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A2 noun #1,500 am häufigsten 8 Min. Lesezeit

اجازه

ejâze Top 1,500

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At the A1 level, you learn 'ejāze' as a vital survival word. It is primarily used in simple questions to navigate daily needs. You will encounter it as 'Ejāze?' (May I?) or 'Ejāze hast?' (Is it allowed?). At this stage, the focus is on the basic social function: asking to enter a room, asking to speak in class, or asking to use an object. You don't need to worry about complex grammar yet; just knowing that 'ejāze' means 'permission' and can be used as a polite request is enough. You might learn the phrase 'Bā ejāze' as a way to say goodbye politely. The goal is to recognize the word when a teacher or parent uses it and to be able to use it yourself to show basic politeness. It's one of the first 'polite' words a learner picks up because it's so common in classrooms and homes. You will mostly see it paired with the verb 'dādan' (to give) in very simple sentences like 'Madar ejāze dād' (Mother gave permission).

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At the A2 level, you start using 'ejāze' in full sentences with common verbs like 'gereftan' (to get) and 'dādan' (to give). You begin to understand the basic sentence structure: 'Man az pedaram ejāze gereftam' (I got permission from my father). You also learn to use it with the subjunctive mood for the first time, though you might still make mistakes. For example, 'Ejāze midahi beravam?' (Do you allow [that] I go?). You are now expected to use 'ejāze' to negotiate simple situations, like asking a boss for a short break or asking a friend if you can borrow their book. You also start to recognize 'ejāze-nāme' in the context of simple forms or school notes. The word becomes a tool for building slightly more complex social interactions beyond just one-word requests.

At the B1 level, you move into more varied contexts. You understand that 'ejāze' isn't just for children; it's used in professional settings and formal social gatherings. You become comfortable with the subjunctive mood following 'ejāze dādan' and can use it naturally in conversation. You also start to learn related words like 'morkhasi' (leave) and how they differ from 'ejāze'. You can describe situations where permission was denied or granted and explain the reasons why. For example, 'Be dalil-e moshkelāt-e khānevādegi, modir be man ejāze dād ke yek hafte nayāyam' (Due to family problems, the manager allowed me not to come for a week). You also begin to appreciate the cultural depth of 'Bā ejāze' in Ta'arof, using it correctly when entering or leaving social situations to show you understand Iranian etiquette.

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At the B2 level, you use 'ejāze' in more abstract and formal ways. You can discuss topics like 'ejāze-ye vārede' (entry permits), 'hagh-e ejāze' (royalty/permission rights), and 'kasb-e ejāze' (obtaining permission) in administrative contexts. You understand the nuance between 'ejāze' and 'movāfeghat' and can use them accurately in a business meeting. Your grammar is more precise, and you can handle complex sentences involving multiple clauses. You might read news articles about 'ejāze-ye sākht-o sāz' (construction permits) or 'ejāze-ye khūroj az keshvar' (permission to leave the country). You are also able to use the word in more idiomatic ways and understand when it's being used sarcastically or emphatically in literature or film. Your vocabulary expands to include synonyms like 'rukhsat' and 'idhn', and you know when to use them to change the tone of your speech.

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At the C1 level, you have a sophisticated grasp of 'ejāze' and its legal, religious, and literary implications. You can analyze texts that use the word to discuss power dynamics, social hierarchy, and individual agency. You understand the historical evolution of the word from its Arabic roots and its specific usage in classical Persian poetry. You can use 'ejāze' in high-level academic writing, such as discussing 'ejāze-ye ejtehād' (the permission to interpret religious law). You are sensitive to the subtle shifts in register when someone chooses 'idhn' over 'ejāze' and can replicate those shifts in your own formal writing or oratory. You can participate in debates about civil liberties, where 'ejāze' (permission) is contrasted with 'hagh' (right), and you can articulate the philosophical differences between the two concepts in Persian.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'ejāze' is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. You can navigate the most complex bureaucratic and legal systems in Iran, understanding every nuance of 'ejāze-nāme-hā' and 'parvāne-hā'. You can appreciate and use the word in its most abstract, metaphorical, and poetic forms. You might write a legal brief or a literary critique where 'ejāze' is a central concept. You understand the deepest levels of Ta'arof, where 'ejāze' is used not just for permission but as a complex social signal of humility, respect, and power negotiation. You can effortlessly switch between the most archaic, formal, and slang uses of the word, and you have a complete command of all its historical and modern synonyms, using them to achieve precise rhetorical effects.

