like concrete or gravel.
- It combines 擦 (to rub/wipe) and 伤 (wound). It functions as both a verb ('to graze') and a noun ('a graze').
- Commonly used in sports, childhood accidents, and minor mishaps. It is less serious than a cut (割伤) or a deep scratch (划伤).
- Grammatically, it often uses the particle '了' (le) or the passive '被' (bèi), and is measured by the word '处' (chù).
The Chinese term 擦伤 (cāshāng) is a compound verb and noun that specifically describes a superficial injury caused by friction. To understand this word deeply, we must look at its components: 擦 (cā), meaning to rub, wipe, or scrape, and 伤 (shāng), meaning wound or injury. When combined, they create a precise image of skin being 'rubbed into an injury.' In medical and everyday contexts, this corresponds exactly to the English concepts of a 'graze,' 'scrape,' or 'abrasion.' Unlike a deep cut (laceration) or a bruise (contusion), a 擦伤 is characterized by the removal of the topmost layers of the skin, usually the epidermis, through contact with a rough surface like concrete, gravel, or even rough fabric.
- Physical Context
- This word is most frequently used when someone falls down. If a child falls on the playground and skins their knee, that is a classic 擦伤. It is the result of kinetic energy being converted into friction against the skin.
- Mechanical Context
- While primarily used for skin, it can occasionally describe superficial damage to surfaces, such as the paint on a car being 'grazed' by a wall, though 刮擦 is more common for vehicles.
Native speakers use this word when the injury is not life-threatening but is painful due to the exposure of nerve endings. Because a graze often covers a wider area than a cut but is shallower, the pain is described as 'burning' or 'stinging.' In a clinical setting, a doctor might record 'multiple abrasions' as '多处擦伤.' In daily life, parents use it constantly with active children. The word carries a sense of commonality; it is an injury everyone has experienced, making it an essential part of the CEFR Level A2 vocabulary for describing health and accidents.
他在跑步时摔倒了，膝盖上有一大块擦伤。(He fell while running and has a large graze on his knee.)
Beyond the literal physical wound, 擦伤 can sometimes be used metaphorically in literature to describe a 'slight brush' with danger or a minor emotional hurt that doesn't leave a deep scar but is irritating in the moment. However, 95% of its usage remains strictly in the realm of physical first aid and sports. Understanding the 'rubbing' nature of the first character helps learners distinguish it from 划伤 (huáshāng), which implies a sharp object like a knife or a thorn 'slicing' or 'scratching' the skin.
In summary, use 擦伤 whenever the skin has been scraped against something. It is the go-to word for sports injuries, playground accidents, and minor mishaps where the skin is broken but the wound is shallow. It is an objective, descriptive term used by doctors, parents, and athletes alike.
Using 擦伤 (cāshāng) correctly requires understanding its dual nature as both a verb and a noun. In Chinese grammar, it often functions as a resultative verb or within a passive structure. The most common pattern involves the particle 了 (le) to indicate that the injury has already occurred. Because 擦伤 is a specific type of damage, it is frequently preceded by adverbs that describe the extent of the scrape.
- Verb Pattern: Subject + 擦伤了 + Body Part
- This is the most direct way to say someone grazed a part of their body. For example: '我擦伤了胳膊' (I grazed my arm).
- Passive Pattern: Body Part + 被 + 擦伤了
- This emphasizes the body part that received the injury. '他的脸被擦伤了' (His face was grazed/scraped).
虽然撞车很严重，但他只是受了点擦伤。(Although the car crash was serious, he only suffered some minor grazes.)
When used as a noun, 擦伤 often follows the verb 受 (shòu - to receive/suffer) or 有 (yǒu - to have). You will often see it paired with '轻微' (qīngwēi - slight) or '严重' (yánzhòng - serious). For instance, '轻微擦伤' is the standard medical term for a minor scrape. If you want to describe the location precisely, you can use the measure word '处' (chù), which is used for locations or spots of injury: '全身有多处擦伤' (There are multiple grazes all over the body).
