اخیرا in 30 Seconds
- A versatile adverb meaning 'recently' or 'lately'.
- Used to specify actions or events in the near past.
- Common in both spoken and written Persian across various contexts.
- Pairs well with past and perfect tenses to indicate recent occurrences.
The Persian adverb 'اخیرا' (akhiran) translates directly to 'recently' or 'lately' in English. It's a very common word used to indicate that an action or event has happened in the near past, not too long ago. Think of it as a temporal marker that places an event in the recent past, distinguishing it from things that happened a long time ago or are happening right now.
You'll hear 'اخیرا' used in a wide variety of contexts, from casual conversations about daily life to more formal discussions about news, events, or personal updates. It's a versatile word that helps to specify the timing of something without needing to give an exact date or time. For instance, if you want to say that you have seen a movie recently, you would use 'اخیرا'. Similarly, if someone has started a new job, you might say they got it 'اخیرا'.
The nuance of 'اخیرا' is that it implies a period of time that is close to the present, but not necessarily immediate. It can cover a span of days, weeks, or even a few months, depending on the context. It's important to distinguish it from adverbs like 'الان' (alan - now) or 'دیروز' (dirooz - yesterday), as 'اخیرا' suggests a slightly broader, more recent past.
Consider the feeling it conveys: it's about something that has become relevant or has occurred in the timeframe leading up to the present moment. It’s a way to update someone on happenings that are not entirely in the distant past but also not happening at this exact second. This makes it incredibly useful for storytelling, sharing news, or describing changes that have taken place recently.
- Usage Examples
- If your friend has started a new hobby, you might ask, 'What have you been doing lately?' In Persian, this could be: 'اخیرا چه کار میکنی؟' (Akhiran che kar mikoni?).
- If you've read an interesting article, you can say, 'I read an interesting article recently.' In Persian: 'من اخیرا یک مقاله جالب خواندم.' (Man akhiran yek maqaleh jaleb khandam.)
او اخیرا به ایران سفر کرده است.
'اخیرا' (akhiran) functions as an adverb in Persian, meaning it modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs to provide more information about them, typically concerning time. Its placement in a sentence can be quite flexible, but it most commonly appears at the beginning of the sentence or before the verb it modifies. This flexibility allows speakers to emphasize different parts of the sentence.
When placed at the beginning of a sentence, 'اخیرا' often serves to set the temporal context for the entire statement. For example, 'اخیرا هوا خیلی گرم شده است.' (Akhiran hava kheyli garm shodeh ast.) - 'The weather has become very hot recently.' Here, 'اخیرا' tells us that this change in weather is a recent phenomenon.
Alternatively, 'اخیرا' can be placed closer to the verb. For instance, 'من اخیرا یک کتاب خوب خواندهام.' (Man akhiran yek ketab khoob khandeh-am.) - 'I have recently read a good book.' In this structure, it emphasizes that the act of reading happened recently. Both positions are grammatically correct and commonly used.
It's crucial to understand that 'اخیرا' generally pairs with past tense verbs or perfect tenses to describe completed actions that occurred in the recent past. It can also be used with present continuous tenses to talk about ongoing activities that have started recently. For example, 'او اخیرا شروع به یادگیری زبان کرده است.' (Ou akhiran shoroo' be yadgiri-ye zaban kardeh ast.) - 'He/She has recently started learning the language.'
Using 'اخیرا' correctly helps to convey a precise sense of time in your Persian communication. It avoids vagueness and allows your listener or reader to place the event within a relevant recent timeframe. Pay attention to the verb tense used with 'اخیرا' to ensure your sentences are natural and accurate.
- Sentence Structures
- At the beginning: 'اخیرا، او خیلی خوشحال به نظر میرسد.' (Akhiran, ou kheyli khoshhal be nazar miresad.) - 'Recently, he/she seems very happy.'
- Before the verb: 'من اخیرا با او صحبت کردم.' (Man akhiran ba ou sohbat kardam.) - 'I spoke with him/her recently.'
- With present perfect: 'آنها اخیرا خانهای خریدهاند.' (Anha akhiran khaneh-i kharideh-and.) - 'They have recently bought a house.'
کتاب جدیدی اخیرا منتشر شده است.
