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A2 noun #4,000 am häufigsten 9 Min. Lesezeit

نَجْم

najm
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At the A1 level, you learn the word 'Najm' as a basic noun for 'star'. You will see it in simple picture books or basic sentences about nature. It is one of the first 500 words you should know. At this stage, focus on the singular form 'Najm' and the plural 'Nujum'. You use it to describe what you see in the sky at night. For example: 'The star is small' or 'I see the star'. It is a 'Sun Letter' word, so the 'L' in 'Al' is silent: 'An-Najm'. This is a great word to practice your basic Arabic pronunciation and the 'J' sound. You might also see it in the context of 'star' shapes in a classroom.
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At the A2 level, you begin to use 'Najm' in more descriptive sentences. You will learn to add adjectives like 'bright' (laami') or 'distant' (ba'id). You also start to understand the metaphorical use of 'Najm' to mean a 'celebrity' or a 'famous person'. In A2, you should be able to say things like 'He is a football star' or 'The stars are beautiful tonight'. You will also learn the feminine form 'Najma' and how to use it as a name or to refer to a single star-shaped object. You should also be aware of the plural agreement rule: 'Nujum' (stars) is a non-human plural, so the adjectives you use with it should be feminine singular.
At the B1 level, you move into more functional and social uses of the word. You will hear 'Najm' in news reports about famous actors or athletes. You will learn common phrases like 'five-star hotel' (funduq khams nujum). You should be able to discuss your favorite 'stars' and explain why they are famous. At this stage, you also encounter 'Najm' in more complex grammatical structures, such as the Idafa construction (e.g., 'Najm al-shashah' - Star of the screen). You are also expected to distinguish between 'Najm' (star) and 'Kawkab' (planet) in basic scientific or conversational contexts. You might start reading short stories where 'Najm' is used to symbolize hope or guidance.
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At the B2 level, you explore the word's usage in more formal and academic contexts. You will learn about 'Ilm al-Nujum' (astronomy/astrology) and how stars were used for navigation in Arab history. You should be able to understand and use idiomatic expressions like 'His star has risen' (bazagha najmuhu) to describe someone's success. Your vocabulary will expand to include specific types of stars, like 'Najm Qutbi' (North Star). You will also be able to read more sophisticated literature and poetry where 'Najm' is a central metaphor. You should be comfortable using the word in debates about fame, media, and the impact of 'stars' on society.
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At the C1 level, you delve into the deep etymological and literary nuances of 'Najm'. You will study its roots in classical Arabic and how it appears in the Quran and classical poetry (Mu'allaqat). You will understand the subtle differences between 'Najm', 'Kawkab', 'Shihab', and 'Thurayya'. You should be able to analyze how the concept of the 'star' has shaped Arabic thought, from desert navigation to modern political metaphors. You will also encounter the word in complex legal or formal texts, such as 'Nujum al-fada' (space stars) in scientific journals. At this level, you can use the word with precision in high-level academic writing and formal oratory.
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At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'Najm' and all its archaic, dialectal, and specialized meanings. You can appreciate the word's role in the 'Maqamat' or other classical literary genres. You understand the historical transition of the word from a botanical term (trunkless plants) to its celestial and modern metaphorical meanings. You can discuss the nuances of 'Najm' in different Arabic dialects (like the 'G' pronunciation in Egypt) and how it affects cultural perception. You are capable of using 'Najm' in creative writing to evoke complex emotions and historical parallels. You are also aware of the most obscure astronomical terms related to the word.
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  • Najm means 'star' in Arabic, referring to both celestial bodies and famous people.
  • The plural is 'Nujum', which is treated as feminine singular for adjective agreement.
  • It comes from a root meaning 'to appear' or 'to rise'.
  • It is a 'Sun Letter' word, pronounced 'An-Najm' with the definite article.

The Arabic word نَجْم (Najm) is a fundamental noun in the Arabic language, primarily referring to a star in the celestial sense. Rooted in the Semitic triliteral root ن-ج-م (N-J-M), which conveys the core meaning of appearing, rising, or emerging, it describes those brilliant points of light that punctuate the night sky. In a literal, scientific context, it refers to any celestial body of hot gases that emits light through nuclear fusion. However, its usage extends far beyond the telescope. In modern Arabic, much like in English, the word has evolved to describe individuals of great talent or fame, particularly in the worlds of cinema, sports, and music. When you call someone a Najm, you are highlighting their prominence and the way they 'shine' above others in their field.

Literal Meaning
A star in the sky; a celestial body that emits its own light.
Metaphorical Meaning
A celebrity or a person who excels significantly in a specific domain.
Botanical Meaning
In certain classical contexts, it can refer to herbage or plants that do not have a trunk, appearing and emerging from the earth.

نَظَرْتُ إِلَى نَجْمٍ بَعِيدٍ فِي السَّمَاءِ الصَّافِيَةِ.

(I looked at a distant star in the clear sky.)

Historically, stars were the primary tools for navigation in the vast Arabian deserts. Therefore, the word Najm carries a connotation of guidance and direction. To 'follow a star' in Arabic culture is not just a poetic expression but was a survival necessity for travelers and sailors. This cultural depth adds a layer of 'reliability' and 'truth' to the word. When Arabs speak of stars, they aren't just talking about distant fireballs; they are talking about the ancient GPS of their ancestors. This is why you will see the word appearing frequently in classical poetry to describe the eyes of a lover or the brilliance of a leader's wisdom.

يُعْتَبَرُ هَذَا اللَّاعِبُ نَجْمَ الْفَرِيقِ الْأَوَّلَ.

(This player is considered the team's primary star.)

