A1 形容词 1 min read 简单

Adjective Agreement: Gender & Number

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

In Bulgarian, adjectives must match the gender and number of the noun they describe by changing their ending.

  • Masculine nouns take -и or -ят (e.g., 'хубав човек').
  • Feminine nouns take -а (e.g., 'хубава жена').
  • Neuter nouns take -о (e.g., 'хубаво дете').
Adjective Ending + Noun = Agreement ✅

Adjective Agreement Table

Gender/Number Ending Example (Base: хубав)
Masculine Singular
-Ø
хубав
Feminine Singular
-а
хубава
Neuter Singular
-о
хубаво
Plural (All)
-и
хубави

Meanings

Adjective agreement is the grammatical process where an adjective changes its suffix to reflect the gender (masculine, feminine, neuter) and number (singular, plural) of the noun it modifies.

1

Attributive Agreement

When an adjective directly precedes a noun.

“Той има нов автомобил.”

“Тя носи синя рокля.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Adjective Agreement: Gender & Number
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Adj + Noun
Това е голяма къща.
Negative
Не е + Adj + Noun
Това не е голяма къща.
Question
Това ли е + Adj + Noun?
Това ли е голяма къща?
Plural
Adj + Noun
Това са големи къщи.
Definite
Adj + Noun + Article
Голямата къща е тук.
Negated Question
Не е ли + Adj + Noun?
Не е ли голяма къща?

正式程度

正式
Къщата е голяма.

Къщата е голяма. (Describing a house)

中性
Къщата е голяма.

Къщата е голяма. (Describing a house)

非正式
Къщата е голяма.

Къщата е голяма. (Describing a house)

俚语
Къщата е яка.

Къщата е яка. (Describing a house)

Gender Agreement Map

Adjective

Masculine

  • хубав nice

Feminine

  • хубава nice

Neuter

  • хубаво nice

Plural

  • хубави nice

按水平分级的例句

1

Това е хубав стол.

This is a nice chair.

2

Тя е хубава жена.

She is a beautiful woman.

3

Това е хубаво дете.

This is a nice child.

4

Те са хубави хора.

They are nice people.

1

Купих нова кола.

I bought a new car.

2

Той има стар телефон.

He has an old phone.

3

Днес е слънчево време.

Today is sunny weather.

4

Имам големи планове.

I have big plans.

1

Тя носи червена рокля.

She is wearing a red dress.

2

Това е интересен филм.

This is an interesting movie.

3

Виждам малки деца в парка.

I see small children in the park.

4

Той е много добър учител.

He is a very good teacher.

1

Това е изключително трудна задача.

This is an extremely difficult task.

2

Имаме сериозни проблеми тук.

We have serious problems here.

3

Това е най-красивото място.

This is the most beautiful place.

4

Тя е изключително интелигентна жена.

She is an extremely intelligent woman.

1

Това е фундаментално погрешно твърдение.

This is a fundamentally wrong statement.

2

Наблюдаваме значителни икономически промени.

We are observing significant economic changes.

3

Той притежава забележителна аналитична мисъл.

He possesses a remarkable analytical mind.

4

Това са сложни философски въпроси.

These are complex philosophical questions.

1

Това е метафизично неразрешим проблем.

This is a metaphysically unsolvable problem.

2

Тя демонстрира изтънчена естетическа чувствителност.

She demonstrates a refined aesthetic sensitivity.

3

Това е парадоксално явление в съвременната лингвистика.

This is a paradoxical phenomenon in modern linguistics.

4

Тези исторически събития са необратими.

These historical events are irreversible.

容易混淆

Adjective Agreement: Gender & Number 对比 Masculine vs Neuter

Learners often mix up -о and -Ø endings.

Adjective Agreement: Gender & Number 对比 Singular vs Plural

Learners forget the plural -и.

Adjective Agreement: Gender & Number 对比 Adjective vs Adverb

Learners use the neuter adjective as an adverb.

常见错误

✗

хубав жена

✓

хубава жена

Feminine noun needs feminine ending.
✗

хубаво хора

✓

хубави хора

Plural needs -и.
✗

хубава дете

✓

хубаво дете

Neuter noun needs -о.
✗

хубав кола

✓

хубава кола

Feminine noun needs -а.
✗

голям къщи

✓

големи къщи

Plural requires -и.
✗

новата стол

✓

новият стол

Definite article must match masculine.
✗

старо мъж

✓

стар мъж

Masculine doesn't take -о.
✗

интересни книга

✓

интересна книга

Singular feminine doesn't take -и.
✗

добрият жена

✓

добрата жена

Definite article must match feminine.
✗

големият деца

✓

големите деца

Plural definite article is -те.
✗

високият планини

✓

високите планини

Plural definite article is -те.
✗

сложни въпрос

✓

сложен въпрос

Singular masculine.
✗

красивият цветя

✓

красивите цветя

Plural definite.

