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اظهار کردن

B2 verb 8 Min. Lesezeit

اظهار کردن

ezhar kardan

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At the A1 level, you don't really need to use 'اظهار کردن' (ezhār kardan). It is too formal for beginners. Instead, you should focus on the word 'گفتن' (goftan), which means 'to say.' Think of 'ezhār kardan' as a very fancy version of 'saying' something. If you see it in a book, just remember it means someone is speaking or giving information. For example, instead of 'He said hello,' a very formal book might say 'He stated a greeting,' which is like 'ezhār kardan.' You will mostly see this in news or very formal letters. For now, just know it means 'to say' in a serious way.

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At the A2 level, you might start seeing 'اظهار کردن' in simple news headlines or formal announcements. It is a compound verb, meaning it has two parts: 'ezhār' and 'kardan.' You use it when you want to report what a famous person or an official said. For example, 'The teacher stated that the exam is easy.' In Persian, this sounds more professional than just using 'goftan.' You should start recognizing it when you read or listen to the news. It's like the difference between 'to say' and 'to state' in English. You use it when the speaking is important or official.

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At the B1 level, you should begin to use 'اظهار کردن' in your formal writing, such as emails to a professor or a boss. It helps you sound more educated. You can use it to express your opinions formally, like 'اظهار نظر کردن' (to express an opinion). You should also notice that it's often followed by the word 'که' (ke), which means 'that.' For example: 'او اظهار کرد که به کمک نیاز دارد' (He stated that he needs help). At this level, you are moving beyond basic conversation and starting to handle more professional situations where this word is common.

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At the B2 level, 'اظهار کردن' is a key part of your vocabulary. You should use it to report speech in essays, presentations, and formal discussions. You need to understand its nuances—that it implies an explicit, often public, declaration. You should also be familiar with its common collocations, like 'اظهار تأسف' (expressing regret) or 'اظهار علاقه' (expressing interest). You should be able to distinguish it from similar verbs like 'اعلام کردن' (to announce) and 'بیان کردن' (to articulate). At this level, using 'ezhār kardan' correctly shows that you can control the register of your language and adapt to formal environments.

At the C1 level, you should use 'اظهار کردن' and its more formal variant 'اظهار داشتن' (ezhār dāshtan) effortlessly. You should be able to use it in complex sentence structures, such as using the past participle as a noun ('با اظهاراتِ وی...' - with his statements...). You should also understand its use in legal and academic contexts, where it might be used to set forth a premise or a testimony. You should be able to identify the subtle differences between 'ezhār' and other high-level verbs like 'اذعان کردن' (to concede/admit) or 'افشا کردن' (to reveal/disclose). Your usage should reflect a deep understanding of Persian rhetorical style.

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At the C2 level, 'اظهار کردن' is just one of many tools in your sophisticated linguistic toolkit. You use it with precision, perhaps employing it to contrast a formal 'statement' with a private 'belief.' You are comfortable with its etymology and can use it in literary or highly technical legal translations. You understand how the word functions in classical vs. modern contexts and can manipulate its auxiliary verbs (kardan, dāshtan, farmudan) to perfectly match the desired tone and social hierarchy of the situation. You can analyze its usage in political discourse to detect subtle shades of meaning or intent.

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اظهار کردن in 30 Sekunden

A formal verb meaning to state, declare, or express officially.
Commonly used in news, legal contexts, and professional writing.
Derived from the Arabic root for 'appearing' or 'making visible'.
Often paired with nouns like 'regret', 'interest', or 'opinion'.

The Persian verb اظهار کردن (ezhār kardan) is a sophisticated compound verb primarily used to describe the act of stating, declaring, or expressing something in an official, explicit, or formal manner. While in English one might simply say 'to say' or 'to tell,' ezhār kardan carries a weight of intentionality and formality that elevates the discourse. It is frequently encountered in legal proceedings, journalistic reports, and academic discussions where the precision of an individual's statement is paramount. The word itself is derived from the Arabic root 'Z-H-R' (ظ-ه-ر), which relates to appearing or becoming visible. Therefore, at its core, ezhār kardan is about 'making visible' one's thoughts, opinions, or facts through the medium of speech or writing.

Formal Context: In a courtroom, a witness does not just 'say' what they saw; they ezhār dāshtan (a more formal variant) or ezhār mikonand (they state/declare). This implies that the statement is being recorded for the record.
Diplomatic and Media Usage: Spokespersons for governments or corporations use this verb when issuing official stances. For instance, 'The Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated...' would almost always use اظهار کرد.

