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B1 noun 8 min read

مزمن

mozmen
Examples Notes & Tips مزمن in 30 Seconds
Explanation مزمن in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'mozmen' (chronic) very often, but it is helpful to recognize it if you visit a doctor in Iran. Think of it as a way to say 'for a long time'. If you have a cough that has lasted for three weeks, the doctor might say it is 'mozmen'. At this stage, just remember that 'mozmen' = 'long time problem'. You can use simpler words like 'khili vaght' (a long time) or 'hamishe' (always) for now. For example, instead of saying 'I have chronic pain', an A1 learner might say 'Kamar-am hamishe dard mikone' (My back always hurts). Learning 'mozmen' now is like a 'bonus' word that makes you sound very smart when talking about health. It's a formal word, so you'll see it on medicine bottles or in hospital forms. Just focus on the sound: 'Moz-men'. It rhymes with 'Pen' in English. If you can remember that it means a problem that doesn't go away, you are doing great!
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As an A2 learner, you are starting to describe your life and health in more detail. You might use 'mozmen' to talk about recurring issues. For example, if you have allergies every spring, you could say 'man hasasiyat-e mozmen daram' (I have chronic allergies). This is better than just saying 'I am sick'. It helps people understand that your condition is not a surprise to you. You will also start hearing this word on the news. When they talk about 'moshkelat-e mozmen' (chronic problems) in the city, like traffic or pollution, they are using this word. At A2, try to pair 'mozmen' with simple nouns like 'dard' (pain), 'bimari' (illness), or 'moshkel' (problem). This will help you transition from basic sentences to more professional-sounding Persian. Remember, the word is an adjective, so it usually comes after the noun. 'Dard-e mozmen'—don't forget that little 'e' sound in the middle!
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At the B1 level, you should be able to use 'mozmen' confidently in discussions about health, society, and the economy. You understand that 'mozmen' isn't just about time; it's about a state of persistence. You can now distinguish between an 'acute' problem (haad) and a 'chronic' one (mozmen). For instance, in a conversation about the environment, you might say, 'Kamboud-e ab dar Iran yek bohran-e mozmen ast' (Water shortage in Iran is a chronic crisis). This shows you understand that the problem is structural and long-standing. You should also be comfortable using it in the workplace. If a project is constantly delayed, calling it a 'ta'khir-e mozmen' shows you have a high level of vocabulary. You are moving beyond simple descriptions and starting to analyze situations. You also know that 'mozmen' is a formal word, so you use it in emails or reports rather than when joking with friends. This is the stage where you start to see the word in Persian literature and news articles regularly.
By B2, you are expected to use 'mozmen' in nuanced ways. You understand its sociological and economic implications. You can discuss 'bikari-ye mozmen' (chronic unemployment) or 'tavarom-e mozmen' (chronic inflation) and explain why these are difficult to solve. You are also aware of the word's Arabic roots and how it relates to 'zaman' (time). In your writing, you use 'mozmen' to add weight to your arguments. Instead of saying a problem is 'very old', you say it is 'mozmen', which implies it is also difficult to eradicate. You can participate in debates about public health and use 'mozmen' to describe the burden of non-communicable diseases on the healthcare system. Your pronunciation is clear, and you correctly place the stress on the second syllable (moz-MEN). You also know how to use the compound verb 'mozmen shodan' (to become chronic) to describe how a temporary situation can devolve into a permanent one if not addressed quickly.
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At the C1 level, 'mozmen' is a standard part of your academic and professional lexicon. You use it to describe complex systems and historical trends. You might write an essay on the 'faqr-e mozmen' (chronic poverty) in certain regions, analyzing the cycle of deprivation with precision. You understand the literary use of the word as well—how a poet might use 'mozmen' to describe a deep, existential ache. You are also sensitive to the register of the word; you know that using it in a very casual setting might sound overly dramatic or clinical, and you adjust your language accordingly. You can use it in legal or medical translations with 100% accuracy. You also recognize related terms and can explain the difference between 'mozmen' and 'mostamar' (continuous) or 'dayemi' (permanent). Your usage of the word reflects a deep understanding of Persian's formal structures and its ability to borrow and adapt Arabic terms for specialized meanings.
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As a C2 speaker, 'mozmen' is a tool you use with surgical precision. You can discuss the 'mozmen' nature of geopolitical conflicts, using the word to imply layers of historical, social, and psychological factors that make resolution nearly impossible. You might use it in a philosophical context to discuss 'tanha'i-ye mozmen' (chronic loneliness) in modern society. Your mastery of the word includes knowing its rare collocations and its usage in high-level governmental reports. You can effortlessly switch between 'mozmen' and its more poetic synonyms like 'dirineh' depending on the audience and the desired emotional impact. You are also capable of critiquing the use of the word in media, identifying when it is being used to normalize a problem that should be treated as an emergency. At this level, you don't just know what the word means; you know how it shapes the perception of reality in the Persian-speaking world.
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Examples Notes & Tips