In contemporary media, you will encounter Najm in headlines daily. It is the standard term for a movie star (najm sinima'i) or a superstar (najm saati'). Interestingly, while the plural nujum is used for the physical stars in the sky, it is also used for a group of celebrities. For instance, a 'five-star hotel' is translated as funduq khams nujum, using the plural form to denote quality and luxury. This transition from a physical guide in the desert to a symbol of luxury and social status shows the dynamic nature of the word across centuries of Arabic development.

السَّمَاءُ مَلِيئَةٌ بِـ النُّجُومِ اللَّامِعَةِ هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةَ.

(The sky is full of shining stars tonight.)

Using the word نَجْم effectively requires an understanding of its grammatical versatility and its plural forms. As a masculine noun, it takes masculine adjectives and verbs. However, its most common plural, نُجُوم (Nujum), is a broken plural (pluralis fractus), and because it refers to non-human entities (the celestial stars), it is often treated as a feminine singular in terms of adjective agreement in Modern Standard Arabic. For example, you would say nujum laami'ah (shining stars), where laami'ah is feminine singular.

Singular Usage
Used for a single star or a single celebrity. Example: 'The star rose' (tala'a an-najm).
Plural (Nujum)
The standard plural for celestial bodies and general groups of famous people.
Plural (Anjum)
A plural of paucity (plural of small numbers), used for 3 to 10 stars, though less common in modern speech.

هَلْ تَرَى ذَلِكَ النَّجْمَ الْقُطْبِيَّ؟

(Do you see that North Star?)

In sentences concerning fame, Najm is often followed by a genitive construction (Idafa) to specify the field of expertise. For instance, najm al-ghina' (star of singing) or najm al-shashah (star of the screen). When describing the quality of a star, adjectives like mutala'li' (twinkling), ba'id (distant), or sati' (bright/radiant) are frequently employed. It is also important to note that when used as a name, Najm is a traditional masculine name, while Najma is the feminine version, often given to girls to mean 'a single star' or 'precious'.

أَصْبَحَ الشَّابُّ نَجْمًا مَشْهُورًا فِي وَقْتٍ قَصِيرٍ.

(The young man became a famous star in a short time.)

Furthermore, the word appears in various idiomatic structures. To say 'His star has risen' (bazagha najmuhu) means he has become successful or famous. Conversely, 'His star has set' (afala najmuhu) implies a decline in fame or power. These expressions are common in political and social commentary. In scientific writing, you will find it in terms like najm naytruni (neutron star) or infijar najmi (stellar explosion/supernova). The word's adaptability allows it to move seamlessly between a romantic poem and an astrophysics textbook.

تَلْمَعُ النُّجُومُ فِي اللَّيَالِي الْمُظْلِمَةِ.

(Stars shine in dark nights.)

You will encounter نَجْم in a vast array of contexts, from the most sacred religious texts to the most mundane celebrity tabloids. In the Arab world, the sky has always been a source of wonder and a practical tool. If you are in a rural area or the desert, you might hear older generations discussing the 'rising of certain stars' to predict weather changes or agricultural seasons. This traditional knowledge, known as Ilm al-Anwa', relies heavily on the terminology of Najm and its plural Nujum.

News & Entertainment
Used constantly to refer to actors, singers, and athletes. 'Najm al-mubarah' (Star of the match) is a phrase you will hear after every football game.
Religious Context
Recited in the Quran and mentioned in Hadith, often symbolizing the vastness of God's creation or providing guidance.
Daily Life & Travel
In the hospitality industry, stars indicate the quality of service. A 'five-star' experience is universally understood as 'khams nujum'.

مَنْ هُوَ نَجْمُكَ الْمُفَضَّلُ فِي هَذَا الْمُسَلْسَلِ؟

(Who is your favorite star in this series?)

In educational settings, teachers use Najm when teaching science or geography. Children are often given 'star' stickers for good performance, called najmah. If you visit an observatory in an Arabic-speaking country, the guides will use Najm to describe various stellar phenomena. Moreover, in the realm of poetry—which remains highly valued in Arab culture—the star is a recurring motif for beauty, hope, and the unattainable. A poet might compare their beloved's face to a 'shining star that guides the lost'.

سَنُقِيمُ فِي فُنْدُقٍ مِنْ فِئَةِ الْخَمْسِ نُجُومٍ.

(We will stay in a five-star hotel.)

Finally, you will hear it in political discourse. When a new leader or a rising political figure appears, commentators might say 'A new star has appeared in the political sky' (zahara najmun jadid fi sama' al-siyasah). This metaphorical usage is very common in newspapers like Al-Jazeera or Asharq Al-Awsat. Whether it is the literal light in the sky or the metaphorical light of a person's talent, Najm is a word that signifies brightness, elevation, and guidance across all levels of Arabic society.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing نَجْم (Najm) with كَوْكَب (Kawkab). While in casual English, 'star' and 'planet' are distinct, in ancient Arabic, the distinction was sometimes blurred, but in modern usage, they are strictly different. A Najm is a star (like the Sun), whereas a Kawkab is a planet (like Mars or Earth). Calling a planet a Najm is a scientific error that modern speakers will notice immediately.

Confusion with Planet
Mistaking 'Najm' (Star) for 'Kawkab' (Planet).
Plural Agreement
Using masculine adjectives with 'Nujum'. Remember, non-human plurals are feminine singular.
Pronunciation of 'J'
In Egyptian Arabic, it is 'Nagm', but in MSA and most dialects, it is 'Najm'. Consistency is key.

خَطَأ: هَذِهِ النُّجُومُ جَمِيلُونَ. صَوَاب: هَذِهِ النُّجُومُ جَمِيلَةٌ.

