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My Puzzle Robot is 200x Faster Than a Human
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مستوى CEFR
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الترجمة (547 مقاطع)
This is jigsaw.
He's a friendly little robot that's really, really good at only one thing:
Putting together any jigsaw puzzle, no matter how complicated.
Really, really fast.
It's taken us three years to get to this point,
but according to our initial tests, we have hopes he might be 200 times
faster than the fastest competitive jigsaw puzzler in the world.
So today, we're going to walk through what it took
to get ready for the ultimate robot versus human face off.
And along the way, we may just discover some tricks
you might find helpful as a mere human jigsaw puzzler yourself.
But before we unpack how jigsaw does what he does
I first want to give us humans some well-deserved credit
because while this seems pretty straightforward of me
to be able to pick up and arrange
these 12 pieces of a puzzle, I'm actually doing four very complicated tasks.
The first is just picking up a piece.
Have you ever stopped to think just how amazing our hands are?
Hiding beneath that skin are 27 bones and 34 muscles,
which makes them flexible and strong, but they're also incredibly precise and dexterous
thanks to the high concentration of nerves in our fingertips
for sensing pressure textures, and temperature.
We've also evolved to have opposable thumbs,
which makes it way easier to hold tools
and to manipulate and pick things up
than if it was just five fingers all side by side.
Step two is rotating the piece
to the correct orientation, which again is pretty straightforward
when you have all the abilities I just mentioned.
For step three,
we need to move the piece into position, and that requires our whole arm.
As I’ve mentioned before
most vertebrae have the same basic arm bone configuration
from a human to a bat, to a chicken to a turtle to a dolphin.
But when you include the hand, our configuration
is the most technically capable arm
of any living thing to have ever existed on this planet.
If you imagine a large cube in front of me, it's wild that us humans
can move this puzzle piece to any position and orientation within that cube.
That's really hard for a robot
or pretty much any other species to do for that matter.
For step four,
we have to decide where this piece should go
and for us humans, it's hard
it’s hard to explain how
but when we look at this, it just very quickly feels super obvious
this piece should go here.
What's actually happening, though, is our eyes communicate
visual perception to our brains, which then subconsciously synthesize
a complicated combination of pattern recognition, spatial reasoning,
visual memory, and executive function, and as a result, in fractions of a second?
The answer just feels obvious.
And not to brag.
But this is once again where us humans are the undisputed champions.
Our complex brains are what make us special.
Physically, we're kind of unremarkable in the animal kingdom.
We're not faster than cheetahs or stronger than bears.
We can't swim as well as dolphins or fly like an eagle.
It's our brains that make up 2% of our body weight,
yet they consume 20% of our energy every day.
And that ratio is higher than any other living thing ever.
And it's the reason we're the ultimate apex predators
because it allows for the huge survival advantages that come from tool use planning,
problem solving, language, and large scale cooperation with other humans.
It's also what has possibly, up until this moment
in history, made us the best...
at jigsaw puzzles.
So if we wanted to make a robot that was as good
or better than us at puzzles, our daunting challenge
was to take the 200 million years
of evolution that enabled those four steps,
and figure out how to translate it into things
a robot can do
For number one, to pick up a piece
in lieu of an opposable thumb and 27 hand bones
we used a tiny, specialized suction cup
that's often used to manipulate small objects on assembly lines.
This solenoid here can cut off and then connect to this vacuum pump,
which means we could turn on the suction exactly when we want to pick it up,
and then turn it off
exactly when we want to let it go
For number two
we attached the suction cup grabber of jigsaw
to this very fine tuned donut motor.
That's precise to an incredible 0.005 degrees.
That means if you attached an infinitely sharp knife to the end of the motor,
it could slice your circular birthday cake into over 65,000 pieces.
For number three to move a piece around, we modified our avid CNC router
we're constantly using around here for our large builds
by upgrading the motors to ClearPath industrial servo motors.
These are the same motors we used on the Dominator.
Our autonomous Domino robot.
Once we did this, we saw it could
accurately place a puzzle piece down to .0005 inches
That's one tenth the width of a human hair,
which means, as you can see here,
jigsaw can take the lead out of a mechanical pencil
and move all around the table, and then come back and put the lead right back in.
So now that jigsaw could pick up
rotate, and move any piece with terrifying precision.
The only thing he lacked was step four, knowing exactly where to place the pieces.
And as you might guess, this was by far the hardest one to solve
because all the subconscious work performed by neural pathways in our brain
that handle pattern recognition and spatial reasoning, that makes finding
that makes finding the right piece feel so obvious to us
is a really, really hard problem to solve
using just computer logic and code
To make matters worse
just as we were really struggling to come up with a good solution to this problem,
the most devastating thing that can happen as a YouTuber actually happened.
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