مزمن in 30 Seconds

  • Mozmen means chronic or long-standing.
  • Commonly used for diseases like diabetes or asthma.
  • Used in news for persistent economic or social issues.
  • It is a formal word, the opposite of 'haad' (acute).
The word مزمن (pronounced /mozmen/) is a loanword from Arabic that has become deeply embedded in the Persian language. Primarily used as an adjective, it describes something that persists over a long duration, recurs frequently, or is deep-seated. While its most frequent application is in medical contexts—referring to chronic illnesses that require long-term management—its reach extends far into the realms of sociology, economics, and even personal psychology.
Medical Significance
In clinical settings, doctors use 'mozmen' to distinguish conditions like diabetes or arthritis from 'acute' (حاد - haad) conditions that appear suddenly and resolve quickly. If a patient complains of back pain lasting several months, it is categorized as 'dard-e mozmen' (chronic pain).
Beyond the body, the word is a favorite in Iranian news and academic discourse when discussing systemic failures. For instance, 'bikari-ye mozmen' (chronic unemployment) suggests that the lack of jobs is not a temporary fluctuation but a structural defect in the economy that has lasted for decades.

تورم مزمن در اقتصاد ایران باعث کاهش قدرت خرید مردم شده است.

Chronic inflation in Iran's economy has caused a decrease in people's purchasing power.
In social commentary, you might hear about 'faqr-e mozmen' (chronic poverty), implying a cycle of deprivation that is passed down through generations. This word carries a heavy emotional and analytical weight; it suggests that the problem is not easily fixed and requires a fundamental change rather than a quick patch.
Societal Context
When an Iranian sociologist refers to 'bohran-ha-ye mozmen' (chronic crises), they are pointing to issues like water scarcity or bureaucratic corruption that have become part of the daily landscape.

او از برونشیت مزمن رنج می‌برد.

He suffers from chronic bronchitis.
Understanding this word helps you navigate formal Persian media and medical documents. It is rarely used in casual slang but is ubiquitous in any serious discussion about health or society. Whether it is a 'chronic headache' (sar-dard-e mozmen) or 'chronic laziness' (tanbali-ye mozmen), the core essence remains the same: it is a ghost that refuses to leave.
Using مزمن correctly requires understanding its role as a qualifying adjective. In Persian grammar, adjectives typically follow the noun they modify, connected by the 'Ezafe' (the short '-e' sound). Therefore, you will almost always see it as 'Noun-e Mozmen'.
Medical Phrasing
To describe a long-term illness, you say: 'Bimari-ye mozmen'. For example: 'دیابت یک بیماری مزمن است' (Diabetes is a chronic disease).
When discussing abstract problems, the structure remains identical. 'Moshkel-e mozmen' (chronic problem) is a common collocation.

کمبود آب به یک چالش مزمن در منطقه تبدیل شده است.