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اجازه in 30 Sekunden

Ejāze is the Persian word for 'permission', essential for polite social interaction and formal authorization.
It is commonly used with the verbs 'dādan' (to give) and 'gereftan' (to get) across all levels of formality.
In Iranian culture, asking for 'ejāze' is a sign of respect and is central to the etiquette system of Ta'arof.
The word appears in various forms, from classroom requests to official government permits and legal documents.

The Persian word اجازه (ejāze) is a cornerstone of Persian social interaction and legal framework. At its core, it represents the concept of 'permission,' 'authorization,' or 'consent.' Derived from the Arabic root 'A-Z-N' (related to the ear, implying someone has 'heard' and 'granted' a request), it functions as a noun in Persian to denote the act of giving someone the right to do something. In everyday life, it is the magic word that opens doors, both literally and figuratively. Whether a child is asking to leave the dinner table or a developer is seeking a building permit, ejāze is the operative term. It carries a weight of respect and hierarchy, often used to acknowledge the authority of the person being asked. In the Iranian cultural context, the use of this word is deeply intertwined with Ta'arof (the Persian system of etiquette), where seeking permission is not just a legal necessity but a sign of high breeding and politeness. Understanding ejāze is fundamental because it appears in almost every social register, from the most informal family settings to the highest levels of government bureaucracy. It is not merely a 'yes' or 'no' dynamic; it is a recognition of boundaries and the respectful negotiation of space and action. In modern Persian, it also extends to digital contexts, such as 'app permissions' or 'access rights' in software, showing its versatility across centuries of linguistic evolution.

Core Concept: The formal or informal granting of authority to perform an action.

ببخشید، اجازه هست من یک سوال بپرسم؟ (Excuse me, is there permission [may I] ask a question?)

Etymological Root: From the Arabic 'ijāzah', originally referring to the certification of a scholar to teach specific texts.

بدون اجازه والدین، نباید از خانه خارج شوی. (Without parents' permission, you should not leave the house.)

Social Nuance: Using 'ejāze' often softens a request, making it sound less like a demand and more like a humble petition.

مدیر به او اجازه داد که به مرخصی برود. (The manager gave him permission to go on leave.)

Using اجازه correctly requires understanding its common verbal pairings. The most frequent combination is اجازه گرفتن (ejāze gereftan), which means 'to get permission.' This is used when you are the one seeking authorization. Conversely, اجازه دادن (ejāze dādan) means 'to give permission' or 'to allow.' This is used by the authority figure. A more formal version often found in legal or administrative documents is کسب اجازه (kasb-e ejāze), meaning 'to obtain permission.' When you want to say someone has permission, you use اجازه داشتن (ejāze dāshtan). Structurally, when 'ejāze dādan' is followed by another verb, that second verb is usually in the subjunctive mood (e.g., 'ejāze dād ke beravam' - he allowed that I go). Another critical usage is the prepositional phrase با اجازه (bā ejāze), which translates to 'with permission' but is functionally used as 'Excuse me while I...' or 'I'll be taking my leave.' For example, when standing up to leave a room, one says 'Bā ejāze' to the host. In academic settings, 'Ejāze āghā/khānom' (Permission, sir/madam) is the standard way to raise your hand. In the digital age, you'll see سطح دسترسی و اجازه (access level and permission) in computer settings. It's also important to note the difference between ejāze and movāfeghat (agreement); while you might agree with an idea, you give permission for an action. Mastering these collocations allows a learner to navigate Persian social hierarchies with grace and precision.

Common Verb Pairings: Gereftan (to take), Dādan (to give), Dāshtan (to have), Khāstan (to want/ask for).

من باید از رئیسم اجازه بگیرم. (I must get permission from my boss.)

Grammatical Structure: [Subject] + [Indirect Object] + [اجازه] + [Subjunctive Verb].

او به من اجازه نداد که ماشینش را قرض بگیرم. (He didn't allow me to borrow his car.)

