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B2 adjective 9분 분량

精微

jīngwēi
예시 精微 30초 만에
설명 精微 in your Level:
At the A1 level, '精微' (jīngwēi) is a very advanced word that you usually won't need to use. However, you can think of it as a super-powered version of '小' (xiǎo - small) and '好' (hǎo - good). Imagine a tiny toy that has many very small parts that work perfectly. That is the feeling of '精微'. For now, just remember that '精' means 'very good/refined' and '微' means 'very small'. If you see this word, it probably means something is small but very special or detailed. You don't need to use it in your daily 'Hello' or 'How are you?' conversations, but it's a cool word to know if you like art or science! Just think of a tiny, beautiful detail on a butterfly's wing.
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At the A2 level, you are starting to learn more adjectives. '精微' is a step above '细小' (xìxiǎo - tiny). While '细小' just means something is small, '精微' means it is small AND carefully made or thought out. For example, if you look at a very small drawing with lots of details, you can say it is '精微'. You might see this word in books about hobbies like model building or painting. It is also used to describe 'subtle' things, like a small change in someone's voice. At this level, you can practice recognizing it as a way to say 'detailed and small'. Try to remember it as 'Precision-Small'.
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At the B1 level, you should begin to understand the difference between physical smallness and abstract subtlety. '精微' is often used to describe things you can't see with your eyes, like feelings or ideas. For example, if two words have almost the same meaning but a 'subtle' difference, that difference is '精微的差别'. You can use it when talking about your work or studies to show you are paying attention to details. It's a great word for describing 'intricate' systems or 'delicate' situations. In a B1 essay, using '精微' instead of just '细小' shows that you understand the depth of a topic. It moves you from describing the surface to describing the essence.
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At the B2 level, '精微' is an essential word for discussing complex topics in art, science, and philosophy. You should be able to use it to describe the 'nuances' of an argument or the 'intricacies' of a design. It is frequently paired with nouns like '观察' (observation), '变化' (change), and '差别' (difference). At this level, you should also be aware of its formal tone. You would use it in a presentation about a technical subject or in a literary analysis. It represents a 'refined' quality. For example, '精微的分析' (a subtle/intricate analysis) suggests that the person has looked at every small part of a problem very carefully. It is a key word for achieving a professional or academic register in Chinese.
At the C1 level, you should appreciate the philosophical roots of '精微'. It is not just about being detailed; it is about the 'essence of the minute'. You should be familiar with the Confucian concept '致广大而尽精微' (aim for the broad while exhausting the subtle). This means you use the word to describe a balance between a grand vision and meticulous execution. In C1 writing, '精微' can be used to describe the 'subtle' shifts in political climates, the 'intricate' weaving of a narrative plot, or the 'delicate' balance of an ecosystem. You should be able to distinguish it perfectly from '细腻' (usually for emotions/textures) and '微妙' (usually for tricky situations). It is a word of high aesthetic and intellectual value.
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At the C2 level, '精微' becomes a tool for precise metaphysical and aesthetic discourse. You use it to describe the 'ineffable' and 'highly refined' aspects of existence. For instance, in discussing Daoist or Buddhist texts, '精微' describes the profound, subtle truths that are beyond ordinary language. You can use it to critique high art, noting the '精微之处' that define a master's style. At this level, you are expected to use it with perfect collocation and register, perhaps even in its classical sense within modern prose. It is no longer just a word for 'subtle'; it is a word for the 'sublime precision' that exists at the heart of complex systems and profound thoughts. Your use of it should reflect a deep mastery of Chinese culture and thought.
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예시

精微 30초 만에

  • 精微 (jīngwēi) means subtle and intricate, focusing on small but profound details.
  • It is a formal word used in art, science, philosophy, and psychological descriptions.
  • It combines '精' (refined essence) and '微' (minute/tiny) to imply high precision.
  • Commonly used to describe observations, changes, differences, and craftsmanship.

The Chinese term 精微 (jīngwēi) is a sophisticated adjective that represents the pinnacle of precision and subtlety. It is composed of two characters: 精 (jīng), which refers to essence, refinement, or spirit, and 微 (wēi), which denotes something minute, subtle, or tiny. Together, they describe things that are not only small in scale but also incredibly detailed, profound, and often difficult for the untrained eye or mind to perceive. In modern and classical Chinese, this word is used to describe high-quality craftsmanship, deep philosophical insights, or the subtle nuances of human emotion and social interaction.

