C1 Expression Formal 6 min read

It follows that

Academic essay writing expression

Literally: The conclusion comes after the fact

In 15 Seconds

  • A logical bridge between two connected ideas.
  • Used to show an unavoidable conclusion.
  • Best for formal writing and academic essays.
  • Requires a full clause (subject + verb) after.

Meaning

This phrase acts as a solid logical bridge between two ideas. It signals that because the first statement is true, the second statement is an unavoidable conclusion. It carries a vibe of intellectual authority and undeniable logic, like a detective closing a case.

Key Examples

3 of 10
1

Writing a university thesis

The experiment failed consistently; it follows that the hypothesis was incorrect.

The experiment failed consistently; it follows that the hypothesis was incorrect.

<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 13.255A23.931 23.931 0 0112 15c-3.183 0-6.22-.62-9-1.745M16 6V4a2 2 0 00-2-2h-4a2 2 0 00-2 2v2m4 6h.01M5 20h14a2 2 0 002-2V8a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v10a2 2 0 002 2z"/></svg>
2

In a business meeting

Our competitors lowered their prices, so it follows that we must do the same to stay relevant.

Our competitors lowered their prices, so it follows that we must do the same to stay relevant.

<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 13.255A23.931 23.931 0 0112 15c-3.183 0-6.22-.62-9-1.745M16 6V4a2 2 0 00-2-2h-4a2 2 0 00-2 2v2m4 6h.01M5 20h14a2 2 0 002-2V8a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v10a2 2 0 002 2z"/></svg>
3

Texting a friend about a movie

He was in London during the murder, so it follows that he couldn't be the killer!

He was in London during the murder, so it follows that he couldn't be the killer!

<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M14.828 14.828a4 4 0 01-5.656 0M9 10h.01M15 10h.01M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z"/></svg>
🌍

Cultural Background

In British universities, 'it follows that' is a staple of the 'tutorial' system. Students are expected to use it to show they can follow a chain of reasoning from primary sources to a conclusion. U.S. judges often use this phrase in written 'opinions' to explain how they reached a verdict based on existing laws and precedents. In international research papers, this phrase acts as a universal signal for a logical derivation, helping non-native speakers follow the 'math' of the argument. French education (the 'dissertation' style) heavily emphasizes logical structure. French learners of English often use 'it follows that' more frequently than native speakers because it mirrors their native 'il s'ensuit que'.

🎯

The Semicolon Secret

In formal writing, always use a semicolon before 'it follows that' if it's connecting two independent sentences. It makes you look like a grammar expert.

⚠️

Don't be a Robot

Avoid using this in text messages or casual chats. It can come across as cold or condescending.

In 15 Seconds

  • A logical bridge between two connected ideas.
  • Used to show an unavoidable conclusion.
  • Best for formal writing and academic essays.
  • Requires a full clause (subject + verb) after.

What It Means

Imagine you are building a Lego tower. You place a blue block, then a red one. If you put a heavy yellow block on top of a tiny green one, it will fall. It follows that is the linguistic version of that gravity. It tells your reader that one thing leads directly to another. It is more than just saying so or therefore. It implies a formal, logical necessity. In logic, we call this a 'deduction'. If the starting facts are correct, the result must be true. It has an air of 'I have thought this through'. It is very satisfying to use. It makes you sound like a professor in a tweed jacket. Even if you are just wearing pajamas.

How To Use It

You usually see this phrase at the start of a sentence. It connects a previous point to a new conclusion. You first state a fact or a 'premise'. Then you drop it follows that to reveal the result. For example: 'The app is crashing for everyone. It follows that our latest update has a bug.' You can also use it in the middle of a longer sentence. Use a semicolon before it for extra style points. It always needs a full clause after it. That means you need a subject and a verb following that. It is like a pointing finger. It says, 'Look here at the obvious result!'. Don't use it for random guesses. Use it when the logic is tight like a drum.

Formality & Register

This is a high-level, formal expression. You will find it in academic essays and legal documents. It is a staple of C1 and C2 level English. Scientific journals love it. However, you can use it in professional emails to sound persuasive. In casual conversation, it might sound a bit 'extra'. If you tell a friend, 'You are hungry; it follows that we should eat,' they might laugh. It sounds a bit like a robot trying to be human. But in a job interview? It is gold. It shows you have an analytical mind. It proves you can connect the dots. Use it when you want to be taken seriously. Avoid it when you are just gossiping about a TV show.

