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カンナダ語の音節構成：母音と子音の組み合わせ (Gunita)

Mastering Gunita turns basic consonants into functional syllables by attaching specific vowel 'skins' to the core letter.
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Gunita is the system of attaching vowel signs to consonants to create syllables in Kannada.

  • Consonants are inherently 'a' sounds: ಕ (ka).
  • Add a vowel sign to change the sound: ಕಿ (ki), ಕು (ku).
  • The base consonant shape stays mostly the same while the sign modifies it.
Consonant (ಕ) + Vowel Sign (ಿ) = Syllable (ಕಿ)

Overview

概要
カンナダ語の文字が、小さな帽子をかぶっていたり、小さな尻尾が生えていたりするように見えたことはありませんか？...

Gunita Table for 'Ka' (ಕ)

Vowel Sign Syllable Sound
a
None
ಕ
ka
aa
ಾ
ಕಾ
kaa
i
ಿ
ಕಿ
ki
ii
ೀ
ಕೀ
kii
u
ು
ಕು
ku
uu
ೂ
ಕೂ
kuu
e
ೆ
ಕೆ
ke
ee
ೇ
ಕೇ
kee
ai
ೈ
ಕೈ
kai
o
ೊ
ಕೊ
ko

Meanings

Gunita is the fundamental method in the Kannada script where a consonant is modified by a vowel diacritic (matra) to form a complete syllable.

1

Basic Syllable Formation

Creating a consonant-vowel pair.

“ಕ + ಿ = ಕಿ”

“ಮ + ು = ಮು”

Reference Table

Reference table for カンナダ語の音節構成：母音と子音の組み合わせ (Gunita)
Vowel Sign Name Example (with 'Ka') Sound
ಅ (a)
Talakattu
ಕ
ka
ಆ (ā)
Deerga
ಕಾ
kā
ಇ (i)
Gudi
ಕಿ
ki
ಈ (ī)
Gudi Deerga
ಕೀ
kī
ಉ (u)
Kombu
ಕು
ku
ಊ (ū)
Kombu Ilidu
ಕೂ
kū
ಎ (e)
Yatva
ಕೆ
ke
ಏ (ē)
Yatva Deerga
ಕೇ
kē

フォーマル度スペクトル

フォーマル
ನಾನು ಊಟ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿದ್ದೇನೆ.

ನಾನು ಊಟ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿದ್ದೇನೆ. (Daily conversation)

ニュートラル
ನಾನು ಊಟ ಮಾಡ್ತಿದ್ದೀನಿ.

ನಾನು ಊಟ ಮಾಡ್ತಿದ್ದೀನಿ. (Daily conversation)

カジュアル
ಊಟ ಮಾಡ್ತಿದ್ದೀನಿ.

ಊಟ ಮಾಡ್ತಿದ್ದೀನಿ. (Daily conversation)

スラング
ಊಟ ಆಯ್ತಾ?

ಊಟ ಆಯ್ತಾ? (Daily conversation)

The Anatomy of a Kannada Syllable

Syllable (Guṇita)

Core

  • Consonant The base sound (e.g., K)

Modifier

  • Vowel Sign The added sound (e.g., i)

English vs. Kannada Syllables

English (Linear)
K + I KI
Kannada (Merged)
ಕ್ + ಇ ಕಿ

How to build a syllable

1

Is the vowel 'a'?

YES
Keep the standard letter (Talakattu)
NO
Select the specific Vowel Sign
2

Is it a long vowel?

YES
Add the 'Deerga' (extra stroke/loop)
NO ↓

Vowel Sign Placement

🎩

Top Signs

  • • ಕಿ (ki)
  • • ಕೆ (ke)
  • • ಕೇ (kē)
👞

Bottom Signs

  • • ಕು (u)
  • • ಕೂ (ū)
  • • ಕೃ (r̥)
👉

Side Signs

  • • ಕಾ (ā)
  • • ಕೌ (au)
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レベル別の例文

1

ಕ + ಿ = ಕಿ

ka + i = ki

2

ಮ + ು = ಮು

ma + u = mu

3

ಸ + ಾ = ಸಾ

sa + aa = saa

4

ಪ + ೇ = ಪೇ

pa + ee = pee

1

ನಾನು ನೀರು ಕುಡಿಯುತ್ತೇನೆ.

I drink water.

2

ಅವನು ಶಾಲೆಗೆ ಹೋಗುತ್ತಾನೆ.

He goes to school.

3

ಇದು ನನ್ನ ಪುಸ್ತಕ.

This is my book.

4

ಅಮ್ಮ ಮನೆಗೆ ಬಂದರು.

Mother came home.

1

ನನಗೆ ಕನ್ನಡ ಓದಲು ಬರುತ್ತದೆ.

I know how to read Kannada.

2

ನಾವು ನಾಳೆ ಬೆಂಗಳೂರಿಗೆ ಹೋಗುತ್ತೇವೆ.

We will go to Bengaluru tomorrow.

3

ಈ ಕೆಲಸ ಬಹಳ ಸುಲಭ.