وزیر امور خارجه در کنفرانس خبری اظهار کرد که روابط دو کشور رو به بهبود است.

Translation: The Foreign Minister stated at the press conference that the relations between the two countries are improving.

Furthermore, ezhār kardan is often paired with specific nouns to express certain emotions or states. For example, اظهار تأسف کردن (ezhār-e ta'assof kardan) means 'to express regret,' and اظهار علاقه کردن (ezhār-e alāqe kardan) means 'to express interest' or 'to profess love.' In these contexts, the verb bridges the gap between an internal feeling and an external manifestation. It is the bridge between the private thought and the public record. In modern Persian, while bayān kardan (to express) is a close synonym, ezhār kardan feels more 'official' and is often the preferred choice in news broadcasts. Understanding when to use this verb is a key marker of reaching the B2 level, as it shows a learner can distinguish between registers of speech.

Using اظهار کردن correctly involves understanding its grammatical structure as a compound verb. It consists of the noun 'ezhār' (statement/manifestation) and the auxiliary verb 'kardan' (to do/make). In formal writing, the auxiliary 'dāshtan' (to have) is often used instead of 'kardan' (e.g., ezhār dāsht), which further increases the level of formality. When constructing a sentence, the person making the statement is the subject, and the content of the statement follows as a clause, usually introduced by the conjunction 'ke' (that).

Direct Statements: When reporting what someone said: [Subject] + [اظهار کرد/کردند] + [که] + [Statement]. Example: 'The doctor stated that the patient is recovering.'
Expressing Feelings: When expressing an abstract concept: [Subject] + [Noun] + [اظهار کرد]. Example: 'She expressed her happiness.' (او خوشحالی خود را اظهار کرد).

شاهد عینی اظهار کرد که خودروی قرمز با سرعت زیادی حرکت می‌کرد.

Translation: The eyewitness stated that the red car was moving at a high speed.

One must be careful with the object of the verb. If you are 'stating' a fact, use 'ke' to introduce the clause. If you are 'expressing' a noun (like regret, interest, or doubt), that noun becomes the direct object, often linked to 'ezhār' via an Ezafe construction (ezhār-e...). For example: اظهارِ پشیمانی (expressing remorse). This verb is incredibly versatile in professional writing. Whether you are writing a business email, a legal brief, or a news article, ezhār kardan provides the necessary level of distance and objectivity. It attributes the statement clearly to the source without necessarily endorsing its truth, which is why it is the bread and butter of journalism. In academic writing, you might use it to discuss a philosopher's claims: 'Kant states that...' (کانت اظهار می‌کند که...).

If you turn on any Persian-language news channel like BBC Persian, Iran International, or VOA Persian, you will hear اظهار کردن dozens of times within a single hour. It is the standard verb for reporting the speech of politicians, experts, and officials. In the Iranian domestic news (IRIB), it is used almost exclusively for official government announcements. Beyond the news, it is a staple of the legal system. If you ever find yourself in a Persian-speaking legal environment—whether it's a contract negotiation or a court hearing—this verb will be everywhere. Lawyers will use it to refer to their clients' testimonies: 'My client stated that...' (موکل بنده اظهار کرد که...).

News Media: 'The spokesperson stated...' (سخنگو اظهار کرد...). This is used to maintain a neutral, reporting tone.
Literature and Formal Letters: In formal correspondence, if you need to formally declare your needs or opinions to an organization, you would use this verb. 'I wish to state that...' (احتراماً به استحضار می‌رساند که اینجانب اظهار می‌دارم...).

بسیاری از کارشناسان اظهار کرده‌اند که اقتصاد جهانی در حال تغییر است.

Translation: Many experts have stated that the global economy is changing.

You will also hear this word in documentaries and educational programs. When a narrator is summarizing the views of a historical figure or a scientist, ezhār kardan serves as the bridge. It is also used in the context of 'expressing' specific things like 'ezhār-e nazar' (expressing an opinion). In a group discussion or a formal meeting, a chairperson might say, 'Anyone who wishes to express an opinion, please speak up' (هر کس می‌خواهد اظهار نظر کند، بگوید). This usage is very common in corporate settings in Tehran or Kabul. While you won't hear a teenager say it while playing video games, you will certainly hear it if that teenager is being interviewed on TV about their achievements. It is a word that confers respectability and seriousness to the speaker and the subject matter.