Real-Life Examples

Look at a terms and conditions page. You might see: 'The user has violated the rules; it follows that the account will be banned.' In a university lecture, a professor might say: 'The data shows a rise in temperature. It follows that the ice will melt faster.' Think about a tech support chat. 'Your router is off; it follows that your Wi-Fi won't work.' It appears in debate scripts and political speeches too. It is used to trap opponents in their own logic. If they agree to step A, they must agree to step B. It is a powerful tool for persuasion. Even ChatGPT uses it when explaining complex math problems. It is the language of clarity.

When To Use It

Use it when you are writing an essay for school. It is perfect for the 'discussion' or 'conclusion' sections. Use it when you are explaining a complex process at work. It helps your boss follow your reasoning. It is great for responding to a logical argument on a forum. If someone says something flawed, you can use it to show the correct result. Use it when the connection between two ideas is absolute. If there is no room for doubt, this is your phrase. It is also useful in programming documentation. If 'X' is true, then 'Y' happens. It creates a clear path for the reader's brain to follow.

When NOT To Use It

Do not use it for emotional or personal opinions. If you say, 'I love cats; it follows that everyone should have one,' the logic fails. People have different tastes! Logic isn't about feelings. Do not use it when the result is just a guess. If you aren't sure, use maybe or perhaps instead. Avoid it in casual texts like 'U up? It follows that we should hang out.' That is just weird. Also, don't use it too often in one paragraph. It starts to sound repetitive and annoying. It is like a strong spice. A little goes a long way. Use it once or twice to make a point, then stop.

Common Mistakes

It follows to that we are late. It follows that we are late.
From this, follows that the price will rise. From this, it follows that the price will rise.
It follows that because... It follows that... (Don't double up on conjunctions!)

One common error is forgetting the it. You can't just say 'Follows that...'. English needs that 'dummy subject'. Another mistake is using it for things that don't actually follow. If your premises are weak, your it follows that will look silly. It is like trying to bridge a gap with a piece of wet spaghetti. Make sure your logic is solid before you try to bridge it. Also, remember that that is mandatory here. You can't skip it like you sometimes do with 'I think (that)'.

Common Variations

If you want to mix things up, try therefore. It is the most common synonym. Consequently is another great formal choice. If you want to sound even more 'lawyerly', use hence. For a more modern vibe, try so, naturally.... In math, people use thus. If you want to be a bit more conversational, say it stands to reason that. This implies the conclusion is just common sense. Accordingly is good for business reports. If you are writing a script, you might use ergo if the character is a bit of a nerd. Each of these has a slightly different flavor. It follows that remains the king of pure logic.

Real Conversations

T

Tutor

If the square root of 4 is 2, and x is the square root of 4...
S

Student

Then it follows that x is 2?
T

Tutor

Exactly! You've got the logic down.
M

Manager

Our sales are down by 50% this month.
E

Employee

It follows that we need to change our marketing strategy immediately.
M

Manager

I agree. Let's set up a meeting for Monday.

Friend A: You've been playing that game for twelve hours straight.

Friend B: It follows that I am now a level 90 wizard. Fear me.

Friend A: It actually follows that you need a shower and some sunlight.

Quick FAQ

Is it the same as therefore? Mostly, yes. But it follows that emphasizes the process of logic more than just the result. Can I start a paragraph with it? Yes, if the previous paragraph set up the premise. Is it too formal for an email? Not if it's a serious business email. Can I use it in British English? Absolutely, it is common in all standard English varieties. Does it work with past tense? Yes! 'He lied; it follows that he was guilty.' The logic works in any timeframe. Is it a 'red flag' in writing? No, it's actually a 'green flag' for academic clarity!

Usage Notes

Use this phrase primarily in formal writing or structured debates. Ensure your premises are strong, as the phrase implies an absolute logical necessity that can be challenged if your initial facts are weak.

🎯

The Semicolon Secret

In formal writing, always use a semicolon before 'it follows that' if it's connecting two independent sentences. It makes you look like a grammar expert.

⚠️

Don't be a Robot

Avoid using this in text messages or casual chats. It can come across as cold or condescending.