(Wrong: These stars are [masculine plural] beautiful. Right: These stars are [feminine singular] beautiful.)

Another common error is related to the plural forms. While Nujum is the standard plural, some students try to use the regular masculine plural ending -un (Najmun), which is incorrect. Arabic uses 'broken plurals' for most common nouns, and Najm is no exception. Additionally, learners often forget the 'shadda' (doubling) on the 'N' when the definite article Al- is added. It is pronounced An-Najm, not Al-Najm, because 'N' is a 'Sun Letter' (Harf Shamsi).

Finally, be careful with the word Najma (star/starlet). While Najm can be used for both men and women in a general sense (e.g., 'She is a star'), Najma is specifically feminine and is often used as a proper name or to refer specifically to a female celebrity. Using the masculine form for a female star is grammatically acceptable in some contexts as a generic noun, but using the feminine form Najma is more precise when referring to a woman.

تُعْتَبَرُ هِيَ نَجْمَةَ الْحَفْلِ.

(She is considered the star of the party.)

Arabic is a language rich in synonyms, each carrying a slightly different nuance. While نَجْم is the most common word for a star, you might encounter other terms depending on whether you are reading poetry, a science book, or a religious text. Understanding these alternatives will help you appreciate the depth of Arabic literature and precise scientific descriptions.

كَوْكَب (Kawkab)
Modernly means 'planet'. In classical Arabic, it often referred to any bright celestial body, including stars. In the Quran, it is used for bright, shining objects.
شِهَاب (Shihab)
Refers to a shooting star or a meteor. It conveys the idea of a 'flame' or a 'bright streak' in the sky.
جِرْم سَمَاوِي (Jirm Samawi)
Literally 'celestial body'. This is a more formal and scientific term used in astronomy to include stars, planets, and moons.
مَشْهُور (Mashhur)
The literal word for 'famous'. While a 'Najm' is a star (celebrity), 'Mashhur' is simply the adjective for being well-known.

رَأَيْتُ شِهَابًا يَسْقُطُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ.

(I saw a shooting star falling from the sky.)

In a poetic context, you might see the word Thurayya. While this specifically refers to the Pleiades star cluster, it is used metaphorically in Arabic to represent something very high, noble, or out of reach. If someone says 'His head is in the Thurayya', they mean he is very ambitious or arrogant. Another interesting comparison is with Qamar (Moon). While stars are numerous and guide travelers, the moon is often the primary symbol of beauty in Arabic poetry. A 'Najm' is bright, but a 'Qamar' is the ultimate standard of a beautiful face.

الْمُشْتَرِي هُوَ أَكْبَرُ كَوْكَبٍ فِي مَجْمُوعَتِنَا الشَّمْسِيَّةِ.

(Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system.)

How Formal Is It?

Formell

"يُعَدُّ النَّجْمُ مَصْدَرًا لِلطَّاقَةِ."

Neutral

"رَأَيْتُ نَجْمًا جَمِيلًا."

Informell

"يَا نَجْم، كَيْفَ حَالُكَ؟"

Child friendly

"انْظُرْ إِلَى النَّجْمَةِ الصَّغِيرَةِ."

Umgangssprache

"أَنْتَ نَجْمٌ!"

Wusstest du?

The root N-J-M is also used in Arabic for 'installments' (tanjim) because payments appear at specific intervals, much like stars appearing at specific times.

Aussprachehilfe

UK /nadʒm/
US /nɑːdʒm/
The stress is entirely on the single syllable 'Najm'.
Reimt sich auf
حَجْم (Hajm - size) رَجْم (Rajm - stoning) عَجْم (Ajm - stones of fruit) هَجْم (Hajm - attacking) نَظْم (Nazm - order/poetry) فَهْم (Fahm - understanding) رَسْم (Rasm - drawing) نَسْم (Nasm - breeze)
Häufige Fehler
  • Pronouncing the 'L' in 'Al-Najm'. It should be 'An-Najm'.
  • Using a soft 'zh' sound like in 'measure' instead of a firm 'j' like in 'jam'.
  • In Egyptian Arabic, it is pronounced with a hard 'G' (Nagm), which learners might confuse with the standard 'J'.
  • Shortening the vowel too much so it sounds like 'Nijm'.
  • Adding an extra vowel at the end (Naj-ma) when referring to the masculine singular.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 1/5

Very easy to read; simple three-letter root.

Schreiben 2/5

Easy, but remember the Shadda on the 'N' in the definite form.

Sprechen 2/5

Simple pronunciation, though the 'J' varies by dialect.

Hören 1/5

Distinctive sound, easy to recognize in speech.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

سَمَاء (Sky) لَيْل (Night) نُور (Light) رَأَى (To see) كَبِير (Big)

Als Nächstes lernen

كَوْكَب (Planet) فَضَاء (Space) مَجَرَّة (Galaxy) تِلِسْكُوب (Telescope) رَائِدُ فَضَاء (Astronaut)

Fortgeschritten

سَدِيم (Nebula) ثَقْبٌ أَسْوَد (Black hole) مُسْتَعِرٌ أَعْظَم (Supernova) أُفُقُ الْحَدَثِ (Event horizon) الْقَدْرُ الظَّاهِرِيُّ (Apparent magnitude)

Wichtige Grammatik

Sun Letters (Al-Huruf al-Shamsiyyah)

The 'N' in 'Najm' causes the 'L' in 'Al' to be assimilated: An-Najm.

Non-Human Plural Agreement

Nujum (plural) takes feminine singular adjectives: Nujum laami'ah.

Broken Plurals (Jam' Taksir)

Najm becomes Nujum, changing its internal structure rather than adding a suffix.