One of the most common mistakes learners make with اظهار کردن is using it in overly casual situations. Because English speakers often use 'state' or 'declare' interchangeably with 'say' in writing, they might try to use ezhār kardan when talking to a friend about what they had for lunch. This sounds jarringly formal, almost as if you are testifying about your lunch in a court of law. For daily conversation, stick to goftan (to say) or harf zadan (to talk). Another mistake involves the confusion between ezhār kardan and e'lām kardan (to announce). While they are similar, e'lām kardan is for public announcements or proclamations (like a holiday or a result), whereas ezhār kardan is for stating a specific point, opinion, or fact.

Register Mismatch: Using it with friends: 'دوستم اظهار کرد که گرسنه است' (My friend stated that he is hungry). This is grammatically correct but socially weird. Use 'گفت' (goft) instead.
Preposition Errors: Sometimes learners try to use 'be' (to) with the person being told, like 'به او اظهار کردم'. While possible in some contexts, it's more common to simply state the content or use 'ezhār dāshtan' for the action itself.

اشتباه: او اظهار کرد که فردا به پارک می‌رویم. (خیلی رسمی برای یک قرار دوستانه)

Correct: او گفت که فردا به پارک می‌رویم.

Another nuance involves the difference between ezhār and ebrāz. Ebrāz kardan is often used for feelings (like 'ebrāz-e hamdardi' - expressing sympathy), while ezhār kardan is more versatile but leans towards verbal statements. If you say ezhār-e hamdardi, it sounds like you made a formal statement of sympathy, whereas ebrāz-e hamdardi sounds more like the act of showing that sympathy. Finally, avoid overusing the auxiliary 'dāshtan' (ezhār dāsht) in spoken Persian unless you are giving a formal speech; in regular formal writing, 'kardan' is perfectly fine and slightly less archaic.

Persian is rich with verbs for 'saying' and 'expressing,' each with its own flavor. Understanding the alternatives to اظهار کردن will help you choose the right word for the right situation. The most common alternative is بیان کردن (bayān kardan), which means 'to express' or 'to articulate.' It is slightly less formal than ezhār kardan and is used more for explaining ideas or feelings clearly. If you are 'announcing' something to the public, اعلام کردن (e'lām kardan) is your best bet. If you are specifically 'mentioning' something in passing, use ذکر کردن (zekr kardan).

اظهار کردن vs. بیان کردن: Ezhār is a formal 'stating' of a fact/opinion. Bayān is the 'articulation' or 'expression' of a concept. You 'ezhār' a testimony, but you 'bayān' a theory.
اظهار کردن vs. ابراز کردن: Ebrāz is specifically for showing or manifesting emotions (love, hate, sympathy). Ezhār can do this too, but it often implies a more verbal or formal declaration.
اظهار کردن vs. گفتن: Goftan is the universal 'to say.' Use it for 90% of daily life. Use ezhār for the 10% that is formal or reported speech.

او عقیده‌اش را بیان کرد (He articulated his opinion) vs. او اظهار داشت که مخالف است (He stated that he is opposed).

In very formal or legal Persian, you might also encounter تقریر کردن (taqrir kardan), which means 'to state' or 'to set forth,' often used for written statements or formal dictations. Another related word is اذعان کردن (ez'ān kardan), which specifically means 'to admit' or 'to acknowledge' a truth, often reluctantly. Choosing between these depends on the nuance: are you just stating (ezhār), are you admitting (ez'ān), are you explaining (bayān), or are you announcing (e'lām)? Mastering these distinctions is what separates an intermediate learner from an advanced speaker. By using ezhār kardan in a report, you show that you understand the conventions of Persian journalism and formal discourse.

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

The root Z-H-R is also responsible for the word 'Zohr' (noon), which is when the sun is most 'manifest' or visible in the sky. So, when you 'ezhār' something, you are metaphorically putting it under the noon-day sun.

Aussprachehilfe

UK /ezhɒːɾ kʰæɾd̪æn/

US /ezhɔːr kɑːrdæn/

The stress is typically on the last syllable of the noun part 'ezhār' and the last syllable of the verb 'kardan'.