The word اجازه is ubiquitous in Iranian society. In the **education system**, it is the primary word used by students to interact with teachers. From primary school to university, a student will not speak or leave their seat without saying 'Ejāze?'. In the **home**, children are taught from a young age to ask for ejāze before eating, going out, or using someone else's belongings. It is a fundamental tool for teaching 'Adab' (manners). In **professional environments**, you will hear it during meetings ('With your permission, I'd like to present...') or when requesting time off. In **legal and bureaucratic settings**, ejāze-nāme (written permission/permit) is a standard document required for everything from building a house to publishing a book. You will also hear it in **religious contexts**, where 'Idhn' (the Arabic equivalent often used synonymously in formal Persian) refers to the permission required from a religious authority to perform certain acts. In **literature and cinema**, the quest for permission—whether for marriage, travel, or political action—is a recurring theme that highlights the tension between individual will and social or familial authority. Even in **modern technology**, your phone will ask for ejāze to access your photos or location. Essentially, wherever there is a hierarchy or a boundary, you will hear this word being used to navigate it. It is the linguistic lubricant of Persian social machinery.

Daily Life: Asking to enter a room, leave a table, or borrow an item.

با اجازه بزرگترها، بله! (With the permission of the elders, yes! - A classic line in wedding ceremonies.)

Official Context: Permits, licenses, and formal authorizations from government bodies.

One of the most common mistakes for learners is confusing اجازه with موافقت (movāfeghat). While both involve saying 'yes,' ejāze is specifically about the authority to act, whereas movāfeghat is about agreeing with an opinion or proposal. For example, you ask for ejāze to go to a party, but you express movāfeghat with the choice of music at the party. Another mistake is the incorrect use of prepositions. One gets permission **from** someone (az kasi ejāze gereftan), not 'to' or 'with' them in the same way as English. Learners also often forget to use the subjunctive mood after 'ejāze dādan.' Saying 'He allowed me I go' (using the indicative) sounds broken; it must be 'He allowed that I go' (subjunctive). Additionally, there is a formal word اجازت (ejāzat) which is archaic and mostly found in poetry; using it in daily conversation might make you sound like a time-traveler from the 14th century. Another nuance is the difference between ejāze and jāyez (permissible). Jāyez is an adjective used to describe whether an action is allowed by law or religion, while ejāze is the noun for the permission itself. Finally, don't confuse ejāze with forsat (opportunity). You might have the permission to speak but not the opportunity because the room is too noisy. Understanding these boundaries prevents awkward social misunderstandings and improves grammatical accuracy.

Confusing Synonyms: Ejāze (Authority to act) vs. Movāfeghat (Agreement of opinion).

اشتباه: من با او اجازه کردم. (Wrong: I 'permissioned' with him.)
درست: من از او اجازه گرفتم. (Correct: I got permission from him.)

Grammar Pitfall: Forgetting the subjunctive mood (beravam, bokhoram) after the verb 'ejāze dādan'.

While اجازه is the most common word for permission, Persian offers several synonyms and related terms that vary in formality and context. رخصت (rukhsat) is a beautiful, more literary word for permission, often used in sports (like traditional wrestling) or when asking for 'leave' to depart. اذن (idhn) is the direct Arabic loanword, used almost exclusively in religious, legal, or highly formal contexts (e.g., 'the permission of the guardian'). جواز (javāz) refers more to a 'permit' or 'license,' like a 'javāz-e kasb' (business license). پروانه (parvāne), while also meaning 'butterfly,' is the official term for a formal license, such as a 'parvāne-ye dāneshpajūyi' (student permit) or 'parvāne-ye sākht' (construction permit). موافقت (movāfeghat) means agreement or concurrence, often used when two parties reach an understanding. مرخصی (morkhasi) specifically refers to 'time off' or 'leave' from work or military service. Understanding these nuances helps a learner choose the right word for the right situation. For instance, you wouldn't ask your teacher for 'rukhsat' to go to the bathroom; 'ejāze' is the standard. However, a poet might ask for 'rukhsat' to begin their recitation. This richness of vocabulary allows for subtle expressions of respect and formality that are central to the Persian language.

Rukhsat (رخصت): Formal/Literary permission, often used when departing or starting a performance.

Javāz (جواز): A physical permit or legal authorization document.

Idhn (اذن): Highly formal or religious term for sanction or consent.