Idafa (Genitive Construct)

Najm al-mubarah (Star of the match) - the first noun is light, the second is definite.

Noun-Adjective Agreement

Najmun kabirun (A big star) - both must match in gender and case.

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Beispiele nach Niveau

1

هَذَا نَجْمٌ.

This is a star.

Simple demonstrative sentence (Mubtada and Khabar).

2

أَنَا أَرَى النَّجْمَ.

I see the star.

Verb-Subject-Object structure.

3

النَّجْمُ جَمِيلٌ.

The star is beautiful.

Adjective agreement (Masculine Singular).

4

أَيْنَ النَّجْمُ؟

Where is the star?

Interrogative sentence.

5

النَّجْمُ فِي السَّمَاءِ.

The star is in the sky.

Prepositional phrase usage.

6

هَذِهِ نُجُومٌ.

These are stars.

Demonstrative for non-human plural (Hadihi).

7

النَّجْمُ صَغِيرٌ.

The star is small.

Basic adjective usage.

8

يُوجَدُ نَجْمٌ هُنَاكَ.

There is a star over there.

Use of 'yujad' for existence.

1

النَّجْمُ يَلْمَعُ فِي اللَّيْلِ.

The star shines at night.

Present tense verb usage.

2

مُحَمَّد صَلَاح نَجْمُ كُرَةِ الْقَدَمِ.

Mohamed Salah is a football star.

Idafa construction (Najm al-kura).

3

النُّجُومُ بَعِيدَةٌ جِدًّا.

The stars are very distant.

Non-human plural agreement (Feminine Singular adjective).

4

رَسَمْتُ نَجْمَةً صَفْرَاءَ.

I drew a yellow star.

Feminine noun 'Najma' with adjective.

5

تُحِبُّ أُخْتِي النُّجُومَ اللَّامِعَةَ.

My sister loves the shining stars.

Definite plural with adjective.

6

هَلْ تَعْرِفُ اسْمَ هَذَا النَّجْمِ؟

Do you know the name of this star?

Genitive case (Idafa).

7

نَمْنَا تَحْتَ النُّجُومِ.

We slept under the stars.

Preposition 'tahta'.

8

أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَكُونَ نَجْمًا مَشْهُورًا.

I want to be a famous star.

Subjunctive mood after 'an'.

1

فُنْدُقُنَا مِنَ فِئَةِ الْخَمْسِ نُجُومٍ.

Our hotel is a five-star category.

Numerical construction with plural.

2

ظَهَرَ نَجْمٌ جَدِيدٌ فِي عَالَمِ الْفَنِّ.

A new star appeared in the world of art.

Metaphorical usage.

3

كَانَ الْعَرَبُ يَهْتَدُونَ بِالنُّجُومِ فِي الصَّحْرَاءِ.

The Arabs used to be guided by the stars in the desert.

Past continuous meaning with 'kana'.

4

كُلُّ نَجْمٍ لَهُ مَدَارٌ خَاصٌّ بِهِ.

Every star has its own orbit.

Use of 'kull' followed by indefinite singular.

5

لَا يُمْكِنُنَا رُؤْيَةُ النُّجُومِ بِسَبَبِ السُّحُبِ.

We cannot see the stars because of the clouds.

Causal phrase 'bisabab'.

6

تَحَدَّثَ الْمُذِيعُ مَعَ نَجْمِ الْفِلْمِ.

The presenter talked with the star of the movie.

Idafa with a noun of profession.

7

تَبْدُو النُّجُومُ كَأَنَّهَا مَصَابِيحُ صَغِيرَةٌ.

The stars look as if they are small lamps.

Simile using 'ka-annaha'.

8

هَذَا الْبَرْنَامَجُ يَصْنَعُ النُّجُومَ.

This program makes stars (celebrities).

Modern metaphorical idiom.

1

بَزَغَ نَجْمُهُ بَعْدَ نَجَاحِ رِوَايَتِهِ الْأُولَى.

His star rose after the success of his first novel.

Idiomatic expression for success.

2

الشَّمْسُ هِيَ أَقْرَبُ نَجْمٍ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ.

The Sun is the closest star to the Earth.

Superlative 'aqrab'.

3

دَرَسَ الْعُلَمَاءُ دَوْرَةَ حَيَاةِ النَّجْمِ.

Scientists studied the life cycle of the star.

Scientific terminology.

4

يَتَلَأْلَأُ النَّجْمُ فِي أُفُقِ السَّمَاءِ.

The star twinkles on the horizon of the sky.

Advanced verb 'yatala'la'.

5

أَفَلَ نَجْمُ تِلْكَ الْإِمْبِرَاطُورِيَّةِ بَعْدَ الْحَرْبِ.

The star of that empire set after the war.

Idiom for decline.

6

تَعَدُّ النُّجُومُ النَّيْتْرُونِيَّةُ مِنْ أَكْثَرِ الْأَجْرَامِ كَثَافَةً.

Neutron stars are among the densest celestial bodies.

Technical scientific adjective.

7

كَانَ لِلنُّجُومِ دَوْرٌ حَاسِمٌ فِي الْمَلَاحَةِ الْبَحْرِيَّةِ.

Stars had a decisive role in maritime navigation.

Historical context.

8

أَصْبَحَتْ هِيَ النَّجْمَةَ الْأَعْلَى أَجْرًا فِي هُولِيوُود.

She became the highest-paid star in Hollywood.

Complex noun phrase.

1

قَسَمٌ بِالنَّجْمِ إِذَا هَوَى، مَا ضَلَّ صَاحِبُكُمْ.

An oath by the star when it goes down; your companion has not strayed.

