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Accusative Case for Direct Objects (Singular Nouns)

Change the article and drop the masculine '-ς' to show a noun is receiving the action.
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

The Accusative case marks the receiver of an action; in Greek, nouns change their ending to show they are the object.

  • Masculine nouns ending in -ος become -ο: ο φίλος -> βλέπω τον φίλο.
  • Feminine nouns ending in -η/-α become -η/-α: η γάτα -> βλέπω τη γάτα.
  • Neuter nouns ending in -ο stay the same: το παιδί -> βλέπω το παιδί.
Subject + Verb + [Noun in Accusative]

Overview

Welcome to the world of Greek cases! Think of cases as costumes for your words. In English, we mostly rely on word order to understand who is doing what.
In Greek, we change the endings of words. The Accusative case is your go-to tool for direct objects. It tells your listener exactly who or what is receiving the action.
If you want to order a coffee or find a friend, you need this case. It is the most common case you will use in daily life. Don't worry, it is much simpler than it sounds.
Once you master the singular forms, you will unlock thousands of sentences.

How This Grammar Works

Imagine a sentence like
The boy hits the ball.
The boy is the subject (Nominative). The ball is the direct object (Accusative). In Greek, the word for ball changes its article and sometimes its ending.
This shows it is the one being hit. It is like a grammar traffic light. It tells the brain: "Stop!
This noun is the target of the verb." Most verbs in Greek require the Accusative case for their objects. If you are talking about having something, wanting something, or seeing someone, use Accusative. Yes, even native speakers mess this up sometimes when they are tired!
Just remember that the object gets the costume change.

Formation Pattern

1
Changing a noun to the Accusative case follows a simple three-step logic.
2
Identify the gender of your noun (Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter).
3
Change the definite article from ο, η, το to τον, την, το.
4
Adjust the noun ending if it is masculine.
5
For Masculine nouns ending in -ος, -ας, or -ης, you simply drop the final -ς. For example, ο καφές (the coffee) becomes τον καφέ. Feminine and Neuter nouns are even easier. Their endings usually stay exactly the same as the Nominative form. Only the article for feminine nouns changes from η to την. Neuter nouns are the best friends of learners. Both the article το and the noun ending stay identical. It is like they are wearing a permanent uniform!

When To Use It

Use the Accusative case whenever a noun is the direct object. This happens after verbs like έχω (I have), θέλω (I want), and κάνω (I do/make). You will also use it after almost all prepositions.
The most common one is σε (to/in/at). When you combine σε with the article, it becomes στον, στην, or στο. Use this when you are going to the office or looking for the keys.
If you are ordering food, you are using the Accusative. If you are describing your day, you are using the Accusative. It is the workhorse of the Greek language.
Think of it as the action receiver mode.

When Not To Use It

There is one major trap to avoid: the verb to be (είμαι). In English, we say It is him, but in Greek, we stay in the Nominative. After είμαι, you never use the Accusative.
For example,
I am a doctor
stays Είμαι γιατρός, not the accusative form. Also, if the noun is the one performing the action, keep it in the Nominative. The subject is the boss; the object is the employee.
Don't mix up their roles! Another time to avoid it is when you are simply naming things. If you point at a map and say Athens, use the Nominative η Αθήνα.

Common Mistakes

The biggest hurdle for English speakers is the masculine -ς. We are so used to names like Νίκος or Κώστας that we forget to drop the -ς. Saying Βλέπω τον Νίκος sounds very strange to a Greek ear. It should be Βλέπω τον Νίκο. Another common slip is the Final N rule. Learners often forget the ν at the end of τον and την. While modern Greek is relaxing these rules, τον almost always keeps its ν. For feminine την, we keep the ν if the next word starts with a vowel or certain consonants. If you forget, don't panic! People will still understand your order for a σουβλάκι.

Contrast With Similar Patterns

In English, we only see this change in pronouns. We say I see him, not I see he. Greek does this for every single noun. Compared to the Genitive case (which shows possession), the Accusative is much more straightforward.
While the Genitive focuses on whose, the Accusative focuses on what. If you know Spanish or German, you might recognize this concept. However, Greek is more consistent with its neuter nouns than German is. In Greek, if it is neuter, the Nominative and Accusative are always twins.
This makes your life much easier when talking about objects like το σπίτι (the house).

Quick FAQ

Q

Do I always need an article?

Usually, yes. Greek loves articles more than a cat loves a cardboard box.

Q

Does the adjective change too?

Yes! Adjectives must match the noun they describe in case, gender, and number.

Q

What about names?

Names are nouns too! Ο Γιώργος becomes τον Γιώργο when he is the object.

Q

Is the word order flexible?

Yes, because the case endings tell us who is who. You can technically move words around more than in English.

Accusative Singular Formation

Gender Nominative Accusative Article Change
Masculine
ο φίλος
τον φίλο
ο -> τον
Feminine
η γάτα
τη γάτα
η -> τη
Neuter
το παιδί
το παιδί
το -> το

Meanings

The Accusative case is used to identify the direct object of a transitive verb. It answers the question 'whom?' or 'what?'