پهلوان برای ورود به گود از استاد رخصت طلبید. (The hero sought leave from the master to enter the ring.)

How Formal Is It?

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Wichtige Grammatik

Subjunctive Mood after 'ejāze dādan'

Ezafe construction in 'ejāze-ye man'

Compound verbs with 'gereftan'

Preposition 'az' with 'ejāze gereftan'

Negative imperatives with 'bi-ejāze'

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Beispiele nach Niveau

اجازه هست؟

Is there permission? (May I?)

Shortened form of 'آیا اجازه هست؟'

با اجازه من می‌روم.

With permission, I am going.

Polite formula for leaving.

اجازه می‌دهید بیایم تو؟

Do you give permission [that] I come in?

Present continuous question.

من اجازه ندارم.

I don't have permission.

Negative possession.

مادر اجازه داد.

Mother gave permission.

Simple past tense.

بی‌اجازه دست نزن!

Don't touch without permission!

Compound preposition 'bi-ejāze'.

آقا اجازه! من بگویم؟

Sir, permission! Shall I say [it]?

Vocative + request.

او اجازه گرفت.

He/She took permission.

Simple past with 'gereftan'.

من باید از پدرم اجازه بگیرم.

I must get permission from my father.

Modal 'bāyad' + infinitive.

آیا به من اجازه می‌دهید اینجا بنشینم؟

Do you allow me to sit here?

Subjunctive 'beneshinam'.

او بدون اجازه وارد اتاق شد.

He entered the room without permission.

Prepositional phrase 'bedūn-e ejāze'.

معلم به دانش‌آموزان اجازه داد بازی کنند.

The teacher allowed the students to play.

Plural subjunctive 'bāzi konand'.

لطفاً برای خروج اجازه بگیرید.

Please get permission for exiting.

Imperative 'begirid'.

من اجازه ندارم این فیلم را ببینم.

I don't have permission to see this movie.

Negative possession + infinitive.

او با اجازه مدیر به خانه رفت.

He went home with the manager's permission.

Ezafe construction 'ejāze-ye modir'.

آیا اجازه دارم یک سوال بپرسم؟

Do I have permission to ask a question?

Subjunctive 'beporsam'.

دولت به این شرکت اجازه فعالیت داد.

The government gave this company permission to operate.

Formal noun 'fa'āliyat'.

کسب اجازه از صاحب‌خانه الزامی است.

Obtaining permission from the landlord is mandatory.

Gerund 'kasb-e ejāze'.

او اجازه نداد که رازش را فاش کنم.

He didn't allow me to reveal his secret.

Subjunctive 'fāsh konam'.

بدون اجازه کتبی، کپی‌برداری ممنوع است.

Without written permission, copying is forbidden.

Adjective 'katbi' (written).

او برای سفر به خارج از کشور اجازه گرفت.

He got permission to travel abroad.

Compound preposition 'khārej az'.

آیا اجازه می‌دهید من بحث را شروع کنم؟

Will you allow me to start the discussion?

Polite request in a formal setting.

او با کسب اجازه از بزرگترها مجلس را ترک کرد.

With permission from the elders, he left the gathering.

Cultural 'Ta'arof' context.

پلیس اجازه عبور به ماشین‌ها را نداد.

The police did not allow the cars to pass.

Direct object 'ejāze-ye obūr'.

این نرم‌افزار برای دسترسی به دوربین اجازه می‌خواهد.

This software wants permission to access the camera.

Technical context.

او اجازه‌نامه رسمی برای شکار دارد.

He has an official permit for hunting.

Compound noun 'ejāze-nāme'.

شورای شهر اجازه ساخت برج را صادر کرد.

The city council issued the permit to build the tower.

Formal verb 'sāder kardan' (to issue).

حق اجازه انتشار این کتاب متعلق به ناشر است.

The right to publish this book belongs to the publisher.

Legal term 'hagh-e ejāze'.

او به هیچ‌کس اجازه نمی‌دهد در کارش دخالت کند.

He doesn't allow anyone to interfere in his work.

Negative indefinite 'hich-kas'.

برای فیلم‌برداری در این مکان باید اجازه بگیرید.

You must get permission to film in this location.

Gerund 'film-bardāri'.

او با اجازه از محضر استاد، سخن گفت.