💡

Use for Persuasion

When trying to convince someone, get them to agree to a small fact first, then use 'it follows that' to lead them to your main point.

💬

Academic Standard

If you are writing an IELTS or TOEFL essay, using this phrase correctly can significantly boost your 'Cohesion and Coherence' score.

Examples

10
#1 Writing a university thesis
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 13.255A23.931 23.931 0 0112 15c-3.183 0-6.22-.62-9-1.745M16 6V4a2 2 0 00-2-2h-4a2 2 0 00-2 2v2m4 6h.01M5 20h14a2 2 0 002-2V8a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v10a2 2 0 002 2z"/></svg>

The experiment failed consistently; it follows that the hypothesis was incorrect.

The experiment failed consistently; it follows that the hypothesis was incorrect.

A classic academic use to dismiss a theory based on evidence.

#2 In a business meeting
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 13.255A23.931 23.931 0 0112 15c-3.183 0-6.22-.62-9-1.745M16 6V4a2 2 0 00-2-2h-4a2 2 0 00-2 2v2m4 6h.01M5 20h14a2 2 0 002-2V8a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v10a2 2 0 002 2z"/></svg>

Our competitors lowered their prices, so it follows that we must do the same to stay relevant.

Our competitors lowered their prices, so it follows that we must do the same to stay relevant.

Used here to justify a necessary business decision.

#3 Texting a friend about a movie
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M14.828 14.828a4 4 0 01-5.656 0M9 10h.01M15 10h.01M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z"/></svg>

He was in London during the murder, so it follows that he couldn't be the killer!

He was in London during the murder, so it follows that he couldn't be the killer!

Using logic to solve a mystery in a casual chat.

#4 Instagram caption for a fitness post
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M14.828 14.828a4 4 0 01-5.656 0M9 10h.01M15 10h.01M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z"/></svg>

I worked out for 30 days straight, so it follows that I deserve this giant pizza.

I worked out for 30 days straight, so it follows that I deserve this giant pizza.

A humorous take on logical rewards.

#5 Discussing a breakup
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M4.318 6.318a4.5 4.5 0 000 6.364L12 20.364l7.682-7.682a4.5 4.5 0 00-6.364-6.364L12 7.636l-1.318-1.318a4.5 4.5 0 00-6.364 0z"/></svg>

She stopped answering his calls, and it follows that the relationship is effectively over.

She stopped answering his calls, and it follows that the relationship is effectively over.

A sad but logical observation of a social situation.

#6 A logic puzzle
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 13.255A23.931 23.931 0 0112 15c-3.183 0-6.22-.62-9-1.745M16 6V4a2 2 0 00-2-2h-4a2 2 0 00-2 2v2m4 6h.01M5 20h14a2 2 0 002-2V8a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v10a2 2 0 002 2z"/></svg>

All men are mortal and Socrates is a man; it follows that Socrates is mortal.

All men are mortal and Socrates is a man; it follows that Socrates is mortal.

The most famous example of a syllogism in history.

#7 Explaining a tech bug
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 13.255A23.931 23.931 0 0112 15c-3.183 0-6.22-.62-9-1.745M16 6V4a2 2 0 00-2-2h-4a2 2 0 00-2 2v2m4 6h.01M5 20h14a2 2 0 002-2V8a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v10a2 2 0 002 2z"/></svg>

The server is down for maintenance, so it follows that the website is currently inaccessible.

The server is down for maintenance, so it follows that the website is currently inaccessible.

Clear cause-and-effect explanation.

Correcting a language learner Common Mistake
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 13.255A23.931 23.931 0 0112 15c-3.183 0-6.22-.62-9-1.745M16 6V4a2 2 0 00-2-2h-4a2 2 0 00-2 2v2m4 6h.01M5 20h14a2 2 0 002-2V8a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v10a2 2 0 002 2z"/></svg>

✗ It follows to that he is happy. → ✓ It follows that he is happy.

✗ It follows to that he is happy. → ✓ It follows that he is happy.

Never use 'to' after 'follows' in this specific expression.

Correcting a grammatical error Common Mistake
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 13.255A23.931 23.931 0 0112 15c-3.183 0-6.22-.62-9-1.745M16 6V4a2 2 0 00-2-2h-4a2 2 0 00-2 2v2m4 6h.01M5 20h14a2 2 0 002-2V8a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v10a2 2 0 002 2z"/></svg>

✗ Following that the store is closed. → ✓ It follows that the store is closed.