Artistic Precision
When describing art, 精微 refers to the intricate details that make a piece extraordinary. For instance, a micro-carving on a piece of ivory or the subtle brushwork in a traditional landscape painting can be called 精微 because they require immense skill and attention to the smallest possible elements.
Philosophical Depth
In intellectual contexts, it describes theories or arguments that are complex and nuanced. A philosopher might explore the 精微之处 (subtle points) of a concept, meaning those parts that are easily overlooked but contain the most profound truths.
Emotional Nuance
People use this word to describe the subtle shifts in mood or the intricate web of human relationships. A novelist might be praised for their 精微的观察 (subtle observation) of how people react in social settings, capturing the unspoken tensions and delicate balance of power.

这篇文章对人性的刻画极其精微，读来令人深思。

— Translation: This article's depiction of human nature is extremely subtle and intricate, making one think deeply after reading.

科学研究需要一种精微的精神，不能放过任何蛛丝马迹。

— Translation: Scientific research requires a spirit of subtlety and precision; one cannot let any tiny clue slip by.

You will most often encounter 精微 in formal writing, academic discussions, art criticism, and high-level literature. It is not a word commonly used in casual street slang, but using it correctly in a speech or an essay marks you as an advanced speaker with a deep appreciation for the nuances of the Chinese language. It conveys a sense of respect for the complexity of the subject matter, whether it is a scientific phenomenon, a piece of music, or a political strategy.

Using 精微 correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical flexibility as an adjective. While it primarily modifies nouns, it can also function as a predicate or be used in adverbial phrases with the addition of 地 (de). The key is to use it when you want to emphasize that something is not just small, but meaningfully small or complexly detailed.

Modifying Nouns
The most common structure is 精微的 + Noun. Common nouns include 差别 (difference), 变化 (change), 观察 (observation), and 艺术 (art). For example: "我们要察觉到市场中那些精微的变化" (We must perceive those subtle changes in the market).
As a Predicate
You can use it after the subject with an intensifier like 极其 (extremely) or 非常 (very). For example: "这种仪器的构造极其精微" (The structure of this instrument is extremely intricate).
Describing Abstract Concepts
It is perfect for describing things that are mentally or emotionally complex. "他能体会到音乐中精微的情感波动" (He can sense the subtle emotional fluctuations in the music).

由于实验条件的限制，我们暂时无法观测到如此精微的粒子运动。

— Translation: Due to limitations in experimental conditions, we are temporarily unable to observe such subtle particle movements.

他的画作以其精微的笔触和深邃的意境闻名于世。

— Translation: His paintings are world-famous for their delicate brushwork and profound artistic conception.

In academic writing, you might use it to describe the "nuances" of a language or the "intricacies" of a legal system. For example, "法律的精微之处在于其对公平与正义的权衡" (The subtlety of the law lies in its balancing of fairness and justice). This usage highlights that the law is not just a set of blunt rules but a complex system requiring careful interpretation. By using 精微, you signal that you are looking beyond the surface level to the deep, complex mechanisms underneath.

While you might not hear 精微 (jīngwēi) at a noisy vegetable market, it is a staple in the vocabularies of intellectuals, artists, and professionals in high-precision fields. Understanding where this word naturally occurs will help you use it with the right register and context.

Art Galleries and Museums
Curators and art critics frequently use 精微 to describe the techniques of masters. Whether it's the "intricate" details of a Renaissance sculpture or the "subtle" color transitions in a watercolor painting, this word is used to express admiration for technical mastery that goes beyond the ordinary.
Scientific and Technical Lectures
In fields like nanotechnology, quantum physics, or micro-engineering, researchers use 精微 to describe the scale of their work. For example, "这种芯片的设计达到了前所未有的精微程度" (The design of this chip has reached an unprecedented level of intricacy).
Literary Criticism
When analyzing a novel or a poem, critics use this word to talk about the author's ability to capture the "subtle" aspects of human psychology. "作者对人物心理的精微刻画，使得故事具有了极强的真实感" (The author's subtle portrayal of the characters' psychology gives the story a strong sense of reality).

在钟表匠的手中，每一个精微的零件都找到了属于自己的位置。

— Translation: In the hands of the watchmaker, every intricate part finds its own place.

这首诗的意境非常精微，需要反复品读才能领会。

— Translation: The artistic conception of this poem is very subtle; one needs to read it repeatedly to grasp it.

In professional settings, such as a business strategy meeting or a diplomatic negotiation, 精微 might be used to describe the "delicate" balance of interests. A diplomat might say, "我们需要处理好这些精微的利益关系" (We need to handle these delicate interest relationships well). Here, it implies that the situation is sensitive and requires careful, precise handling to avoid conflict. In summary, wherever there is a need to express that something is complex, deep, and requires high attention to detail, you will find this word.