With permission from the master's presence, he spoke.

Highly formal/literary register.

والدین باید بر اجازه دسترسی کودکان به اینترنت نظارت کنند.

Parents should monitor children's internet access permission.

Complex noun phrase.

تحصیل این امر مستلزم کسب اجازه از مراجع ذی‌صلاح است.

Achieving this matter requires obtaining permission from competent authorities.

Academic/Legal vocabulary.

او در نامه‌اش از پادشاه رخصت طلبید.

In his letter, he sought leave from the king.

Literary synonym 'rukhsat'.

اجازه خروج همسر در قوانین برخی کشورها بحث‌برانگیز است.

The permission for a spouse to exit is controversial in some countries' laws.

Sociopolitical context.

او بدون اذن قبلی وارد حریم خصوصی دیگران شد.

He entered others' private space without prior consent.

Formal synonym 'idhn'.

این قرارداد فاقد اجازه صریح برای واگذاری به غیر است.

This contract lacks explicit permission for assignment to third parties.

Legal terminology 'fāghed' (lacking).

او با اجازه از روح بزرگانی که در اینجا خفته‌اند، شروع کرد.

With permission from the spirits of the greats buried here, he began.

Metaphorical/Poetic usage.

محدودیت‌های اجازه اقامت برای مهاجران تشدید شده است.

Residence permit restrictions for immigrants have been tightened.

Political/Administrative context.

او برای چاپ دیوان اشعارش سال‌ها منتظر اجازه ماند.

He waited for years for permission to print his collection of poems.

Context of censorship/authorization.

تفویض اختیار بدون اجازه صریح موکل، فاقد وجاهت قانونی است.

Delegation of authority without the client's explicit permission lacks legal validity.

High-level legal jargon.

او در جستجوی اذن دخول به ساحت قدسی عرفان بود.

He was seeking the permission to enter the sacred realm of mysticism.

Philosophical/Mystical register.

اجازه در فقه اسلامی به معنای تنفیذ عمل حقوقی است.

Permission in Islamic jurisprudence means the ratification of a legal act.

Specialized theological context.

او با ظرافتی خاص، از جمع برای بیان نقدش رخصت خواست.

With a specific elegance, he asked the gathering for leave to express his critique.

Nuanced social interaction.

عدم اجازه، در اینجا به معنای مخالفت ضمنی تلقی می‌گردد.

Lack of permission is considered here as implicit opposition.

Abstract logic.

او به عنوان وصی، اجازه دخل و تصرف در اموال را داشت.

As the executor, he had the permission to manage and dispose of the assets.

Legal terminology 'dakhl-o tasarruf'.

این اثر هنری، اجازه بازخوانی سنت در قالب مدرن را به ما می‌دهد.

This artwork gives us the permission to re-read tradition in a modern mold.

Art criticism register.

او با استناد به اجازه مکتوب، ادعای خود را ثابت کرد.

Citing written permission, he proved his claim.

Formal evidentiary language.

Häufige Kollokationen

اجازه گرفتن

اجازه دادن

کسب اجازه

با اجازه

بدون اجازه

اجازه داشتن

اجازه خواستن

اجازه کتبی

اجازه رسمی

اجازه اقامت

Häufige Phrasen

با اجازه بزرگترها

اجازه هست؟

آقا اجازه!

با اجازه شما

کسب اجازه کردن

اجازه عبور

اجازه ورود

اجازه خروج

اجازه نامه

حق اجازه

Wird oft verwechselt mit

اجازه vs موافقت (Agreement)

اجازه vs فرصت (Opportunity)

اجازه vs حق (Right)

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"اجازه ریش و قیچی دست کسی بودن (To give someone full authority)"

"بی‌اجازه وارد شدن (To intrude)"

"اجازه نفس کشیدن ندادن (To not give someone a moment's peace)"

"با اجازه خدا و خلق خدا (With everyone's blessing)"

"اجازه از خود داشتن (To be one's own boss - rare)"

"کسب اجازه از محضر (To ask permission from a superior)"

"اجازه به دست خود بودن (To have the power)"

"بدون اجازه آب نخوردن (To not do anything without asking)"

"اجازه کلام خواستن (To ask for the floor)"

"اجازه مرخصی خواستن (To ask to be excused)"

Leicht verwechselbar

اجازه vs اجازت

اجازه vs جایز

اجازه vs مجوز

Satzmuster

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So verwendest du es

taarof

'Bā ejāze' is a social exit cue.

subjunctive

The verb following 'ejāze dādan' must be subjunctive.