✗ Following that the store is closed. → ✓ It follows that the store is closed.

You need the dummy subject 'it' for the phrase to be grammatically complete.

#10 A sarcastic remark to a roommate
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M14.828 14.828a4 4 0 01-5.656 0M9 10h.01M15 10h.01M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z"/></svg>

You haven't washed a dish in a month; it follows that the sink is now a biohazard.

You haven't washed a dish in a month; it follows that the sink is now a biohazard.

Using formal logic for a funny, exaggerated complaint.

Test Yourself

Complete the sentence with the correct formal phrase.

The witness was not present at the scene; ________ that her account is based on hearsay.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: it follows that

The full phrase 'it follows that' is needed to introduce the subordinate clause.

Which sentence uses the phrase in the most appropriate register?

Select the best option:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The theorem has been proven; it follows that all subsequent calculations are correct.

This phrase is best suited for formal, logical, or scientific contexts.

Fill in the missing line in this formal debate.

Speaker A: 'The company's revenue has dropped for four consecutive quarters.' Speaker B: '____________________________________'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: It follows that our current strategy is ineffective.

Speaker B's conclusion must be a logical result of the fact stated by Speaker A.

Match the premise to the logical conclusion using 'it follows that'.

Premise: All mammals breathe air. A whale is a mammal.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: It follows that whales breathe air.

This is a classic syllogism where the conclusion must be true if the premises are true.

🎉 Score: /4

Visual Learning Aids

Logical Connectors by Formality

👔

Formal

  • It follows that
  • Consequently
  • Ergo
😐

Neutral

  • Therefore
  • Thus
  • As a result
👕

Informal

  • So
  • That's why
  • Which means

Practice Bank

4 exercises
Complete the sentence with the correct formal phrase. Fill Blank B2

The witness was not present at the scene; ________ that her account is based on hearsay.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: it follows that

The full phrase 'it follows that' is needed to introduce the subordinate clause.

Which sentence uses the phrase in the most appropriate register? Choose C1

Select the best option:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The theorem has been proven; it follows that all subsequent calculations are correct.

This phrase is best suited for formal, logical, or scientific contexts.

Fill in the missing line in this formal debate. dialogue_completion B2

Speaker A: 'The company's revenue has dropped for four consecutive quarters.' Speaker B: '____________________________________'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: It follows that our current strategy is ineffective.

Speaker B's conclusion must be a logical result of the fact stated by Speaker A.

Match the premise to the logical conclusion using 'it follows that'. situation_matching B1

Premise: All mammals breathe air. A whale is a mammal.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: It follows that whales breathe air.

This is a classic syllogism where the conclusion must be true if the premises are true.

🎉 Score: /4

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

Yes, but only if the paragraph is a direct logical continuation of the previous one. It's a great way to show deep connection between ideas.

The meaning is the same, but the 'vibe' is different. 'So' is casual; 'It follows that' is formal and implies a strict logical proof.

In formal writing, yes. Omitting 'that' (e.g., 'It follows he is wrong') is common in speech but considered poor style in academic writing.

Rarely. We usually say 'It followed that...' when describing a past logical process, but 'It follows that' is much more common for general truths.

It depends on the recipient. To a client or a senior manager, it's fine. To a close colleague, it might be too much.

'It follows that' is followed by a clause (subject + verb). 'It follows from' is followed by a noun (the source of the logic).

Yes, it is used in all major varieties of English, primarily in formal and academic contexts.

Absolutely. It is one of the most common phrases used to describe results and conclusions in science.

It can, if used for simple things. Use it for complex ideas to sound intelligent; use it for 'where to eat lunch' to sound like a jerk.

'Consequently' or 'Therefore' are excellent synonyms that are slightly less 'heavy'.

Related Phrases

🔄

Therefore

synonym

For that reason.

🔗

Consequently

similar

As a result.

🔗

It stands to reason that

similar

It is logical to assume.

🔗

Ergo

specialized form

Therefore (Latin).

🔗

By extension

builds on

Taking the logic one step further.

🔗

Which implies that

similar

Suggesting a logical consequence.

Was this helpful?

Comments (0)

Login to Comment
No comments yet. Be the first to share your thoughts!