C1 adjective 6 Min. Lesezeit

παρεπόμενος

incidental or accompanying

At the A1 level, the word 'παρεπόμενος' is much too difficult to use in your own speaking. However, you can think of it as meaning 'the extra things that come with something.' Imagine you buy a toy and it needs batteries. The batteries are the 'extra' things. In Greek, we call these secondary things 'παρεπόμενα.' Just remember that it means 'something that follows.' You might see it in very formal signs, but for now, just focus on the idea of 'accompanying.' It is like a friend who follows you everywhere—they are 'beside' you and 'following' you.
For A2 learners, 'παρεπόμενος' is a word you might encounter in a formal letter or a doctor's note. It means 'incidental' or 'accompanying.' A good way to remember it is through the word 'follow.' In Greek, 'έπομαι' means 'I follow.' So, 'παρεπόμενος' is someone or something that follows along. If you go on a trip, the 'παρεπόμενα' are the small things like the luggage, the tickets, and the extra costs. It is an adjective, so it changes based on the noun: 'παρεπόμενος' (masculine), 'παρεπόμενη' (feminine), 'παρεπόμενο' (neuter).
At the B1 level, you should start recognizing 'παρεπόμενος' in news articles or formal documents. It describes things that are not the main point but are connected to it. For example, 'παρεπόμενα έξοδα' (incidental expenses) are the extra costs you didn't plan for but are necessary. It is often used in the plural 'τα παρεπόμενα' to mean 'the consequences' or 'the aftermath.' If there is a big storm, 'τα παρεπόμενα' might be the broken trees and the power cuts. It's a useful word to make your Greek sound more professional and precise.
At the B2 level, you should be able to use 'παρεπόμενος' in formal writing, especially when discussing cause and effect. It is a key term in legal and medical contexts. You should know that 'παρεπόμενες ποινές' are accessory penalties in law. You should also understand that it implies a logical link between the primary and the secondary event. Unlike 'συμπτωματικός' (accidental), 'παρεπόμενος' suggests that the second thing happened *because* of the first thing. Practice using it with nouns like 'συνέπεια' (consequence) and 'αποτέλεσμα' (result).
At the C1 level, 'παρεπόμενος' is an essential part of your academic and professional vocabulary. You must distinguish it from synonyms like 'συνεπαγόμενος' or 'δευτερεύων.' You should use it to describe secondary effects that are intrinsically linked to a primary action. In legal Greek, it is a technical term for penalties that follow a conviction. In medicine, it refers to concomitant symptoms. You should also be comfortable using the neuter plural 'τα παρεπόμενα' as a substantive to describe the complex web of consequences following an event. Your usage should reflect an understanding of its etymological roots in the middle voice participle of 'έπομαι.'
For C2 mastery, 'παρεπόμενος' is used with absolute precision to describe ontological or logical relations. You can use it in philosophical discourse to discuss 'accidental' vs. 'essential' properties (παρεπόμενα vs. ουσιώδη χαρακτηριστικά). You should be aware of its nuances in administrative law and its historical evolution from Ancient Greek participles. At this level, you can use the word to create sophisticated metaphors about the 'shadows' or 'echoes' of actions. You should also be able to identify its usage in classical literature and modern legislative texts, understanding exactly how it modifies the scope of a primary noun.

παρεπόμενος in 30 Sekunden

  • Formal adjective for 'incidental' or 'accompanying'.
  • Derived from the verb 'follow' (έπομαι).
  • Common in legal (penalties) and medical (side effects) contexts.
  • Usually refers to secondary things logically tied to a primary cause.

The Greek word παρεπόμενος is a sophisticated adjective primarily used in formal, legal, medical, and academic contexts. At its core, it describes something that is not the main event or the primary focus but exists as a secondary, accompanying, or incidental consequence of something else. Etymologically, it is the present participle of the ancient verb παρέπομαι, which is a compound of παρά (beside) and έπομαι (to follow). Therefore, a παρεπόμενος element is literally something that 'follows beside' the main subject.