Learning to use 精微 (jīngwēi) involves distinguishing it from several similar-sounding or similar-meaning words. Because it is a high-level word, using it in the wrong context can sound awkward or overly formal. Here are the most common pitfalls for English speakers.

Mistake 1: Using it for physical size only
While 精微 involves smallness, it is not just a synonym for "tiny" (细小 xìxiǎo). If you are just talking about a small stone on the ground, use 小 or 细小. Use 精微 only if that smallness involves complex detail or profound meaning. Incorrect: 路边有一块精微的石头。 Correct: 显微镜下展示了一个精微的世界。
Mistake 2: Confusing with 精致 (jīngzhì)
精致 means exquisite, fancy, or fine-looking. It is often used for products, gifts, or lifestyle. 精微 is more about the internal structure or the subtle nature. You would say a watch is 精致 because it looks beautiful, but its internal gears are 精微 because they are tiny and precise.
Mistake 3: Confusing with 微妙 (wēimiào)
微妙 means "subtle" but often carries a sense of being "tricky" or "hard to pin down," especially in social situations. 精微 is more neutral or positive, emphasizing precision and depth. If a situation is awkward, use 微妙. If a situation is complex and detailed, use 精微.

注意：不要把“精微”用在日常琐事上，它通常用于严肃、艺术或科学的话题。

— Note: Don't use "精微" for daily trivialities; it is usually reserved for serious, artistic, or scientific topics.

Another common error is forgetting the 的 (de) when modifying a noun. Because 精微 is a two-character adjective of a higher register, it almost always requires 的 unless it is part of a fixed four-character idiom. For example, "精微变化" sounds slightly clipped; "精微的变化" is much more natural in standard prose. Finally, remember that 精微 implies a certain level of admiration. Calling something 精微 is usually a compliment to its complexity and the skill required to create or understand it.

To truly master 精微 (jīngwēi), you should know its neighbors in the semantic field. Each of these words translates to "subtle," "fine," or "intricate" in some context, but they have distinct flavors.

1. 细腻 (xìnì)
Usage: Primarily used for textures (like skin or silk) or the detailed depiction of emotions and descriptions in literature.
Comparison: While 精微 emphasizes the "small and deep," 细腻 emphasizes "smoothness and detail." You describe a person's feelings as 细腻, but a philosophical distinction as 精微.
2. 微妙 (wēimiào)
Usage: Used for things that are subtle, delicate, and often difficult to describe or handle, especially relationships or situations.
Comparison: 微妙 often implies a sense of uncertainty or potential for change. A "subtle relationship" (微妙的关系) might be one where people are secretly competing. A "subtle relationship" (精微的关系) would imply a complex, finely-tuned system of interaction.
3. 细微 (xìwēi)
Usage: A more common, neutral word for "tiny" or "slight."
Comparison: 细微 is the most objective. It just means small. 精微 adds a layer of "refined" or "profound." Use 细微的差别 for a small difference in color; use 精微的差别 for a subtle difference in a legal definition.
4. 深奥 (shēn'ào)
Usage: Used for things that are profound, deep, and difficult to understand.
Comparison: 深奥 focuses on the difficulty of the knowledge, while 精微 focuses on the detail and precision within that knowledge. A theory can be both 深奥 and 精微.

In summary, 精微 is your go-to word for high-level, intellectual, or artistic precision. It suggests that the speaker is looking at the world through a high-definition lens, appreciating the tiny gears and subtle shades that others might miss. Mastering its use will significantly elevate your Chinese expression, especially in academic and professional circles.

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UK dʒɪŋ weɪ
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수준별 예문

1

这个小画很精微。

This small painting is very intricate.

Simple Subject + Adjective structure.

2

精微的东西通常很难看清楚。

Intricate things are usually hard to see clearly.

Using '的' to turn an adjective into a noun phrase.

3

老师说，我们要看精微的地方。

The teacher said we should look at the subtle parts.

Using '地方' (place/part) after the adjective.

4

他的手工作品非常精微。

His handicraft is very delicate.

Adverb '非常' modifying '精微'.

5

这块手表里有很多精微的零件。

There are many intricate parts in this watch.

Adjective modifying a noun with '的'.

6

精微的变化不容易发现。

Subtle changes are not easy to discover.

Abstract noun '变化' modified by '精微'.

7

这朵花的设计很精微。

The design of this flower is very intricate.

'的设计' as the subject.

8

我喜欢这些精微的图案。

I like these intricate patterns.

Verb '喜欢' + Object.

1

这种机器的构造非常精微。

The structure of this machine is very intricate.

'构造' (structure) is a common noun to pair with '精微'.

