Jingwei describes the intersection of profound intellectual depth and minute, intricate detail.
Word in 30 Seconds
- Refers to things that are both intellectually profound and meticulously detailed.
- Used primarily in formal, academic, philosophical, or artistic contexts.
- Implies a level of depth requiring keen insight to perceive.
Overview
「精微」是一个极具书面色彩的形容词，在现代汉语中承载着深厚的文化与哲学底蕴。
核心定义与概览：
「精」代表精炼、精华、深奥；「微」代表细小、隐约、微妙。合在一起，「精微」不仅指事物的体积或规模细小，更强调其内在逻辑、结构或意义的深邃与复杂。它通常用来描述那些非凡夫俗子一眼就能看穿，而需要极高的智慧、耐心或精密的仪器才能体察到的特质。
用法模式：
在语法上，「精微」常作为定语，修饰抽象概念如「道理」、「义理」、「差异」，或具体但需细致观察的对象如「结构」、「技艺」。例如，「精微的观察」暗示了观察者不仅看到了表面，更捕捉到了常人忽略的细节。它也可以作谓语，形容某种学说或技术达到了极高的境界。
常见语境：
- 哲学与文学：在讨论中国古代哲学（如《中庸》）时，常说其「道理精微」，意指其思想深奥且细节严密。
- 艺术评论：形容画家的笔触或音乐家的情感处理「极其精微」，表现出极高的艺术造诣。
- 科学研究：在描述微观物理或复杂的生物结构时，使用「精微」能体现出科学的严谨性。
词义辨析：
- 与「精细」的区别：「精细」侧重于做工的精巧和细密（如精细的零件），多用于客观描述；而「精微」更侧重于本质的深奥与细小（如精微的差别），带有更多赞赏意味。
- 与「微妙」的区别：「微妙」常带有难以捉摸、甚至带有一点神秘或尴尬的色彩（如微妙的关系），而「精微」则是中性偏褒义的，强调深度与细节的统一。
Examples
这里的义理十分精微，需要反复研读才能领会。
academicThe principles here are very subtle and profound; they require repeated study to grasp.
这件艺术品展现了作者精微的构思。
formalThis piece of art demonstrates the author's intricate conception.
通过显微镜，我们可以观察到细胞内部精微的结构。
scientificThrough a microscope, we can observe the delicate internal structures of cells.
他体察精微，总能发现别人忽略的细节。
formalHe observes with extreme subtlety and always finds details others overlook.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
体察精微
to observe with extreme subtlety
广大精微
vast and subtle
Often Confused With
Jingxi focuses more on precision and craftsmanship in physical objects, while Jingwei emphasizes intellectual or structural depth.
Weimiao often implies something tricky, delicate, or hard to handle (like a relationship), whereas Jingwei is about being profound and detailed.
Grammar Patterns
How to Use It
Usage Notes
Jingwei is a high-register adjective used almost exclusively in formal writing or intellectual discourse. It carries a sense of respect for the complexity of the subject matter. It is rarely used in spoken Chinese unless giving a formal speech or lecture.
Common Mistakes
The most common mistake is confusing 'Jingwei' (精微) with 'Qingwei' (轻微). 'Qingwei' means slight or minor, while 'Jingwei' means profound and detailed. Another mistake is using it for simple, small things that lack depth.
Tips
Focus on the 'Profound' Aspect
Remember that 'Jingwei' is not just about being small; it's about being small and significant or deep.
Avoid Using in Casual Settings
Using 'Jingwei' while ordering food or chatting with friends might sound overly poetic or pretentious.
Roots in Classical Philosophy
The term is linked to the Confucian ideal of 'attaining the broad and great while exhausting the subtle and minute' (致广大而尽精微).
Word Origin
Originates from classical Chinese texts like the 'Doctrine of the Mean' (中庸), where it describes the sage's ability to understand the most hidden and subtle aspects of the universe.
Cultural Context
In Chinese culture, being 'Jingwei' is an intellectual ideal. It reflects the value placed on meticulous observation and the belief that the greatest truths are often hidden in the smallest details.
Memory Tip
Think of 'Jing' as 'refined essence' and 'Wei' as 'microscopic'. Imagine using a refined microscope to look at a deep philosophical truth.
Frequently Asked Questions
4 questions通常不直接形容性格，但可以形容人的“观察力”或“心思”非常精微，表示此人能注意到极小的细节。
“轻微”指程度浅、数量少（如轻微的感冒），而“精微”指深刻且细致，含义完全不同。
不常用。它属于高阶书面语，常见于文学作品、哲学论文或专业评论中。
可以，尤其是当实验观察到了非常细小且具有重大意义的变化时，可以用“精微”来形容。
Test Yourself
这篇文章对人物心理的描写极其___，读来令人叹服。
形容对心理描写细致入微且深刻，应使用“精微”。
选择错误的选项：
“伤”的程度轻应该用“轻微”，而不是“精微”。
道理 / 这 / 十分 / 本 / 书 / 里的 / 精微
正确的语序是：主语（这本书里的道理）+ 程度副词（十分）+ 形容词谓语（精微）。
Score: /3
Summary
Jingwei describes the intersection of profound intellectual depth and minute, intricate detail.
- Refers to things that are both intellectually profound and meticulously detailed.
- Used primarily in formal, academic, philosophical, or artistic contexts.
- Implies a level of depth requiring keen insight to perceive.
Focus on the 'Profound' Aspect
Remember that 'Jingwei' is not just about being small; it's about being small and significant or deep.
Avoid Using in Casual Settings
Using 'Jingwei' while ordering food or chatting with friends might sound overly poetic or pretentious.
Roots in Classical Philosophy
The term is linked to the Confucian ideal of 'attaining the broad and great while exhausting the subtle and minute' (致广大而尽精微).
Examples
4 of 4这里的义理十分精微，需要反复研读才能领会。
The principles here are very subtle and profound; they require repeated study to grasp.
这件艺术品展现了作者精微的构思。
This piece of art demonstrates the author's intricate conception.
通过显微镜，我们可以观察到细胞内部精微的结构。
Through a microscope, we can observe the delicate internal structures of cells.
他体察精微，总能发现别人忽略的细节。
He observes with extreme subtlety and always finds details others overlook.
Related Content
This Word in Other Languages
Related Vocabulary
More general words
一下儿
A1a bit, a moment
点儿
A1a little bit
有点儿
A1a little, somewhat (negative connotation)
一下
A2A bit; a moment (used after a verb).
异样
B1different; unusual; strange
关于
A1about, concerning
快要
A2to be about to (happen)
大约
B1Used to show that a number or amount is not exact; approximately.
上边
A2above, on top
上面
A1on, above, over