This work is very easy.

4

ಅವಳು ಚೆನ್ನಾಗಿ ಹಾಡುತ್ತಾಳೆ.

She sings well.

1

ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಯು ನಮ್ಮ ಜೀವನದ ಭಾಗ.

Culture is a part of our life.

2

ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆಯ ಫಲಿತಾಂಶ ಪ್ರಕಟವಾಯಿತು.

The exam results were announced.

3

ಅವನ ಮಾತುಗಳು ಬಹಳ ಪ್ರಭಾವಶಾಲಿ.

His words are very influential.

4

ನಾವು ಪರಿಸರವನ್ನು ರಕ್ಷಿಸಬೇಕು.

We must protect the environment.

1

ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯವು ಭಾಷೆಯ ಆತ್ಮವಿದ್ದಂತೆ.

Literature is like the soul of a language.

2

ಅವನ ಕೃತಿಗಳು ಅದ್ಭುತವಾಗಿವೆ.

His works are wonderful.

3

ಪ್ರಜಾಪ್ರಭುತ್ವದ ಮೌಲ್ಯಗಳು ಮುಖ್ಯ.

Democratic values are important.

4

ವಿಜ್ಞಾನವು ಪ್ರಗತಿಯ ಸಂಕೇತ.

Science is a symbol of progress.

1

ಕನ್ನಡದ ಕಾವ್ಯ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಶ್ರೀಮಂತವಾಗಿದೆ.

The Kannada poetic tradition is rich.

2

ಭಾಷಾಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದ ಅಧ್ಯಯನವು ಆಸಕ್ತಿದಾಯಕ.

The study of linguistics is interesting.

3

ಅವನ ಶೈಲಿಯು ಅನನ್ಯವಾಗಿದೆ.

His style is unique.

4

ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಯ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ನಮ್ಮ ಜವಾಬ್ದಾರಿ.

Preservation of culture is our responsibility.

間違えやすい

Kannada Syllable Building: Combining Vowels and Consonants (Gunita) 対 Gunita vs. Conjuncts

Learners mix up vowel signs with consonant clusters.

Kannada Syllable Building: Combining Vowels and Consonants (Gunita) 対 Short vs. Long Vowels

Learners ignore the length of the vowel sign.

Kannada Syllable Building: Combining Vowels and Consonants (Gunita) 対 Placement of signs

Learners put signs on the wrong side.

よくある間違い

✗

ಕ + ಿ

✓

ಕಿ

Vowel signs must be attached.
✗

ಕೀ

✓

ಕಿ

Confusing short and long vowels.
✗

ಕ ಾ

✓

ಕಾ

Spacing error.
✗

ಕೇ

✓

ಕೆ

Confusing vowel signs.
✗

ಕು

✓

ಕೂ

Length confusion.
✗

ಕೆ

✓

ಕೇ

Length confusion.
✗

ಕೈ

✓

ಕೆ

Confusing diphthongs.
✗

ಕೌ

✓

ಕೊ

Confusing vowel signs.
✗

ಕೀ

✓

ಕಿ

Contextual error.
✗

ಕೇ

✓

ಕೆ

Contextual error.
✗

ಕೃ

✓

ಕ

Confusing conjuncts with Gunita.
✗

ಕೈ

✓

ಕೇ

Confusing diphthongs.
✗

ಕೊ

✓

ಕೌ

Confusing vowel signs.
✗

ಕೀ

✓

ಕಿ

Length error.

文型パターン

ಇದು ___.

ನಾನು ___ ಹೋಗುತ್ತೇನೆ.

ಅವನು ___ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾನೆ.

ನನಗೆ ___ ಇಷ್ಟ.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

ಊಟ ಆಯ್ತಾ?

Social Media very common

ಸೂಪರ್!

Job Interview common

ನನ್ನ ಹೆಸರು...

Travel common

ಬೆಂಗಳೂರಿಗೆ ಹೋಗಿ.

Food Delivery common

ಊಟ ಆರ್ಡರ್ ಮಾಡಿ.

Reading Signs constant

ಶಾಲೆ

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🎯

The 'a' is Automatic

Never add a sign for the short 'a' sound. The letter itself already includes it! Adding a sign would change it to a different vowel.
⚠️

The Halanta Hook

If you see a small hook at the end of a letter (ಕ್, ಮ್), it means the vowel has been 'killed'. This is usually for half-consonants in clusters.
💬

Digital Kannada

When typing on a phone, you usually type the consonant then the vowel. The software automatically merges them into the Gunita form for you!

Smart Tips

Say the syllable aloud as you write it.

Writing silently. → Writing while saying 'ka', 'ki', 'ku'.

Use a reference chart.

Guessing the sign. → Checking the chart.

Group consonants by shape.

Random practice. → Grouping similar shapes.

Focus on the vowel sign first.

Reading the consonant first. → Identifying the vowel sign first.

発音

ki vs kii

Vowel Length

Short vowels are quick; long vowels are held for twice the time.

Question

Rising at the end.