句型

Това е ___ ___.

Тя има ___ ___.

Те са ___ ___.

Това е много ___ ___.

Real World Usage

Social Media constant

Страхотна снимка!

Texting very common

Имам нова идея.

Job Interview common

Имам голям опит.

Travel common

Къде е най-близката спирка?

Food Delivery common

Искам голяма пица.

Email common

Уважаеми господине,

💡

Group Nouns

Group nouns by gender in your vocabulary list to learn them faster.
⚠️

Don't Guess

Always check the noun's ending if you are unsure of its gender.
🎯

Listen for -и

If you hear -и, it is almost certainly plural.
💬

Be Polite

Using correct agreement makes you sound more educated.

Smart Tips

Identify the gender immediately.

хубав кола → хубава кола

Always use -и.

хубав хора → хубави хора

Check the noun's ending.

хубав дете → хубаво дете

Double-check your adjective endings.

голям къща → голяма къща

发音

ah-oh-ee

Vowel reduction

Unstressed vowels may sound slightly different.

Declarative

Къщата е голяма. ↘

Falling intonation for statements.

记住它

记忆技巧

Remember the 'A-O-I' rule: A for feminine (like 'mama'), O for neuter (like 'oko'), I for plural (like 'idiots').

视觉联想

Imagine a giant 'A' wearing a dress, a round 'O' looking like a baby, and a crowd of 'I's standing together.

Rhyme

Masculine stays plain and free, Feminine adds an A for she, Neuter gets an O so round, Plural I is always found.

Story

A tall man (masculine) walks alone. A beautiful woman (feminine) wears an 'A' necklace. A small child (neuter) plays with an 'O' ball. They all meet a group of friends (plural) who shout 'I! I! I!'

Word Web

хубавголяммалъкстарновдобърлош

挑战

Look around your room and describe 5 objects using the correct gender agreement.

文化笔记

Bulgarians value directness. Using the correct gender shows respect for the language.

Bulgarian adjective agreement is inherited from Proto-Slavic.

对话开场白

“

Каква е твоята кола?

“

Какъв е твоят град?

“

Кой е любимият ти филм?

“

Какви са твоите планове?

日记主题

Describe your best friend.
Describe your favorite city.
What is a perfect day for you?
Describe a difficult task you finished.

常见错误

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Test Yourself

Fill in the correct ending.

Това е хубав___ стол.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: d
Masculine singular takes no ending.
Choose the correct sentence. 多项选择

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
Feminine noun needs -а.
Fix the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Това е хубаво дете.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
It is already correct.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Standard word order.
Translate to Bulgarian. 翻译

This is a big house.

Answer starts with: b...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
Feminine agreement.
Match noun to adjective. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct gender match.
Conjugate 'стар' for plural. Conjugation Drill

стар -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: c
Plural is -и.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

Use: малък, град

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Masculine agreement.

Score: /8

练习题

8 exercises
Fill in the correct ending.

Това е хубав___ стол.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: d
Masculine singular takes no ending.
Choose the correct sentence. 多项选择

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
Feminine noun needs -а.
Fix the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Това е хубаво дете.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
It is already correct.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

кола / нова / това / е

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Standard word order.
Translate to Bulgarian. 翻译

This is a big house.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
Feminine agreement.
Match noun to adjective. Match Pairs

Match: стол, жена, дете

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct gender match.
Conjugate 'стар' for plural. Conjugation Drill

стар -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: c
Plural is -и.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

Use: малък, град

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Masculine agreement.

Score: /8

常见问题 (8)

They change to match the noun's gender and number.

Look at the noun's ending: -а/-я (fem), -о/-е (neut), consonant (masc).

Yes, for all genders.

Yes, it is standard in all communication.

It takes practice, but the patterns are very consistent.

The agreement remains, but the noun gets an extra suffix.

Very few, mostly with loanwords.

Describe objects around you in Bulgarian.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish partial

Concordancia de género y número

Bulgarian has a neuter gender; Spanish does not.

French partial

Accord de l'adjectif

Bulgarian agreement is always audible.

German moderate

Adjektivdeklination

German agreement depends on case; Bulgarian does not.

Japanese none

None

Japanese has no grammatical gender.

Arabic partial

Tabaqiyya

Arabic agreement is much more complex.

Chinese none

None

Chinese has no agreement system.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Next
Position of Adjectives (Before/After Noun)

Related Grammar Rules

A1

Common Adjectives (Обикновени прилагателни)
A1

Position of Adjectives (Before/After Noun)
A1

Adjectives with Definite Article
A1

Adjectives as Predicates
A1

Colors (Цветове)
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