Reimt sich auf

اصرار کردن (esrār kardan) انکار کردن (enkār kardan) تکرار کردن (tekrār kardan) اقرار کردن (eqrār kardan) اخطار کردن (ekhtār kardan) اجبار کردن (ejbār kardan) انبار کردن (anbār kardan) رفتار کردن (raftār kardan)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing 'zh' as 'j'. It should be a smooth 's' sound like in 'vision'.
Shortening the long 'ā' in 'ezhār'.
Putting too much stress on 'kardan' and ignoring 'ezhār'.
Confusing the initial 'e' with an 'a' sound.
Merging the 'h' and 'ā' sounds too quickly; the 'h' should be audible.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 4/5

Common in news and books, but requires knowledge of formal structures.

Schreiben 5/5

Difficult to use with the correct register and collocations.

Sprechen 6/5

Hard for learners to know when NOT to use it to avoid sounding too stiff.

Hören 3/5

Very easy to recognize once you know the root.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

کردن گفتن ظاهر بیان نظر

Als Nächstes lernen

اذعان کردن تصریح کردن ابراز کردن اعلامیه بیانیه

Fortgeschritten

تقریر انشاء افشاء کتمان تکذیب

Wichtige Grammatik

Compound Verb Conjugation

اظهار می‌کنم، اظهار کردی، اظهار کرد...

Ezafe Construction with Nouns

اظهارِ (ezhār-e) علاقه، اظهارِ تأسف

Formal Auxiliary 'Dāshtan'

او اظهار داشت (He stated - Past tense)

Subordinate Clauses with 'Ke'

او اظهار کرد که (ke) می‌آید.

Passive Voice

اظهار شده است (It has been stated)

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Beispiele nach Niveau

او گفت که سلام است.

He said hello (Simple)

Using 'goftan' instead of 'ezhār kardan' for A1.

مادر گفت بیا غذا بخور.

Mother said come eat.

A1 uses simple direct speech.

دوستم گفت ساعت چند است؟

My friend said what time is it?

Simple question reporting.

معلم گفت کتاب را باز کنید.

The teacher said open the book.

Command reporting with 'goftan'.

او اظهار کرد که خوشحال است.

He stated that he is happy (Formal).

Introduction to 'ezhār kardan' in a simple context.

او اظهار کرد که گرسنه است.

He stated that he is hungry.

Formal statement of a basic need.

آنها اظهار کردند که می‌روند.

They stated that they are going.

Plural form of the verb.

او اظهار کرد: من اینجا هستم.

He stated: I am here.

Using a colon for direct formal statement.

پلیس اظهار کرد که خیابان بسته است.

The police stated that the street is closed.

Official statement by an authority.

دکتر اظهار کرد که حال او خوب است.

The doctor stated that he is well.

Professional report.

مدیر مدرسه اظهار کرد که فردا تعطیل است.

The school principal stated that tomorrow is a holiday.

Formal announcement context.

او اظهار کرد که از این فیلم خوشش می‌آید.

He stated that he likes this movie.

Expressing an opinion formally.

خبرنگار اظهار کرد که باران می‌بارد.

The reporter stated that it is raining.

Journalistic reporting.

او اظهار کرد که فردا به تهران می‌رود.

He stated that he is going to Tehran tomorrow.

Stating a plan formally.

آنها اظهار کردند که پول ندارند.

They stated that they have no money.

Reporting a fact.

سخنگو اظهار کرد که جلسه تمام شد.

The spokesperson stated that the meeting is over.

Official concluding statement.

من در نامه اظهار کردم که به کار نیاز دارم.

I stated in the letter that I need a job.

Using the verb in first person for formal writing.

او با مهربانی اظهار کرد که به ما کمک می‌کند.

He kindly stated that he will help us.

Adding an adverb to the verb.

بسیاری از مردم اظهار کردند که از قیمت‌ها ناراضی هستند.

Many people stated that they are dissatisfied with prices.

Reporting collective opinions.

او اظهار کرد که هیچ اطلاعی از این موضوع ندارد.

He stated that he has no information about this matter.

Formal denial of knowledge.

نویسنده در مقدمه کتاب اظهار کرد که هدفش چیست.

The author stated in the book's preface what his goal is.

Context of literary intent.

او برای اولین بار اظهار علاقه کرد.

He expressed interest for the first time.

Using 'ezhār' with a noun object (interest).

آنها اظهار کردند که پروژه به موقع تمام می‌شود.

They stated that the project will be finished on time.