Quranic style and oath structure.

2

تَغَنَّى الشُّعَرَاءُ بِالنُّجُومِ كَرَمْزٍ لِلْأَمَلِ وَالْجَمَالِ.

Poets sang of the stars as a symbol of hope and beauty.

Literary usage.

3

يُشِيرُ لَفْظُ 'النَّجْمِ' فِي بَعْضِ التَّفَاسِيرِ إِلَى النَّبَاتِ الَّذِي لَا سَاقَ لَهُ.

The term 'Najm' in some interpretations refers to plants that have no trunk.

Classical linguistic nuance.

4

اسْتَعَانَ الْمَلَّاحُونَ الْقُدَامَى بِمَوَاقِعِ النُّجُومِ لِتَحْدِيدِ خُطُوطِ الْعَرْضِ.

Ancient mariners used the positions of stars to determine latitude.

Historical/Scientific register.

5

تَتَفَاوَتُ النُّجُومُ فِي أَحْجَامِهَا وَأَلْوَانِهَا حَسَبَ دَرَجَةِ حَرَارَتِهَا.

Stars vary in their sizes and colors according to their temperature.

Academic descriptive style.

6

بَاتَ النَّجْمُ السِّينِمَائِيُّ عُرْضَةً لِأَضْوَاءِ الشُّهْرَةِ الْقَاسِيَةِ.

The movie star became subject to the harsh lights of fame.

Metaphorical/Journalistic style.

7

إِنَّ ارْتِبَاطَ النُّجُومِ بِالْقَدَرِ كَانَ شَائِعًا فِي الثَّقَافَاتِ الْقَدِيمَةِ.

The association of stars with fate was common in ancient cultures.

Sociological/Historical analysis.

8

لَا تَقُلْ 'الْمُشْتَرِي نَجْمٌ' بَلْ قُلْ 'كَوْكَبٌ' دِقَّةً فِي التَّعْبِيرِ.

Do not say 'Jupiter is a star', but say 'a planet' for precision in expression.

Linguistic correction.

1

تَجَلَّى النَّجْمُ فِي كَبِدِ السَّمَاءِ كَدُرَّةٍ يَتِيمَةٍ.

The star manifested in the heart of the sky like a unique pearl.

High poetic register.

2

اسْتَغْلَقَ فَهْمُ طَبِيعَةِ النُّجُومِ الثَّاقِبَةِ عَلَى الْأَقْدَمِينَ.

Understanding the nature of piercing stars was elusive to the ancients.

Complex verb and abstract subject.

3

يُعَدُّ 'النَّجْمُ' مِنْ حَيْثُ الِاشْتِقَاقِ كُلَّ مَا طَلَعَ وَظَهَرَ.

In terms of derivation, 'Najm' is everything that has risen and appeared.

Etymological analysis.

4

فِي عِلْمِ الْفَلَكِ الْحَدِيثِ، النَّجْمُ جِرْمٌ غَازِيٌّ مُتَوَهِّجٌ.

In modern astronomy, a star is a glowing gaseous body.

Scientific definition.

5

لَقَدْ أَضْحَى مَفْهُومُ 'النَّجْمِيَّةِ' ظَاهِرَةً سُوسْيُولُوجِيَّةً مُعَقَّدَةً.

The concept of 'stardom' has become a complex sociological phenomenon.

Abstract noun formation (-iya).

6

تَحْتَ رِدَاءِ اللَّيْلِ، تَنْسِجُ النُّجُومُ حِكَايَاتِ الْأَزَلِ.

Under the cloak of night, the stars weave tales of eternity.

Personification and metaphor.

7

إِنَّ انْكِدَارَ النُّجُومِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مَذْكُورٌ فِي النُّصُوصِ الدِّينِيَّةِ.

The darkening of stars on the Day of Judgment is mentioned in religious texts.

Theological/Eschatological context.

8

مَا بَيْنَ نَجْمٍ آفِلٍ وَآخَرَ بَازِغٍ، تَتَحَرَّكُ عَجَلَةُ التَّارِيخِ.

Between a setting star and a rising one, the wheel of history moves.

Philosophical antithesis.

Häufige Kollokationen

نَجْمٌ سَاطِعٌ
نُجُومُ السِّينِمَا
نَجْمُ الْقُطْبِ
خَمْسُ نُجُومٍ
نَجْمٌ بَازِغٌ
عِلْمُ النُّجُومِ
نَجْمٌ مُذَنَّبٌ
تَحْتَ النُّجُومِ
نَجْمُ الْمُبَارَاةِ
نَجْمٌ هَاوٍ

Häufige Phrasen

نَجْمُ الشَّاشَةِ

— The star of the screen (TV or Cinema star).

يُحِبُّ الْجَمِيعُ نَجْمَ الشَّاشَةِ الْجَدِيدَ.

عَدُّ النُّجُومِ

— Counting the stars; often implies staying up all night or doing something impossible.

سَهِرْتُ اللَّيْلَ أَعُدُّ النُّجُومَ.

نَجْمُ السُّهَيْلِ

— Canopus; a famous star used in the desert to signal the end of summer.

ظُهُورُ نَجْمِ سُهَيْلٍ يَعْنِي بَرْدَ الْجَوِّ.

نُجُومُ الظُّهْرِ

— Literally 'stars of noon'; used to mean making someone see stars from pain or trouble.

أَرَاهُ نُجُومَ الظُّهْرِ بِسَبَبِ أَفْعَالِهِ.

نَجْمِي الْمُفَضَّلُ

— My favorite star (celebrity).

مَنْ هُوَ نَجْمُكَ الْمُفَضَّلُ؟

السَّمَاءُ مُرَصَّعَةٌ بِالنُّجُومِ

— The sky is studded with stars.