You'll encounter 'اخیرا' (akhiran) in virtually every aspect of spoken and written Persian. It's a fundamental building block for discussing recent events and changes. Imagine listening to a news report; the anchor might say, 'اخیرا، تحولات مهمی در منطقه رخ داده است.' (Akhiran, tahavvolat-e mohemmi dar mantaqeh rokh dadeh ast.) - 'Recently, important developments have occurred in the region.' This highlights its prevalence in formal news dissemination.
In everyday conversations among friends and family, 'اخیرا' is used constantly. A friend might ask, 'اخیرا فیلم جدیدی دیدی؟' (Akhiran film-e jadidi didi?) - 'Have you seen any new movies recently?' Or perhaps, 'اخیرا چقدر پیشرفت کردهای!' (Akhiran cheqadr pishraft kardeh-i!) - 'How much you have progressed recently!' These casual exchanges demonstrate its natural integration into daily dialogue.
When discussing personal updates, 'اخیرا' is indispensable. If someone has started a new job, moved to a new city, or taken up a new hobby, they will likely use 'اخیرا' to describe these changes. For example, 'من اخیرا به تهران نقل مکان کردهام.' (Man akhiran be Tehran naql-e makan kardeh-am.) - 'I have recently moved to Tehran.' This shows how it's used to provide context for life events.
Even in more professional settings, like business meetings or academic discussions, 'اخیرا' is common. A researcher might present findings by saying, 'مطالعات اخیرا نشان دادهاند که...' (Motale'at-e akhiran neshan dadeh-and keh...) - 'Recent studies have shown that...' This illustrates its use in presenting current data and research.
The word is also prevalent in literature, social media posts, and any form of written communication where temporal context is important. It's a word that learners will quickly pick up because it's used so frequently across all registers of the Persian language, from informal chats to formal reports. Listening to Persian podcasts, watching Persian dramas, or reading Persian articles will expose you to 'اخیرا' repeatedly.
- Contextual Usage
- News Broadcasts: Reporting on recent events.
- Casual Conversations: Discussing personal updates, hobbies, or recent experiences.
- Academic/Professional Settings: Referencing recent research, developments, or projects.
- Literature and Media: Setting the time frame for narratives or discussions.
ما اخیرا پروژه جدیدی را شروع کردهایم.
One common mistake learners make with 'اخیرا' (akhiran) is using it interchangeably with words that indicate a more specific or distant past. For example, confusing it with 'دیروز' (dirooz - yesterday) or 'هفته پیش' (haftheh pish - last week). While 'اخیرا' means 'recently,' it doesn't pinpoint a specific day or week; it refers to a more general, recent period. Using 'اخیرا' when you mean 'yesterday' would be inaccurate.
Another pitfall is incorrect placement within the sentence. While Persian adverbs can be flexible, placing 'اخیرا' in a position that sounds unnatural can lead to confusion. For instance, placing it after a prepositional phrase that logically should come before it can disrupt the flow. It's generally best placed at the beginning of the sentence or before the main verb.
Learners might also misuse 'اخیرا' with verb tenses. It typically pairs with past tense, perfect tense, or present continuous tenses to denote recent actions or states. Using it with the simple present tense ('حال ساده') to describe a habitual action would be incorrect, as 'اخیرا' implies a change or an event that has started or occurred in the recent past, not something that is constantly happening.
A subtle error is overusing 'اخیرا' when a more specific adverb would be better. If an event happened precisely last month, saying 'ماه گذشته' (mah-e gozashteh) is more precise than 'اخیرا'. While 'اخیرا' is broad, sometimes specificity is required for clarity. Relying on 'اخیرا' too much can make your language sound vague.
Finally, be mindful of its subtle difference from words like 'اخیراً' (akhiran - with a tanvin, less common in modern spoken Persian but still seen in formal writing) or similar-sounding words. While the core meaning is the same, modern standard Persian often uses 'اخیرا' without the final tanvin in spoken and much of written contexts.
- Common Errors
- Confusing with specific past adverbs: Using 'اخیرا' when 'دیروز' (yesterday) or 'هفته پیش' (last week) is more appropriate.
- Incorrect tense pairing: Using 'اخیرا' with simple present tense for habitual actions.
- Imprecise usage: Using 'اخیرا' when a more specific temporal adverb is needed.
- Awkward sentence placement: Placing 'اخیرا' in a position that disrupts natural Persian sentence flow.
اشتباه: من دیروز اخیرا به سینما رفتم.