Professional assurance.

او اظهار کرد که از رفتار آنها تعجب کرده است.

He stated that he was surprised by their behavior.

Expressing a state of mind.

شاهد عینی در دادگاه اظهار کرد که متهم را دیده است.

The eyewitness stated in court that they saw the accused.

Legal testimony context.

وزارت کشور اظهار کرد که انتخابات با موفقیت برگزار شد.

The Ministry of Interior stated that the elections were held successfully.

Official government statement.

او در مصاحبه‌اش اظهار کرد که قصد بازنشستگی ندارد.

In his interview, he stated that he has no intention of retiring.

Public figure's statement.

شرکت اظهار کرد که تمام خسارت‌ها را جبران خواهد کرد.

The company stated that it will compensate for all damages.

Corporate liability statement.

او صراحتاً اظهار کرد که با این تصمیم مخالف است.

He explicitly stated that he is opposed to this decision.

Using an adverb (explicitly) with the verb.

دانشمندان اظهار کرده‌اند که گرمایش زمین یک بحران جدی است.

Scientists have stated that global warming is a serious crisis.

Reporting scientific consensus.

او با اظهار تأسف، از مردم عذرخواهی کرد.

Expressing regret, he apologized to the people.

Using 'ezhār' as a gerund-like phrase.

نماینده پارلمان اظهار کرد که لایحه جدید نیاز به بررسی دارد.

The MP stated that the new bill needs review.

Legislative context.

وی در بیانیه‌ای رسمی اظهار داشت که صلح تنها راه حل است.

In an official statement, he stated that peace is the only solution.

Using 'ezhār dāshtan' for high formality.

منتقدان اظهار می‌کنند که این اثر فاقد عمق لازم است.

Critics state that this work lacks the necessary depth.

Academic/Artistic critique.

او با اظهارات خود، جنجال زیادی در رسانه‌ها به پا کرد.

With his statements, he caused a lot of controversy in the media.

Using the noun form 'ezhārāt' (statements).

فیلسوف اظهار می‌دارد که حقیقت امری نسبی است.

The philosopher states that truth is a relative matter.

Philosophical discourse.

او در وصیت‌نامه‌اش اظهار کرده بود که اموالش به خیریه برسد.

In his will, he had stated that his assets should go to charity.

Legal/Posthumous instruction.

مقامات امنیتی اظهار کردند که اوضاع تحت کنترل است.

Security officials stated that the situation is under control.

Crisis management terminology.

او بدون اظهار هیچ دلیلی، از سمت خود استعفا داد.

Without stating any reason, he resigned from his position.

Negative construction with 'ezhār'.

گزارش نهایی اظهار می‌دارد که خطای انسانی عامل حادثه بوده است.

The final report states that human error was the cause of the accident.

Abstract subject (the report) stating something.

مشارالیه در بازجویی‌های فنی اظهارات متناقضی را بیان نمود.

The aforementioned individual made contradictory statements during technical interrogations.

High legal/police register with 'moshāron-ileyh'.

چنین اظهاراتی مبین آن است که سیاست‌های پیشین شکست خورده‌اند.

Such statements indicate that previous policies have failed.

Analytical/Political science register.

وی با استناد به شواهد، اظهار عجز رقیب را پیش‌بینی کرد.

Citing evidence, he predicted the opponent's admission of helplessness.

Using 'ezhār' with 'ajz' (helplessness/incapacity).

اظهاراتِ نسنجیده می‌تواند تبعاتِ جبران‌ناپذیری در پی داشته باشد.

Ill-advised statements can have irreparable consequences.

Philosophical/Prudential warning.

او در رساله خود به تفصیل اظهار عقیده کرده است.

He has expressed his opinion in detail in his treatise.

Scholarly register.

دادگاه اظهارات شهود را به دلیل تناقض، از درجه اعتبار ساقط کرد.

The court invalidated the witnesses' statements due to contradictions.

Advanced legal terminology.

او با اظهارِ بی‌اطلاعی، سعی در تبرئه خود داشت.

By professing ignorance, he tried to exonerate himself.

Strategic use of 'ezhār' in legal defense.

این بیانیه به وضوح اظهار می‌دارد که هیچ تغییری در مواضع رخ نداده است.

This statement clearly asserts that no change in positions has occurred.

Diplomatic/Static policy assertion.