Legal Context (Νομικό Πλαίσιο)
In Greek law, the term is frequently used to describe 'accessory penalties' (παρεπόμενες ποινές). These are sanctions that are not the primary sentence (like imprisonment) but follow automatically or as a consequence, such as the loss of professional licenses or political rights.
Medical Context (Ιατρικό Πλαίσιο)
When discussing pharmacology or pathology, παρεπόμενες ενέργειες refers to side effects or secondary symptoms. These are the incidental effects that accompany the main therapeutic action of a drug.
Financial and Business Context (Οικονομικό Πλαίσιο)
In business, παρεπόμενα έξοδα are incidental or secondary expenses that arise from a primary transaction, such as shipping fees or insurance costs that 'follow' the purchase price.

Η καταδίκη του είχε ως παρεπόμενη συνέπεια την αφαίρεση της άδειας ασκήσεως επαγγέλματος.

Translation: His conviction had the incidental consequence of the revocation of his professional license.

In everyday high-level Greek, you might hear the phrase 'και όλα τα παρεπόμενα' (and all the trimmings/consequences). For example, if someone says 'The wedding was huge, with the reception, the music, and all the παρεπόμενα,' they are referring to all the secondary events that naturally follow a main wedding ceremony. This word elevates your speech, signaling a C1 level of proficiency and a grasp of formal Greek logic and structure. It is essential for understanding academic papers, legal documents, and high-level journalism in Greece today.

Using παρεπόμενος correctly requires attention to gender, number, and case, as it functions as a standard three-termination adjective. Because it is derived from a participle, it carries a sense of ongoing relation. It most commonly modifies abstract nouns like συνέπεια (consequence), έξοδο (expense), ποινή (penalty), or συμπτώματα (symptoms).

1. Τα παρεπόμενα έξοδα της αγοράς ακινήτου μπορεί να είναι υψηλά. (The incidental costs of buying property can be high.)
2. Η κύρια νόσος έχει πολλά παρεπόμενα συμπτώματα. (The primary disease has many accompanying symptoms.)
3. Δεν υπολόγισε τις παρεπόμενες ευθύνες της θέσης του. (He did not calculate the incidental responsibilities of his position.)
Declension Patterns
  • Masculine: ο παρεπόμενος, του παρεπομένου, τον παρεπόμενο
  • Feminine: η παρεπόμενη, της παρεπομένης, την παρεπόμενη
  • Neuter: το παρεπόμενο, του παρεπομένου, το παρεπόμενο

In grammatical terms, when παρεπόμενος is used as a substantive (a noun), it usually appears in the neuter plural: τα παρεπόμενα. This refers to the 'aftermath' or 'the things that come along with it.' For instance, 'The war brought famine, disease, and all the παρεπόμενα.' Here, the word summarizes all the secondary tragedies that follow the primary event of conflict. This usage is very common in historical and political analysis.

Κάθε απόφαση έχει παρεπόμενα αποτελέσματα που δεν είναι πάντα ορατά εξαρχής.

Translation: Every decision has incidental results that are not always visible from the start.

You are unlikely to hear παρεπόμενος in a casual conversation at a Greek tavern or while ordering coffee. However, it is ubiquitous in specific professional and intellectual environments. If you are watching a Greek news broadcast regarding a court case, the journalist will almost certainly use the term παρεπόμενες ποινές to describe why a defendant lost their right to vote or hold public office after a conviction.

In the Courtroom
Lawyers use this word to distinguish between the main sentence and the secondary legal effects. You might hear: 'Ζητούμε την αναστολή της κύριας ποινής και των παρεπομένων αυτής' (We request the suspension of the main sentence and its accompanying effects).
In Medical Consultations
A doctor explaining a treatment might say: 'Η θεραπεία είναι αποτελεσματική, αλλά προσέξτε τις παρεπόμενες ενέργειες' (The treatment is effective, but watch out for the side effects). While 'παρενέργειες' is the more common term for side effects, 'παρεπόμενες ενέργειες' is used in more technical or formal medical literature.