كَانَتِ السَّمَاءُ مُرَصَّعَةً بِالنُّجُومِ اللَّامِعَةِ.

نَجْمٌ لَامِعٌ

— A shining star (literal or metaphorical).

هِيَ نَجْمٌ لَامِعٌ فِي مَدْرَسَتِهَا.

بَعِيدٌ كَالنُّجُومِ

— As distant as the stars; used for something unattainable.

حُلْمُهُ بَعِيدٌ كَالنُّجُومِ.

نَجْمٌ مُحْتَرِقٌ

— A burning star; used scientifically or for someone burning out.

النَّجْمُ الْمُحْتَرِقُ يُضِيءُ الْفَضَاءَ.

لَيْلَةٌ نُجُومُهَا كَثِيرَةٌ

— A night with many stars.

كَانَتْ لَيْلَةً نُجُومُهَا كَثِيرَةٌ وَصَافِيَةٌ.

Wird oft verwechselt mit

نَجْم vs كَوْكَب

Kawkab is a planet; Najm is a star. Don't call the Earth a Najm!

نَجْم vs شَمْس

Shams is the specific name for our star (the Sun). All Suns are Najm, but only ours is Shams.

نَجْم vs قَمَر

Qamar is a moon. It reflects light, while a Najm emits it.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"بَزَغَ نَجْمُهُ"

— His star rose; he became famous or successful.

بَزَغَ نَجْمُهُ فِي عَالَمِ التِّجَارَةِ.

Formal
"أَفَلَ نَجْمُهُ"

— His star set; his fame or power declined.

أَفَلَ نَجْمُ الْفَنَّانِ بَعْدَ اعْتِزَالِهِ.

Formal
"أَرَاهُ نُجُومَ الظُّهْرِ"

— To make someone see stars at noon; to give someone a very hard time or punish them.

سَأُرِيهِ نُجُومَ الظُّهْرِ إِنْ كَذَبَ عَلَيَّ.

Informal
"نَجْمُهُ خَفِيفٌ"

— His star is light; a folk belief that someone is easily affected by the 'evil eye' or magic.

يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ نَجْمَهُ خَفِيفٌ لِذَلِكَ يَمْرَضُ كَثِيرًا.

Folk/Informal
"مَكْتُوبٌ فِي النُّجُومِ"

— Written in the stars; destined to happen.

لِقَاؤُنَا كَانَ مَكْتُوبًا فِي النُّجُومِ.

Modern/Translated
"وَصَلَ إِلَى النُّجُومِ"

— Reached the stars; achieved the highest possible success.

بِاجْتِهَادِهِ، وَصَلَ إِلَى النُّجُومِ.

Neutral
"نَجْمُ الْحَفْلِ"

— The star of the party; the most important person at an event.

كَانَ الْعَرِيسُ نَجْمَ الْحَفْلِ بِلا مُنَازِعٍ.

Neutral
"سُهَيْلٌ فِي الْأُفُقِ"

— Canopus in the horizon; a sign of relief or a change in conditions.

ظَهَرَ سُهَيْلٌ، فَبَشَّرَ النَّاسَ بِالْمَطَرِ.

Traditional
"نُجُومُ السَّمَاءِ أَقْرَبُ لَكَ"

— The stars of the sky are closer to you (than what you want); used to say something is impossible.

نُجُومُ السَّمَاءِ أَقْرَبُ لَكَ مِنْ نَيْلِ هَذَا الْمَنْصِبِ.

Informal/Proverbial
"يَقْطِفُ النُّجُومَ"

— Plucking the stars; doing the impossible for someone.

مُسْتَعِدٌّ أَنْ يَقْطِفَ لَهَا النُّجُومَ.

Poetic

Leicht verwechselbar

نَجْم vs نَجَمَ

It is the verb form of the same root.

Najama (verb) means to result from or to appear, while Najm (noun) is the star itself.

نَجَمَ عَنِ الْحَادِثِ أَضْرَارٌ كَبِيرَةٌ.

نَجْم vs مُنَجِّم

Sounds similar.

A Munajjim is an astrologer (fortune teller), not a star.

كَذَبَ الْمُنَجِّمُونَ وَلَوْ صَدَفُوا.

نَجْم vs نَجْمَة

Just a feminine ending.

Najma is used for a single star-shape or a female star, while Najm is the generic or masculine form.

هَذِهِ نَجْمَةُ الْبَحْرِ.

نَجْم vs نُجُوم

Plural form.

Learners might think it's a different word, but it's just the plural of Najm.

النُّجُومُ كَثِيرَةٌ.

نَجْم vs أَنْجُم

Another plural form.

Anjum is used specifically for a small number of stars (3-10).

رَأَيْتُ بَعْضَ أَنْجُمٍ فِي السَّمَاءِ.

Satzmuster

A1

هَذَا [نَجْم].

هَذَا نَجْمٌ.

A2

[النُّجُوم] + [Adjective].

النُّجُومُ بَعِيدَةٌ.

B1

[نَجْم] + [Noun].

نَجْمُ الْفَرِيقِ.

B2

بَزَغَ نَجْمُ [Person].

بَزَغَ نَجْمُ الْكَاتِبِ.

C1

إِنَّ [النُّجُوم] + [Verb].

إِنَّ النُّجُومَ تَهْتَدِي بِهَا الْعَرَبُ.

C2

مَا بَيْنَ [نَجْم] وَآخَرَ...

مَا بَيْنَ نَجْمٍ وَآخَرَ تَمْضِي الْأَيَّامُ.

A1

أَنَا أَرَى [نَجْم].