In more complex sentences, 擦伤 can be part of a 'cause and effect' structure. '因为路面太滑，他不小心摔倒并擦伤了手掌' (Because the road was too slippery, he accidentally fell and scraped his palm). Note how the verb 擦伤 often concludes a sequence of unfortunate events. In professional writing, such as an accident report, it might appear in a more formal list: '伤者症状：左膝擦伤，红肿' (Victim's symptoms: left knee abrasion, swelling).
- Common Modifiers
- 1. 明显的 (míngxiǎn de) - obvious/noticeable
2. 面积巨大的 (miànjī jùdà de) - large area
3. 渗血的 (shènxuè de) - oozing blood
Finally, remember that 擦伤 can be used for objects too, especially those with smooth surfaces. If a laptop is dragged across a stone table, you might say '外壳擦伤了' (The casing is scraped). However, for everyday objects, words like 划痕 (huáhén - scratch) are often preferred unless the damage is clearly from a wide-area rubbing motion.
You will encounter 擦伤 (cāshāng) in various real-life scenarios in China, ranging from the domestic to the professional. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize the word instantly when you hear it in the wild. The most common place is undoubtedly around children and schools.
老师，小明在操场上摔跤了，膝盖擦伤了。(Teacher, Xiao Ming fell on the playground and grazed his knee.)
In the world of sports, this word is ubiquitous. If you are watching a Chinese broadcast of a football (soccer) match, the commentator might say a player is temporarily leaving the field due to a '皮肤擦伤' (skin abrasion) after a sliding tackle. Sports enthusiasts often discuss their '勋章' (medals/badges of honor), which are often just the 擦伤 they got during a particularly intense game.
Another major context is traffic and transportation. In minor 'fender bender' accidents in China, the police or the drivers will use 擦伤 to describe both the minor injuries to the passengers and the superficial scrapes on the vehicles. On the news, you might hear: '事故中无人重伤，仅有几名乘客受了轻微擦伤' (No one was seriously injured in the accident; only a few passengers suffered minor grazes).
- Hospitals and Clinics
- When checking in at an Emergency Room (急诊 - jízhěn), the nurse will ask about the nature of the wound. Using the word 擦伤 tells them immediately that the wound is shallow and likely needs cleaning and dressing rather than stitches (缝针 - féngzhēn).
- Action Movies and TV
- In police procedurals or action films, a character might dismiss a wound by saying: '没事，只是点擦伤' (It's nothing, just a graze), emphasizing their toughness.
Finally, in the manufacturing and shipping industries, 擦伤 is used to describe damage to products during transit. If a wooden table arrives with a scuff mark from the box rubbing against it, the customer service representative will record it as a '表面擦伤' (surface abrasion). This shows the word's versatility beyond just human biology, extending to any surface that can be damaged by friction.
While 擦伤 (cāshāng) seems straightforward, English speakers often make specific errors when translating 'scrape' or 'scratch' into Chinese. The primary confusion arises between 擦伤 and other injury-related verbs like 划伤 (huáshāng), 割伤 (gēshāng), and 淤青 (yūqīng).
- Mistake 1: Confusing 擦伤 with 划伤
- A 擦伤 (abrasion) is caused by broad friction. A 划伤 (scratch) is caused by a sharp, pointed object like a cat's claw or a nail. If you say you '擦伤' your hand on a needle, it sounds strange because a needle doesn't 'rub' the skin; it 'slices' or 'pricks' it.
- Mistake 2: Confusing 擦伤 with 割伤
- 割伤 (gēshāng) refers to a deep cut, usually from a knife or glass. 擦伤 is always superficial. Using 擦伤 for a wound that needs stitches is a significant understatement and could lead to medical misunderstandings.
Wrong: 我的手被纸擦伤了。(My hand was 'grazed' by paper.)
Right: 我的手被纸划破了。(My hand was cut by paper - a paper cut.)