Häufige Kollokationen

اظهار نظر کردن

اظهار تأسف کردن

اظهار علاقه کردن

اظهار پشیمانی کردن

اظهار عجز کردن

اظهار بی‌اطلاعی کردن

اظهار همدردی کردن

اظهار خوشحالی کردن

اظهار وجود کردن

اظهار فضل کردن

Häufige Phrasen

طبق اظهاراتِ وی

— According to his/her statements. Used in reporting.

طبق اظهاراتِ وی، حادثه ساعت ۵ رخ داد.

اظهاراتِ ضد و نقیض

— Contradictory statements. Used in legal or news contexts.

شاهد اظهاراتِ ضد و نقیضی داشت.

بدون اظهارِ دلیل

— Without stating a reason. Used when someone acts without explanation.

او بدون اظهارِ دلیل استعفا داد.

اظهارِ صریح

— Explicit statement. Used for clear declarations.

این یک اظهارِ صریح از سوی دولت است.

در مقامِ اظهار

— In the position of stating. Used in formal legal logic.

او در مقامِ اظهارِ حقیقت بود.

اظهارِ بندگی

— Expression of servitude. Archaic/Religious context.

او در برابر خداوند اظهارِ بندگی کرد.

اظهارِ وفاداری

— Expression of loyalty. Political or personal.

سربازان به پادشاه اظهارِ وفاداری کردند.

اظهارِ فقر

— Pleading poverty. Used when someone claims to be poor.

او با وجود ثروت، اظهارِ فقر می‌کرد.

اظهارِ شگفتی

— Expressing wonder or surprise.

او از پیشرفت علم اظهارِ شگفتی کرد.

اظهارِ تنفر

— Expressing hatred or loathing.

او از جنگ اظهارِ تنفر کرد.

Wird oft verwechselt mit

اظهار کردن vs اعلام کردن

E'lām is for 'announcing' to a crowd; Ezhār is for 'stating' a point or opinion.

اظهار کردن vs ابراز کردن

Ebrāz is primarily for 'showing' feelings; Ezhār is more for 'stating' them verbally.

اظهار کردن vs اعتراف کردن

E'terāf is specifically 'to confess' a crime or secret; Ezhār is a neutral 'statement'.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"اظهارِ لحیه کردن"

— To offer an unwanted or unqualified opinion. Sarcastic.

باز هم او در مورد فیزیک اظهارِ لحیه کرد!

Informal/Sarcastic

"اظهارِ فضل کردن"

— To show off one's knowledge. Often used negatively.

او فقط می‌خواست در جمع اظهارِ فضل کند.

Neutral/Negative

"اظهارِ وجود کردن"

— To make one's presence felt or to assert oneself.

او برای اینکه نادیده گرفته نشود، اظهارِ وجود کرد.

Neutral

"اظهارِ عجز و لابه کردن"

— To beg and plead desperately.

او برای بخشش، اظهارِ عجز و لابه کرد.

Literary/Formal

"محلِ اظهار نداشتن"

— To have no place or grounds to state something.

این ادعا دیگر محلِ اظهار ندارد.

Legal/Formal

"اظهارِ حق کردن"

— To speak the truth or claim one's right.

او در برابر ظلم، اظهارِ حق کرد.

Religious/Literary

"اظهارِ مافی‌الضمیر"

— To express what is in one's heart/mind.

او بالاخره اظهارِ مافی‌الضمیر کرد.

Literary/Archaic

"اظهارِ صمیمیت"

— To act friendly or show intimacy, sometimes falsely.

او با اظهارِ صمیمیت، اعتماد ما را جلب کرد.

Neutral

"اظهارِ ندامت"

— A formal way to say 'expressing regret' or 'penitence'.

مجرم اظهارِ ندامت کرد.

Legal

"اظهارِ مطلب"

— To bring up a point or matter.

او برای اظهارِ مطلب اجازه خواست.

Formal

Leicht verwechselbar

اظهار کردن vs تظاهر کردن

Shares the same root (Z-H-R).

Tazāhor means 'to pretend' or 'to fake,' whereas Ezhār means 'to state' or 'to manifest' truthfully (usually).

او تظاهر کرد که مریض است (He pretended to be sick) vs. او اظهار کرد که مریض است (He stated that he is sick).

اظهار کردن vs ظاهر کردن

Looks very similar.

Zāher kardan is used for 'developing' photos or making something physically appear, while Ezhār is for verbal statements.

