B1 Passive & Reported Speech 1 min read Mittel

Passive in Different Tenses

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Turn active sentences into passive by adding -il/-in suffixes to the verb stem to focus on the action, not the actor.

  • Add -il/-in to consonant-ending stems: 'yapmak' (to do) becomes 'yapılmak' (to be done).
  • Add -n/-l to vowel-ending stems: 'okumak' (to read) becomes 'okunmak' (to be read).
  • The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
Verb Stem + (-il/-in) + Tense Suffix + Person Suffix

Passive Voice Formation

Active Stem Passive Suffix Passive Stem Meaning
yap
-ıl
yapıl
to be done
oku
-n
okun
to be read
gör
-ül
görül
to be seen
yaz
-ıl
yazıl
to be written
sev
-il
sevil
to be loved
bul
-un
bulun
to be found

Meanings

The passive voice is used when the agent of the action is unknown, irrelevant, or intentionally omitted.

1

General Passive

Action performed on a subject without specifying the agent.

“Kitap yazıldı.”

“Ödevler yapıldı.”

2

Impersonal Passive

Used with intransitive verbs to express a general state.

“Burada çok gülündü.”

“Dün gece geç yatıldı.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Passive in Different Tenses
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Stem + Passive + Tense
Yapıldı (It was done)
Negative
Stem + Passive + Negative + Tense
Yapılmadı (It wasn't done)
Question
Stem + Passive + Tense + Question
Yapıldı mı? (Was it done?)
Neg. Question
Stem + Passive + Neg + Tense + Q
Yapılmadı mı? (Wasn't it done?)
Future
Stem + Passive + Future
Yapılacak (It will be done)
Continuous
Stem + Passive + Continuous
Yapılıyor (It is being done)

Formalitätsspektrum

Formell
Rapor yazıldı.

Rapor yazıldı. (Professional setting)

Neutral
Rapor yazıldı.

Rapor yazıldı. (Professional setting)

Informell
Raporu yazdılar.

Raporu yazdılar. (Professional setting)

Umgangssprache
Raporu hallettiler.

Raporu hallettiler. (Professional setting)

Passive Voice Logic

Passive Voice

Suffixes

  • -il consonant
  • -in l-stem
  • -n vowel

Beispiele nach Niveau

1

Kapı açıldı.

The door was opened.

2

Yemek yapıldı.

The food was made.

3

Kitap okundu.

The book was read.

4

Ödev bitti.

The homework was finished.

1

Bu ev 1990'da yapıldı.

This house was built in 1990.

2

Mektup gönderildi.

The letter was sent.

3

Pencere kırıldı.

The window was broken.

4

Çay içildi.

The tea was drunk.

1

Toplantı yarın yapılacak.

The meeting will be held tomorrow.

2

Kararlar alındı.

Decisions were taken.

3

Haberler izlendi.

The news was watched.

4

Sınav sonuçları açıklandı.

Exam results were announced.

1

Bu konu daha önce tartışılmıştı.

This topic had been discussed before.

2

Proje başarıyla tamamlandı.

The project was successfully completed.

3

Kurallar herkes tarafından biliniyor.

The rules are known by everyone.

4

Burada sigara içilmez.

Smoking is not allowed here.

1

Yeni yasalar mecliste onaylandı.

New laws were approved in parliament.

2

Eserleri dünya çapında tanınır.

His works are recognized worldwide.

3

Bu durum göz ardı edilemez.

This situation cannot be ignored.

4

Sistem yeniden yapılandırıldı.

The system was restructured.

1

Tarihsel süreçler dikkatle incelenmelidir.

Historical processes must be carefully examined.

2

Bu metinler antik dilde yazılmıştır.

These texts were written in an ancient language.

3

Kararların uygulanması beklenmektedir.

The implementation of the decisions is expected.

4

Gelenekler nesilden nesile aktarılır.

Traditions are passed from generation to generation.

Leicht verwechselbar

Passive in Different Tenses vs. Passive vs Reflexive

Both use -il/-in suffixes.

Passive in Different Tenses vs. Passive vs Active

Learners often use active when passive is more natural.

Passive in Different Tenses vs. Passive vs Causative

Both modify the verb stem.

Häufige Fehler

✗

yapmakıldı

✓

yapıldı

Don't add passive to the infinitive.
✗

okuldi

✓

okundu

Wrong suffix choice.
✗

yazildi

✓

yazıldı

Missing dotless i.
✗

görülmekdi

✓

görüldü

Double suffix error.
✗

yapılınır

✓

yapılır

Double passive suffix.
✗

yendi

✓

yenildi

Confusion with reflexive.
✗

gelindi

✓

gelindi (but intransitive)

Intransitive verbs in passive are impersonal.
✗

anlaşılınır

✓

anlaşılır

Redundant suffix.
✗

söylenildi

✓

söylendi

Suffix already contains passive.
✗

yapılacakdır

✓

yapılacaktır

Consonant assimilation.
✗

edilindi

✓

edildi

Incorrect stem modification.
✗

görülünür

✓

görünür

Confusing passive with reflexive.
✗

yapılmıyor

✓

yapılmıyor

Correct, but check context.