Water shortage has turned into a chronic challenge in the region.
One nuance to keep in mind is that 'mozmen' implies a negative or at least a burdensome quality. You wouldn't typically use it for something positive that lasts a long time (like 'chronic happiness'). For positive duration, words like 'paydar' (sustainable/lasting) or 'hamishegi' (everlasting) are preferred. In more formal or literary Persian, 'mozmen' can describe deep-seated emotions. A poet might write about 'gham-e mozmen' (chronic sorrow), suggesting a sadness that has become a part of their identity.
Economic Phrasing
Economists often use 'kasri-ye budje-ye mozmen' (chronic budget deficit). This indicates that the government consistently spends more than it earns, year after year.

بی‌خوابی مزمن می‌تواند به سلامت روان آسیب بزند.

Chronic insomnia can damage mental health.
When translating from English, be careful not to confuse 'chronic' with 'severe'. While chronic issues can be severe, the word 'mozmen' specifically targets the *duration*. If you want to say something is very intense, use 'shadid' (severe). If it's intense and long-lasting, you can combine them: 'dard-e mozmen-e shadid' (severe chronic pain). By mastering these patterns, you can express complex ideas about health, economics, and social issues with the precision of a native speaker.
You are most likely to encounter مزمن in four primary environments: medical consultations, news broadcasts, academic journals, and professional workplaces. In an Iranian hospital, you will hear nurses and doctors classifying patients. A 'bimar-e mozmen' is a long-term resident or someone with a recurring condition.
Television and News
News anchors on channels like IRIB or BBC Persian frequently use 'mozmen' when reporting on the 'bohran-e mozmen-e maskan' (chronic housing crisis). It frames the issue as an old, unresolved wound in the nation's fabric.
If you listen to Iranian podcasts on psychology or self-help, you'll hear about 'esteres-e mozmen' (chronic stress). The hosts discuss how modern life leads to a state of constant tension that never fully dissipates.

پزشک گفت که سرفه‌های او به دلیل حساسیت مزمن است.

The doctor said his coughs are due to chronic allergies.
In the workplace, a manager might describe a project's delay as a 'ta'khir-e mozmen' (chronic delay), indicating that the team has missed multiple deadlines and the issue is systemic rather than a one-time fluke.
Academic Environment
University lectures in sociology or political science are filled with this term. Professors analyze 'na-barabari-ye mozmen' (chronic inequality), looking at historical data to show how wealth gaps have persisted over centuries.

بسیاری از کشورها با بدهی‌های مزمن روبرو هستند.

Many countries are facing chronic debts.
Even in sports commentary, if a player is constantly injured, the commentator might mention their 'masdumiyat-e mozmen' (chronic injury), which often signals the end of a professional career. By paying attention to these contexts, you'll see that 'mozmen' is a tool for diagnostic clarity, whether the patient is a person, an economy, or a society.
The most common mistake learners make with مزمن is confusing it with other words related to time or severity. Because it comes from the same root as 'zaman' (time), students often try to use it to mean 'temporary' or 'timely', which is incorrect.
Mistake 1: Confusing Chronic with Acute
In English, people sometimes use 'chronic' to mean 'intense' (e.g., 'chronic pain' meaning 'really bad pain'). In Persian, 'mozmen' strictly refers to duration. If you have a sudden, sharp pain, don't use 'mozmen'; use 'haad' (حاد).
Another error is using 'mozmen' for positive long-term situations. As mentioned before, 'mozmen' has a negative connotation. You wouldn't say 'dousti-ye mozmen' (chronic friendship) to mean a long-lasting friendship; instead, use 'dousti-ye dirineh' (long-standing friendship) or 'dousti-ye paydar'.

اشتباه: ما یک مزمن خوشحالی داریم. (Incorrect: We have a chronic happiness.)

Correction: Use 'shadi-ye paydar' (lasting joy).
Learners also struggle with the pluralization of the nouns it modifies. While 'mozmen' itself doesn't change for plural nouns, the noun it follows does. 'Moshkelat-e mozmen' (chronic problems) is correct. Some students forget the Ezafe, saying 'moshkel mozmen', which sounds broken and incorrect.
Mistake 2: Overusing in Casual Conversation
Using 'mozmen' to describe a friend who is late once or twice is overkill. It sounds like you're writing a medical report. For casual annoyance, use 'hamishe' (always) or 'dobare' (again).