أَنَا أَرَى نَجْمًا.

B1

فُنْدُق [Number] [نُجُوم].

فُنْدُق خَمْس نُجُوم.

Wortfamilie

Substantive

Verben

Adjektive

Verwandt

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frequency

Extremely high in both literal and metaphorical senses.

Häufige Fehler
  • Al-Najm → An-Najm

    Forgetting to assimilate the 'L' into the 'N' (Sun Letter rule).

  • Nujum kabirun → Nujum kabirah

    Using a masculine plural adjective for a non-human plural noun.

  • Calling Mars a Najm → Calling Mars a Kawkab

    Confusing stars with planets.

  • Najmuna → Nujumuna

    Using the singular when referring to a group of stars.

  • Pronouncing it as 'Nazhm' → Najm

    The 'J' should be a 'dj' sound, not a 'z' or 'zh'.

Tipps

Plural Agreement

Always pair 'Nujum' with feminine singular adjectives. For example, 'Nujum laami'ah' (shining stars) not 'Nujum laami'un'.

The Silent L

When you add 'Al', the 'L' disappears. Say 'An-Najm'. This makes your Arabic sound much more native.

Star vs Planet

Remember: Najm = Star (produces light), Kawkab = Planet (reflects light). This is a common test question!

Navigation

Think of stars as guides. In Arabic culture, a 'Najm' is someone you follow. This helps you understand why celebrities are called stars.

The Root

The root N-J-M is about 'appearing'. If you see this root in other words, think about something coming into view.

Night Gem

Najm sounds like 'Night Gem'. Stars are the gems of the night sky.

Hotel Ratings

The 'star' system for hotels is the same in Arabic. Just say the number + 'Nujum'.

Poetic Flair

If you want to sound poetic, compare someone's eyes to 'Nujum'. It is a classic and beautiful metaphor.

Egyptian G

If you are in Cairo, expect to hear 'Nagm'. Don't be confused; it's the exact same word.

The Sun

The Sun is a Najm. Use this fact to practice your science vocabulary in Arabic.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of 'Night' and 'Gem'. A star is a 'Night-Gem'. Najm sounds a bit like 'Night-Gem' if you stretch your imagination.

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a giant 'J' (for Jewel) inside a star in the sky. The 'N' is for Night. N-J-m.

Word Web

Sky Light Night Famous Celebrity Navigation Sun Galaxy

Herausforderung

Try to find 5 things in your house that are 'Najm' shaped and label them in Arabic.

Wortherkunft

From the Proto-Semitic root N-G-M, which relates to the act of appearing or rising.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: The act of rising or emerging, specifically applied to celestial bodies as they appear in the sky.

Afroasiatic, Semitic, Central Semitic, Arabic.

Kultureller Kontext

Be careful when using 'Tanjim' (astrology) as it is viewed differently from 'Ilm al-Falak' (astronomy) in religious contexts.

The English 'star' and Arabic 'Najm' share almost identical metaphorical paths (both mean celestial bodies and celebrities).

Surah An-Najm (Chapter 53 of the Quran) Najm al-Din al-Ghazzi (Famous historian) The Egyptian 'Nagm' (Ahmed Adawiya's songs often use the word)

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Astronomy

  • مَجْمُوعَةٌ نَجْمِيَّةٌ (Constellation)
  • انْفِجَارٌ نَجْمِيٌّ (Stellar explosion)
  • وِلَادَةُ نَجْمٍ (Birth of a star)
  • مَوْتُ نَجْمٍ (Death of a star)

Media

  • نَجْمُ الْغِلَافِ (Cover star)
  • نَجْمٌ صَاعِدٌ (Rising star)
  • مُقَابَلَةٌ مَعَ نَجْمٍ (Interview with a star)
  • جَائِزَةُ النَّجْمِ (Star award)

Travel

  • فُنْدُقٌ أَرْبَعُ نُجُومٍ (Four-star hotel)
  • الْمِلَاحَةُ بِالنُّجُومِ (Star navigation)
  • تَحْتَ ضَوْءِ النُّجُومِ (Under star light)
  • خَرِيطَةُ النُّجُومِ (Star map)

Poetry

  • يَا نَجْمِي الْبَعِيد (Oh my distant star)
  • عَيْنَاكِ كَالنُّجُومِ (Your eyes are like stars)
  • سَامَرْتُ النُّجُومَ (I stayed up with the stars)
  • نَجْمُ الصَّبَاحِ (Morning star)

Daily Life

  • شَكْلُ نَجْمَة (Star shape)
  • وَرَقَةُ نُجُوم (Star stickers)
  • نَجْمَةُ دَاوُد (Star of David)
  • نَجْمَةُ الصُّبْحِ (Venus/Morning star)

Gesprächseinstiege

"هَلْ تُحِبُّ مُرَاقَبَةَ النُّجُومِ فِي اللَّيْلِ؟ (Do you like stargazing at night?)"

"مَنْ هُوَ أَكْبَرُ نَجْمٍ فِي بَلَدِكَ؟ (Who is the biggest star in your country?)"

"هَلْ تَفْضِلُ الْفَنَادِقَ ذَاتَ الْخَمْسِ نُجُومٍ؟ (Do you prefer five-star hotels?)"

"مَاذَا تَعْرِفُ عَنْ عِلْمِ النُّجُومِ؟ (What do you know about astronomy?)"

"إِذَا رَأَيْتَ نَجْمًا هَاوِيًا، مَاذَا تَتَمَنَّى؟ (If you see a shooting star, what do you wish for?)"