1

Direct Object

The entity receiving the action of the verb.

“Διαβάζω το βιβλίο.”

“Αγαπώ τη Μαρία.”

2

Direction/Destination

Used with prepositions to indicate movement towards a place.

“Πηγαίνω στην Αθήνα.”

“Μπαίνω στο σπίτι.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Accusative Case for Direct Objects (Singular Nouns)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Subject + Verb + Accusative
Εγώ βλέπω τον φίλο.
Negative
Subject + δεν + Verb + Accusative
Εγώ δεν βλέπω τον φίλο.
Question
Verb + Subject + Accusative?
Βλέπεις τον φίλο;
Short Answer
Yes/No + Accusative
Ναι, τον βλέπω.
Prepositional
Verb + Prep + Accusative
Πάω στο σπίτι.

フォーマル度スペクトル

フォーマル
Βλέπω τον κύριο.

Βλέπω τον κύριο. (Social)

ニュートラル
Βλέπω τον άντρα.

Βλέπω τον άντρα. (Social)

カジュアル
Βλέπω τον τύπο.

Βλέπω τον τύπο. (Social)

スラング
Τσεκάρω τον τύπο.

Τσεκάρω τον τύπο. (Social)

Accusative Usage

Accusative Case

Usage

  • Direct Object Receiver of action
  • Direction Movement to place

レベル別の例文

1

Τρώω το μήλο.

I eat the apple.

2

Βλέπω τον φίλο.

I see the friend.

1

Αγοράζω τη γάτα.

I buy the cat.

2

Πηγαίνω στο σπίτι.

I go to the house.

1

Περιμένω τον δάσκαλο.

I am waiting for the teacher.

2

Διαβάζω το βιβλίο.

I am reading the book.

1

Επισκέπτομαι την Αθήνα.

I am visiting Athens.

2

Παρακολουθώ τον αγώνα.

I am watching the match.

1

Αναλύω το πρόβλημα.

I am analyzing the problem.

2

Σχεδιάζω το μέλλον.

I am planning the future.

1

Διαχειρίζομαι τον κίνδυνο.

I manage the risk.

2

Κατανοώ την έννοια.

I understand the concept.

間違えやすい

Accusative Case for Direct Objects (Singular Nouns) 対 Nominative vs Accusative

Both can look similar.

よくある間違い

✗

Βλέπω ο φίλος

✓

Βλέπω τον φίλο

Forgot to change article and ending.
✗

Πηγαίνω στο σπίτιος

✓

Πηγαίνω στο σπίτι

Over-applying the -ο ending.
✗

Αγαπώ η Μαρία

✓

Αγαπώ τη Μαρία

Forgot to change the feminine article.

文型パターン

Βλέπω ___.

Real World Usage

Ordering food constant

Θέλω τον καφέ.

💡

Focus on the Article

If you forget the noun ending, the article usually gives it away.

Smart Tips

Always check for the object.

Βλέπω ο σκύλος. → Βλέπω τον σκύλο.

発音

ton

Nasalization

The 'ν' in 'τον' is often pronounced lightly.

Statement

Βλέπω τον φίλο ↘

Neutral declaration.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Remember 'Accusative' as 'Action-sative'—the case for the target of your action.

視覚的連想

Imagine a ball being thrown. The person throwing is the Nominative (Subject), and the ball being hit is the Accusative (Object).

Rhyme

When the object is in view, change the ending to an O.

Story

Maria (Subject) loves her cat (Object). She feeds the cat (Object). She plays with the cat (Object). Every time she interacts with the cat, the cat is in the Accusative.

Word Web

βλέπωτρώωαγαπώτοντητο

チャレンジ

Write 5 sentences about things you see in your room using the Accusative.

文化メモ

Greeks often drop the article in very casual speech, but learners should keep it for clarity.

Derived from Ancient Greek accusative case.

会話のきっかけ

“

Τι βλέπεις;

日記のテーマ

Describe your breakfast.

よくある間違い

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

Βλέπω ___ (ο φίλος).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: τον φίλο
Masculine accusative requires 'τον' and '-ο'.

Score: /1

練習問題

1 exercises
Fill in the blank.

Βλέπω ___ (ο φίλος).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: τον φίλο
Masculine accusative requires 'τον' and '-ο'.

Score: /1

よくある質問 (1)

No, neuter nouns stay the same.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

Direct object

Greek uses case endings; Spanish uses prepositions.

French moderate

COD

Word order is fixed in French.

German high

Akkusativ

German has more complex gender-based article changes.

Japanese partial

を (wo)

Greek changes the noun/article; Japanese adds a marker.

Arabic high

Mansoub

Arabic endings are vowel-based suffixes.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Nominative Case for Subjects (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
Next
Weak Personal Pronouns in Accusative (me, se, ton)

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