او دچار خستگی مزمن شده است.

Correct usage: He has developed chronic fatigue (a medical/serious context).
Finally, avoid using it as a verb. Persian doesn't have a single-word verb for 'to become chronic' like 'chronify'. You must use the compound verb 'mozmen shodan'.
To truly master Persian, you need to know when to use مزمن versus its synonyms. Each has a slightly different 'flavor' or register.
مزمن (Mozmen) vs. حاد (Haad)
This is the most important pair. 'Mozmen' is chronic (long-term), while 'Haad' is acute (short-term, intense). Doctors use these to triage patients.
مزمن (Mozmen) vs. دیرینه (Dirineh)
'Dirineh' also means long-standing, but it is more poetic and positive. You have 'dousti-ye dirineh' (old friendship), but 'bimari-ye mozmen' (chronic illness).
Other alternatives include 'paydar' (stable/lasting) and 'toulani-modat' (long-term). 'Toulani-modat' is a neutral, descriptive term often used in business or planning. You might have a 'barname-ye toulani-modat' (long-term plan), but you wouldn't call it a 'barname-ye mozmen' unless you think the plan is a recurring headache!

این یک بیماری مزمن است، نه یک مشکل گذرا.

This is a chronic disease, not a passing problem.
In the context of recurring events, you might use 'motenaveb' (intermittent). While 'mozmen' implies it's always there in the background, 'motenaveb' implies it comes and goes. For example, 'tab-e motenaveb' (intermittent fever) vs 'dard-e mozmen' (chronic pain).
مزمن (Mozmen) vs. همیشگی (Hamishegi)
'Hamishegi' means 'always' or 'usual'. 'Ghaza-ye hamishegi' is 'the usual food'. 'Mozmen' is much more formal and carries a sense of 'unresolved problem'.

او با فقر مزمن دست و پنجه نرم می‌کند.

He is struggling with chronic poverty.
Understanding these distinctions prevents you from sounding like a dictionary and helps you sound like a nuanced communicator.

Fun Fact

The root 'zaman' is one of the most common words in both Arabic and Persian, but 'mozmen' is strictly used for the negative persistence of things.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /mʊzˈmɛn/
US /moʊzˈmɛn/
On the second syllable: moz-MEN.
Rhymes With
Anjoman (Association) Mihan (Homeland - slant) Damant (Skirt - slant) Goul-zan (Deceiver) Roushan (Bright - slant) Golshan (Flower garden) Sokhan (Speech) Kohan (Ancient)
Common Errors
  • Pronouncing it as 'mo-men' (missing the 'z').
  • Putting the stress on the first syllable.
  • Confusing the 'z' sound with a 'j' sound.
  • Shortening the 'e' in 'men' too much.
  • Adding an extra vowel between 'm' and 'z'.
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Examples by Level

1

کمردرد او مزمن است.

His back pain is chronic.

Subject + Noun + Adjective + Verb.

2

این یک بیماری مزمن نیست.

This is not a chronic disease.

Negative form of 'to be'.

3

آیا سرفه شما مزمن است؟

Is your cough chronic?

Question form using 'Aya'.

4

او درد مزمن دارد.

He has chronic pain.

Using the verb 'dashtan' (to have).

5

مشکل او مزمن شد.

His problem became chronic.

Past tense of 'shodan' (to become).

6

خستگی مزمن بد است.

Chronic fatigue is bad.

Simple adjective-noun pair.

7

پزشک درباره بیماری مزمن گفت.

The doctor spoke about the chronic disease.

Preposition 'darbare-ye' (about).

8

اسم این درد، مزمن است.

The name of this pain is chronic.

Possessive structure.

1

او سال‌هاست که از آلرژی مزمن رنج می‌برد.

He has been suffering from chronic allergies for years.

Present perfect continuous equivalent in Persian.

2

بیکاری یک مشکل مزمن در این شهر است.

Unemployment is a chronic problem in this city.

Noun + Ezafe + Adjective.

3

ما باید برای این مشکلات مزمن راه حلی پیدا کنیم.