While 'اخیرا' (akhiran) is the most common and versatile adverb for 'recently' or 'lately,' there are other words and phrases that can convey similar meanings, sometimes with slight nuances. Understanding these alternatives helps in choosing the most precise word for a given context.
One close alternative is 'اخیراً' (akhiran, with a tanvin). Historically, this was more common, especially in formal writing, and it carries the same meaning of 'recently.' In modern spoken Persian and much of contemporary writing, 'اخیرا' (without the tanvin) is more prevalent. The choice between them often depends on stylistic preference or the formality of the context, with the version without tanvin being more common in everyday usage.
For a more specific recent past, you might use phrases like 'چند وقت پیش' (chand vaght pish), which translates to 'some time ago' or 'a while back.' This implies a slightly longer, though still recent, period than 'اخیرا.' For example, 'من چند وقت پیش او را دیدم.' (Man chand vaght pish ou ra didam.) - 'I saw him/her some time ago.'
When referring to a very specific recent past, like yesterday or last week, you would use 'دیروز' (dirooz - yesterday) or 'هفته پیش' (haftheh pish - last week), respectively. These are not direct synonyms for 'اخیرا' but are used when precision about the exact recent past is needed.
In some contexts, especially when talking about something that has just happened or is very immediate, 'الان' (alan - now) can be used, but this refers to the present moment, not the recent past. However, sometimes the transition from 'just now' to 'recently' can overlap in casual speech.
Consider the following comparison:
- Comparison Table
- اخیرا (Akhiran): Recently, lately. General recent past.
Example: 'من اخیرا یک کتاب خریدم.' (I recently bought a book.) - چند وقت پیش (Chand vaght pish): Some time ago, a while back. Slightly more distant recent past.
Example: 'او چند وقت پیش به اینجا آمد.' (He/She came here some time ago.) - دیروز (Dirooz): Yesterday. Specific past day.
Example: 'من دیروز او را دیدم.' (I saw him/her yesterday.) - اخیراً (Akhiran with tanvin): Same as 'اخیرا', more formal or literary.
Example: 'تحقیقات اخیراً نتایج جدیدی ارائه دادهاند.' (Recent research has presented new results.)
او چند وقت پیش به ما سر زد.
Examples by Level
سلام.
Hello.
خداحافظ.
Goodbye.
متشکرم.
Thank you.
لطفا.
Please.
بله.
Yes.
نه.
No.
من خوبم.
I am fine.
اسم من علی است.
My name is Ali.
من اخیرا یک کتاب جدید خریدم.
I recently bought a new book.
'اخیرا' (akhiran) is an adverb meaning 'recently'. It modifies the verb 'خریدم' (kharidam - I bought).
او اخیرا به ایران سفر کرده است.
He/She has recently traveled to Iran.
This uses the present perfect tense ('سفر کرده است' - has traveled) with 'اخیرا' to indicate a recent completed action.
اخیرا هوا خیلی گرم شده است.
The weather has become very hot recently.
'اخیرا' at the beginning of the sentence sets the temporal context for the entire statement.
شما اخیرا چه کار میکردید؟
What have you been doing recently?
This is a common question using 'اخیرا' to inquire about recent activities.
من اخیرا زبان فارسی یاد میگیرم.
I am learning Persian recently.
Here, 'اخیرا' is used with the present continuous tense ('یاد میگیرم' - I am learning) to describe an ongoing activity that started recently.
آنها اخیرا خانهای خریدهاند.
They have recently bought a house.
The present perfect tense is often used with 'اخیرا' to talk about recent acquisitions or changes.
اخیرا او خیلی مشغول بوده است.
He/She has been very busy recently.
'اخیرا' modifies the state of being busy.
من اخیرا با دوستانم ملاقات کردم.
I met with my friends recently.
A simple past tense sentence indicating a recent social event.
پیشرفتهای علمی اخیرا چشمگیر بودهاند.
Scientific advancements have been remarkable recently.
'اخیرا' modifies the adjective 'چشمگیر' (chashmgir - remarkable) and the verb 'بودهاند' (boodeh-and - have been).
من اخیرا متوجه تغییراتی در رفتار او شدهام.
I have recently noticed changes in his/her behavior.
This sentence uses 'اخیرا' with the present perfect to describe a recent realization.
اخیرا اخبار خوبی در مورد اقتصاد شنیدهایم.