Satzmuster

___ ___ (passive verb) .

___ ___ (passive verb) -di.

___ ___ (passive verb) -ecek.

___ ___ (passive verb) -iyor.

Real World Usage

News constant

Kararlar açıklandı.

Social Media very common

Fotoğraflar paylaşıldı.

Work common

Toplantı yapıldı.

Travel occasional

Biletler kesildi.

Food Delivery common

Sipariş hazırlandı.

Texting occasional

Mesaj gönderildi.

💡

Vowel Harmony

Always check the last vowel of the stem.
⚠️

Double Passive

Never add two passive suffixes.
🎯

Context

Use passive to sound professional.
💬

Politeness

Passive avoids blaming.

Smart Tips

Use passive voice.

Biri kapıyı açtı. → Kapı açıldı.

Use passive for objectivity.

Ben raporu yazdım. → Rapor yazıldı.

Use passive for clarity.

Düğmeye bas. → Düğmeye basılır.

Use passive for general statements.

İnsanlar bunu yapar. → Bu yapılır.

Aussprache

yaz-ıl-dı / oku-n-du

Vowel Harmony

The suffix vowel must match the last vowel of the stem.

Falling

Kapı açıldı. ↓

Statement of fact.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of the 'L' and 'N' as 'L'et's 'N'ot name the doer.

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a giant robot (the action) doing something, but the human (the doer) is invisible behind a curtain.

Rhyme

Stem ends in vowel, add an N, if it's a consonant, add IL then.

Story

The chef cooked the meal. The meal was cooked. The chef disappeared. Now only the meal remains.

Word Web

yapılmakokunmakgörülmekyazılmakbulunmaksevilmek

Herausforderung

Look at 5 objects in your room and write a passive sentence for each (e.g., 'The lamp is turned on').

Kulturelle Hinweise

Passive is often used to avoid blaming someone directly.

The passive suffixes -il/-in are ancient Turkic markers.

Gesprächseinstiege

“

Bu ev ne zaman yapıldı?

“

Sınav sonuçları açıklandı mı?

“

Bu yemek nasıl yapılıyor?

“

Kararlar nasıl alınıyor?

Tagebuch-Impulse

Describe your house using passive voice.
Write a short news report about a local event.
Explain how a product is made.
Discuss a historical event using passive voice.

Häufige Fehler

Incorrect

Richtig

Incorrect

Richtig

Incorrect

Richtig

Incorrect

Richtig

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

Kapı ___ (aç-).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: açıldı
Passive past.
Choose the correct form. Multiple Choice

Kitap ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: okundu
Passive past.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Yemek yapıldıdı.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: yapıldı
Remove extra suffix.
Change to passive. Sentence Transformation

Ali kitabı okudu.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Kitap okundu.
Active to passive.
Conjugate. Conjugation Drill

Yaz- (passive, past).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: yazıldı
Correct conjugation.
Match. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: yapıldı-yapılmak
Passive match.
True or False? True False Rule

Passive uses -il/-in.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: True
Correct rule.
Complete. Dialogue Completion

A: Yemek bitti mi? B: Evet, ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: yapıldı
Contextual passive.

Score: /8

Ubungsaufgaben

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

Kapı ___ (aç-).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: açıldı
Passive past.
Choose the correct form. Multiple Choice

Kitap ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: okundu
Passive past.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Yemek yapıldıdı.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: yapıldı
Remove extra suffix.
Change to passive. Sentence Transformation

Ali kitabı okudu.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Kitap okundu.
Active to passive.
Conjugate. Conjugation Drill

Yaz- (passive, past).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: yazıldı
Correct conjugation.
Match. Match Pairs

Passive verbs.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: yapıldı-yapılmak
Passive match.
True or False? True False Rule

Passive uses -il/-in.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: True
Correct rule.
Complete. Dialogue Completion

A: Yemek bitti mi? B: Evet, ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: yapıldı
Contextual passive.

Score: /8

FAQ (8)

It's a way to focus on the action.

Add -il/-in to the stem.

When the agent is unknown.

Yes, very common.

Yes, all tenses.

Use -in.

Yes, reflexive is for oneself.

It makes speech professional.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish partial

se + verb

Suffix vs particle.

French low

être + past participle

Auxiliary vs suffix.

German low

werden + past participle

Auxiliary vs suffix.

Japanese high

-reru/-rareru

Agglutination style.

Arabic low

Internal vowel change

Vowel change vs suffix.

Chinese low

bei (被)

Particle vs suffix.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Agentive Passive (Tarafından)

Related Grammar Rules

B1

Passive Voice Suffixes (-in/-il)
B1

Agentive Passive (Tarafından)
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