We must find a solution for these chronic problems.

Modal verb 'bayad' (must).

4

کمبود ویتامین می‌تواند باعث خستگی مزمن شود.

Vitamin deficiency can cause chronic fatigue.

Compound verb 'bays-e ... shodan'.

5

پدرم زانودرد مزمن دارد.

My father has chronic knee pain.

Compound noun 'zanudard'.

6

این دارو برای دردهای مزمن مفید است.

This medicine is useful for chronic pains.

Plural noun 'dard-ha'.

7

ترافیک تهران یک معضل مزمن شده است.

Tehran's traffic has become a chronic dilemma.

Present perfect 'shode ast'.

8

او به دلیل استرس مزمن به پزشک مراجعه کرد.

He visited the doctor due to chronic stress.

Prepositional phrase 'be dalil-e'.

1

تورم مزمن باعث شده است که قیمت‌ها هر روز بالا برود.

Chronic inflation has caused prices to go up every day.

Subjunctive mood 'bala beravad'.

2

بسیاری از سالمندان با بیماری‌های مزمن دست و پنجه نرم می‌کنند.

Many elderly people struggle with chronic diseases.

Idiom 'dast o panje narm kardan' (to struggle).

3

این محله از فقر مزمن و کمبود امکانات رنج می‌برد.

This neighborhood suffers from chronic poverty and lack of facilities.

Compound subject.

4

بی‌خوابی مزمن می‌تواند تمرکز شما را در طول روز کاهش دهد.

Chronic insomnia can decrease your concentration during the day.

Possessive 'shoma' (your).

5

دولت در تلاش است تا کسری بودجه مزمن را جبران کند.

The government is trying to compensate for the chronic budget deficit.

Infinitive 'jobran kardan'.

6

آلودگی هوا در کلان‌شهرها به یک وضعیت مزمن تبدیل شده است.

Air pollution in metropolises has turned into a chronic situation.

Passive-like structure 'tabdil shodan'.

7

او برای درمان سینوزیت مزمن خود به جراحی نیاز دارد.

He needs surgery to treat his chronic sinusitis.

Reflexive 'khod' (his own).

8

اعتیاد به اینترنت یک نوع آسیب اجتماعی مزمن است.

Internet addiction is a type of chronic social harm.

Noun phrase 'asib-e ejtema'i'.

1

ساختار اداری ما دچار یک بروکراسی مزمن و ناکارآمد است.

Our administrative structure suffers from a chronic and inefficient bureaucracy.

Adjective 'nakaramad' (inefficient).

2

روانشناسان معتقدند که افسردگی مزمن ریشه در دوران کودکی دارد.

Psychologists believe that chronic depression is rooted in childhood.

Clause starting with 'ke' (that).

3

تداوم این خشکسالی مزمن، کشاورزی منطقه را نابود کرده است.

The continuation of this chronic drought has destroyed the region's agriculture.

Noun 'tadavom' (continuation).

4

او با وجود معلولیت مزمن، هرگز از تلاش دست برنداشت.

Despite a chronic disability, he never gave up trying.

Prepositional phrase 'ba vojud-e' (despite).

5

فساد مزمن در لایه‌های مختلف سازمان نفوذ کرده بود.

Chronic corruption had penetrated various layers of the organization.

Past perfect 'nofuz karde bud'.

6

این فیلم به بررسی تنهایی مزمن انسان در دنیای مدرن می‌پردازد.

This film explores the chronic loneliness of humans in the modern world.

Verb 'be barresi pardakhtan' (to explore/examine).

7

کم‌خونی مزمن باعث ریزش مو و ضعف بدنی می‌شود.

Chronic anemia causes hair loss and physical weakness.

Causative structure.

8

تیم ملی از ضعف مزمن در خط دفاعی رنج می‌برد.

The national team suffers from a chronic weakness in the defensive line.

Sporting context.

1

واکاوی ریشه‌های تاریخی این تضاد مزمن، نیازمند پژوهشی ژرف است.

Analyzing the historical roots of this chronic conflict requires deep research.