Another common error involves the measure words. Learners often use '个' (ge) for injuries, but for 擦伤, the more natural and professional measure word is '处' (chù - a place/spot) or '块' (kuài - a patch/piece). Saying '一个擦伤' is grammatically okay but sounds slightly childish compared to '一处擦伤'.
Finally, avoid using 擦伤 for internal pain. It is strictly a surface-level word. You cannot '擦伤' your heart or your stomach (unless you are speaking very metaphorically in high-level poetry). For internal injuries, words like 挫伤 (cuòshāng - contusion/internal bruise) or 内伤 (nèishāng - internal injury) are used. Always visualize the physical act of rubbing against a rough surface to decide if 擦伤 is the right word.
To truly master the vocabulary of injuries, you must understand where 擦伤 (cāshāng) fits among its synonyms and related terms. While 擦伤 is the most versatile and standard term, other words carry different nuances of formality, cause, or severity.
- 蹭破 (cèngpò)
- This is the most common informal alternative. '蹭' (cèng) means to brush against, and '破' (pò) means broken. It is used in daily life, especially by Beijingers or in Northern dialects. '膝盖蹭破了皮' is a very natural way to say 'scraped the skin off the knee' in a casual conversation.
- 刮伤 (guāshāng)
- This emphasizes a 'scraping' or 'shaving' motion, often by something slightly sharper than a flat surface but not as sharp as a knife. It is frequently used for cars (刮蹭) or when a branch 'scrapes' your arm.
- 划伤 (huáshāng)
- As mentioned before, this is for linear scratches. If a thorn or a wire makes a line on your skin, it's a 划伤. 擦伤 usually covers a wider, non-linear area.
Word Cause Formality 擦伤 Friction/Rough surface Standard/Medical 蹭破 Accidental brushing Colloquial 磨损 Long-term rubbing Technical/Objects
Another word to consider is 磨损 (mósǔn). While 擦伤 is an acute injury, 磨损 refers to gradual 'wear and tear.' You would use 磨损 for the soles of your shoes or the gears in a machine. You wouldn't say your skin has 磨损 unless you've been rubbing it against something for hours (like a blister forming).
Finally, 磕碰 (kēpèng) is a useful umbrella term. It means 'bumps and scrapes' in general. Parents often tell children to '小心磕碰' (be careful of bumps and scrapes). While 擦伤 is the specific result, 磕碰 is the action of bumping into things that might cause the 擦伤. Knowing these distinctions allows you to choose the word that fits the level of the conversation perfectly.
レベル別の例文
我擦伤了。
I have a graze.
Subject + Verb + Particle 'le'.
你的手擦伤了吗？
Is your hand grazed?
Question with 'ma'.
膝盖擦伤了。
The knee is grazed.
Body part as the subject.
这里有一点擦伤。
There is a little graze here.
Using 'yǒu' (to have/there is).
他不小心擦伤了。
He accidentally grazed himself.
Using 'bù xiǎoxīn' (accidentally).
别担心，只是擦伤。
Don't worry, it's just a graze.
Using 'zhǐshì' (just/only).
我的腿擦伤了。
My leg is grazed.
Possessive 'wǒ de' + body part.
医生看我的擦伤。
The doctor looks at my graze.
擦伤 used as a noun.
他在操场上摔倒，擦伤了膝盖。
He fell on the playground and grazed his knee.
Sequence of actions: fall then graze.
这处擦伤需要消毒吗？
Does this graze need to be disinfected?
Measure word 'chù' for the injury.
我跑步的时候擦伤了胳膊。
I grazed my arm while running.
...de shíhòu (while/when) structure.
药膏对擦伤很有用。
Ointment is very useful for grazes.
Preposition 'duì' (for/towards).
他的脸被树枝擦伤了。
His face was grazed by a tree branch.
Passive 'bèi' construction.
洗澡时，擦伤的地方有点疼。
When taking a shower, the grazed area hurts a bit.