او عکس‌ها را ظاهر کرد (He developed the photos).

اظهار کردن vs بیان کردن

Both mean 'to express'.

Bayān is more about the clarity of articulation; Ezhār is more about the formality of the declaration.

او منظورش را بیان کرد (He articulated his meaning).

اظهار کردن vs اذعان کردن

Both are formal 'stating' verbs.

Ez'ān implies admitting something that might be hard to accept; Ezhār is neutral.

او به شکست اذعان کرد (He admitted defeat).

اظهار کردن vs ذکر کردن

Both involve saying something formal.

Zekr kardan is 'to mention' or 'to cite'; Ezhār is 'to state' a whole proposition.

او نامِ من را ذکر کرد (He mentioned my name).

Satzmuster

[Person] اظهار کرد که [Simple Sentence].

او اظهار کرد که خسته است.

[Person] در [Place/Document] اظهار کرد که...

او در ایمیل اظهار کرد که می‌آید.

[Person] اظهارِ [Noun] کرد.

او اظهارِ پشیمانی کرد.

[Authority] صراحتاً اظهار کرد که...

پلیس صراحتاً اظهار کرد که جاده بسته است.

طبقِ اظهاراتِ [Person]، [Fact].

طبقِ اظهاراتِ شاهد، او بی‌گناه است.

[Person] با اظهارِ اینکه [Reason]، [Action].

او با اظهارِ اینکه وقت ندارد، جلسه را ترک کرد.

[Document] اظهار می‌دارد که...

این نامه اظهار می‌دارد که وام تایید شده است.

اظهاراتِ [Person] مبینِ [Abstract Concept] است.

اظهاراتِ وی مبینِ حسنِ نیتِ اوست.

Wortfamilie

Substantive

اظهار (Statement)

اظهارات (Statements/Testimony)

مظهر (Manifestation/Source)

ظهور (Appearance/Emergence)

Verben

ظاهر شدن (To appear)

ظاهر ساختن (To make appear)

تظاهر کردن (To pretend)

Adjektive

ظاهری (Apparent/External)

مشهور (Famous/Apparent - related root)

مظاهر (Manifestations)

Verwandt

اعلام (Announcement)

بیان (Expression)

ابراز (Manifestation)

گزارش (Report)

توضیح (Explanation)

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So verwendest du es

frequency

Extremely high in written media and formal speech; low in daily casual speech.

Häufige Fehler

Using it for casual 'saying'. → Using 'گفتن'.
It sounds like you're in a court of law if you use it with friends.
Confusing 'ezhār' with 'ezterār' (emergency). → Ezhār (statement).
They sound slightly similar but have totally different roots.
Forgetting the 'e' in 'ezhār'. → Ezhār.
Some learners say 'azhār' which is incorrect.
Using 'ezhār kardan' for 'to show' a physical object. → نشان دادن.
Ezhār is for verbalizing or manifesting abstract things.
Misplacing the Ezafe in 'ezhār-e nazar'. → اظهارِ نظر.
The 'e' sound must connect 'ezhār' and 'nazar'.

Tipps

Auxiliary Choice

In the past tense, 'اظهار نمود' is another very formal alternative you might see in literature.

Don't Overuse

Even in formal writing, don't use it for every single 'he said.' Mix it with 'افزود' (added) or 'تصریح کرد' (clarified).

Related Nouns

Learn 'اظهارات' (statements) as a separate noun; it's very common in news headlines.

The 'H' is Key

Make sure the 'h' in ezhār is clear, or it might sound like 'ezār' (which means something else).

Legal Use

If you see 'اظهاراتِ ضد و نقیض' in a newspaper, it means 'contradictory statements'—a common legal phrase.

Journalistic Tone

When translating news from English to Persian, 'stated' should almost always be 'اظهار کرد'.

The 'Visible' Root

Remember 'Zāher' (apparent). 'Ezhār' is making your thoughts 'apparent'.

Ta'arof

Using this word can be a way of keeping a respectful distance in formal Ta'arof.

Subjunctive

After 'اظهار کرد که', the following verb is usually in the indicative, not the subjunctive.

Arabic Form

It's a Form IV Arabic verb, which often carries the meaning of 'causing' something (causing to appear).

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of the 'zh' sound in 'ezhār' as the 's' in 'vision.' You are giving your 'vision' or 'statement' to the world. 'Ez-Hār' sounds like 'Is-Here'—you are making your opinion 'be here' (visible).