2

虽然差别精微，但他还是看出来了。

Although the difference was subtle, he still noticed it.

Using '虽然...但是...' structure.

3

我们需要更精微的工具来修理它。

We need more precise tools to fix it.

Comparative '更' (more) + adjective.

4

这篇小说对情感的描写很精微。

This novel's description of emotions is very subtle.

Describing '描写' (description).

5

在这个精微的世界里，一切都很奇妙。

In this intricate world, everything is wonderful.

Using '在...里' to set the context.

6

他能观察到鸟儿羽毛上精微的颜色。

He can observe the subtle colors on the bird's feathers.

Verb '观察' + complex object.

7

中国书法有一种精微的美。

Chinese calligraphy has a subtle beauty.

Noun '美' (beauty) modified by '精微的'.

8

实验中任何精微的错误都会导致失败。

Any subtle error in the experiment will lead to failure.

Subject '任何...错误' (any error).

1

我们要学会体察生活中那些精微的情趣。

We should learn to appreciate those subtle joys in life.

Verb '体察' (to experience/observe) is a high-level collocation.

2

翻译时必须注意词语之间精微的差别。

When translating, one must pay attention to the subtle differences between words.

Adverbial '时' (when) and modal verb '必须' (must).

3

这件艺术品的精微之处在于它的光影变化。

The subtlety of this artwork lies in its changes of light and shadow.

'...之处' (the point/aspect of...) is a very common structure.

4

随着科技的发展，我们可以制造更精微的零件。

With the development of technology, we can manufacture more intricate parts.

'随着...' (along with...) phrase.

5

他用精微的语言表达了内心的复杂感受。

He expressed his complex inner feelings with subtle language.

Using '用...语言' (using... language).

6

这种药剂的成分比例非常精微，不能出错。

The proportions of the ingredients in this medicine are very precise and cannot be wrong.

Describing '比例' (proportion/ratio).

7

只有心思精微的人才能发现这个秘密。

Only a person with a subtle mind can discover this secret.

'心思精微' (subtle/meticulous mind) as a descriptor for a person.

8

这部电影捕捉到了人与人之间精微的互动。

This movie captures the subtle interactions between people.

Verb '捕捉' (to capture) + abstract noun.

1

这篇论文深入探讨了法律条款中精微的逻辑关系。

This thesis deeply explores the intricate logical relationships within legal clauses.

Formal academic vocabulary like '探讨' and '条款'.

2

由于观察精微，他发现了一些前人忽略的现象。

Because of his subtle observation, he discovered some phenomena ignored by his predecessors.

'由于' (due to) starting a causal clause.

3

大师的演奏在力度控制上极其精微。

The master's performance is extremely subtle in terms of dynamic control.

Using '在...上' to specify the aspect of the adjective.

4

这种文化现象背后隐藏着极其精微的心理动机。

Behind this cultural phenomenon lie extremely subtle psychological motives.

Verb '隐藏' (to hide/lie behind).

5

外交辞令往往含蓄而精微，需要仔细揣摩。

Diplomatic language is often implicit and subtle, requiring careful interpretation.

Adjectives '含蓄' (implicit) and '精微' paired together.

6

这种材料的分子结构展示了自然界的精微之美。

The molecular structure of this material demonstrates the subtle beauty of nature.

'精微之美' (beauty of subtlety) is a poetic construction.

7

他试图通过精微的调整来达到最佳的音响效果。

He tried to achieve the best sound effect through subtle adjustments.

Using '通过...来' (through... to...) structure.

8

历史的真相往往就隐藏在这些精微的细节之中。

The truth of history often lies hidden within these subtle details.

Using '之中' (inside/within) for abstract location.

1

“致广大而尽精微”是成就伟大事业的必备素质。

'Aiming for the broad while exhausting the subtle' is an essential quality for achieving great things.

Classical idiom used as a subject phrase.

2

这篇文章对权力运作的精微剖析令人叹为观止。

The article's subtle dissection of the workings of power is breathtaking.

Noun '剖析' (dissection/analysis) modified by '精微'.

3

在这一精微的平衡点上，任何干扰都可能导致系统崩溃。

At this delicate point of balance, any interference could lead to a system collapse.

'平衡点' (point of balance) as the noun.

4

其艺术风格从宏大叙事转向了对个人命运的精微关注。

His artistic style shifted from grand narratives to a subtle focus on individual destiny.

Using '从...转向...' (from... shift to...).

5

这种哲学思想极其精微，非一般人所能轻易领悟。

This philosophical thought is extremely subtle and not easily understood by ordinary people.

Using the '非...所能' (not what... can) formal structure.