Gerund 'vakavi' (analyzing).

2

سیاست‌های غلط پولی، منجر به ایجاد یک تورم مزمن و مهارناپذیر گشته است.

Wrong monetary policies have led to the creation of chronic and uncontrollable inflation.

Formal verb 'gashte ast' instead of 'shode ast'.

3

در این مقاله، نویسنده به نقد ساختارهای مزمن قدرت در جوامع سنتی می‌پردازد.

In this article, the author critiques the chronic structures of power in traditional societies.

Formal preposition 'be naghd ... pardakhtan'.

4

درد مزمن نباید تنها از منظر فیزیولوژیک مورد مطالعه قرار گیرد.

Chronic pain should not be studied solely from a physiological perspective.

Passive voice 'mored-e motale'e gharar girad'.

5

بی‌ثباتی مزمن سیاسی، مانع از جذب سرمایه‌گذاری خارجی در کشور شده است.

Chronic political instability has prevented the attraction of foreign investment in the country.

Verb 'mane' shodan' (to prevent).

6

او از نوعی بدبینی مزمن نسبت به آینده رنج می‌برد که مانع پیشرفتش می‌شود.

He suffers from a type of chronic pessimism about the future that hinders his progress.

Relative clause 'ke...'.

7

تحولات اخیر نشان‌دهنده گذار از یک بحران حاد به یک معضل مزمن است.

Recent developments indicate a transition from an acute crisis to a chronic dilemma.

Noun 'gozar' (transition).

8

این نهاد برای مقابله با فقر مزمن در مناطق محروم تاسیس شده است.

This institution was established to combat chronic poverty in deprived areas.

Purpose clause 'baraye moghabele ba'.

1

پارادایم‌های حاکم بر اقتصاد، توانایی تبیین این رکود مزمن را ندارند.

The dominant economic paradigms lack the ability to explain this chronic recession.

High-level vocabulary 'tabyin' (explanation/elucidation).

2

درونمایه بسیاری از اشعار او، حسرتی مزمن برای دوران شکوه از دست رفته است.

The theme of many of his poems is a chronic longing for a lost era of glory.

Literary term 'darun-maye' (theme).

3

چالش‌های مزمن زیست‌محیطی، بقای تمدن بشری را در این جغرافیا تهدید می‌کند.

Chronic environmental challenges threaten the survival of human civilization in this geography.

Abstract concept 'baghay-e tamaddon'.

4

روایت‌های تاریخی اغلب از منظر قدرت نوشته شده و رنج‌های مزمن توده‌ها را نادیده می‌گیرند.

Historical narratives are often written from the perspective of power and ignore the chronic sufferings of the masses.

Plural 'tude-ha' (masses).

5

گسست‌های مزمن میان نسل‌ها، انسجام اجتماعی را با خطر جدی مواجه کرده است.

Chronic gaps between generations have put social cohesion at serious risk.

Noun 'gossast' (gap/rupture).

6

او در کتاب خود به واکاوی استبداد مزمن در تاریخ شرق می‌پردازد.

In his book, he analyzes chronic despotism in Eastern history.

Political term 'estebdad'.

7

انباشت مزمن مطالبات بی‌پاسخ، می‌تواند به انفجار اجتماعی منجر شود.

The chronic accumulation of unanswered demands can lead to a social explosion.

Metaphorical usage.

8

دیالکتیک میان نیازهای حاد و دردهای مزمن، بن‌مایه این اثر فلسفی است.

The dialectic between acute needs and chronic pains is the core of this philosophical work.

Philosophical term 'dialectic'.

Common Collocations

بیماری مزمن
درد مزمن
تورم مزمن
بیکاری مزمن
خستگی مزمن
فقر مزمن
استرس مزمن
بحران مزمن
بی‌خوابی مزمن
کمبود مزمن

Common Phrases

دچار ... مزمن شدن

— To become afflicted with something chronic.

او دچار افسردگی مزمن شده است.

از ... مزمن رنج بردن

— To suffer from something chronic.