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a spotlight hitting a person on a dark stage. That spotlight is 'ezhār'—it makes the person (the statement) visible to everyone.

Word Web

Statement Official News Court Opinion Manifest Formal Declare

Herausforderung

Try to write three sentences about a news event you saw today, using 'ezhār kardan' to describe what the people in the news said.

Wortherkunft

Derived from the Arabic verbal noun 'إظهار' (izhār), which is the Form IV infinitive of the root Z-H-R (ظ-ه-ر). In Arabic, this form means 'to make something appear' or 'to reveal'.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: To bring something into the light; to make something manifest or visible.

Afroasiatic (Arabic root) integrated into Indo-European (Persian) verbal system.

Kultureller Kontext

Be careful not to use it in intimate settings, as it can sound cold or like you are keeping an emotional distance.

In English, we use 'state' or 'declare' in similar contexts. It is the 'police report' or 'news anchor' style of speaking.

Used extensively in the Shahnameh in formal speeches of kings. Common in the preamble of the Iranian Constitution. A standard term in the 'Golestan' of Saadi for formal declarations.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Courtroom

اظهاراتِ شهود
اظهارِ حقیقت
اظهارِ خلافِ واقع
ثبتِ اظهارات

News Broadcast

سخنگو اظهار کرد
مقامات اظهار داشتند
وی اظهار نمود
در پاسخ اظهار کرد

Academic Writing

نویسنده اظهار می‌کند
در این رساله اظهار شده
اظهارِ عقیده
محلِ اظهار

Business/Tax

اظهارنامه مالیاتی
خوداظهاری
اظهارِ سرمایه
اظهارِ ضرر

Diplomacy

اظهارِ تأسف
اظهارِ همدردی
اظهارِ تمایل
اظهارِ نگرانی

Gesprächseinstiege

"آیا می‌توانید در مورد این موضوع اظهار نظر کنید؟ (Can you express an opinion on this subject?)"

"او در مورد پروژه‌ی جدید چه اظهاراتی داشت؟ (What statements did he make about the new project?)"

"چرا او از اظهارِ حقیقت می‌ترسد؟ (Why is he afraid of stating the truth?)"

"آیا دولت در مورد قیمت‌ها اظهارِ نظر کرده است؟ (Has the government commented on the prices?)"

"در نامه‌تان چه چیزی اظهار کردید؟ (What did you state in your letter?)"

Tagebuch-Impulse

در مورد یکی از نظراتِ جنجالی که اخیراً در اخبار شنیده‌اید بنویسید و از 'اظهار کردن' استفاده کنید.

اگر بخواهید به طور رسمی از کسی اظهارِ تشکر کنید، چه می‌گویید؟

یک گزارش کوتاه در مورد یک حادثه خیالی بنویسید و اظهاراتِ شاهدان را در آن بیاورید.

تفاوت بین 'گفتن' و 'اظهار کردن' را در یک پاراگراف توضیح دهید.

در مورد زمانی بنویسید که مجبور بودید در یک موقعیت رسمی اظهارِ نظر کنید.

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

It is not recommended. It will make you sound like a news reporter or a lawyer. Use 'گفتن' (goftan) instead for a natural sound.

'اظهار داشت' is more formal and is almost exclusively used in written Persian or very formal speeches. 'اظهار کرد' is the standard formal version.

Yes, the noun 'اظهار' is Arabic, but 'کردن' is Persian. This is a very common way to form verbs in Persian (Compound Verbs).

You can say 'از اظهارِ نظر خودداری کرد' (He refrained from expressing an opinion).

In a metaphorical sense, yes, like 'showing' interest. But for physically showing an object, use 'نشان دادن' (neshān dādan).

Yes! An 'ezhārnāmeh' is a 'declaration paper,' most commonly used for tax returns (اظهارنامه مالیاتی).

Not always. If you are expressing a noun (like 'ezhār-e alāqe'), you don't need 'ke'. You only need 'ke' if a full sentence follows.

The most direct opposite is 'کتمان کردن' (ketmān kardan), which means to hide or conceal a fact.

Yes, but usually in more modern or didactic poetry. Classical poetry often uses more metaphorical ways to say 'express'.

Not directly. You would say 'اظهارِ نارضایتی کرد' (He expressed dissatisfaction).

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