...de dìfāng (the place that...).
你身上怎么有这么多擦伤？
How come you have so many grazes on your body?
Question word 'zěnme' (how come).
虽然擦伤了，但他没哭。
Although he was grazed, he didn't cry.
Conjunction 'suīrán... dànshì...' (although... but...).
由于路面湿滑，他在骑车时不慎摔倒并擦伤了手掌。
Due to the slippery road, he accidentally fell and grazed his palm while cycling.
Using formal 'yóuyú' (due to) and 'bùshèn' (carelessly/accidentally).
医生说这只是轻微擦伤，过几天就会好。
The doctor said it's just a slight graze and will be fine in a few days.
Noun phrase 'qīngwēi cāshāng'.
他在攀岩时，手臂被岩石擦伤了一大块。
When he was rock climbing, a large part of his arm was scraped by the rocks.
Passive structure with a resultative extent 'yī dà kuài'.
为了防止擦伤感染，必须先用清水洗净。
To prevent the graze from getting infected, it must first be washed with clean water.
Purpose clause 'wèile...'.
他在足球比赛中多次摔倒，全身到处是擦伤。
He fell many times during the football match, and had grazes all over his body.
Adverbial 'dàochù' (everywhere).
这辆新车的侧面有一道明显的擦伤。
There is a noticeable scrape on the side of this new car.
Using 擦伤 for an object.
如果你不穿长裤，很容易在草地上擦伤腿。
If you don't wear long pants, it's easy to graze your legs on the grass.
Conditional 'rúguǒ... jiù...'.
伤口只是表面的擦伤，没有伤到骨头。
The wound is just a superficial graze; it didn't hurt the bone.
Contrast 'biǎomiàn de' (superficial) with 'gǔtou' (bone).
伤者由于从摩托车上摔下，导致四肢大面积擦伤。
The victim fell off a motorcycle, resulting in extensive abrasions on all four limbs.
Formal verb 'dǎozhì' (to lead to/result in).
这种材料的耐磨性很好，不易产生擦伤。
This material has good wear resistance and does not easily get scraped.
Technical context.
经过初步检查，他除了几处擦伤外并无大碍。
After an initial examination, he was found to be fine except for a few grazes.
Structure 'chúle... wài' (except for).
在野外生存时，即使是微小的擦伤也应引起重视。
When surviving in the wild, even minor grazes should be taken seriously.
Concessive 'jíshǐ... yě...' (even if... also...).
他的皮肤比较敏感，稍微碰撞就会造成擦伤。
His skin is quite sensitive; even a slight collision will cause a graze.
Adverb 'shāowēi' (slightly).
处理擦伤时，应先涂抹抗生素软膏再贴上纱布。
When treating an abrasion, one should first apply antibiotic ointment and then apply gauze.
Sequential structure 'xiān... zài...'.
货运过程中，家具表面出现了一些不可避免的擦伤。
During shipping, some unavoidable scrapes appeared on the surface of the furniture.
Using 'bùkě bìmiǎn' (unavoidable).
警察在报告中记录了受害人颈部的擦伤痕迹。
The police recorded marks of grazes on the victim's neck in the report.
Formal 'jìlù' (to record).
尽管在比赛中多处擦伤，他依然坚持跑完了全程。
Despite multiple grazes during the race, he still insisted on finishing the entire course.
Conjunction 'jǐnguǎn... yīrán...' (despite... still...).
这种精密仪器的表面一旦有轻微擦伤，就会影响其精度。
Once there is a slight scratch on the surface of this precision instrument, its accuracy will be affected.
Conditional 'yīdàn... jiù...' (once... then...).
他的自尊心在这场争论中受到了严重的‘擦伤’。
His self-esteem suffered a serious 'graze' in this argument.
Metaphorical usage.
这起事故仅造成了机身的表皮擦伤，并未影响飞行安全。
The accident only caused superficial 'grazes' to the fuselage and did not affect flight safety.