We have heard good news about the economy recently.
'اخیرا' sets the time frame for receiving news.
این مشکل اخیرا بیشتر شده است.
This problem has increased recently.
'اخیرا' indicates that the increase is a recent phenomenon.
او اخیرا شروع به نوشتن یک رمان کرده است.
He/She has recently started writing a novel.
Used to indicate the recent commencement of an activity.
اخیرا قیمتها به طور قابل توجهی افزایش یافته است.
Prices have increased significantly recently.
'اخیرا' emphasizes that the price increase is a current trend.
من اخیرا تصمیم گرفتهام که بیشتر ورزش کنم.
I have recently decided to exercise more.
Indicates a recent change in personal plans or decisions.
اخیرا بحثهای زیادی در مورد این موضوع وجود داشته است.
There has been a lot of discussion about this issue recently.
'اخیرا' highlights the recency of the discussions.
تغییرات اقلیمی اخیرا تاثیرات عمیقتری بر جوامع بشری گذاشته است.
Climate changes have had deeper impacts on human societies recently.
'اخیرا' emphasizes the intensified effects of climate change in the recent past.
پژوهشهای اخیرا منتشر شده، دیدگاههای جدیدی را مطرح کردهاند.
Recently published research has put forth new perspectives.
'اخیرا' modifies 'منتشر شده' (montasher shodeh - published) to specify the recency of the publications.
ما اخیرا شاهد افزایش قابل توجهی در استفاده از انرژیهای تجدیدپذیر بودهایم.
We have recently witnessed a significant increase in the use of renewable energy.
'اخیرا' highlights a recent trend in energy consumption.
اخیرا، نگرانیها در مورد امنیت سایبری به طور فزایندهای افزایش یافته است.
Recently, concerns about cybersecurity have been increasing dramatically.
'اخیرا' emphasizes the growing nature of cybersecurity concerns.
این رویداد اخیرا باعث ایجاد تنشهای بینالمللی شده است.
This event has recently caused international tensions.
Connects a recent event to its consequences.
اخیرا، دولت سیاستهای جدیدی را برای مقابله با تورم اعلام کرده است.
Recently, the government has announced new policies to combat inflation.
'اخیرا' specifies the timing of the policy announcement.
صنعت گردشگری اخیرا با چالشهای جدیدی روبرو شده است.
The tourism industry has recently faced new challenges.
'اخیرا' indicates that these challenges are a recent development.
من اخیرا در مورد اهمیت سواد رسانهای بیشتر مطالعه کردهام.
I have recently studied more about the importance of media literacy.
Indicates recent engagement with a particular topic of study.
تحولات اخیر در حوزه هوش مصنوعی، چشمانداز آینده را به طور قابل ملاحظهای دگرگون ساخته است.
Recent developments in the field of artificial intelligence have significantly transformed the future outlook.
'اخیرا' here modifies 'تحولات' (tahavvolat - developments) to emphasize their recency and impact.
این اپیدمی اخیرا منجر به بازنگری اساسی در رویکردهای بهداشت عمومی شده است.
This epidemic has recently led to a fundamental re-evaluation of public health approaches.
'اخیرا' highlights the causal link between the epidemic and the recent re-evaluation.
اخیرا، جامعه علمی به طور فزایندهای بر نقش عوامل اپیژنتیک در بیماریهای مزمن تمرکز کرده است.
Recently, the scientific community has increasingly focused on the role of epigenetic factors in chronic diseases.
'اخیرا' specifies the recent intensification of focus in scientific research.
سیاستهای اقتصادی اتخاذ شده در دوره اخیر، تاثیرات متفاوتی بر طبقات مختلف جامعه گذاشته است.
Economic policies adopted in the recent period have had differential impacts on various social classes.
'اخیرا' (in 'دوره اخیر') points to a specific, recent timeframe for policy implementation.
تکنولوژیهای نوظهور اخیرا به طور چشمگیری فرآیندهای تولید را متحول کردهاند.
Emerging technologies have dramatically revolutionized production processes recently.
'اخیرا' emphasizes the recent and dramatic nature of technological impact on industry.
اخیرا، شاهد افزایش قابل توجهی در آگاهی عمومی نسبت به مسائل زیستمحیطی بودهایم.
Recently, we have witnessed a significant increase in public awareness regarding environmental issues.