Indicates a question.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of the vowel sign as a hat. You put the hat on the consonant to change its personality.

視覚的連想

Imagine a letter 'k' wearing different hats. A tall hat makes it 'kaa', a small cap makes it 'ki'.

Rhyme

Add a stroke to make it long, add a dot to make it strong.

Story

Once there was a letter 'Ka' who wanted to change his sound. He went to the Vowel Shop. He bought a long hat to become 'Kaa', a small cap to become 'Ki', and a heavy cloak to become 'Ku'. Now he can be any sound he wants!

Word Web

ಕಕಾಕಿಕೀಕುಕೂ

チャレンジ

Write the Gunita table for 'Ma' (ಮ) in 5 minutes.

文化メモ

Gunita is taught in all schools as the primary method of literacy.

Derived from the Brahmi script, evolving through Kadamba and Chalukya scripts.

会話のきっかけ

“

ನಿಮ್ಮ ಹೆಸರು ಏನು?

“

ಇದು ಏನು?

“

ನೀವು ಏನು ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿದ್ದೀರಿ?

“

ನಿಮಗೆ ಕನ್ನಡ ಯಾಕೆ ಇಷ್ಟ?

日記のテーマ

Write 5 words using the 'ka' Gunita.
Describe your day using simple sentences.
Why is learning a new language important?
Reflect on a cultural experience.

よくある間違い

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

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Test Yourself

Add the 'ā' (long A) sign to the letter 'ಮ' (ma) to make 'mā'.

ಮ್ + ಆ = ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ಮಾ
Adding the 'ā' sign (Deerga) to 'ma' results in 'mā'.
Which one is 'Ki' (short i)? 選択問題

Choose the correct syllable for 'Ki':

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ಕಿ
The top loop represents the short 'i' sound.
Fix the word 'House'. It should be 'Mane' (ಮನೆ). Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

ಮಿನೆ

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ಮನೆ
The 'e' sound in 'Mane' requires the Yatva sign on 'na', not the 'i' sign.

Score: /3

練習問題

8 exercises
Complete the syllable.

ಕ + ಾ = ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ಕಾ
The sign for 'aa' is ಾ.
Which is correct? 選択問題

How to write 'ki'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ಕಿ
The sign for 'i' is ಿ.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

ಕ ಿ (wrong)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ಕಿ
Signs must be attached.
Build a word. Sentence Building

ಮ + ು + ನ + ು

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ಮುನು
Correct combination.
Conjugate 'Pa'. Conjugation Drill

Pa + aa?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ಪಾ
Correct sign.
Match sign to sound. Match Pairs

ಿ to sound?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: i
Correct mapping.
Change to long vowel. Sentence Transformation

ಕಿ to long?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ಕೀ
Long vowel is ೀ.
Is it true? True False Rule

Gunita uses separate letters?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
It uses diacritics.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Translate the syllable 'Ku' into Kannada script. 翻訳

Ku

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ಕು
Match the vowel sign to its sound. Match Pairs

Match them:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: i, u, ā, ē
Reorder to say 'Give me water' (Nīru koḍi). Sentence Reorder

1. ಕೊಡಿ 2. ನೀರು

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 2, 1
Complete the word for 'Work' (Kelasa). 穴埋め問題

___ ಲ ಸ

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ಕೆ
Which word means 'Yes'? 選択問題

Select 'Haudu':

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ಹೌದು
Fix 'Bengaluru'. Error Correction

ಬೆಂಗಲೂರು

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು
Make the 'Mee' sound for 'Meeting'. 穴埋め問題

ಮ್ + ಈ = ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ಮೀ
Write 'No' (Illa) in Kannada. 翻訳

Illa

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ಇಲ್ಲ
Which sign is for long 'ū'? 選択問題

Identify the 'ū' sign:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ೂ
Correct the vowel in 'Coffee' (Kāphi). Error Correction

ಕಫಿ

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ಕಾಫಿ

Score: /10

よくある質問 (8)

It is the system of vowel signs in Kannada.

Yes, they are essential for correct spelling.

There are about 10-12 common ones.

No, you would only have consonants.

It is a standard orthographic rule.

It takes practice, but it is very logical.

The length of the vowel sound.

Write the Gunita table for all consonants.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish low

Vowels are separate letters.

Kannada integrates vowels into consonants.

French low

Vowels are separate letters.

Kannada integrates vowels into consonants.

German low

Vowels are separate letters.

Kannada integrates vowels into consonants.

Japanese moderate

Kana (syllabary).

Japanese kana are fixed; Kannada is modular.

Arabic high

Harakat (vowel marks).

Arabic marks are optional; Kannada matras are mandatory.

Chinese none

Logograms.

Kannada is phonetic; Chinese is logographic.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
カナダ語アルファベットの書き方 (Aksharamale)

Related Grammar Rules

A0

カナダ語アルファベットの書き方 (Aksharamale)

カナダ文字を見て、美しく複雑な落書きの連続のように見えたことはありませんか？ ... (Japanese Translation) ...
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