6

他在处理这些精微的利益纠葛时表现出了极高的智慧。

He showed great wisdom when dealing with these intricate entanglements of interest.

'利益纠葛' (interest entanglements) is a high-level collocation.

7

诗歌的力量往往源于对日常事物中精微意蕴的挖掘。

The power of poetry often stems from the excavation of subtle meanings in everyday things.

Noun '意蕴' (inner meaning/connotation).

8

现代半导体工艺已经进入了极其精微的纳米尺度。

Modern semiconductor processes have entered the extremely intricate nanometer scale.

Scientific context using '尺度' (scale).

1

老子所谓的“道”，其体甚大，其用甚精微。

What Laozi calls 'Dao' is vast in its essence and extremely subtle in its application.

Classical grammar style using '其...甚...'.

2

在那个精微的瞬间，他洞察到了生命的全部真谛。

In that subtle moment, he perceived the entire truth of life.

Using '洞察' (to perceive/insight).

3

该作品以精微的笔触勾勒出了一幅时代变迁的宏伟画卷。

The work outlines a grand scroll of era changes with subtle brushstrokes.

Metaphorical use of '画卷' (scroll/picture).

4

这种审美追求的是一种“大音希声，大象无形”的精微境界。

This aesthetic pursues a subtle realm of 'the greatest sound is silent, the greatest form is shapeless.'

Quoting classical philosophy to define '境界' (realm).

5

学者对史料进行了精微的考据，推翻了长久以来的定论。

The scholar conducted a subtle/meticulous textual research of historical materials, overturning long-held conclusions.

'考据' (textual research) is a very formal academic term.

6

其政治手腕之精微，使得对手在不知不觉中落入圈套。

The subtlety of his political maneuvers was such that his opponents fell into the trap without realizing it.

Using '...之...' (possessive 'of') in a formal structure.

7

宇宙的运行遵循着某种精微而又严密的法则。

The operation of the universe follows some subtle yet rigorous laws.

Pairing '精微' (subtle) with '严密' (rigorous).

8

这种微妙的差别，唯有具备精微眼光的人方能察觉。

This subtle difference can only be perceived by someone with a refined eye.

Using '唯有...方能' (only... then can) structure.

자주 쓰는 조합

精微的差别
观察精微
精微的调整
精微的变化
精微的构造
刻画精微
精微之处
精微的艺术
分析精微
精微的触觉

자주 쓰는 구문

致广大而尽精微

— To achieve breadth and exhaust the subtle. A Confucian ideal of balance.

做学问要致广大而尽精微。

精微入里

— To be subtle and penetrate deep into the essence.

他的评论精微入里，切中要害。

极其精微

— Extremely subtle or intricate.

这种差别极其精微，肉眼难辨。

心思精微

— Having a subtle and meticulous mind.

他心思精微，总能想到别人想不到的地方。

描写精微

— Described in a subtle and detailed way.

书中的心理描写十分精微。

精微的操作

— A very precise and delicate operation.

眼科手术需要极其精微的操作。

精微的平衡

— A delicate or subtle balance.

生态系统维持着一种精微的平衡。

体会精微

— To experience or grasp the subtle aspects.

你需要用心去体会其中的精微意蕴。

精微的世界

— An intricate or microscopic world.

显微镜带我们进入了一个精微的世界。

精微的技巧

— Subtle and refined techniques.

这名工匠掌握了许多精微的技巧。

관용어 및 표현

"细致入微"

— Detailed down to the smallest part. Very similar to 精微 but more common in daily use.

他对病人的照顾真是细致入微。

Neutral
"具体而微"

— Complete in every detail but on a smaller scale.

这个模型虽然小，但是具体而微。

Formal
"微言大义"

— Subtle words with profound meaning.

《春秋》一书，充满了微言大义。

Literary
"察微知著"

— To see the micro and know the macro; to see the signs of things to come.

优秀的管理者能够察微知著。

Formal
"精益求精"

— To keep improving something that is already excellent.

他在工作中始终坚持精益求精的精神。

Neutral
"妙不可言"

— Too wonderful/subtle for words.

那里的景色真是妙不可言。

Neutral
"洞若观火"

— To see something as clearly as looking at a fire; clear insight into subtle things.

他对局势的分析洞若观火。

Formal
"丝丝入扣"

— Threads fitting perfectly; used for logical or artistic precision.

这部小说的情节安排得丝丝入扣。

Formal
"见微知著"

— To know the whole from a small part.

从一个人的谈吐可以见微知著，了解他的修养。

Formal
"入木三分"

— Penetrating three inches into the wood; used for profound and sharp observation.

他的见解真可谓入木三分。

Formal
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