Aviation technical context.
这种药物能加速擦伤部位的表皮再生。
This medicine can accelerate the epidermal regeneration of the grazed area.
Biological technical context.
他在激烈的市场竞争中，虽然受了点擦伤，但最终站稳了脚跟。
In the fierce market competition, although he took a bit of a 'graze', he eventually gained a firm foothold.
Business metaphor.
由于缺乏必要的防护措施，工人们经常发生皮肤擦伤。
Due to the lack of necessary protective measures, workers often suffer from skin abrasions.
Formal 'quēfá' (lack of).
法医鉴定显示，死者生前曾有过剧烈的挣扎，导致手腕处有擦伤。
Forensic identification showed that the deceased had struggled violently before death, resulting in grazes on the wrists.
Forensic context.
在宏观经济的震荡下，该行业的龙头企业也难免会有所擦伤。
Under the shock of the macro-economy, even the leading enterprises in this industry will inevitably suffer some 'grazes'.
Advanced economic metaphor.
这种涂层的设计初衷是为了最大限度地减少高速摩擦产生的擦伤。
The coating was originally designed to minimize abrasions caused by high-speed friction.
Engineering terminology.
他那玩世不恭的外表下，其实隐藏着许多未曾愈合的心理擦伤。
Under his cynical exterior, there are actually many unhealed psychological 'grazes' hidden.
Deep psychological metaphor.
尽管证据显示这只是偶然的物理擦伤，但辩方律师仍试图以此质疑其真实性。
Although the evidence showed it was just an accidental physical abrasion, the defense lawyer still tried to use it to question its authenticity.
Legal context.
在漫长的历史长河中，这些古迹不可避免地留下了岁月的擦伤。
In the long course of history, these ancient monuments have inevitably left 'grazes' of time.
Poetic historical context.
这种精密光学元件对任何微小的擦伤都表现出极高的敏感度。
This precision optical component shows extremely high sensitivity to any tiny abrasion.
Scientific context.
他的言辞虽然犀利，但仅仅是对对方论点的擦伤，并未击中要害。
Although his words were sharp, they were merely a 'graze' on the opponent's argument and did not hit the mark.
Rhetorical metaphor.
该报告详尽地描述了材料在极端压力下发生的微观擦伤现象。
The report described in detail the microscopic abrasion phenomenon of the material under extreme pressure.
Academic research context.
Summary
- 擦伤 (cāshāng) means a graze or scrape, typically a superficial skin injury caused by friction against a rough surface like concrete or gravel.
- It combines 擦 (to rub/wipe) and 伤 (wound). It functions as both a verb ('to graze') and a noun ('a graze').
- Commonly used in sports, childhood accidents, and minor mishaps. It is less serious than a cut (割伤) or a deep scratch (划伤).
- Grammatically, it often uses the particle '了' (le) or the passive '被' (bèi), and is measured by the word '处' (chù).
例文
她不小心摔倒了，膝盖擦伤了。
関連コンテンツ
この単語を他の言語で
healthの関連語
一粒
A2一粒。米や薬、種などの小さくて丸いものを数える時に使います。'一粒の米'は'一粒米'と言います。
一片
A2One tablet; a slice (for flat objects like pills).
不正常
A2不正常な、異常な。通常の状態や規則から外れていること。
以上
A2以上（いじょう）とは、ある数やレベルよりも上、またはそれ以上であることを意味します。
酸痛
A2運動の後で筋肉が痛みます。
倒是
A2逆に；かえって。予想に反する対照を表す時に使われます。
针灸
A2Acupuncture; traditional Chinese therapy.
扎针
A2注射をする、または鍼を打つ。
急性
B1急性（病気）：突然始まり、通常は重度だが短期間で終わる状態を指します。 急性（病気）：病気について話すとき、「急性」はすぐに始まり、激しいが、長くは続かないものを説明します。
急性病
B1急に発症し、進行が早い急性疾患のことです。