Häufige Fehler

Using the indicative instead of subjunctive after 'ejāze dādan'.
Saying 'ejāze kardan' instead of 'ejāze gereftan'.
Confusing 'ejāze' (permission) with 'forsat' (opportunity).
Forgetting the 'az' (from) when getting permission from someone.
Using 'ejāze' when you mean 'agreement' (movāfeghat).

Tipps

The Power of 'Bā Ejāze'

Always use 'Bā ejāze' when leaving a room or a conversation. It makes you sound very cultured and respectful to Iranians.

Subjunctive Alert

Whenever you say 'He allowed me to...', the second verb must be in the subjunctive. Example: 'Ejāze dād BERAVAM' (He allowed I go).

Permission vs Permit

Use 'ejāze' for the act of permitting and 'mojavvaz' or 'parvāne' for the actual piece of paper.

Classroom Etiquette

If you are a student, never speak without saying 'Ejāze' first. It's the golden rule of Iranian schools.

Formal Requests

In formal letters, use 'kasb-e ejāze' (obtaining permission) instead of just 'ejāze gereftan'.

The Final 'e'

Make sure to pronounce the final 'e' clearly. It's not 'ejāz', it's 'e-jā-ze'.

Elder's Permission

In weddings, remember the phrase 'Bā ejāze-ye bozorgtar-hā'. It's a key part of the ceremony.

Negative Permission

To say 'forbidden', you can say 'ejāze nist' (it is not allowed) or 'mamnu' (forbidden).

Phone Settings

Change your phone language to Persian to see 'ejāze' used in app permission settings.

Dining

If you are the first to start eating, say 'Bā ejāze' to the others at the table.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of 'E-JAZZ-E'. Imagine you need 'permission' to play 'Jazz' in a quiet library.

Wortherkunft

Arabic

Kultureller Kontext

The bride's 'ejāze' is the climax of the ceremony.

Students must say 'Ejāze' before every interaction.

Guests ask 'ejāze' before helping themselves to food.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Gesprächseinstiege

"آیا برای سفر به ایران باید اجازه بگیریم؟"

"در کشور شما، بچه‌ها از چه سنی اجازه دارند رانندگی کنند؟"

"آیا اجازه هست من اینجا بنشینم؟"

"چطور می‌توانم اجازه کار در این شرکت را بگیرم؟"

"آیا برای عکاسی در این موزه اجازه لازم است؟"

Tagebuch-Impulse

درباره زمانی بنویسید که برای انجام کاری اجازه نگرفتید و چه اتفاقی افتاد.

آیا فکر می‌کنید نوجوانان باید برای هر کاری از والدین اجازه بگیرند؟

تفاوت بین 'حق' و 'اجازه' از نظر شما چیست؟

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

'Ejāze' is the common Persian word used in daily life, while 'idhn' is a more formal, Arabic-derived term often used in religious or legal contexts. You would use 'ejāze' with your friends and 'idhn' in a court of law or a mosque.

Yes, but 'parvāne' or 'javāz' are more specific for official licenses like driving or business. 'Ejāze' is the general concept of permission, while those words refer to the document itself.

Simply raise your hand and say 'Ejāze?' or 'Ejāze āghā/khānom?'. It is the standard way for students to get the teacher's attention.

Mostly, yes. It's a polite way to say 'I am leaving now' or 'Excuse me while I step away.' It can also be used before starting an action in front of others, like opening a window.

No, it can stand alone as a noun. For example, 'Man اجازه دارم' (I have permission).

The most common verb is 'dādan' (to give). So, 'ejāze dādan' means 'to allow'.

In many social contexts, yes. Iranian culture values hierarchy and politeness, so asking for permission—even if it's just a formality—is highly appreciated.

It is a compound noun meaning 'written permission' or 'permit'. 'Nāme' means letter or document.

Yes, in computer software, 'permissions' are translated as 'ejāze-hā' or 'sath-e dasterasi'.

You say 'bedūn-e ejāze' or 'bi-ejāze'.

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