'اخیرا' highlights the recent surge in public consciousness about environmental concerns.
این کشف اخیرا موجب تغییر پارادایم در درک ما از جهان شده است.
This discovery has recently caused a paradigm shift in our understanding of the universe.
'اخیرا' underscores the recency of a transformative scientific discovery.
مهاجرتهای اخیر، ترکیبات فرهنگی جدیدی را در شهرهای بزرگ پدید آورده است.
Recent migrations have given rise to new cultural compositions in major cities.
'اخیرا' modifies 'مهاجرتها' (mohajerat-ha - migrations) to specify their recent occurrence and impact.
تحولات ژئوپلیتیکی اخیرا به گونهای رقم خوردهاند که معادلات قدرت جهانی را به چالش کشیدهاند.
Geopolitical transformations have recently unfolded in a manner that has challenged global power equations.
'اخیرا' emphasizes the recent unfolding of events and their profound impact on global power structures.
این پدیده نوظهور اخیرا توجه جامعه دانشگاهی را به خود جلب کرده و منجر به تحقیقات گستردهای شده است.
This emerging phenomenon has recently captured the attention of the academic community, leading to extensive research.
'اخیرا' highlights the very recent emergence of the phenomenon and its immediate academic impact.
اخیرا، شاهد یک گذار پارادایمی در رویکرد به مدیریت بحرانهای زیستمحیطی هستیم که نیازمند راهکارهای نوآورانه است.
Recently, we are witnessing a paradigm shift in the approach to managing environmental crises, which requires innovative solutions.
'اخیرا' marks the current phase of a significant shift in approach to environmental management.
پیشرفتهای اخیر در فناوری نانو، پتانسیلهای بیسابقهای را برای کاربردهای پزشکی گشوده است.
Recent advancements in nanotechnology have opened unprecedented potentials for medical applications.
'اخیرا' emphasizes the recency of these advancements and their groundbreaking implications.
اخیرا، رویکردهای جدیدی در علوم اعصاب برای درک مکانیسمهای شناختی در حال توسعه است.
Recently, new approaches in neuroscience are being developed to understand cognitive mechanisms.
'اخیرا' indicates the ongoing development of these novel approaches in a cutting-edge field.
این رخداد اخیرا به بازنگری در پروتکلهای امنیتی بینالمللی منجر شده است.
This event has recently led to a revision of international security protocols.
'اخیرا' links a specific recent event to its consequential revision of protocols.
اخیرا، شاهد ظهور جنبشهای اجتماعی جدیدی هستیم که خواستار تغییرات ساختاری عمیق هستند.
Recently, we are witnessing the emergence of new social movements demanding profound structural changes.
'اخیرا' highlights the current emergence and momentum of these social movements.
تفسیرهای اخیرا ارائه شده از متون تاریخی، درک ما را از گذشته بازتعریف کردهاند.
Recently presented interpretations of historical texts have redefined our understanding of the past.
'اخیرا' emphasizes the recency of these reinterpretations and their impact on historical understanding.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— This is a very common, informal way to ask 'What's new?' or 'What's happening lately?'. It's a friendly way to catch up with someone.
سلام سارا! اخیرا چه خبر؟ (Salam Sara! Akhiran che khabar?) - Hi Sara! What's new lately?
— This is a casual greeting meaning 'How have you been recently?' or 'How are things lately?'. It's a more specific inquiry about their well-being in the recent past.
سلام علی، اخیرا چطوری؟ (Salam Ali, akhiran chetori?) - Hi Ali, how have you been recently?
— This phrase means 'I saw you recently.' It's used when you've spotted someone not too long ago and want to mention it.
من اخیرا دیدمت در پارک. (Man akhiran didamet dar park.) - I saw you recently in the park.
— This means 'I started recently.' It's used to indicate the beginning of a new activity, habit, or project.
من اخیرا شروع کردم به یادگیری گیتار. (Man akhiran shoroo' kardam be yadgiri-ye guitar.) - I started learning the guitar recently.
— This means 'I have gone recently' or 'I have been recently.' It's used to talk about places you have visited in the recent past.
من اخیرا رفتهام به اصفهان. (Man akhiran rafteh-am be Esfahan.) - I have been to Isfahan recently.
— This means 'it has changed recently.' It's used to describe recent modifications or alterations in something.