Στα παρεπόμενα της κρίσης περιλαμβάνεται και η κοινωνική απομόνωση.

Translation: Among the incidental effects of the crisis is social isolation.

In academic writing, particularly in philosophy or sociology, παρεπόμενος is used to describe phenomena that arise as a byproduct of a larger system. For example, a sociologist might discuss the παρεπόμενα of urbanization, such as changes in family structure. It is a word that helps categorize secondary effects with precision, making it a favorite for researchers and analysts who need to distinguish between direct and indirect causes.

Learners of Greek often struggle with παρεπόμενος because it looks similar to other words derived from the verb έπομαι (follow) or words starting with the prefix παρα-. The most frequent error is confusing it with επόμενος (next). While επόμενος refers to chronological order (what comes after), παρεπόμενος refers to logical or structural accompaniment (what comes with).

The 'Next' vs. 'Accompanying' Trap
Wrong: Ο παρεπόμενος μήνας είναι ο Ιούλιος. (The incidental month is July.)
Right: Ο επόμενος μήνας είναι ο Ιούλιος. (The next month is July.)
Right: Τα παρεπόμενα έξοδα του ταξιδιού ήταν πολλά. (The incidental costs of the trip were many.)
Agreement Errors
Because 'παρεπόμενος' is a participle-adjective, it must match the noun it modifies. Many learners forget to change the ending when referring to feminine nouns like 'ποινή' (penalty).
Wrong: Η παρεπόμενος ποινή. (Masculine ending with feminine noun.)
Right: Η παρεπόμενη ποινή. (Feminine agreement.)

Μην μπερδεύετε το παρεπόμενο (incidental) με το παραπλήσιο (nearby/similar).

Another mistake is using παρεπόμενος when you simply mean 'secondary' in terms of importance (δευτερεύων). While they are synonyms, παρεπόμενος implies a 'following' relationship. If something is just less important but doesn't necessarily 'follow' from a primary source, δευτερεύων is better. For example, in a football team, a substitute player is δευτερεύων (secondary/backup), not παρεπόμενος, because his existence doesn't logically 'follow' from the primary players in the same way a side effect follows a drug.

To truly master παρεπόμενος, you must understand its relationship with other Greek words that describe secondary or accompanying things. Each has a specific shade of meaning that dictates its usage in professional Greek.

Συνοδός (Accompanying / Escorting)
While 'παρεπόμενος' suggests a logical consequence, 'συνοδός' suggests a physical or simultaneous presence. A 'συνοδός' is a person who accompanies you, or a 'συνοδευτικό' document is an attachment. It doesn't necessarily imply that one caused the other.
Συνεπαγόμενος (Entailed / Resulting)
This is the closest synonym. It comes from 'συνεπάγομαι' (to entail). It is used when one thing strictly necessitates another. 'Παρεπόμενος' is slightly broader, covering things that just happen to come along with the main event, even if they aren't strictly required by logic.
Δευτερεύων (Secondary)
This refers to hierarchy. Something 'δευτερεύων' is less important than the 'πρωτεύων' (primary). It doesn't have to follow from it; it just occupies a lower rank.
WordFocusContext
ΠαρεπόμενοςLogical consequenceLaw, Medicine
ΣυνοδόςSimultaneous presenceGeneral
ΣυνεπαγόμενοςStrict entailmentLogic, Science
ΔευτερεύωνLower importanceHierarchy

In summary, choose παρεπόμενος when you want to sound precise and professional, specifically when discussing the 'side effects' or 'accessory results' of a primary action. It is the word of choice for judges, doctors, and economists.

Beispiele nach Niveau

1

Το δώρο έχει και παρεπόμενα.

The gift has extra things too.

Neuter plural subject.

2

Είναι ένας παρεπόμενος κίνδυνος.

It is an accompanying danger.

Masculine singular adjective.

3

Έχει παρεπόμενα έξοδα.

It has extra costs.

Neuter plural adjective.

4

Η παρεπόμενη χαρά είναι μεγάλη.

The accompanying joy is great.

Feminine singular.