بسیاری از فقر مزمن رنج می‌برند.

مشکلات مزمن ساختاری

— Chronic structural problems.

اقتصاد ما مشکلات مزمن ساختاری دارد.

درمان بیماری‌های مزمن

— Treatment of chronic diseases.

درمان بیماری‌های مزمن زمان‌بر است.

مدیریت دردهای مزمن

— Management of chronic pains.

کلینیک‌های مدیریت دردهای مزمن.

ریشه در مشکلات مزمن دارد

— It is rooted in chronic problems.

این اتفاق ریشه در مشکلات مزمن دارد.

تبدیل به معضل مزمن شدن

— To turn into a chronic dilemma.

ترافیک به یک معضل مزمن تبدیل شده است.

سابقه بیماری مزمن

— History of chronic disease.

آیا سابقه بیماری مزمن دارید؟

پیشگیری از مزمن شدن

— Prevention of becoming chronic.

پیشگیری از مزمن شدن درد ضروری است.

عوارض مزمن

— Chronic complications/side effects.

این دارو عوارض مزمن ندارد.

Idioms & Expressions

"زخم مزمن"

— Literally 'chronic wound', used for an old emotional pain that won't heal.

این خاطره مثل یک زخم مزمن است.

Literary
"درد بی‌درمان مزمن"

— An incurable chronic pain; used for hopeless situations.

فساد در این اداره درد بی‌درمان مزمن است.

Metaphorical
"عادت مزمن"

— A deep-seated habit that is hard to break.

دروغگویی برای او یک عادت مزمن شده.

Informal
"کابوس مزمن"

— A recurring nightmare; used for persistent fears.

جنگ برای آن‌ها یک کابوس مزمن بود.

Literary
"سکوت مزمن"

— A long-standing silence, usually implying tension.

سکوت مزمن میان دو برادر شکست.

Literary
"فقر مزمن فرهنگی"

— Chronic lack of culture/education in a society.

ما با فقر مزمن فرهنگی روبرو هستیم.

Sociological
"تشنگی مزمن"

— Chronic thirst; used for regions with permanent water shortages.

زمین‌های جنوب دچار تشنگی مزمن هستند.

Poetic
"انتظار مزمن"

— A state of constant waiting.

زندگی او در یک انتظار مزمن گذشت.

Literary
"بیماری مزمن قدرت"

— The 'chronic disease' of being addicted to power.

او به بیماری مزمن قدرت مبتلا بود.

Political
"سایه مزمن"

— A persistent shadow; something that follows you forever.

ترس، سایه مزمن زندگی‌اش بود.

Literary

Word Family

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Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of 'MOZ-MEN'. Imagine 'Most Men' have 'Chronic' problems as they get older. MOZ sounds like 'Most' and MEN is 'Men'.

Visual Association

Picture a clock (Zaman) with a chain attached to a person's leg. The chain represents the 'Chronic' (Mozmen) nature of the problem.

Word Web

Zaman (Time) Bimari (Illness) Dard (Pain) Tavarom (Inflation) Bikari (Unemployment) Mozmen (Chronic) Haad (Acute) Toulani (Long)

Challenge

Try to use 'mozmen' in three different ways today: once for a health issue, once for a city problem (like traffic), and once for a bad habit.

Word Origin

Borrowed from Arabic 'muzmin' (مُزْمِن). It is the active participle of the fourth form of the root 'z-m-n' (ز م ن).

Original meaning: Related to time (zaman). It originally meant 'lasting for a long time' or 'aged'.

Semitic (Arabic) root, adapted into Indo-European (Persian).

Cultural Context

The Persian 'mozmen' matches the English 'chronic' almost perfectly in medical and social contexts, but 'chronic' in English slang can mean 'high quality' (marijuana), which is NOT a meaning in Persian.

Avicenna (Ibn Sina) used the Arabic equivalent in his 'Canon of Medicine', which influenced Persian medical terminology for centuries. Modern Iranian economists like Moussa Ghaninejad often use 'tavarom-e mozmen' to describ
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This Word in Other Languages

مزمن Arabic
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