وضعیت آب و هوا اخیرا تغییر کرده. (Vaz'iyat-e ab o hava akhiran taghir kardeh.) - The weather situation has changed recently.
— This means 'I have heard recently.' It's used to convey information that you've recently acquired through hearing.
من اخیرا شنیدهام که او شغل جدیدی پیدا کرده است. (Man akhiran shenideh-am keh ou shoghl-e jadidi peyda kardeh ast.) - I have recently heard that he has found a new job.
— This means 'I have read recently.' It's used when talking about books, articles, or any form of reading material.
من اخیرا این مقاله را خواندهام. (Man akhiran in maqaleh ra khandeh-am.) - I have read this article recently.
— This means 'I have seen recently.' It's used to talk about things or people you have observed in the recent past.
من اخیرا فیلم خوبی دیدهام. (Man akhiran film-e khoobi dideh-am.) - I have seen a good movie recently.
— This means 'it has happened recently.' It's used to describe any event or incident that occurred in the near past.
یک اتفاق جالب اخیرا اتفاق افتاده است. (Yek ettefaq-e jaleb akhiran ettefaq oftadeh ast.) - An interesting incident has happened recently.
Idioms & Expressions
— This is a literal statement meaning 'The weather has become cold recently.' It doesn't have a figurative meaning but is a common way to use 'اخیرا' to describe a recent change in weather conditions.
هوا اخیرا خیلی سرد شده است، لباس گرم بپوش. (Hava akhiran kheyli sard shodeh ast, lebas-e garm bepoosh.) - The weather has become very cold recently, wear warm clothes.
Neutral— This phrase literally means 'He/She has changed recently.' It can refer to a change in personality, behavior, or appearance. It's a straightforward application of 'اخیرا' to describe personal transformation.
او اخیرا تغییر کرده است و بیشتر آرام شده. (Ou akhiran taghir kardeh ast va bishtar aram shodeh.) - He/She has changed recently and has become calmer.
Neutral— This means 'Prices have gone up recently.' It's a common observation about economic trends and uses 'اخیرا' to denote the recent increase in prices.
قیمتها اخیرا بالا رفتهاند و خرید سخت شده است. (Gheymat-ha akhiran bala rafteh-and va kharid sakht shodeh ast.) - Prices have gone up recently and shopping has become difficult.
Neutral— This idiom means 'I have recently heard this news.' It's a common way to express that you've learned something recently through word of mouth.
این خبر اخیرا به گوشم رسیده و خیلی ناراحت شدم. (In khabar akhiran be goosham resideh va kheyli narahat shodam.) - I have recently heard this news and I became very upset.
Neutral— This means 'I have understood this matter recently.' It indicates a recent realization or comprehension of something.
من اخیرا این موضوع را فهمیدهام که چقدر مهم است. (Man akhiran in mozoo' ra fahmideh-am keh cheqadr mohem ast.) - I have recently understood how important this matter is.
Neutral— This means 'He/She has started working recently.' It's used to indicate the recent commencement of employment or a new task.
او اخیرا شروع به کار کرده است و خیلی خوشحال است. (Ou akhiran shoroo' be kar kardeh ast va kheyli khoshhal ast.) - He/She has started working recently and is very happy.
Summary
The Persian adverb 'اخیرا' (akhiran) is your go-to word for 'recently' or 'lately.' It's essential for discussing events that have happened in the near past and is used widely in everyday conversations, news, and literature. Master its usage with past and perfect tenses to sound natural.
- A versatile adverb meaning 'recently' or 'lately'.
- Used to specify actions or events in the near past.
- Common in both spoken and written Persian across various contexts.
- Pairs well with past and perfect tenses to indicate recent occurrences.
Example
اخیراً هوا خیلی گرم شده است.
Related Content
More general words
عادتوار
C1As a matter of habit; habitually.
عادی
A1Conforming to the usual or standard type; normal or ordinary.
عافیت
B2Well-being; the state of being comfortable, healthy, or happy.
عاجل
B2Requiring immediate attention or action; urgent.
عاقبت
C1The outcome or result of an action or event.
عاقل
A1Having or showing experience, knowledge, and good judgment; wise.
عالمگیر
C1Universal, worldwide, or affecting all parts of the world.
عالی
A1Excellent; extremely good or outstanding.
عام
B1General, common, public.
اعم از
B2Including; whether (used to introduce options).