5

Βλέπω τα παρεπόμενα.

I see the consequences.

Neuter plural as noun.

6

Είναι κάτι παρεπόμενο.

It is something incidental.

Neuter singular.

7

Δεν θέλω παρεπόμενα.

I don't want extras/consequences.

Plural object.

8

Ο παρεπόμενος φίλος.

The accompanying friend.

Masculine nominative.

1

Η αγορά έχει παρεπόμενα έξοδα.

The purchase has incidental expenses.

Adjective modifying neuter plural noun.

2

Υπάρχουν παρεπόμενες δυσκολίες.

There are accompanying difficulties.

Feminine plural.

3

Αυτό είναι ένα παρεπόμενο αποτέλεσμα.

This is an incidental result.

Neuter singular.

4

Πρόσεξε τον παρεπόμενο θόρυβο.

Watch out for the accompanying noise.

Masculine accusative.

5

Οι παρεπόμενες συνέπειες ήταν κακές.

The incidental consequences were bad.

Feminine nominative plural.

6

Κάθε δουλειά έχει τα παρεπόμενά της.

Every job has its 'extras' (consequences).

Substantive use with possessive.

7

Μίλησε για τον παρεπόμενο κίνδυνο.

He spoke about the incidental danger.

Masculine accusative.

8

Είναι μια παρεπόμενη πράξη.

It is an incidental act.

Feminine singular.

1

Ο φόρος είναι παρεπόμενος της αγοράς.

The tax is incidental to the purchase.

Predicate adjective.

2

Εξέτασε τις παρεπόμενες συνθήκες.

He examined the accompanying conditions.

Feminine plural accusative.

3

Δεν είναι κύριο, είναι παρεπόμενο.

It's not primary, it's incidental.

Neuter singular contrast.

4

Τα παρεπόμενα του πολέμου είναι τραγικά.

The aftermath of the war is tragic.

Neuter plural substantive.

5

Η παρεπόμενη τιμή περιλαμβάνει τον ΦΠΑ.

The incidental price includes VAT.

Feminine singular.

6

Υπέστη τις παρεπόμενες ποινές.

He suffered the accessory penalties.

Legal context.

7

Το φάρμακο έχει παρεπόμενες δράσεις.

The medicine has side effects.

Medical context.

8

Είναι ένα παρεπόμενο φαινόμενο.

It is an incidental phenomenon.

Scientific context.

1

Η παρεπόμενη σύμβαση εξαρτάται από την κύρια.

The accessory contract depends on the main one.

Legal dependency.

2

Αντιμετωπίζουμε τα παρεπόμενα προβλήματα της κρίσης.

We are facing the incidental problems of the crisis.

Sociopolitical context.

3

Η παρεπόμενη ευθύνη του εγγυητή είναι σαφής.

The incidental responsibility of the guarantor is clear.

Financial responsibility.

4

Τα παρεπόμενα έξοδα δεν είχαν προϋπολογιστεί.

The incidental expenses had not been budgeted.

Budgeting context.

5

Η παρεπόμενη δράση του φαρμάκου ήταν η υπνηλία.

The side effect of the medicine was drowsiness.

Medical side effect.

6

Κάθε μεγάλη αλλαγή φέρνει παρεπόμενα άγχη.

Every big change brings incidental anxieties.

Psychological context.

7

Ο δικαστής επέβαλε και τις παρεπόμενες ποινές.

The judge also imposed the accessory penalties.

Legal sentencing.

8

Η παρεπόμενη ζημία ήταν μεγαλύτερη από την αρχική.

The incidental damage was greater than the initial one.

Comparative damage.

1

Η παρεπόμενη φύση της αξίωσης καθιστά την αγωγή απαράδεκτη.

The incidental nature of the claim makes the lawsuit inadmissible.

Formal legal argument.

2

Τα παρεπόμενα της παγκοσμιοποίησης επηρεάζουν την τοπική κουλτούρα.

The incidental effects of globalization affect local culture.

Sociological analysis.

3

Η παρεπόμενη υποχρέωση ενημέρωσης του καταναλωτή είναι κρίσιμη.