Tagebuch-Impulse

صِفْ لَيْلَةً جَمِيلَةً رَأَيْتَ فِيهَا النُّجُومَ بِوُضُوحٍ. (Describe a beautiful night where you saw the stars clearly.)

اُكْتُبْ عَنْ نَجْمِكَ الْمُفَضَّلِ فِي عَالَمِ الرِّيَاضَةِ أَوْ الْفَنِّ. (Write about your favorite star in the world of sports or art.)

هَلْ تَعْتَقِدُ أَنَّ النُّجُومَ كَانَتْ أَهَمَّ لِلنَّاسِ فِي الْمَاضِي؟ لِمَاذَا؟ (Do you think stars were more important to people in the past? Why?)

تَخَيَّلْ أَنَّكَ رَائِدُ فَضَاءٍ تَقْتَرِبُ مِنْ نَجْمٍ بَعِيدٍ. (Imagine you are an astronaut approaching a distant star.)

مَا هُوَ رَأْيُكَ فِي حَيَاةِ النُّجُومِ وَالْمَشَاهِيرِ؟ (What is your opinion on the lives of stars and celebrities?)

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

Yes, scientifically the Sun is a 'Najm' (star). However, in daily conversation, people always refer to it as 'Ash-Shams'. You would only call it a 'Najm' in a science class.

You can say 'Najm saati'' (shining star) or 'Najm kabir' (big star). In media, the English word 'superstar' is sometimes transliterated, but 'Najm' is more traditional.

The most common plural is 'Nujum' (نُجُوم). There is also 'Anjum' (أَنْجُم), which is used for small quantities, but it is much less common.

Yes, 'Najm' is a common masculine name. 'Najmuddin' (Star of the Faith) is also a very famous historical name. 'Najma' is the feminine version.

Because the letter 'Noon' is a Sun Letter. In Arabic grammar, the 'L' of the definite article is not pronounced before Sun Letters; instead, the first letter of the word is doubled.

It is called a 'Shihab' (شِهَاب). Sometimes people say 'Najm hawin' (falling star), but 'Shihab' is the precise term.

You say 'funduq khams nujum' (فُنْدُق خَمْس نُجُوم). Notice that 'nujum' is used in the plural here.

In very old Arabic texts, sometimes. But in modern Arabic, 'Najm' is only for stars and 'Kawkab' is for planets. Using them interchangeably is considered a mistake today.

Yes, in classical Arabic, it can refer to plants that grow without a trunk (like grass). It also relates to 'installments' in financial contexts (tanjim).

The word 'Najm' is masculine. However, its plural 'Nujum' is treated as feminine singular for grammar agreement because it's a non-human plural.

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writing

Write a sentence using 'Najm' to describe the night sky.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Describe your favorite celebrity using the word 'Najm'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Explain the difference between a 'Najm' and a 'Kawkab' in Arabic.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write a short paragraph about a five-star hotel experience.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Use the idiom 'Bazagha najmuhu' in a story about a successful person.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write a poetic sentence comparing someone's eyes to stars.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Discuss the historical importance of stars for Arab travelers.

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Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write a sentence using the plural 'Nujum' and a feminine adjective.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Explain why the Sun is a 'Najm' but we don't usually call it that.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Create a dialogue between two people looking at a shooting star.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write about a time you felt like a 'Najm'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Describe a constellation you know in Arabic.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write a formal sentence about stellar evolution.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Use 'Najm al-bahr' in a sentence about the ocean.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write a news headline about a rising political star.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Compare the literal and metaphorical meanings of 'Najm'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write a sentence about the 'North Star' and navigation.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Use the word 'Najma' to refer to a shape.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write a sentence with 'Khams nujum'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Describe the sky on a cloudy night (where you can't see the stars).

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Pronounce 'An-Najm' correctly.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Say 'I see three stars' in Arabic.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Tell your friend that they are a 'star'.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Say 'five-star hotel' in Arabic.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Explain where stars are located in simple Arabic.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Ask someone who their favorite movie star is.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Describe the appearance of a star (size, light, distance).

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Use the plural 'Nujum' in a sentence about the sky.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Pronounce the difference between 'Najm' and 'Nagm'.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Tell a short story about getting lost and using a star to find the way.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Explain why 'An-Najm' doesn't have an 'L' sound.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Say 'shooting star' and make a wish in Arabic.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Discuss the 'North Star' in Arabic.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Use the idiom 'Nujum al-thohr' in a sentence.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Discuss the concept of fame using the word 'Najm'.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Recite a simple Arabic poem line about stars.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Explain 'stardom' as a social phenomenon.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Describe a 'starfish' to a child.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Say 'The stars are shining tonight'.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Ask a scientist about 'neutron stars' in Arabic.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen to the word: [An-Najm]. Is the 'L' pronounced?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen to the sentence: 'Hadihi nujumun laami'ah'. Is the adjective masculine or feminine?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen to a celebrity interview. How many times do they use the word 'Najm'?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen to a weather report. Do they mention 'Nujum' for navigation?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen to a Quranic recitation of Surah An-Najm. What is the first word?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen to a child naming shapes. Which shape is 'Najma'?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen to a discussion about 'Kawkab' vs 'Najm'. Which one is Earth?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen to an Egyptian song. Do they say 'Najm' or 'Nagm'?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen to a scientific podcast about 'Najm naytruni'. What is the topic?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen to the idiom 'Afala najmuhu'. Does it sound positive or negative?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen to a hotel booking. How many stars did they choose?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen to a poem. Does 'Najm' rhyme with 'Hajm'?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen to a talk about 'Najm al-bahr'. Where does this 'star' live?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen to a navigation guide. Which star is 'Al-Qutbi'?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen to a debate about 'Tanjim'. Is it about science or fortune telling?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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