The incidental obligation to inform the consumer is critical.

Administrative law.

4

Δεν μπορούμε να αγνοήσουμε τα παρεπόμενα συμπτώματα της νόσου.

We cannot ignore the concomitant symptoms of the disease.

Clinical medicine.

5

Η παρεπόμενη ζημία υπολογίζεται με βάση το διαφυγόν κέρδος.

Incidental damage is calculated based on lost profit.

Economic law.

6

Οι παρεπόμενες συνέπειες της απόφασης ήταν μη αναστρέψιμες.

The incidental consequences of the decision were irreversible.

Abstract logic.

7

Η παρεπόμενη δικογραφία συσχετίστηκε με την κύρια υπόθεση.

The incidental case file was associated with the main case.

Procedural law.

8

Η παρεπόμενη κατοχή του ακινήτου δεν θεμελιώνει δικαίωμα κυριότητας.

Incidental possession of the property does not establish ownership rights.

Property law.

1

Η παρεπόμενη σχέση μεταξύ των δύο φαινομένων χρήζει περαιτέρω ανάλυσης.

The incidental relationship between the two phenomena requires further analysis.

Academic research.

2

Τα παρεπόμενα της υπαρξιακής αγωνίας αποτυπώνονται στο έργο του.

The incidental effects of existential angst are reflected in his work.

Literary/Philosophical criticism.

3

Η παρεπόμενη ισχύς μιας διάταξης εξαρτάται από τη συνταγματικότητα του νόμου.

The incidental validity of a provision depends on the constitutionality of the law.

Constitutional law.

4

Αναλύουμε τα παρεπόμενα της τεχνολογικής επανάστασης στο εργατικό δίκαιο.

We analyze the incidental effects of the technological revolution on labor law.

Legal/Economic theory.

5

Η παρεπόμενη αιτιότητα δεν επαρκεί για την απόδοση ευθύνης.

Incidental causality is not sufficient for the attribution of liability.

Jurisprudence.

6

Οι παρεπόμενες ιδιότητες της ύλης μελετώνται στην κβαντομηχανική.

The incidental properties of matter are studied in quantum mechanics.

Theoretical physics.

7

Η παρεπόμενη σημασιολογία της λέξης αλλάζει ανάλογα με το συγκείμενο.

The incidental semantics of the word change according to the context.

Linguistics.

8

Τα παρεπόμενα της εξουσίας συχνά διαφθείρουν τον ανθρώπινο χαρακτήρα.

The trappings/consequences of power often corrupt human character.

Ethical philosophy.

Häufige Kollokationen

παρεπόμενες ποινές
παρεπόμενα έξοδα
παρεπόμενη συνέπεια
παρεπόμενα συμπτώματα
παρεπόμενη δράση
παρεπόμενη υποχρέωση
παρεπόμενο δικαίωμα
παρεπόμενη αξίωση
παρεπόμενα οφέλη
παρεπόμενο αποτέλεσμα

Häufige Phrasen

με όλα τα παρεπόμενα

τα παρεπόμενα της τύχης

χωρίς παρεπόμενα

παρεπόμενα της ηλικίας

παρεπόμενα της δουλειάς

παρεπόμενα του έρωτα

παρεπόμενα της εξουσίας

παρεπόμενα του κλίματος

παρεπόμενα της επιτυχίας

παρεπόμενα της κρίσης

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"το παρεπόμενο του παρεπομένου"

A very remote or minor consequence.

Αυτό που λες είναι το παρεπόμενο του παρεπομένου.

Formal

"παρεπόμενα και τυχερά"

Incidental benefits and perks.

Έχει καλό μισθό και πολλά παρεπόμενα και τυχερά.

Neutral

"δεν έχει παρεπόμενα"

There are no hidden consequences.

Η συμφωνία είναι απλή, δεν έχει παρεπόμενα.

Neutral

"τα παρεπόμενα της δόξας"

The price of fame.

Η μοναξιά είναι στα παρεπόμενα της δό

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